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RAIN GARDENS Susan Kenzle, RLA, LI Watershed Protection Department City of Austin Source: Iowa Natural Resources Conservation Service

Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

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Page 1: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

RAIN GARDENS

Susan Kenzle, RLA, LIWatershed Protection Department

City of Austin

Source: Iowa Natural Resources Conservation Service

Page 2: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Watershed Protection Department (WPD)Missions: water quality protection and erosion control

• Environmental Resource Management• Field Operations• Watershed Engineering• Watershed Policy and Planning

Design, implement & evaluate engineered systems that reduce pollution & erosion in our waterways. Stormwater is a resource.• Water quality control retrofits• Stream restoration

DIVISIONS

Sustainable StormwaterSolutions Section

A rain garden is one of 7 “green stormwater Infrastructure” practices recognized by WPD as eligible for water quality credit

Page 3: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

•What and Why•What and Why1

• Types• Types2

• Plants• Plants3

• Maintenance• Maintenance4

Rain Garden Topics

Page 4: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Source: Iowa Natural Resources Conservation Service

RAIN GARDENS:WHAT & WHY

Page 5: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden: What?A shallow, vegetated depression designed to absorb and filter runoff from hardscapes like roads, sidewalks, driveways, roofs

Page 6: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden: Why?• To slow and clean stormwater: reduces 

erosion and flooding, protects water quality by filtering pollutants 

• To minimize potable water use on landscapes

• Increase baseflow in creeks and groundwater recharge by enhancing water infiltration into the soil (rather than overland)

• To support habitat for birds and butterflies

• Aesthetics

Page 7: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Stormwater enters inlet Flooding of West Bouldin Creekinto development

Erosion: West Bouldin Creek Erosion Repair: West Bouldin Creek

Rain Garden: Why? To capture & infiltrate stormwater runoff

Page 8: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Source:treehugger.org

Rain Garden: Why?To filter stormwater and remove pollutants from various sources

Source:mass.gov/dep/water/resources

Source:delcocd.org Source:ristormwatersolutions.org

Page 9: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Source: Iowa Natural  Resources Conservation Service

Source:greenhousecanada.com

Rain Garden: Why?To filter stormwater and remove pollutants

Plants & soil filter and remove pollutants 

Page 10: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

RAIN GARDENS:TYPES

Source: lowimpactdevelopment.org

Page 11: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: info. sourcesThe City of Austin has two sources of information on Rain Gardens: 

• City of Austin Environmental Criteria Manual (ECM), Section 1.6.7  Commercial, Multi‐family,  Civic, and Public R.O.W.

• Grow Green (residential)

Page 12: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: TypesCity of Austin ECM 1.6.7 H details three types of non‐residential Rain Gardens:• Full Infiltration• Partial Infiltration• Filtration with no infiltration

Residential rain gardens are not governed by the ECM.  • Full infiltration.

Source:liv.ac.uk

Page 13: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain GardensSOIL & WATER INFILTRATION• Type of existing soil and its infiltration rate effects the type of rain garden.• Infiltration time:  non‐residential (48 hrs max.) and residential (24 hrs max.).   • Non‐residential rain gardens: native soil or biofiltration media, underdrain system.

• Rain garden growing medium characteristics: Have sufficient water holding capacity; Be able to sustain healthy microorganism population.

Infiltration Test

Source: watab.net

Simple Infiltration test Double ring Infiltration test

• Simple• Cheap• Direct Infiltration Rate

Page 14: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

• Captures and fully infiltrates runoff• The infiltration capacity of the site soils are used to reduce

stormwater runoff volume and associated pollutants

• No underdrain

Rain Garden Types – Full Infiltration

Page 15: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

• Captures and treats runoff through a biofiltrationbed, a special soil mix

• Stormwater exits this rain garden in 2 ways:  via a raised outlet pipe  by infiltration into the underlying soil

Rain Garden Types – Partial Infiltration

Page 16: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden Types – Filtration with noInfiltration

• Captures and conveys runoff through:

biofiltration bed 

underdrain system

• No infiltration into underlying soil.

Page 17: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden Types ‐ Residential

• Native soil• No underdrain or connection to stormwater system

Page 18: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Examples

• Rain gardens across the city take various forms

Commercial Multi‐family Civic Public R.O.W.

Residential

Full InfiltrationPartial InfiltrationFiltration

Full Infiltration

Page 19: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden Examples ‐ Commercial

W 34th Street

Zach Scott Theater3300 N IH35 – Aveda Institute

Page 20: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden Examples – Multi‐family

Wildflower Terrace, Mueller

Wildflower Terrace, Mueller

Page 21: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

West RGInfiltration

North RGPart Infil.

East RGPart Infil.

Rain Garden Examples ‐ CivicCity of Austin, One Texas Center

Inundated Dry OTC Rain Garden Facts:• 1.5 AC drainage area;• 761,615 gal of treated 

stormwater treated in an average year;

• Approximately 1,000 lbstotal suspended solids prevented from entering  East Bouldin Creek and Lady Bird Lake.

OTC Rain Garden Facts:• 1.5 AC drainage area;• 761,615 gal of treated 

stormwater treated in an average year;

• Approximately 1,000 lbstotal suspended solids prevented from entering  East Bouldin Creek and Lady Bird Lake.

West Rain Garden

Page 22: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden Examples ‐ Civic

NW Recreation Center Stacy Park

NW Recreation Center

Page 23: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Garden Examples – R.O.W. 

10th & Rio Grande Grover Ave.

Todd Lane (future)

Page 24: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens Examples ‐ Residential

Solvita Townhomes, Harmon Ave.

Bellamy Residence

Page 25: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

RAIN GARDENS:PLANTS

Page 26: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Plants• Plants are an essential component –

they filter and clean stormwater, and stabilize the soil

• Use Native or adapted plants

• Use Drought‐tolerant plants

• Plants with fibrous root systems are very beneficial

• Plant roots will maintain and increase soil porosity 

• Avoid plants that require well‐drained soils 

• Diversity of plant types 

Page 27: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: PlantsPLANT INFORMATION SOURCES• Non‐residential follow ECM 1.6.7C, Biofiltration

• Turf grass (e.g., buffalo grass)• Groundcovers• Small treesOther with approval• Perennials• Shrubs• Grasses, Sedges

Page 28: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: PlantsPLANT INFORMATION SOURCES

• Residential

Grow Green brochure

Landscape Plants guide

Page 29: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Plants at OTC Rain Gardens 

Page 30: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Plants at OTC Rain Gardens 

Page 31: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Source: sbgardendesign.wordpress.com

RAIN GARDENS:MAINTENANCE

Page 32: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Consider Maintenance During Design• Select native vegetation whenever possible.

• Plan vegetation throughout the entire garden.

• Plants should predominate over mulch or gravel soil stabilization.  Proper plant spacing is important.

• Crushed granite & other materials with fines should not be used as they can clog the system, preventing proper drainage. 

• If pedestrian traffic is expected, provide stepping stones to direct walking.

• Plant spiny vegetation along garden edge to discourage pedestrian use.

• Design the garden depression to be as shallow as possible to facilitate mowing and reduce erosion. 

• Design with maintenance in mind. 

Page 33: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Post‐construction Maintenance

Keep curb cut  or other inflow device clear of leaves, trash, sediment, media

Inflow

Remove excess sediment from inside inlet to allow proper flow into rain garden

Page 34: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Post‐construction Maintenance

Maintain mulch depth & coverage. No bare areas over 10 s.f. Repair erosion, animal burrows.

Plants, Mulch, Soil

Remove or control weedswith minimal       herbicide,     pesticide use.

IPM

Replace dead or diseasedvegetation.  95% living veg. is required.

Page 35: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Post‐construction MaintenancePlants

Prune excessive growth or prune for plant health Do not prune native plants in geometric or 

unnatural shapes

Bunch grasses noshorter than 18”

Mow sod‐forming grasses no shorter than 3”

Page 36: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Post‐construction MaintenancePlants, Irrigation 

Minimize irrigation use but keepplants adequately water duringestablishment and drought

Check systems periodically for proper function, leaks

Tree stabilization should be removed after 1 year

Girdled trunk

Page 37: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

Rain Gardens: Post‐construction MaintenanceTrash, Dead Animals, Standing Water

Water standing for over 48 hrsmay signal clogging & becomea mosquito breeding area

Remove dead animals, pet waste, and trash regularly

Page 38: Rain Garden Presentation 012713 - Austin, Texas · 2020-02-20 · Solutions Section A rain garden is one of 7 “green stor mwater Infrastructure” practices ... and filter runoff

QUESTIONS?

Source: Iowa Natural Resources Conservation Service