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Definition of railroad constructionCharacteristics of railroad constructionHistory of railroad and its impact to industryConstruction elements of railroadSocial, economical and energetic aspectsRail transport around the worldCase study
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CEM 2043
S E N G H A N S E N RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Lintas-Rawapening.jpg
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Definition of railroad construction
Characteristics of railroad construction
History of railroad and its impact to industry
Construction elements of railroad
Social, economical and energetic aspects
Rail transport around the world
Case study
DEFINITION OF RAILROAD Track: the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties, and ballast, plus the underlying subgrade. It is also known as permanent way.
Rail transport: a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rails. It is commonly referred to as train transport.
Rail vehicles are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Track usually consists of steel rails installed on ties (sleepers) and ballast.
Train: a connected series of rail vehicles that move along the track.
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
HISTORY OF RAILROAD & ITS IMPACT TO INDUSTRY
Pre-steam Steam Electrification &
Dieselisation Modern
(innovative)
Horsecar in Brno, Czech Republic
"Brno, Brno Msto, historick kosk tramvaj" by Aktron / Wikimedia Commons.
Diolkos wagonway - 6th century BC in Greece. Germany 1350 AD
James Watt patented steam engines in 1769.
Richard Trevithick demonstrated the first
locomotive in 1804.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/5051_Earl_Bathurst_Cocklewood_Harbour.jpg
1902, the first conventional electrified
railway with 106 km length in Italy
"Shinkansen type 0 Hikari 19890506a" by Cassiopeia sweet - Photo by Cassiopeia sweet..
Intermodal, just-in-time-environmental impact,
public safety
"Porters waiting to go inside the train" by Sakurai Midori - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Porters_waiting_to_go_inside_the_train.JPG#/media/File:Porters_waiting_to_go_inside_the_train.JPG
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILROAD
Right of way
Construction
Train Inspection Systems
Signalling
Electrification
Stations
Buildings Telecommunication
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Right of way
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The first railway line in Indonesia started operations in 1867. The railways were gradually expanded by both state and private railways.
The Japanese occupation and the Indonesian War of Independence left Indonesia's railways in a poor condition. A batch of 100 steam locomotives were ordered in 1950, and in 1953 the first mainline diesel-electric locomotive was purchased from the US. Dieselisation continued apace, and by the 1980s most mainline services have been dieselised. Electric multiple units were also obtained from Japan beginning in the 1970s, replacing 60-year-old electric locomotives.
Wikipedia
Since the independence era, all mainline railways in Indonesia have been managed by the government. The owners of the private railway were compensated first, but the system was fully nationalised in 1971.
Construction of new railway lines has been few and far between, and most new construction is concentrated on double- and quad-tracking of existing railway lines. Most of the former tramway lines have been closed, reducing the mileage from about 7000 km to only 3000 km.
A plot of land area belonging of the public estate and on which will be (or have been) constructed a road, a railway track, a waterway and their dependences.
WHAT IS RIGHT OF WAY OR TOTAL LAND REQUIREMENT?
Buildings
BALAI YASA
OFFICES
RUMAH DINAS
SIGNALLING HOUSE
WATER TOWER
a place that is used for the repair or maintenance of railway facilities which include a locomotive, carriage or wagon. Village hall serves to maintain the quality of railway facilities so that proper operation
venue of the railway administration, the locus of executive and so on. However, the office is not just a place to work, but rather as a means of service activities and the provision of information to the public
buildings for shelter owned by company that is occupied by an employee of the company
buildings which are generally separate from the station that was created to help operate the system notes and signals. usually every station has two home signal
building that serves as a water storage and distributed through a water pipe for the benefit of the station, depot or village hall.
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Balayasa-Tegal-5.jpg
BALAI YASA TEGAL BALAI YASA PADANG
BALAI YASA SURABAYA
BALAI YASA PENGOK
BALAI YASA MANGGARAI
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http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/rumah-sinyal-sidoarjo-B.jpg
Stations
DAOP 1
DAOP 2
DAOP 3
DAOP 4
DAOP 5
DAOP 6
DAOP 7
DAOP 8
DAOP 9
DIVISI REGIONAL 1
DIVISI REGIONAL 3
JAKARTA
BANDUNG
CIREBON
SEMARANG
PURWOKERTO
YOGYAKARTA
MADIUN
SURABAYA
JEMBER
SUMUT & ACEH
SUMSEL http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Jakarta-Kota.jpg
Signalling
Signalling equipment is a set of facilities that serve to provide cues such as color or shape that is placed at a certain place and gives a signal with a certain sense to regulate and control the operation of the railway.
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/sin-siemen-manual.jpg
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/IMG_1408.jpg
Siemens & Halske semi otomatis Siemens & Halske manual
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Persinyalan alkmaar
Telecommunication
A set of facilities used for the delivery of information and / or communication in order to help the security, safety and smooth operation of the railway
Vehicles
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Lokomotif-B25.jpg http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/BB30402.jpg
Kereta api listrik di Stasiun Bogor, Indonesia. Dari kiri ke kanan: KRL buatan Jepang (Nippon Sharyo) angkatan awal (1978-1984), KRL buatan Bombardier/Holec angkatan 1996, dan KRL dengan badan baja tahan karat buatan Jepang angkatan kedua (1986/1987)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/0/04/Railcars.jpg
Electrification
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Bon-Bon-Biru-BY-MRI.jpg
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CR72-ABR.jpg
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/[email protected]
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Railway-Crane-seri-UH-995.jpg
Tunnels
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Wilhelmina tunnel is the longest railway tunnel in Indonesia. This tunnel has a length of 1116 meters. Built by the railway company SS (Staats Spoorwegen) and was built in 1914 and put into use on January 1, 1921. However, this tunnel then becomes inactive as the closure of railway line Banjar - Cijulang (82 miles) on 3 February 1981 because the high cost of operation and at least revenue from railway passengers.
Bridges
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/jembatan-cibisoro.jpg
Cibisoro Bridge, located at Cilame near Padalarang station
CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS OF RAILROAD
A steel bar or continuous line of bars laid on the ground as one of a pair forming a railway track.
It is one of the cross braces that support the rails on a railway track
It forms the track bed upon which railway sleepers are laid
Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a single railway line
SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL & ENERGETIC ASPECTS
ENERGY
Rail transport is an energy efficient but capital intensive.
Comparison in terms of cargo capacity Human carry 1 tmi/day Horse carry 4 tmi/day Horse cart on good pavement carry 10 tmi/day Fully utility truck carry 20,000 tmi/day Long haul train carry 500,000 tmi/day
IN AVERAGE, TRAINS ARE 20x MORE EFFICIENT THAN AUTOMOBILES. Lisbon case study. An automobile consumption around 6 l/100 km gasoline, occupancy around 1.2 passengers/automobile. 1 litre of gasoline = 8.8 kWh. This is equating to an average of 441 Wh per passenger-km. Compare to a modern train with an average occupancy of 20% and a consumption of about 8.5 kWh/km. This equating to 21.5 Wh per passenger-km. 441/21.5 = 20x
Railway Safety
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
RAIL TRANSPORT AROUND THE WORLD SHINKANSEN
"Shinkansen0-N700" by Pagemoral - Contributor Pagemoral takes a photograph. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen0-N700.JPG#/media/File:Shinkansen0-N700.JPG
The maximum operating speed is 320 km/h (200 mph)
"Shinkansen map 201503 en" by Hisagi - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_map_201503_en.png#/media/File:Shinkansen_map_201503_en.png
MAGLEV
"A maglev train coming out, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai" by User Alex Needham (own photography) on en.wikipedia - Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is (was) here. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg#/media/File:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg
The Shanghai Maglev Train, also known as the Transrapid, is the fastest commercial train currently in operation and has a top speed of 430km/h.
CASE STUDY
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a university education, he may steal the whole railroad..
Franklin D Roosevelt
end terima kasih
Copyright acknowledgement: Some pictures and materials are taken from other sources and therefore I do not own them. Their usage is for educational purposes only. All rights of these pictures and materials go to the respected owners.