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RE:'IDICONTl DELLA SOCIETA IT.....1.I:\:-IA Dl MI:'l£R..... LOGIA E PETROLOGIA, 1985, vol. 40, pp. 187-2H
Radiometric geochronology in the Eastern Alps:results and problems
FRANCESCO PAOLO SASSI, G. CAVAZZINI, DARIO VISONAIstituto di Mineralogia e Petrologia e Centro di Studio per i Problemi de:ll'Orogmo
delle Alpi Orientali del C.N.R., Corso Garibaldi 37, 3.5100 Padova
ALDO DEL MOROIslituto di Geoctonologia e Gc:ochimica IsOlopica del C.N.R., Via Cardinale: Maffi 36, 56100 Piu
ABSTRACT. - The Eastern Alps are: one of theEuropean regions in which geological rt:SC:arch hasbenefitted by the: highesl number of radiometricdata and the: most significant. The contributionsof radiometric geochtonology 10 the re<:onstruClionof the: Alpine, Hercynian, «Caledonian,. and olderevents are: critically discussed. All radiometrk dataavailable in the literature up to 1984 are listed inIhe attached tables. Some specific problems involvinggc:ochtonology in the Eastern Alps are: discussed indelail. They include: I) the radiometric age: of the'" Caledonian,. metamorphism, which is confirmedto be close to 460 Ma, as the first result by BoRSIet al. (1973) indicates; 2) the hypothesis of aPaleozoic Megal.1'cle, to which all geological processes developed during the Paleowic (including theHercynian events) should be referred. This hypothesis is rejected l'nd a two-event Paleozoic historyis suggested (<< Caledonian,. plus Hercynian events);3) the existence of Caledonian regional uplifting,for which new evidence is shown; 3) the hypothesisthat the presumed «Caledonian.. processes areCadomian (or Assymhian), a hypothesis which isrejected on the basis of radiometric data andgeologic reasoning.
Key words: Radiometric Geochronology, EaslernAlps, «Caledonian,. processes, Hercynian proces·ses, Alpine processes.
RIASSUNTO, - k Alpi Orientali sono una delleregioni eucopee in cui la ricerca geologica ha potutodisporre di un elcvatissimo numero di dati radiometria di elevata significativitit In questa nOlavengono criticllmente discussi i contributi dali daUageocronologia radiometrica alia ricostruzione deglieventi Alpino, Ercinico, «Caledoniano,. ed ante·riari. Tutri i dati radiamelrid disponibili in lene·ratura fino al 1984 sono dencati nelle tabelleallegate. Vengono discussi in denaglio alcuni spe:ci·fid problemi che coinvolgono la geocronologia, epredsamente: 1) I'eta radiometrica del metamor-
fismo .. Calc:doniano .., che ~ confermata prossimaa 460 Ma circa, in accordo con i primi risultatidi BoRSt et at (1973); 2) l'ipotesi del MegaddoPaleomico, 01 quale apparte:rtebbero tulti i processigeologici ve:rificatisi nd Poleowico, indusi quelliErcinid: tale ipotesi vime: respinea, a favare di unaarticolazione della storia paleozoica su due evc:ntiben distinti, il .. Caledoniano,. e: l'Ercinico; 3) I'esistenza di un soUevamc:nto regionale .. Caledoniano ..,per i1 quale vie:ne messa in luce una nuova prova;4) I'ipotesi che i processi ritenuti .. Caledoniani,.siaoo in reaha Cadomiani (0 Assinlidj, ipotesi cheviene tespinta sulla base: di daei radiometrici econsiderazioni geologiche.
Purole chiave: Geocronologia radiomelrica, AlpiOrientali, Processi «Caledoniani,., Processi Erci·nici, Proce:ssi Alpini.
Introduction
Following the title closely, the presentreport consists of two different sections.
The first summarizes the most importantradiometric results, selected among thosewhich contributed most to the constructionor improvement of the presently availableregional geologic picture.
The second section is a discussion of someproblems related to radiometry in theEastern Alps, crucial for an understandingof pre-Alpine geology in this region. Thespecific items proposed for discussion weretaken into consideration because, in theauthors' opinion, they represent the maingeological problems in which the type ofgeological thinking is crucially controlled bythe type of consideration given to the geochronological data.
188 F.P. SASSl, G. CAVAZZINl, D. \'150:'<)., 11.. DEL MORO
INNSBRUCK
5p/>. L
WINDOW
Early Alpine metamorphism
Q Oligocenic intrusiye bodies
!3!l] Monten... Cornpl ••
~ B'enne, Mesozoi~urn
IJ E.R N~ ."... .;'\ ."~'~'_"'~':"'---;;-:~""
'--'_"'__~':>(':";~~j':i!'~~;':·"'~":r·:~~~'~{"~~~:~~~~J••••• PUSTERIA' ~ S(I" ......
'" ..... ..... '. '.
os /
'".... ~..,
..., . ".. . .: .' ...
Fig. 1. - Distribution of the early Alpine (Cretaceous) metamorphic etfe<ts and location of the Oligocenicintra·AuSlridic alignment Rensen· Vedrette di Ries.
]. Reeults
The Eastern Alps are one of the Europeanregions in which geological research hasbene6ned by the highest number of radiometric data, and the most meaningful. Theselop-level results are mainly due to thesystematic joint efforts carried out by authorsfrom Pisa and Padova, as well as theimportant activity developed by scientistsfrom Bern, Hannover, Leeds and Vienna.
The history of radiometric geochronologicresearch in the Eastern Alps is short, onlyabout fifteen years. Indeed, the first significant isotopic datations go back to the late1960s (BORSI et aI., 1966, 1968, 1969;BORSI & FERRARA, 1967; MILLER et al.,1967; SCHMIDT et al., 1967; GRAUERT,1969), and most of the presently availableage values were produced in the second halfof the 1970s and during the present decade.
The most important age results will bementioned below, following a chronologicalclassification.
1.1. ALPINE EVENTS
1.1.1. Early Alpine regional metamorphismThe Cretaceous age of the, metamorphism
in the Brenner Mesozoikum (fig. 1) wasdemonmated by MJLLER et a1. (1967) bymeans of some Rb·Sr data obtained onbiotites from the Raibl beds. The regionalimportance of this Early Alpine metamorphism and its implication in the metamorphicevolution of the pre-Mesozoic basement soonbegan to come to light; in fact SCHMlDTet al. (1967) supplied some Rb-Sr datademonstrating that biotite in the MonteneveComplex (Schneebergerzug; fig. 1) has thesame Cretaceous age as the biotite in theBrenner Mesozoikum.
This very important result, however, wasnot sufficient to avoid the development of awidespread controversy concerning the age ofthe main metamorphism in the MonteneveComplex: some authors attributed a preAlpine age (e.g., PURTSCHELLER, SCHMlDT)
RADIOMETIlIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTEJlN ALPS 189
Fig. 2. - Reconsm.lClion of the northern pari oftll<- elIrl)' Alpine thermal structure (Iaken fromS...SSI et aI., 1980).
to this metamorphism, others an Alpine age(e.g., jUSTlN-VISENTlN &< ZANETfIN, SASSI).This controversy has only died down in thelast few years, when the bulk of data wasso rich and clear (see summarizing picturesin 5ASSI et al., 1980; DEL MORO et al.,1982; THONI, 1983) that no objections couldbe raised.
These data, also based on different linesof evidence including Rb-Sr and K-Ar isotopicinterpretations, demonstrated that the Cretaceous metamorphic temperature was sufficiently high to produce [he crystallizationof kyanite + staurolite in the MonteneveAI-rich metapelites. Furthermore, the regional character of the related therm...1anomaly was clearly shown: a NE-SWstretched, dome.like, Cretaceous thermalstructure affected a large part of the Austridic block to the west of the TauernWindow (Oetztal-Breonie area plus Monteneve Complex plus Merano-Mules basement)as sketched in figs. 2 and 3). All these datarevealed that tbe pre-Alpine interpretationwas erroneous.
1.1.2. Alpine regional metamorphismWhile the Early Alpine metamorphism
was revealing all its importance in the abovementioned areas by means of the determiningsupport of radiometric geochronology, thesame isotopic methods were important fordetermining the age and distribution of theAlpine metamorphism.
This event developed dose to the EoceneOligocene boundary, approx. 40 Ma ago.The rebHed regional cooling began approx.30 Ma ago, finishing approx. 12·20 Ma ago.These results are main!v due to BESANG etal. (1968), JAGER et ai. (1969), KREUZEItet al. (1973), SATIIl (1975), BoRSI et al.(1978 a) and CLIFF (1981).
The most important result concerning theAlpine metamorphism in [he Eastern Alps isrelated to its regional distribution. To tht:same extent that all authors were, rightly,convinced. that the typical Alpine domainis represented by the Pennides (TauernWindow), almost all of them also firmlybelieved that the Austrides were nOt involvedin the Alpine metamorphism. On the contrary, BoRSI et al. (1973. 1978 a) demon.strated that large parts of the Austrides southof the Tauern Window were signi6cantlyaffected by the Alpine recrystallization (fig.4). More precisely, their Rb-Sr data on micasdemonstrated that the northernmost Au·midic block - lying between the PennidesAustrides boundary to the north and theDeferegger-Anterselva-Valles tectonic line tothe south - was completely affected byAlpine recrystallization, the mineral effectsof which were described by CoNTINI & SASSI(1980).
Therefore, radiometric data were able todisplay the unexpected importance of a regional tectonic line, which had been knownfor a long time (DAL PIAZ, 1936) but whichhad been consigned to oblivion by almostall authors.
1.1.3. PosJ-Pumian magmatismOther important resuhs of radiometric
research are related to the intra·AusuiditPeriadriatic Alignment of granitoid bodies(fig. I): Rensen - M. Alto· Rio Vena - Cimadi Vila _ Vedrette di Rit:s (+ Polland, intbe surroundings of (Lienz). Their Alpine age(30 Ma) was demonstrated by BoRSt et al.(1978 a, 1978 b. 1979). Furthermore, thesame Rb-Sr isotopic data suggested a com·plex origin for these acidic melts, in whichSr/Sr ratios are significantly lower thanthose in the typically crustal acidic melts.
As regards the contribution of radiometricresearch to the reconstruction of the postHercynian geology of the Eastern Alps, wemuSt also mention here the important re-
190 F.P. SASSI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
....-
••,,
J"Ur..npdl'>......,-;:,
Nato,,",,1 boo,dc,
-!lOO'e
"................
,
!!loundary of;___ ....~2 (''''p,ne 5Ia",,01oIt
201''')...•.••.•~ .... MA C' Alp,n. l"l"o .....,.
z,,".)ScMuh,.,tr '''9 (1'101'1'1'1"'1)
,nc!u<!;ng ,00'" S",;••1\(I~"'tMO"'
.:.0 .,,:-;1~5'5 'Io1.:~O""··
! Hohi K••",I' sp... """"'"
Distribution of:
a Ky"n".IiI fole.f,.m,,"'.o
•.Cnlo"toIQ
• Ps.udo",<>'p~~ 011.,".rc~n,on stay,,,],!.
,. 5:"",·0Id.Gla" :o,d gnti»u r;<~;n "'~"..""CO, ! b;olot"
1l~t.l•.grQn'I.-.,n.,.... cndou..."'gn.'.... , ! ",n,t.. "",,, (I"n;901)
O((llrr~nCIalgranltic rockso"ofding 10 Ihe Carlo geologlcod' Ilolia,l 100000. Foglio 4 (MercM)
•
•
r.7Ol'-'-'-'
106' ••
Fig. 3. - Distribution of white mica Rb/Sf age!! and equilibrium temperatures in Schnccbcrgenug(Monte Neve) area and the bordering AhkristaUin (taken from THONI, 1983).
suits regarding Triassic magmatism (BaRSI &
FERRARA, 1967; BoRSI et al., 1968; FERRARA& INNOCENT!, 1974) and Tertiary volcanism(BaRSI et al., 1969) in the Southern Alps.
IlADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 191
WINDOW
INNS'AUCI\
•
..~"'"•!•~.
,p.IJf- RN
__----=-- --~.t; -::=O,\v ll",~
,,. 300"'.~ ...-...--..-.O'... -..-..-.-........ -- -_......!;
30M. i~-.- -.--~. --·-1':'-·-1::::i'.'0!
, •• "_0.... '.~,
,• •
FiI. 4. - Distribution of rhe Alpine rcaystalliz.adon within the Austridic bascmcm to the toUth of theTaucm Window ltakm from BoIlSI C't 81., 197J, 1978 a).
1.2. HERCYNIAN EVENTS
1.2.1. Hercynian grani/oid plutonism
Let us begin from the Hercynian grani.tOids occurring within th~ South~rn Alps,where many radiometric data finally managedto extinguish the age-old debate concerningthe Alpine versus Hercynian age of the Peri·adriatic Plutons (fig. 5).
Some authors maintained their Paleozoicage, mostly giving reliability and confidenceto the very rare and ambiguous finding ofgranitoid pebbles in the Permian conglomerate (e.g., SANDER, 1923). Instead, otherauthors (e.g., DAL PIAZ, 1942), consideringthe unquestionably Alpine age of the Adamello massif (which produced contact metamorphism on Mesozoic rocks) and the particular localization of all these grarutoidbod.ies along very important tectonic lines ofAlpine age (Giudicarie and Insubric Lines),supported an Alpine age for the wholegranitoid alignment.
Radiometric data demonstrated the UpperPaleozoic age of these granitoids (age range280-290 Ma: BoUT et al., 1966, 1972; DELMORO & VISONA, 1982, and unpubl. data),
showing that in geology a very good line ofreasoning (such as that used by the Alpineparty: DAL PIAZ, 1942) sometimes turnsOut to be wrong because a completelyunexpected new .. truth» comes to light.In the case in point, the new unexpectedtruth was the existence of a Hercynian paleoInsubnc Line, which clearly controlled theinjection of the Upper Paleozoic meltS, andwas then significantly reactivated during theAlpine orogeny. It is worth pointing outhere that this important result of large.scalestructural geology was obtained by means ofradiometric geochronologic research.
The above-mentioned age of the Peciaddatic granitoids is not very different fromthat obtained for the Cima d'Asta massif(fig. ,: 274 Ma, BoasI et al., 1974). Similarage values were also obtained for theHercynian part of the Eisenkappel massif.located along the Insubric Line in Austria,across the boundary with Yugoslavia.
All the reported age values indicate thatthe Hercynian granitoid plutonism developedin the Southern Alps and along the Periadriatic Lineament during the Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian, and that it
192 F.P. SASSI, G. CAVAZZINl, D. VlSONA, A. DEL MORO
INNSII!UCK..IQ........
§ Hercyniiln g,aniloids
-
',' COla...... \,fle
• ",fI'"\~o,)~,-
Fig. ,. _ Loo.don of rhe Herc:ynian intrusive bodies,
was preceded by the empl:tt:ement of basicto intermediate rocks, dated at 282 ± 14 Ma(DEL MORO 6< VISONA. 1982) in tht: Bressa·none districr.
Instead, as regards the Hercynian granilOids within /h~ Aus/riJes. they s«m to bevery rare, In fact, these rocks can be recognized only by means of radiometric agedeterminations and not by field observationor petrographic analyses, and only a fewacidic bodies turn out to be Hercynian in age(fig. 5j 262 Ma by BaRSl et al., 1980;289 Ma by KOHLER, fide SOLLNEII. et aI.,1982j 240 Ma by CAVAZZINI, 1983; 248±29 Ma by JAGER & METZ. 1971),
The predominance of relatively young agevalues (in comparison with those found inthe Southern Alps) may be explained by thefact the dated Austridic rocks are mostlyaplites and pegmatites.
The extremely small amount of Hercyniangranitoids within the Austrides demonstratesthat the crustal level rich in Hercyniangranitoids was not yet reached by post-Alpineplus post.Hercynian erosion activities: onlythe uppermOSt part of the Hercynian meta·morphic domain was split open - the part
in which only a few, very mobile, apliticand pegmatitic veins WCtt injected from thehotter (and gf11nitoid·richer) underpart,
As regards the Hercynian granitoidswithin /h~ P~nniJes, we may say that a veryimportant Hercynian plutonism is well recorded. In facI, the core of the TauernWindow consists entirely of Hercynian graniroids (fig. 5), altered into gneisses (theso-called Central Gneisses) by the Alpinemetamorphism. The age of this plutonismis certainly Upper Paleoloic. However, theradiometric chronologic picture is not sodear as initially believed, and complicatedproblems have recently been pointed our(CLIFF, 1981), Considering that the wholeof this very important set of problemsconcerns Austrian (and not Italian) territories, we will not give it further spacehere, but we recommend our readers tobecome aware of these problems by readingCLIFF (1981) and references quoted in it.
1.2.2. Hercynian regional metamorphism
Its two-phase development in the SoUlhemAlps was pointed out nearly twenty years
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTER."': ALPS
INNS8RUCK..
-
E;:;:] "callfdonian glaniloids
Fig. 6. _ L..oc.tion of the main acidic magnuti, bodies (){ «Caledonian.. age.
193
ago (e.g., SASSI & ZIRPOLI, 1968). Recently,radiometric geochronologic data have con6rmed this two-phase development and assigned an age value of 3.50 Ma (correspondingto the Visean according to the time-scaleproposed by OOIN, 1982) to the older phase,and 320 Ma (corresponding to the ViseanNamurian boundary according to the sametime-scale) to the younger one (DEL MOROet aI., 1980, 1984).
It is worth pointing out that t~ age"alues obtained in the Southern Alps agr~
perfectly with those obtained from the LowerAustridic rocks to the north of the TauernWindow by SATIR & MORTEANI (1979).Furthermore, some age values obtained frommicas in Ausuia fall in this range, showingon one hand the significant consistency ofthe regional chronological picture of theHercynian rm:tamorphism, and on the other.the synchronisrr. of the Hercynian rr.etamorphic processes on a regional scale.
Numerous Rh-Sr data from biotites indicate that the Hercynian regional cooling tookplace in the time range 310·300 Ma. Thefact that these age values have systematicallybeen found throughout the Eastern Alps in
the districts which escaped Alpine reworkingshows that no parts of the pre-Permianbasement are known in the Eastern Alps(Pennides, Austrides, Southern Alps) whichescaped the Hercynian metamorphism. Thismetamorphism however was very low-gradein western Carnia and vanishes eastwards.
1.3... CALEDONIA.", .. EVENTS
The contribution provided by radiometricgeochronology 10 the unravelling of pte·Hercynian events is very important. However, in every case this contribution wasthe datation of a geological process whichhad previously been detected by means ofgeologic and peuologic research.
1.3.1. .. CQ1~don;Qn " acidic magma/;$m
During the first stage of this research,geologic and petrologic criteria indicated theexistence within the Austrides of numerousold granitoids, the emplacement of whichmust have been pre.Carboniferous, i.e., suchthat Visean metamorphism 0.50 Ma old)could have affected them. Later, radiometricgeochronology demonstrated the Upper Or-
19. F.P. SASSI, G. CAVAZZINl, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
INHS8RUCIl,..
Fig. 7. - Approximate source areas of mc:tlsedimentary rock umples which supplied Rb/Sr .. Caledonian .. age values.
dovician age of this widespread plutonism- the most imp::lnant recorded in the Austrides of the Eastern Alps. The age rangeis 450-420 Ma (HARRE et al., 1968; BoRSIet al., 1973. 1980; SATIK, 197.1; mosdyRb-Sr isochrons on whole rocks), and 4.50440 Ma if a mo~ ~trictive selection of thedata to be included in the statistical llIlalysisis carried out (SASSI & ZIRPOLI, 1979).
A similar age range was obtained fromthe acidic sheet-like gneis5eS, SOrJK:timescharacterized by an augen texture (ScHMIDT
et al., 1967; HARRE et aI., 1968; SATlR,197.1; BRACK, 1977; BoRSI et al., 1980;HAMMERSCHMIDT, 1981; SOLLNER &
SCHMIDT, 1981; mostly Rh-Sr whole-rockisochrons), These rocks probably representold volcanics (HERITSCH 6< TEICH, 1976;SASSI 6< ZIRPOLI, 1979; HEINISCH 6<
SCHMIDT, 1982), i.e., outpoured products ofthe same acidic magmatism which also produced the above-mentioned abundant plutons.
If the amount of all these melts (emplacedeither in plutonic or volcanic conditions) isevaluated (6g. 6) and the coeval South-Alpineand Austridic porphyroids are also takeninto consideration (BELLlENI 6< SASSI, 1981;REINISH, 1981), this Ordovician magmaticcycle - caUed « Caledonian It acidic magmatism or, better, «Upper Ordovician granite-
rhyolite aSSOCiation It - rums out to beexuemely important, the most importantmagmatic activity recorded in the presentlyoutcropping crustal levels in the wholeof the Eastern Alps. In this respect:, anintriguing piece of information is that agranitoid having a similar age (446± 18 Ma)has also b«n found underneath the Po Plain,in actual fact about 5000 meters belowVenice (Assunta hole, drilled by AGIP in1976).
L3.2. « Caledonian It regional metamorphism
Field data SASSI 6< ZANFERRARI, 1972;BoRSI et al., 1973; PURTSCHELLER &. SASSI,1975) indicate that the above-mentionedplutonic bodies were emplaced in previouslymetamorphosed foliated rocks. Funhermore,it was pointed out (SASSI et aI., 1974) thattbe abundant production of Ordovician acidicmelts cannot have b«n unrelated to aregional thermic anomaly, which must necessarily also have produced a regional metamorphism. Therefore, 6e1d data and theoretical expectations agree in maintaining theexistence of a « Caledonian It ~ontll metamorphism, and in assigning to it a slighdyolder age than that of the Caledonian &cidicplutonism.
Il.ADlOMETIl.IC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTE!t.N ALPS 195
Radiometric geochronology has con6rmedthese expectations. BoRSl et al. (1973)obtained tlK: first signi6cant although notperfectly defined (5« discussion below, intlK: second section of this paper) - agevalue: 497 ± 38 Ma (Rh-Sr whole-rockisochron on paragneisses). Similar valueshave been obtained in the neighbouringAustrian areas by BUCK (1977; 466 ± 166Ma; Rb-Sr whole-rock on paragneisses);SOLLNER & SCHMIDT (l981; 460 ± 30 and463 ± 37 Ma; Rb·Sr whole-rock isochronson paragneisses and migmatites respectively;ca. 460 Ma: V/Pb on zircons). Finally, DELMORO et al. (1984) obtained an identicalvalue (463 ± 18 Ma) from an albite-muscoviteRh-Sr isochron from the Pusteria phyllites(Southern Alps).
All these data (the source area of whichis sketched in 6g. 7) are extremely consistentin indicating that the age of the cCa.ledonian.regional metamorphism in approx. 460 Ma.
lA. THE OLDEST (PIl.E·CAMBIl.IAN) EVENTS
No systematic radiometric data exist, forthe I talian part of the Eastern Alps, concerning pre-Cambrian events. However, it isuseful to summarize here briefly, for thesake of completeness, the presently availabledata concerning the whole of tlK: Easternand Central Alps.
In the Eastern Alps, the pre·Cambrianstage is only indicated by a few radiometricage values and V/Pb data on detrital zirconscontained in the metasediments (paragneisses) from the Silvrtlta Kristallin. Integratingthese data with other zircon age values fromthe Central Alps, major pre-Cambrian eventsproducing zircons may be admitted at 2000,1.500 and 700 Ma.
However, these pre-Cambrian ages haveonly been obtained from isolated zircongrains and not from their host-rocks, whichin all cases turn oU[ to be younger - Paleozoic - in thdr magmatic or metamorphicages. Therefore, neither pre-Cambrian magmatic rocks nor metamorphic rocks havebee:n found in the Eastern Alps.
As regards sedime:ntation, the only preCambrian age which may at present be supposed refers to the sedimentation of theprotoliths of the paragneisses and micaschistsmaking up the bulk of the Austridic ba-
sement: a maximum age value of 800 ±125 Ma has been estimated by ScHMIDT &
SOLLNER (1982), by means of an integratedinterpretation of aU isotopic data availablefor the Eastern Alps.
2. Oiecu88ion of 80me « Caledonian»geochronological problem8
Let us now consider in detail some geochronological problems concerning the « Caledonian» event in the Eastern Alps. Thistopic is proposed here because, in the authors'opinion, it represents the major problem inthe Alps in which geochronology has ~nused, improperly and on a pretext, by someauthors for stocking tlK: fires of unnecessarycontroversies.
2.1. WHAT IS AGE OF" THE «CALEDONIAN»
M.ETAMORPHISM?
The controversy on the age of the «Caledonian If metamorphism will first be summarized and analysed.
As mentioned above, BoRSI et al. (1973)published a Rb-Sr isochron on the Pusteriaparagneisses, specifying that the data pointsfit a fan of parallel isochrons (related to anage value in the rnnge 4'0-.500 Ma) betterthan the calculated isochron value of 497 ±38 Ma.
SATIR (1975) criticized this age result,and reinterpreted BoRSI et al.'s isotopic data,classifying them into two sample subgroups.However, this c1assi6cation is not based onany geological or petrographic ~asoning.
Furthermore, Satir's age data calculated fromeach of these rwo isochrons (3.50 ± 70 and370 ± 134 Ma) are at leasr as meaninglessas the age value proposed by BaRSt et a!.(1973), both from the radiometric (comparerhe spread of the errors) and from the geologic viewpoints.
I t is astonishing to ~alize" that the typeof defect which stimulated Satir's criticism(i.e., the scattering of data points along theisochron) affects mosr of the published anduncriticized isochrons, and very often tlK:spread of the scatter is larger than that whicharoused Satir's sensibilities. If the criteriaused in Satir's criticism are applied to allisochrons published in the world, Rh-Srgeochronology would be reduced to very
196 F.P. SAssr, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
few exceptionally good results, while themajority of them would be accused of beingunreliable and involved in Byzantine andbizarre reinterpretations.
The conclusions are:(I) Satir's criticism is methodologically
incorrect;(11) the age value suggested by BORSI
et al. 's (1973) isochron on paragneisses maintains all its validity as regards the datingof the « Caledonian» metamorphism in therange 500-450 Ma.
The above statements are supported bythe following further radiometric results:1) Rb~SI whole-rock isochron on the Winnebach paragneisses by SOLLNER &. SCHMIDT(1981: 460 ± :30 Ma); 2) Rh-Se whole·rockisochron on the Winnebach migmatites bySOLLNER &. $CHMIDT (1981: 463 ± 37 Ma);J) V/Pb data on zircons from the same areaby SOLLNER & SCHMlDT (1981: ca. 460 Ma);4) Rb-Sr muscovite-albite isochron fromSouth Alpine phyllites by DEL MORO et al.(1984: 46J ± 18 Ma); .5) lastly, if wecalculate a three-poinr Rb-Sr isochron onwhole rock utilizing the paragneiss datapoints published by FRANK et a1. (1976) forconstructing a mixed isochron based on paraand ortho-derivates, an age value of 456 ±24 Ma is obtained (see SCHMIDT & SOLLNER,1982).
All these data indicate that the age of the«Caledonian» metamorphism (ca. 460 Ma)falls close to the age value first reported byBORSl et al. twelve years ago.
2.2. ARE WE DEALING WJTH A MEGACYCLE?
Another important problem related togeochronology is ascertaining whether thepre-Hercynian Paleozoic processes represent'd single event (Le., the «Caledonian» Event)or parts of a long-lasting megacycle (i.e., aPaleozoic Megacycle).
The latter interpretation was proposed byHElNISCH & SCHMIDT (1976) and SCHMIDT(1977). After a period of latency, it seemsto have found new supporters in thatSchmidt demonstrated instead that he wasmore inclined towards accepting the «Caledonian» event (SASSl & SCHMIDT, 1982).
The megacycle idea was based on a statistical analysis of all radiometric data availablein the literature: they cover the whole Paleozoic time range almost continuously. This
result, however, is only obtained if all dall!are included 10 the statistical analysis,whatever the type of isotopic system (i.e.,K-Ar, Rb-Sr, etc.) l!nd whatever the typeof analysed body (i.e., biotite, zircon, wholerock, etc.).
If this approach is extended to postPaleozoic times, we obtain a really sensational result: the Megacycle which beganIn the early Paleozoic and operatedthroughout the Paleozoic prolonged itsactivity during the Mesozoic and Tertiary!
Joking apart, as a matter of fact thegrounds for the megacycle interpretationvanish completely if the statistical analysisis carried out rigorously, i.e., only puttingstrictly homogeneous radiometric data (thatis, those having identical significance) in thesame sample population. SASSI & ZIRPOLI( 1979) demonstrated that, following thisrigorous approach, a clear two-modal distribution of the age values is obtained, consisting of a «Caledonian» cluster of agevalues and a Hercynian one. The age datapublished after SASS} & ZIRPOLI'S statisticalanalysis confirm this result, increasing thestatistical weight of both clusters and makingthe interposed empty space more significant.
Therefore, if our reasoning is kept veryclose to the facts, the megacycle does nOtexist at all or, if it does exist, data fordetecting it are not yet available in theEastern Alps. Currently available radiometricdata indicate clearly that the Paleozoicthermal history (magmatism and metamorphism) in the Eastern Alps is a two-eventhistory, consisting of a «Caledonian» event(magmatism and metamorphism) of Ordovician age (SASSI & SCHMlDT, 1982) and aHercynian event (magmarism and metamorphism) of Carboniferous to Lower Permlan age.
2.3. CHRONOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR- A «CALEDONIAN » REGIONAL UPLIFT
A few lines above, we wrote: Paleozoic·thermal history. However, readers shouldnot believe that the «Caledonian» eventwas only thermal. Indeed, dynamic activityrelated to the «Caledonian» event was reported ten years ago (SAS SI et aI., 1974), andmore recently radiometric geochronology(V/Pb method) has been used for demonstrating tectonic activity in the age range
RADIOMETRIC GEOCtlRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 197
4.5(}.420 Ma (CLIFF, 1980). SASSI &
ScHMIDT (1982) agreed in defining the «Ca·ledonian» event in lhe Eastern Alps as a« tectOnic-thermic» event, thus stressing theimportance of both its components, tectonicand thermic.
Radiometric geochronology supplies anindirect tool for detecting an effect of animportant regional uplift of ~ Caledonian»age. In fact, radiometric geochronoJogy inthe Austrides indicate that:
(I) Alpine gnnitoids only occur in theRensen-Vedrem: di Ries alignment, theemplacement of which was strictly controlledby a tectonic line (6g. 1). This means thatonly Alpine granitoids injected into a veryhigh (shallow) crustallevel outcrop, and thatposl-Alpine ~ion was nOl deep enough10 affect the level rich in Alpine gnniloids;
(11) Hercynian graniloids outcrop onlylocally in the Austrides (fig. 5), and theyare mostly aplites and pegmatites. In this casetOO, only rare and shallow granitoids outcrop,indicating that the post-Hercynian erosionof the Austrides was not deep enough toaffect the crustal level rich in Hercyniangranitoids;
(lIt) «Caledonian» granitoids outcropabundantly in the Austrides (fig. 6). As amatter of fact, the Ordovician crust OUtcropping below the Upper Ordovician to Silurian
metasedimenrs (Le., the Austridic phylliticcomplexes) is abundantly riddled with Ordovician gnnitoids (compare the distributionof acidic magmatic rocks within the Austridesin figs . .5 and 6).
Therefore, Ihe Ordovician crust was deeplyeroded, and this erosion cannot be relatedeither to the post-Hercynian or to the postAlpine uplifts, for the above reasons.
These considerntions are graphically represented in fig. 8, which shows the presenterosion level and the different levels rich invariously aged grnnitoids. The erosion whichabundantly split open the Ordovician plutonicbexfies must have taken place definitely aftertheir emplacement (440-420 Ma ago) but,significantly, before the Hercynian metamorphism (Visean, 350 Ma ago): in fact, thiserosion stage must certainly have been fol·lowed by a burial stage. necessary for theserocks to have been involved in the Vi.s6mmetamorphism, as radiometric data demonstrnte.
2.4.« CALEDONIAN» OR CADOMIAN?
A final remark deals with the possibilitythat the processes considered above as.. Caledonian. are instead Cadomian (orAssynthian).
DAVLINE
A
B
c ...:.:..... : ::.. . . . .
··...·.·.·.....·........
A
B
c
•;.;.; Alpine gril.nitoids ( ..30 Ma)
l2i!l Hercynian gril.nitoids ( .. 260 MOl)
1+ ++1 ·Caledonian- gril.nitoids (..420- 450 Mil)
Fig. 8. - Schematic represemation of the variously-I#d granitoids in the Aumides. - AA: pcesenterosion Icvd; BB: level rich in Hercynian granitoid bodies; CC: levd rich in Alpine granitoids.
198 F.P. SAS SI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
First of all, it should be noted that theuse of the term .. Caledonian. only aims atindicating a given time range-that in whichtrue Caledonian event look palce in theCaledonides. Any causal or spatial ~Ia
rionships between Oroovician evolution inthe: Eastern Alps and the Caledonian eventin the Caledonides is Dot implicit in ouruse of the term «Caledonian _ inserted, asit is here, ....·ithin quotation marks.
VAI (1975) maintains that a Cadomianhypothesis is more weU-founded than a« Caledonian» one. However, a detailedcomparison of the age values from theEastern Alps with the true Cadomian andthe true Caledonian values led BaRS1 et at(1975) to reject Vai's view and to confirmthe « Caledonian» interpretation.
More recently, discussing the «Caledonian»age values from Central Europe, DoRNSIE
PEN (1979) considered them as Cadomian,partially rejuvenated by the Hercynian event.
Two main objections are to be madeagainst Dornsiepen's hypothesis, after havingrecalled that; (I) a partial (Le., incomplete)rejuvenation is expected to produce randomscatter of data points in the isochron diagrambelow the original isochron line, i.e., withinthe field between the original line (isochronof 6.50 Ma in our case) and the isochronline corresponding to the younger rejuvenating event 0.50 Ma, in our case)i (11) a newalignment according to a pseudo-isochroncould only appear occasionally, as a randomand rare IUJUJ.
With these premises, the objections are:
I) Why should the assumed partial rejuvenation have procluced new alignments of
the data points in the isochron diagrameverywhere, Le., the less probable result?
2) Why do the unexpected new alignmentsnOI correspond to several, t'1lI1dom agevalues in the range 6.50-3.50 Ma, but inevery case fit isochron lines systematically corresponding to Caledonian age va·lues?
10ese objections are sufficient to discreditthe Cadomian hypothesis definitely. Wecould also add the observation that geologicalevidence for a Cadomian event is completelylacking in the Eastern Alps: therefore aCadomian hypothesis in this region is completely arbitrary, because it has no directsupport, either radiometric or geologic. Onthe contrary, the «Caledonian l' hypothesisis not only based on a rich set of well-definedradiometric data, but also on numerous geological indications. Furthermore, the UpperOrdovician age of the « rhyolite·granite as·sociation. is not only based on radiometricdata, but also on strictly consistent biostratigraphic datations, which indiC'3te that vol.canism ~rtainly look place in the UpperOrdovician (FuJS &: ScHONLAUB, 1976), andnot in pre.Cambrian times, as the Cadomianhypothesis would imply.
Ad:"owl~dl.~"u,m. _ 'The presenl r~h wasfinancially supported by lalim C.N.R. (Cemro diStudio per i Problemi dell'()rogeno delle Alpi Orienali, Padovaj. Mm)' thanks are doe 10 Prof.G. FEU"",,,, for the critical reading of the manuscriptand to Mr. P. AOOSTINt and Mrs. G. GIACONI (lstitoto di Geocronologia e Geochimica Isotopica ofthe C.N.R., Piu) respectively for having drawnthe figures and Iyped the long rabies.
PRESENTATION OF THE TABLES
In order to obtain directly comparabledata, three types of standard tablu werecompiled, one for each of the three radiometric methodJ. When neceJSary, isotopicparameters and age values were recalculatedby using the recommended duay constants(.iTEIGER. and JAGER., 1977). HOl«IJer, suchrecalculation was not possible in Jome cases,when the used valuu of the decay conJtantswere not mention~d in the PQpus.
The·numerous Rb/Sr and K/Ar data wereaJSembled foflowing different criteria. Rb/Srdata firstly were divided according to thestructural geological units to which theybelong: three large groups of data (SouthernAlps, Austrides and Pennides) were thusobtained. Inside each of these three groups,data were further assembled conJideringboth the geographical location and the agerange. A.r regards K/Ar tables, these werecompiled on geographical base only.
RADIOMETRIC GEQCHRON"OLOGY ,. THE EASTERN ALPS 199
TABLE IU/Ph illlalvtical data
~.Ilo<k 1'00 S.."I••. 0<. "~ .. ~ Pb"'t~
.... .'. ....<'Olp. ,." 207'b
.,.... '"" ..., ,..'''" ~ V2T• ....
st T.""", Wl .....1... IIt_ C 6JI6 ., ". ." ..
" '" ... 31'~1
" ., 1~18
a,.t". '090" G 1..1 " "" •• "'.".11<
" 3JIl "." 28SJ .," .m ,•." "" m
lll!.IO
" - m
" ". illS
" 020J ..." m8 12Jl
FoH.tt<l '" " "" 1018!l'".... I... lto
" ,= ".Cr..... IOTIII' '" " 1812 ,~
,oh.
" 22~1 ..tIo....'.hl' " 8.oJ ." 18.60 lS.60 f1. 91 ..I_I,,, •• 93.11 11.2' IS. '10 16.n f9.~ m
• " 12.86 18.<9 lS_"6 •••Cll"", . '" fl. fl IS. SO 'S.19 38.S9
Cll"", . 1. It fl;.o~ '8_ Il 15.6l la.ll "" ... ,.. 18.fS 15.64l ""• ... ~. 12 18.03 16.61 :Ill.<O.. 18. <I f.81 18.64l 11.62 :Ill."00"...1-Iloo......
T.....l" "'. 28(l " \118 •• IUS.6 8S .29 I~. /1 oI!J.!1) ~IS fl'.!1O "gco.lll, .".11<T.... llll'll""I.. a l/f " 130_S 60.2 IO':J 12.6l In.15 .10.!IS C86.!lt 5'O.!2S
TABLE 2K/A, analytical d a t a
IlDck ,_S.."I••. IIltorl.\ " 'OA, nl .11t "JA, nl~ ~. .,
[0'..... Hms
s..,1t " • ,. 1.68·10-< " <1!.l.Sl ..... " il<P:< ,. 1.10·10·< " 35.!II,o<"y" • .. •• 1.20·10'< " ""1'«"yll' <,.le. • .. 6_ 01 1.~.10'< " J2!.'1..,,,,,1, dyI<. .. .. 6.1t 1_13·W· " 1~1
lr""yt< .. • 3.19 1_30-10·' .. 32.!1
I .."". " .. ••• 1.31-W' " l~1
1''''1>,,, " .. 6.01 1.10·10·< " ""fIlI,-oll .. " • <.96 I.lIi·IO·o • J,!:1fIlI,-ol1l_ " • 'N 1.3l-10-< " 3l.!IIIhyolll' " .. ... 1.33.10·< .. 31.!1
• ,. '.11. Ilr f .. J1.1fIlI",lltlc .,t_ " • 3_72 1.28-lir· • 12.!'/od_1l0
...11. t<>l .... 9.....1OT11. .," 7.SB 11.6 ·10·! "'.
~
I_Htl, 9" ..... I.dU MO " 1.69 1./6·10·' " ".!I~"'ro.u .1 _I ••
....""'ltl' p<gIoI'I" Mlf·1S • ~.01 _If.l0·· • "" "...."",111, p....... IU Mlf·l~ • 1I. !S _~I·W' " 11.!1Too,Hu Ml'·Q " ••• ,(l6. 10·' " 16.!1T_llu "'10-60) " ,. I. 011· 10"' oo 21.!1
DlOOl 81("") ,.. 1.11.'0.6 7S.S •• "01001 .. '" S.~3·10·6 71. B 29_'.,'" 1.07.10.6 31_ 1 32. f
1.13.10.6 SI.8 31. I
200 F.P. SASSI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL "'lORQ
TAB/.E 2 (CQntillueJ)K/Ar
~.~ :-1••. ",ud.l " OIl.... <f. all, ."~ ~. .,.
~'-Zl._...... •. " c..•.•S • J. SI '.M·l0·· " ."-...... 110.,.1. at< • ,.. 1.'4·10""' • ,._.001.. ta........1t • •• ,.'H~ • .."'lUllt.. I\o'ea.'" )I • J.61 '.'12-'0-' • '".'<Ht.. .'<0111.. 100 • 3.61 '.12·lIr" " '"",.<..t.. ""UOlt.. lOJ • ,." t.ll.10-· " '"-..
n •• I.tl • ....;.JO"" • "'"" •• I.il 9."·W· • m~
__-l••po'-.-"_1...1".....,... • • Ut l,n·lo-) • "'"Q>_~'I<_h. on • '.. t.lO-IIT) • "'",,"-_.,.<_1.. - " '.M Ll'.!O"' " "'"Gr..I~_lorlt<l ,." .." 1.1'·Hr3 • ."",,_..1<.
'" " l.'l '.11·1lr'4 • 191.::'"'"..,__...u ,. " ••• 1.11'111"3 " "'"Cr.., ..... ,-"_I..t.. I 11' " '.1' t.l'O-Jr' " m~Cr..I ..~__It.
'" " 1.1l I.JI·lr" " 1"~rOJ'lH.. ,.... t •• '" " .." 1.IO·lIr3 • "'" "ft..u .. ,..... to "" " • l.~lrl • ''':3
~_11.....1_ ,.._,...... .. " ,." ".2 ·W5 1~1
r,oo .... ,......_ ....tu .," ••• 15.' .10-5 .a~
11••ltle _,10. •• " ,." " .10-5 .-_IUc_,'" ." • ,.. "., .10.5 lSo1:=:S
~ T-....Wl_
"'-1'--"-,,, • " ..., •. 93-1D-' • " .:: .5 "• ,-" 1."-10-6 " lJ,~ .5
"'-'" ,. .. ,n S.83·10-6 • n.2.:: .5
• '.m 1.51·10-6 " ~.'!. .5
,..t""1I" M" .. I. If 1'.fl·10·. M '1, • .::1
Ih~,"_...t .. ~ .. ••• I.W·l0·· " " "eo._ ""'"-,.. Clll .. ..i9 5.'11;'10-6 • n .:: ,511·_10. "" .. •. 11 5./0'10-6 " rI,'!. .5
tt-who ,,~ .. '.M S.[I9·10-. • 21.1.:: .~
"'11<1< wh. m " I. 12 5.S)·10·· " 11.!:!.1It_ro,..tl .. Uti .. I. 10 5.~·lD"6 .. 11.1.:: •It_GMI" ".. .. 1.01 5.11.10-S " 17.1.:: ••It_GMt.. 1151 " 1.11 '.Sl·10-6 " I~,I,:: •11-Gnoh. 115' .. Ul 4.61'10-6
" " , .,IlI-~<!llOt CUI • I.I~ 7.46 10.6 .. " "IlI-lcMn ". • '.M 7.04.10-6 " " .:: ,S
""·Ot·Wo'" "" • 1.14 7.IS·10·6 " 11.1.::1
IlI-DoloOuorult. '" • 7.67 6.4S·10't " " .:: .5
"'''''Mot nu • 1.19 1.21·10-· " " "c..'IlI-j,(.", '" • 6.97 4.86'10-6 • 17.1.:: .S
.'-_It.. lt .. M" _14D-1O) .111 1.89·10-6 • '" .::1 !1./4,10-6 • ~ .::10
_IIlH2O) ... , .•1'10-6 M ,."_tboll •• "" .......11O·IZGI " 1.61·10-6 • ,."_,bolt .. - _110·1201 .M' ).44·10'6 • •. 1.::1, I
..... 'boll.. ~ ......18D-1201 ,. 1.11.10-6 " M.'!.1.J
......'bolt .. = ilopOIllO-1201 " . ... ·10-6 " ".,.2.2
_t""1t .. ". "'1·H~1 ... .Jz.l0-6 " ».'.::U
0;,..'" OCIItot m' M •• • .r " 11.5.::f ......,.nt .. un • ..~ 1-1;'·10-6 " 11. f.:: .5
(.01<-,00.'11.. W • ).U 1.6.)'10-6 • 11.1.:: .2
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 201
TABLE , (con/in/led)K/Ar
Itoo:;~ tyot Supl. ,. ""tod.I " 0Ill1.r ...1/9 ;(JA. ~ ~. •••1.1
sw Tau..." VI""...
1_11\1< 9""10 " " 1. &1 I I3. 4 · IO"~ .. '" "." .1~4 11)01.9 · 10-1 " m ".119 .., · 10.1 " '" "1_11,1, g",it. " " ,.. 1(I5.~ 'Ill""~ • '" "., .S1l2 " ·w1 • ~
",. .. · Hl"" 1 " '" "1_11,1, 9"'it. " " '" e) .6 · 1,,1 " 18,9,: ·.1_lItl, 9",H. " " 1.6\ ., · 10-) " 19.6~ ·.I_H,I, 9"'1" .. " ,. ., ·10·1 " 2D.1~ .,
• 1.el 1l.5 .10. 1
" 13.i!. ,lon.Htl, 9".H. • " 1.5\ ".. . ID"1 " 16.1.:. ,..,..".I ....H. ,,,
" 7.01 14.1 · ID"' • 16.6.:. .,1Ia,."I ....1t. ~ " 1.13 1~.1 '10-/ "' 16.6.:. .,'_Hthod Aug<1l' n ..oc'l".I .. • " ,.. 13.9 .10"1 " 19.1.:. ,"'!JC'1 I n.,..--i>, • " 1. ]J 63.4 ·10" " lU.:. ,"'!It' I n ...rgnel» " " 1.10 ., .10·' " ll-l.:. ,..,11\1< 9""'" " " /.16 .., ·10·' • 10. i!. ,..,Htl, 9,,"H. ~ " 1.91 ., .10-1 " lU.:. ,!.pH'I, 9.,.H. .. • ,. 13.1 · 10-1
" " " ·,!.pHtle w•• lt. • " ,. ~I. ~ · 10-1 " " "
·,V T...... vl.-
G••,I\1, """I.. tAIl 816 " 8.11 UI6·10-6 /O.~~ .." "G",1ti, '1"'11" tAIl 81 I " •• l.l9·10-6 1l./9 " "" (%1) &,&1 3.85.10-6 61.ll 1'.6.:.1
••• 3."·10"6 ","I(~) " .M·W6 19.10 " .... .14.10·6 "" 11.18 19.M'W6 "" 00.8,:1
Gr.oltle 11"01.. ~., .. 8.el 6.66·10·& n.ll .. "" \.16 1.15'10-6 61.9 " ••.....olti' grIOl .. ... 411 " 8.14 I.S~·10-6 /9.•• n "C.I«rooo. OI1ca","''' (Alj 1318 • , .. 8.03.10. 6 /6. 11 " "" ,. 4.41·10"6 61.63 1/. /.:.1
.......,.. ... I•• ·An...... I..bi....l
p.,.gneh, U.1319 • 6.61 9.11'10-6 Be. l' .. " "'10"\. !l""1.. U. 1310 " 1.1< 1.4'.10.6 H. I. " "Loucog".itl, gne ... ,,'" "'(>. 'I) e. 91 61.1B·1O·6 BI.IS '" " "G".H.I. 9"<1.. I 11~ \M(>.Il) • 5S.]J'10- 6 91.6\ '"~ ~G".Hol' '1""1.. I 1141 "'(.15_,41) 8.91 34.Bl· \0"6 ." .. "Gr••it.l. 9".1>. I Ilel \I!(>.lJ) 8.114 lB,01·\O"6 SIl.11 .. ~l.6
lOuCO<Jc••ltlc ']<IOj» 1 12'lB 1101··03) ••• 21,1'·10·& 11. II n "'''''09·.,1\10 gMl» T 11'1'1 "'I> .Il) •• 1',01·10-6 1/." ".,
''''O'J•••H1, gnt1.. I 1301 "'(>.43) B./~ '1'1. so· 10'6 ".. '" ,:1 IlOuCog....HI' '1""1.. I Ill~ "'(. I~-. 41) B.69 19,5I·IO·~ ••• "' .:.H,_,."itle _1.. I UI~ "'(> .43) •• 18,\.8· 10-6 Bl.11 " .:.3.1
L."'''9,."I''e pi" • "" l!'1(>. '3) 8.13 11. 'lB. 10"~ &6.31 .. .3.1
G"o". 9"01>, \349 " ••• 19.69'10·& 40. tl 16.•.:.5 ""-"('U'IO.) 19.49.10.6 84.61 51.'.:.2.6
...." •• I..-pt~tlt< 116' "'.11-.'3_ 8.11 1/,61'lD"6 61.10 • "U'''O'J"oltl' !JIIOI» IIII ... >.30_ 8.89 29.41· 10.6 91.11 "' .:.3.1Au_h. 15~' "'(80:1·\00) 'l. 'I 21.(I5·W6 11. ss S6.3~1.a '"",,(lOO-ZOO) 8.9/ 1'.911·10-& 61.10 53.3.:.1.5
Au~!l""I .. IS~I "'(IDIHilO) •• 21.62·10"6 Be.81 &0.1.:.2Au9oopl .. "" \11(60_110) 9.11 29.48·10"& 9Ul eo.'~2.6
lf1(8(l-IOO 9.1' 24.00'10"6 91.'3 H.7.:.1.1
"'(lOO-lOO) 9.31 19.63'10"6 91.oB 53.1.:.1.1
.......og<>o, .. n" II (80·100) 1.11/ 8.24.10"6 ~.'I 16.1.:. .'1
...._1>, n" 11(a:l·lOO) 1.19 &.1&·10"' /1. 01 n .:. .'1
"'(\OD-15O) 9.10 10.98'10'& 11.41 JO.~U
202 F.P. SASSI, G. CAVAZZ1NI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
TABLE 2 /conlinutd)K/Ar
JIo<~ ,,.. ~I••. "" ••t.1 ea... roI 01/• .... ~ ~. .,.
"""-,.. 1_11. ,.. ~~-tG1 Ut 11."·10~ 1f.14 ~.'!.u...-, ,.. 17.,.·10-' 11.(1;1 4t.t:!.u...,.'t<lc ........... I.. ." • ,.. 4.(6'10'" .. '" "...,..,ttlc ..........., .. ... • ,.. UJ-J0-4 n ,.
"0.......,.". ~ " ,.. 11-"·10)-4 ..' m "OrtIIofooh. ..... " '.n ".19'10-' '1. 1 "'OrtIIofooh. .", " '.n u.n·\o-' ••• n'• ." 1011."'10-' .., '"
.~ ., ... 0.11'\0-' ••• ~
.....",
OrUoopoh. m,. • ,.. JO.J 'lo-' ••• ar.l:!.' .." ••• 1I.1 ·lo-' •., n.l:!.J
_n._t.. ~,- • I.IU JU'lo-' ••• • • ..'"'-' ..UIdot.. ..... IlOI • ,.. 5.1 '10-' ••• • "• ,.. ~.I .10-' ••• • "" '.M ll.lS.IO·1 IU lS.~!.J.I
"'_. "u«IIh' _Il~ • ,. n...·lo-I ••• • "" I.n D.I!;·lo-l '1.1 " ""'_. "UIdoIo. LW 11~1 • I.U lS.J .10~ 11.11 IU:".I
" '.11 lO.DI-10~ .., 19.':=".1
...,.".. _11&1 • ••• Jot.o .1".... IJ.I • "• ••• ll.1 ·10-' .., • "• ••• tt.1 -10-' .., R.,:".O
, ••_1.. _11. • I.II!; tt.1 ·1.... .., " "" '.11 2t.I ·1.... '.' ,."" '.11 tt.l .IO~ ••• ,,,"• t·.....«o1o. LW 11:14 • './1 u., .1..... ••• .. "" I.n IJ.S _I.... 11. I .. ""","-t.. ..... '" • •• 1l.1 ·IO~ ••• • "" 1.11 IJ.2 'IO~ ••• .. "0rtl\0tI00 I.. .....11. • ••• ilL! .10.6 ••• ., !.It
" 1.'1 42.4.10.6 .., '" "" ,.. 00.' '\0"6 ••• ,."0rU0t0"< IS. ..... 1141 • 1.1' lI.' '10.6 11. I ".~!J.I
" •• 1&.1 '10.6 'I. I II.~!).O
~I.. ..... 1121 • 1_01 .... '10-' ILl • •" 1.03 n.1 .10.6 11.• • "' ....9"010. .....IIK • 1.01 ••• .10" ••• m "00"..1 " •• ~1.6 . 10.6 ••• ". "Ilo"t'·olo,I""I'" 9"01.. ". 11(6llIl-llXIl 6.61 14'~'W6 .,] ,
'1(6llIl-llXI) 6.1l 14.61·WI ••• lill.1!.1.
'lo,I"·ol.,t""I... i<>Ot .. '" 11(100-&00) 6." 14.,2'10.6 ••• M.I!.I.
"'(6(10.&00) 2.6' 1l.'I·IO-1 ••• "' ""'('OIl-!(l(I) '.M 11.&1'10.6 •• ,. ••......1.1,,. bto,t..• m 1!('(l(I·l(l(I) , 10ll.1 .10.6 ...]pl.,t.<1••• ..-1.. 1!(OQO.lOCI) '.M 101.3 '10.6 11.• ... "'1"' ..·pl.,t""I... ..-t.. '" 11(6(10.0(10) 6.10 31.'3'\0"6 •., '" "11(0(10-200) 6.IS 1S.IlI·W6 • '" ""'(6(10.0(10) 'M \3.24.10.6 .. '" ""'(4(II-lOCI) 1.11 6l.lS·IO-6 11.' m """coo'" ....1.1< ..-1.. m "'(600-_) 1.1' 5,.n·10~ ••• ,.
""'(4(11-200) 1.1' 54.!>O-IO·1 .., ,."D'..... '" 1/I(6lC1-OIXI) . 111 lZ."_IO-6 ••• •• ""(00Cl-200) .'M 12.31'10-6 n .• '" •lIl(lOG-l00) .m Il.ll·l.... 11.6 o• •111(100431 .•m 1I.3lI·10~ n.' ~ "1Il( 'il) .m II.n·to-' ••• -"Ot..... '" 1Il(6J'1-!IOO) 3.1" 1l.ll!i·10·· ..]
"(IlO-IOll) 3.136 12_01-1.... .., lU!.I.2
"('lO·lOll) 1l.lIHo-' '.-'1(1lO-1Oll) ,n ZZ.I'·lo-' •.. ] a.1!.1.• t(llO-lOO} ,.. n.~·lo--I •••
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 203
TABLE 2 (conlinul'dlK/Ar
!<x. tJ'p<! SOOI'\. ". ",tec,.1 " "OAr nI _1/9 IIllA. rll ~. r"'f.,,'
WR{OOO_ll~) Z.06\ 8. [,0. 10-6 gl-3 '" ~1.l
I<R{ZOO-IOO) 'm 6.~1·10-6 91.~ '02.6:!cl.J
0""'" '"~ wR(6Jll-SOO) .~ '5.60.10-6 " ..,"WII(OOO-ll~) .~ 15.5'·10-6 .,]
WII(000_3\~) .~ 1~.§9·1O"6., .n
"W(OOO-l\l) IS.6t·l0-6 91.6"(200-100) .., 1•. ~I·l0-6 9l.9 ..,
"',o"t.-pl'9'Q<I... ~h. '" "(WOHOOI ••• 56.19.)O"6 n.o n. " n"\000-1001 ••• 6~.71·10"6 ., m ""'(000-/001 ••• '8,31-10-\ .,]"'(lOO-lOO) ~.Il ".71.10-6 9 I. 7 "' ""'(lOO-tOO) 6. Il
Granod' ..., .. "' "(lOO-lOO) 7.16 101.3 ·,o-~ 9Z.6 '" ~Au,..,,...,.. HI • t(6(I(1-<00) 6. ~• '1.2S·'0-6 ., '" "'t(lOO-tOO) 6.6\ ".8l·W6 .., ,. !.l""(lOO-ZOO) 8.3t 10l.t .10- 6 .,] ~ ""'(lOO-ZOO) 8.ll 10l.1 .'O-~ 92.7
"!/O"~'",. "(lOO-tOO) 7.28 62.61.10-~ ••• m ""(~-lOOl 7.n 67.SO·W6 91.9 '" """(600-000) 8.10 l00.~ ·W" 91. , ~ ..
""(OOO-WO) 8.'0 61.1 ·w7 "., '" "Ohl><.. m 1rlI(600-5OO) "' ~.15·10-1 ..] '" "1<R(6OO-5OO) .516 16.lt·l0-7 ••lIH(<oo_,15) .516 ~.16·10-7 .., '" "1<R12W-'00) .m 54.35.10- 7 87.1 '" "0".... '" 1/Il(600-SOO) .~ 19.81·)O"7 93.7] .,
"WIl(60ll-5OO) .l\8 39."'.10- 7 93.7
1/Il(<OO-31~) .3\8 38.9J·l0-1 S9.' ,,,"lrlI(lOlJ-IOOI . '15 SO.10'10- 7 ••• '" "a...... lllA WIl(6l(l-1001 ., n.'" '0.7 9l.8 Il0_7~1.~
WIl(ooo-mJ ... 12.ll·1O"1 9l.9 1Z1.7!1.~
I<R(ZOO-IOOI ., 68.3"10""' 89.1 m,'!1.601 ..... JIlI 1<R(63O-'00) "' 50.36-10- 1 91.0 9S8!1.1
WIl(000_3\\1 1.181 ".51_'0_1 ••• ".9!1.'1<R(2oo_1ool 1.2l8 '9.12.10-1 •• 91,'!.l.1
TABLE 3Rb/S, analytical data - SOUTHERN ALPS
110<. '1PO 5....1••. f'.ltorl" • o. .,- SIr.b/86S. {~ISr/Us'I_ (8IS./865d, ~. R.f.
t,i"_", """''", 1Io..."tt",,,, Hill."",..,It. "" • • ~ ,. .1028 .1028
<OIHO..." "" • • ". • 1'9 .70n .10ll
'otit. er oz • .. ", ,. .70l6 .IOJS
'''<"1'' C£ llj • '" "' .8/1 .IOJ8 .10llI"e"y.. Cl: 116 • '" m 1.580 .100l .1035
'roe"1'" " " ". .035 _70l2 _70ll
Ir"'1'" et 113 • ,. '. .., .- .103'AI •• " RhyolH.. CC 11' " "
., .., .1035 . /(11\.I ••H ...",11" "" • ,.
~ 1. 21' .10l' .m.P.r<lHctc
"" • '" • '9.180 .1121 .103'."."-rfIyo' It.II<p/I011"ltl, ....a " • • ". .., .10tS ".',hrotrltt, ....H M10) • • ,w ., .10ll ""
204 F,I'. SASSI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
TABLE J rcnnlinlltdlRh/Sr
Ilo<k tJllO loolIl••, IIOtt,h' 0- "- e1llb/a6s, ("~~'l. {11S"Ns'h ~. ..._.." ... tt ...g:_4O • '" ••• ".. .. 1".:. ," ••itt 1-51-11 • .. H'f.! ,. .mer..ltt HI-K • ~ 11.' 139.' 1. 161 UO.:. •er•• I", .·0 • 1111. 11.0 - '.M U'.:. 'er...", I-Gli-' • "' "., It.1 .~ f"':.1t
" ml ... .." '.M f~'
"_I", I-Q-IGI • M ••• ••• .m
" '* ".. Ill.S 1. 1111 !~ ,
" ..I'" 1-5'1-10 • m In.l •• .m
" '" D.' ,., .0' Ill.:. 'r.,•• m .., •• .~ I~I-,. ...... Oh "
,. ".0 "' f.OlO ""."..,,,, •., r.I•• ., "., 03.' .w ~11_.. I e-r-.II
" ", D.' "., .". ZJO:.:.I!,-...1", 1 ..,,.1. 'K " ,. "' "., .11' nl.:.',
" '" 3'.' 0.' .- ""' '-...10. 1 ,.... t.o<t.
" •• O • D.' .1" m,:..u0
" - ".' ".. .- ~u_..... 111 " - ••• U.I .111 !61.:. 1
-...1.. L·' " - ".' •• .- rJll.:.ll...,. H " m 1'.1 ,~, l.llO Ul..:. 1...,. ... n. " '" 0.' "., .111 t<l..:.ll...,. .~ .. 'H ••• II.! .~ f3S,:.lf-,. ~, .. •• Ill.O ,.. .m_.• ". " ". II.~ ." '-- U'.:. 'r.I~. ., II.t "' .m lM,.:.1l
GI"..I .. ,~ .. - "., 11. ~ ."' U'.:.1l
" ,- 1l.1 ~. I.III l)l,:. 1
,.l~. ., >.• n .• .m n,.:."GI"••'''' 1-(;{-1l • •• ".. "., .111 Ul.:.ll"..,.. I_~l_" • ", ".0 H.' .". m.:. I
" ••1.. I;T_lU • ." '~.J n .• .," lIt.:. ,
"'.1 .. "'''-51 • ~ .., 195.l 1.:!!il Ul.,!. 1
"..,.. I;'-ltl • m l~_l "., .- nl.,!. ,
~."'tt '"' • .. ~, ...~"""
~. • " .1~~ ..." ••1.. 1·"-lO • 8. \1 .'m .JOll
Ibu..lt. .·,,..11 • ." '''' .~.'to.... ll. 1·111 • " .1~1 .""S....I .. 1·180 • " .1100 .I~'
s....". I· \lO • " ..'" ./000
-...II. • .,. .1010',Cutoll•• , • ••""",,,,,". • • • ..'" .-C.,,",,oH
101",1.. ,.. • ." . lQ!j1 •••_.,"""'''''0'''' .. " '" l •. 1 \1.01 .Illl UI,:.I
_,"' ...1" .. " ". t •. ' 1'.6J .- !ll.:. I
••• > " - 11.0 '1.'S .Ino 114.,!.1- " " - ".. 11.111 .,'" !4J.:.l1
01 ...1.. '" " '" .t.• "." ..- !41~
01..., tt '" " '" 31. • S/.~ ..,'0 fH.:.'
Sj'IOltl< .,... H ",. D.' <6.lo .- !l~.:.'- " • .. ." .ft .JOll.... • • • .~ .. .~- m • " - .ft .~- ~ • • ". • -
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 205
TABLE J (cQnlinu~Jl
Rb/Sr
-- \.0001••. '.....1.. 0- .,- """", (1Is.-..-s.,- Ills.-~h ~. •••
- • " • ~ .n .-- " " " un ." .~,- .. 0 .. '" .. .-_,...,1< .. 0 n. '" .. .-_tanto • 0 • ,., .. .-_'''''to ., 0 ~ ... .. .101'.~. ... 0 ,,, 111. .. .M'~'t" .,.. ,.,
" m ~ '.n .-~'\" oil"' 1_100 0 ,.
~ ,." .111$
"....,.. " 0 ",. .. .-lo.,.'.o 11___ • " • '" .. .-_.001' ...,.. • " ,. ~ .. .M'
_HlIo'olCl ,. 0 '" n, ,. ./lil
'"Ill". SIO-ISl 0 n. '",,, .Ill'
H,. S"I..
GI'"....I••U. V' .. '" l.!l l/l.DI t.t., m~'"'"..... I••H. v, .. ". 1.01 lll.ll t.ll. Itl!. t
1,.tW< _"t. V' .. •• l.ll Sll . ., 1••m 1I8:!c t
..."'..",. -".. V" • n" I. 11 IStt.~ 1.\1911 IU!. t
~
1_'.. .. 0 ,. ,n .." .,~
,,-,I.. '. 0 ,. • n .• .-GI'".....'...lI« .... ,to ~ 0 ... m '.0 .m~
"'"-'.... ll' ,..... ,to ... " ... ,. 1.10 .11"",_,...,tI, ,..001.. ., 0 ,. .. Z." .•tol
.I10l!.' l16:. •_'tI<_Ito ." 0 '"
,. l." .~1..1< 0J'I.0 ... 0 ... m ,." .IIS11_,.. ~ .11 0 m • If_1O .11""-"" 1Il:.1ll 0 '" '" '.. .-"'IUl, ,....., .. ... 0 M • •• 'M-" .. .. ,. ••• M.' I.U. 1·11011 .....""-,,,,,, ~ .. ~ .." •• I.UfS (.11011 181~ ~_,....1< ." .. ~ tl.ll llt.9< I.m' 1·1101} lR!.'O-,..,.. ·, .. on ••• m." t.lotlIl (.ItOll lII~ I
!!.!I!!!.",-,,,,,,,-,,,,,. n' 0 ". .., ,n
"~1'""'..-.0-_,...,.. on 0 '" ~ 2.ll ./laMI........, .. n" " m .. It.lD .-tor_lO"" '" 0 '" '"
,. . IlIt
;""".·;"l_'''''to .. 0 ... ,.. ,." -'littio-'.".-GI'",_,,,,,,. '" " ,.. n. ,.. .1111
' .......,,1< .,.h I '11 0 ,. m 1. IS . Ill!./O/~. :101:. I
'_t,t" 'y," 1 Ill! " ~ '" .." .1))1
Apl'to I UJl. • 'n ,.. •• .'MGl"",..... tio-._'... Ito 1 Ull, • ~ '" ••• .,m,.....,.. I U1I1 0 m .. •• .lIlttio-••,..-Gl"._,....,..
'" .. "' ,. 112.!iO 2.111/ (./019) '''!. •",o".oGr,_,,,,,,, ,u " •• 19.81 lll.1'!i I.ll~ (.1019) 26.!.11"....,...,.. '" " '" U.11 11.41> .,~ (./011) .....,,"oltooGr_'...,to .. " * 1I.!iO 101.40 1.0/1' (./'01t) !S1:.1)Gr.. ,IO'-Gr.... ,... ,I< [ XIf .. ." ~.., 141.000 l.loOOt (./'019) Il':."
~",_...1\1, ....t .. ~ "
,.'" '.Y .nll
_1...111,_1.. ". " ,. '" ,." .-,,_I...tlt< _,,, " 0 '",. ,.. .no
"'_'....U'_l.. on 0 ,. ,n ,." .nu"'_10.-111',.....' .. m 0 ,. .., ,.. .- ./Ofl!. ~ lt1!. •
_1..-1", ,..oolto • 0 ,. '. t.14 .111/
206 F.P. SASSl, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
TABLE J (cQnlinut!J)Rb/Sr
~.- S-l••. ....... t" .~ .. ~ ".,..,. CI1Sr..-s.-l.. l~1$r..-s.lt ~. ~.
_1...t.k .....U. - ~ '" ,. Ul .1It''"....,....,..• 11"
~ '" '" ." .1l11..Itu .......lItt.
• III A ~ '" • "m .~,.....tu..It" • 011
~ ,. " ll." .~
....It'" • un ~,. .. II.'\CI .1S79 JGr_,...htc .....u. ... ~ ,. m 2. ,~ .1l1S
Iir_t..... w " "' ,.. l!>t." ,.... l.'OU} lllO::lI".oo,lt.tee ". " ~ ••• 1".1' UKlo "" 'Gr._t,o'l" n " ., '.M l/US I.-OJO "" '1Or........... '" " ~ U.11 OS. 11 .'11'0 "".............1.. ... " '" ••• HS.16 1.~J 2119.: S
~" • • m ," .,m~l .1O'~1 "1IIl·ll • " m " .'_:.2 .~
Go~~h.. I ~'.,I\.. m·. • '" '" ,. " .I' "!.l .,~
PIHO • ., ,,, ," .,,11:' • 111)8
81HZ ~ " '" .0 ,"00;2 .~,... ~ ", ,. ,." • /126;<~ ~ '" '" us ,1111;'
'" ~,. ", ,. .7111;'.. ~ '" m '.n .n1:1!" .1l02!:,
~ ~ ,.'" 1.<2 .11~'
er_l...t ... I v ..it.. ... ~ '" '" ,." .1111;S .- tR:H~ ~ '" 'm ,. .,...,. ._~
m ~ ,. m ,." .n'~l .""'~= ~ ,. ,m J.IS .~l .1102:-,.. ~ *,. ..s, .,..,.
* ~ ,. m 3.10 .ml!.l
fm,.~ ,. m.' '.H
"":1Fqo1l.. ,...1_ lUn ~ ,. • ," .11»;"
'" ~ = .. t.11 .,~
M ~ 'H n.s 'O.ll .""~J "'" ~ ... " 1•.SI .l'IK.!. J
r.,.II" ,......... '"' ~,. RI ., .nn!. s ,7101.: I l~l-. ~ ., I'. , •• .1J1s.=. I .~J !"~ I-, ~ '" 11.1 5." ..I~1,
~ '0 " I.JI .TJtI:.'.,~ '" • IO.U .1Ul;. 1
In,. ~., IU /0. fO .-:.'
m ~,. U.I ".JI 1.-:' I
,.,.,H.. ,,,.1 .. • ",. :l.1 IJ.I' .'/0:. ' ._;.Ia t,,~ I
" ,. ., •• .'JoIO;.fl .l'Oll;.IO tu:. I
• 5' • If." .I.eo:. '" " '" .. .nol:. J
" ",. \~.la .1150:. /
f.,..lItt ,,..,tt "·1 " '" .., ", .•1 l.om:.11 ."0 1:.11 111:. I
• m " ll.n ,'111;. I
" .. 11.1 ,.. .1l'1:. J,. • ., ,n .1"':. •foyollt. ,,,.1 ... -. " ., •• m.ll 1./191:.11 .m':.H uo;. ,
f"Solt ... ,,,.1 ... ~n " ~ •• ISIl.OI l.iliJ1!,U ./1'1;. J N;.'f.,.ol1" ' ....1.. ,", " ... ••• IJI.t1 z.~1l ./II,,;.to Ut;. 0
f.,.oll'" ,.....1.. m " • ,., ID31. \, 0.0111:.1'1 .mo:.lO liS;' ,
,"yol1 .......1.. m " •• 1'.0 101.lli I. )OM:.n .nll~ , 111;. I
" • " '.0 .1111;. If.,..l1 ....., .. JlUl " •• .... ..11 1.-s;.I' .11"';. • "" '
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 207
TABLE J (continued)Rb/Sr
Roe> type s_" •. 110,,,,1.. ••• "~ 8IRbJ'16$' (8IS'.,uS". (3'S'/~')1 ~. ..["'
0 '" " I. $9 · "OB,!: ""' • m '" ~. 0$ .nS2,!:
t ....,<1"' • 'le " .ml,!:
.71G&,!: 1 186,!: $
c.rd,",,,, ~...".,,. SI
'" • '" .. •• .IOS.!.
1..·.,<1'" " ." " 6'>0. ·'4 3.19C9.!. '6 . 'Ill,!: 7 119,!: ,
c.rdl«' •• ~".,\O
" '" ". " .IIlI.!. , .1101
t ..·oc1co,.Nli«lt. 9e10'<O "' .. ,.. ., 6l0.16 3.1'lll1,!:1" .II1S.!. 9 '79:'; S
GobO .......it. l!O." " '" ,.. U8.OS I.WlZ,!: ), 276,!: 4
GabO'....dto m " '" '.' I"'.ll 1.101ll,!: 41 211,!: S
...........lto '" " '" ,.. "4.9$ 2.441',!:IZ~ lJ~.!. I
['" " '" '.0 140.$0 I.lli%,!: 3l lJI,!: I
G"ood'.dto< • 1)<,"1'" .. " '",. SI4.13 1.IJ[IIj,!:I00 lIS,!: 4
". " ~, , '12.01 Z.3Sll8:!. l> VI,!: ~
Cl ... d'A",
G.o.Ho 01 '1.. ,'A,.. "., 10.4' lSl.11 1. Jtoo Z82.!. 8 "
G.on'te.' " .. d"'" ," .. ... l000.l6 4. J611 lel,!: e
G'o.lte~' ,00.11 ," ,~ '.0 106/i.61 ,.~ l~S,!: !
Gl-oood'odto ," '" I. '9 "l.$1 l. IS9.1 '9ll..!.I"
Gr,o'" '"" • 0' " I. I1 .nol]G".l\O CDA4J • .. " :lO.OI ,81"
~""". '"" • m " 30.12 ""j,_"to ,... • m " M.t3 1.0"1 .1I0l.!. S 2Jl,!: 1G,,_I••lto CDl$' • '" '" 1.0' · IISI
G"nl .. ,.., • ,. m l.81 .11'8
Oz-Dl.,.1 .. ~" • " '" " .- .1061.!.1l
Oz·~o.lto ,.., • .. '" " .., .1061.!. ~
Gr,"lto ,"', • '",. 2.21 .71S'
G"nU. ,"', • ,. ,. 2.6S · 71~1
Alllit.·,-" .. ,"', • '12 '" l.12 ·nz' ,llIal.!. I 21l.!. 6G"no<llorl .. CDll~ 0 '" '" 2.13 • "2l
All',t.· ...,.." .. ,"', 0 '" " lS.2S .1116
...,Iit. ,". • '" " '.61 .,Ill
, ...1'\0 CDlOO 0 '" '" 1.<7 ,110'
G"nl .. C(loIl) • ". '" 2.11 .111', ...11<. CDA)5 • ". '" '.6' .1161
..,11<0 COAI8 • m '" ,." .m/iG,,,I\O (Dl19 0 m '" ,." .7111
Po""'-Y"\O ,WO • ,. m 2.02 .IIIZ
,o.phJ'I"lto ,WO 0 • " J." .IZ"
~"nl",..,
" ". 10.01 OIS.81 '.1110 1/!.!. I
~,,"""I.d .. ,W,"
,. '.' 312. S1 2.1~4 21i!.!. I
G"n'to ''''' " '" ," 519.10 l.WZ9 lll,!: 5
1..,11'. ,WO " '" ;.21 llO.la ,~ 16',!: 6
G..,,""'lodto " " '" l .•l "'.0 ,~ In.!. S
G..,nl.. m " ... 1.01 Isa.19 3.11 Jl 11l! S
G"nl .. ((loIl1 .. ", l.ll 01l.19 2.5210 l/i'.!. ;
0,·01 • .1.. ,Dl;2 .. .., 13.% ~. 1I 1.041' 1I6.!.IU
Gro.I'. ,Dll' .. '" m 1. 42 .1161 .71il.!."G••_,." .. ((loIl/i " " w, ." .1092 .1041.!.1l
~AA 76.1 • .. '" .. ,11IiS,!: , "AA 16.l • " .. 2.lS 1126,!: I
Po'"Phl""d' AA 16.10 • .. .. 2.81 .IUIl..!. ' •JI la,!: 2 JiO,!: 3AA 16.l' • '" " 12.sa ,714~ 6
AA 16.l1 • '" " IJ.lO .nll.!. 1
AA 16.ll • .., " ".H ·7610.!. J
208
TABLE J (continutd)
F,P. SASSI, G, CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
Rb/Sr
~..". ~l••. "'.."., "- "- "....... cl1lorJ'tsrJ. tS~..-s'lt ~. •••
["" " • • .." '-' 'J,..\.00010_1''''<0 ~ 11-" " • " .." ,nu. I .m"!. ' )11~ I..... 11.llO " .. .. l.U .nn~ l
...., 111.. AA llLn " ... ••• n•.• l.Jl~IO]
" ",. ." .n~t
1'-:: ~
,-"Ut.. .. 11.13 • - '" Il.1t ,1_ ~]".,. " " ." .n».:.1 m.:. I
........._1••• '< ..... ~.1 • '" 10.1"",Ill.. ••• l.l",~) 1" ... S""....,eo_l•••,. ..... n.tl " " •"""Ill.. ••• ,-, ']• •• '" I.n .1101.'.2 7,;<.'.10
" • , ••• .'*.'.'
[" .u " '" '" •. 1~
,,~ .] •..... 80-1' " '" '" I. SI .1260< 1-'<.1.,< ,.., .... ..... 110· I5 • ". '" U~ .1:31.:., .11i~!.5 lS'.!11
Meo·n • '" '" 1. •, .m'!.J.... !lG-ZI • " '" '" .1tl'.'. \
""'I,lc ... ,.. ..... 8C-U 0 '" ... 1.tl,m,~ •
A<I,I..... ,.. AA ..,..,. 0 '",. l./l .ll~.'.
.«1.1. ,..1.. ..... lO-lS 0 ,. m •• .~l .11~1I l~l:l... '.,........ " .. 0 .. ." ... .n~"".1.,..,.. Mm-., 0 '" ~ ••• .nll!.kl.,. ,..ho .u. ..13 " ... '" 2.1S
n~'l0 '" ... ,." .m/· • JOt:clo
• ... B.' ." ./11.4.:. I
Io<WI,_,.. AA 10-1' " '" ... .." .~~0 '" ,. l.11 .- "~I
• ••• ••• .. .n"'!: •oI<WI...., .. AA .15 " ". '" •• n", ~
0 ,. m .." ._. -!o,• '.' .., ." .IIN::. •
,.",1. ,..100 ••n ",. ,. Z."
n~~0 ,. m ••• .It":• ••• .., .n • /1/00 I '"'... ... n.o n.li 1.I19hl
IIdlll< ...10. M .,.U " • '" .." "'~l0 '" •• •• .m,! ]ll! I
• 11.' ••• .. .m...
" ~ •• lRll 1.'SC)!l1
><l1I1< ...... .~. • ., n 1l.U ~.,~• •• ••• 6. \1 .16]0. J Il.!"
• ,. • \1.fO .1011! ' .1n1 <6J!I,Acllll< ",.1.. .. IIlHl • •• ,. 5. 11 .'YT! )
• '" ". I.U .1lS'! I
>,•• 100 .....t'W'1 '11'....
." "., .. \1.)l .rm! I ".n • "' " '.12 .r.l! •... • ,. • ..n · 'MS! 1.n • M " \0.11 · I")! 1
.H • ... • \0.10 .1'0ll,!10
.n • m K ll.1l .~!s... " ~ .. •• .nl.! •
"""11.1< '''_'tn ... " m K '.K •r]l:J.! • .110:J.! ' UI!.•'A rlt " ~
,. •• .~)
lA m • ,.'" ••• .n,,! l
.11 n1 • ,,, ,. •.n .n"';.!
" m • ,. ,n •. n •nu! I.,." ,. " .." .~r.~ " ,. ,. '.SI . nil! I
'A Igl, " ... ,. •• .'*! J
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 209
TABLE J (conlinu~d)
Rh/Sf
~' .... ~l~ •. .....rI.l "- >- ....... Cll1lor~1a tl /1.tJ8'lorh ~. ~.
lIoJt-l!Ue: t.._ .... lA 11' " ". ".~ " 1.0U~ I 112:. •.".H'k ._... lA 1ft " 0 10.' 11'.7 '.1170:. 1 1/0,: •
""11<10 ._1... .. ," " ~ ••• :lS1.7 '-0111;7 '70:. •-,.IIUO 1.._ .... I. ~1 " ~
.., <11.1 J.!OU:.)f .....eoo>lIt1e: ._,... .'" " - ••• _., t.tt~ "".~lIUe: l.._lt. .~ " '"
,., n'.1 1."'l: • .....""'Il,te: ,.._I... ... " - ... 511.' 2.,no:'-1 U2:. 0-,.lItle: ,.._I... ." " R' ••• '!'l.lI l.fIOl~" 170:. 0.".11I1e: I,._tt. ... ., ," "., .., .I401~ 5 cKS~ 1)
"""Iitte: t.l_t ...I. '" " ". 10.5 'J '.O<I~ l "IIIIJoolitte t,.l_t ... T. In " m 10.' 11'.7 1.11~1
..,.Ittte t.l_t ... TA 1<1 " '" ••• JSl.1 1.0I11~1
~1tlte: t,.l_t.. T. I'JI " '".., 011.1 1.loOSl~J'J
.1\11~!1 1I1~ 2_.".Itlte t",l_t.. T.l1' " - ••• 2j<.1 1.'12S~~1
_..,..II\te 1",loIIrt.. lA JIIl) " '",., 11'.1 l.S9SJ~ I
_..,..H'te t,.,l_t ... ... " - ,, Ill.' 1.":lc4~<\
'''roH'te 1",I_it. ." " '" ••• '95.0 l.fI01~1\
'loyDlt,tc 1,.I_t.. ... " '" ". l.st .1209' 2..~ • • UI .'I"~ J"""Hlte: 1,.,_11. ... " .. ~ ,.. .IlVo I..~ ,. m 2.11 ./lID:!. ] .1102~ • "".""1 itte: 1,._1.. "'19 " .. m •• .12~1.. " ." • .1llJ: '..,.lltle: I._I.. .- • .. '" 1.11 .llJl~ I..~ " .. 1.111 .not:. l
TABLE 4Rh/S, analytical data . AUSTRIDES
-.... s.o.l••. ""ut., "- >- .,...,as.. c...·lor"-SO-Ia tIllor..-so-Jt ~. •••
~
'_UUe: ,.._tort.. ", • " ," ." .~
" .. • " '" .. ./l0l
". • • .. ., .1110
".. • • no " .~
"" • " '" .. .-", " ". '.R \2Il.1' .'m ( .1OIll) 12.1~10 •
"'....·"'l..·"'n.".l" ..._t
t~I.I""pIolo d10 MII-l] " ", ,., 251.~ .I9JI')OJ 2~.2~2.1 ..• " m ,." .,onio } ]1.I~ll.~
• - " 10. IS .IIl)~ I(~'.I_~'e: dJ'~' M71·lO • , m ." .,..~ 1I.'~lO
" •• Il.I tUl .Inl~ ,
• m '" 0.01 .IOIll.:. 0
""" om" • ,. - ,.,"~]
"""., • ,. ~ ,." .1\01:. 7
".t_ ~ • ,. ., 1.11 ./101.:. J•""':. J U.-':'l'.I... • 'D ," ,." .1110.:.'.... • ,. ,. ,." ./1'" I.." • ,. m l.17 .1117.:. •
~ • " ., .M .'0".:. I.., • M ., .M .Ill".:.'.." • " '" .. .7OIJ:. )
210
TABLE 4 (cQnfinued)
F.P. SAS SI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VJSONA, A. DEL MORO
Rb/Sr
Roe' 'I"" 5...,1••. .....d.1 .,. ,,- 811tl>1~c (Sls,/Us..). 1315r/86I ..), ~. Rof.
.....nod'or'''. ,
l"""• " "' ." ·ro1'.:. • ".....In•• ",00 • • m ." .loeJ.:. J
1..1101 • " n. .00 .1011.:.1MIOl • " '" ... ./OIO.!. 6
c,..1t. MI6_' .. '" " 01'.02 .81".:.U ".6.:.1.0
• ." " '2.!>O .1181.:.\1 19.6.:.S.1Cro"H. AA16-1 .. '00 U 14S.'3 .l]~'S la.4.:.' .2
• '" 00.' SlU6 .1lI'.:.] J(l.B!:1.'....._1..1" 1.176·]1 .. '" U 6)(1.69 .67'0:!.6' 18.2.:.' .1Gr.nodiorlt. ." .. on U 395.41 .~. Pll'! 18.0.:'.0 •VM...'te d' ~'u
1..171_' • ,.. .. ••• .11 IS,:, ' "MIS·l • ,.. '" •• ,1116.:. 7....1\-) • '" m '.00 .1101.:. 1
Cr,,"". Kid cl;'k... M1S-5 • '" " '.26 .1131.:. •' ....11'•• and "1\-8 • ,.
"' 1.2' .109).:. S .71)96.:. \ " "~"no<ll.d",..IS·' • '" '" 1. 76 ./HIS':' lMIS·IO • ,. m 1.41 .111>9.:. lMIS·]I • m .. 1). 20 .11\4.:.'0M'!-ll • .., .. 6. 11 .ml.:.'""l-Il. • ,.. '" '" ·1\'6:!: l1.'./0-'\ • • '" " .1110l:. '
r"".lltu "'/0-% • '" '" ." .'1 12.:. J ."0'1.:. ' 21 .:.11M"-II • '" '" 1.01 .IIll! 5
M7'·18 • " m 1.0l .IIIS! SM70-6O • ,. '" 1.21 .1111!5
lM,..61 • ,. ,. ,..1110> ~ "M" • '" '" uo · J1I6! J
~. • '" "" I. 19 · Jlll! 0
I_Ht. ~ " ." ,.. IIS.21 . 91-1 J PO'J) .. ' , •'_Ht. 00' " '" " 139.0J .~1l! (./00) " , '
Mll-81 • '" W l.05
"'" ~"MIO·Sl • '" '" ,. · JIIIIl! <
GT,"lt., MJO_61 • "" '" I.S5 .1091! 0
MI.·6e • '" ~ 1.21 .1091! l•7089! I .. , '
MIO·69 • '" '" 1.28 .JC9!! l
MJO-JO • '" ,. 1.0~ .1C95! 1
Mn·&! • '" '" 1.00
""'jM7~·19 • '" '" ,." .IIOS! 3
M7'·ll • m '" .. · 'lOS_ I
M7'·15 • '" '" '.00 ./l01! 3 .I~I 03.S!".SMI'-11 • '" ., 1. I~ ,nOJ! J
Ml'·n • ,. "' '.M .7IOS! 3
M7'5·' • '" '" ." , 'IOS!
M73·5Ib • ,. " •. oo .mS!.~MI3·11< • '" m 2.IS .'119!, 1 .llOI! S " !2Z
:~~:::I~;II~ .no!Mll·19 • '" 'M l.05 ,'11~!, 1
M71-1l! • ,. m l.l9 .11ll5! ~
,pllt., M1l·6<j • .. ", 1..3 .7Ill! '
MII·4. • ,oo '" l.l1 .711l!! 4
M71·6$ • "" '" 1.1. .m6! I
M71·Jl • '",. l.ll ,7IS9! l
U/3·0l "" '" ., .'" .I\Illt! ~ "Mll·O " '" '., 011.11 .'I068!l lO.S!,I. ,M7<·\o • '" '" .. .IDI":. 1
~t. Alto
M" • '" '" ." .IllI! l
00' .. '",, "6.Z1 "" PO'JO) 11.0!J.D •
00'" • .. '" " . 1111! ~ "Mll' " '" ,. 4Jl.ll .ll57J!.I ~•.o!'l ,, ......tt. d! ~1..
M13_!oS • ,.. '",. ".,1M71·!oS • '" '" 1 .1'1 'l'9'5! l 18.1!1.0
M7J·!oS " '00 .., 1ll21.l0 ,1~21
RADlOMETR.IC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 211
TABLE 4 (continued)Rb/Sr
~o<k tl,," SMpl. ,. ...... ,1.1 ••• ,. ~ 811:t/!l6s. (81S./S6s'I. 181s,/Us')t ~. .,
MIJ·!llI "' " "' ." . 1111.': ~MIJ-'l8 " " "' ." .1111.': s .1111! 1 19.9.':1.3
MIJ-'l8 .. "' " SIi. l' ./J'9.':1Ml'-~ .. m '., «)I.t\
~;:;'}1.1100) t~.".!.3.0
MI'-" "' '" '" 1.11Ml.·•• • ,.
'" .. .11156' l la.l.':1.6Ml.·•• " .. '" " .11~ 2}Ml.·.. .. ~ , \81.31 .~6!l;. 1 .'1<5.':l 1I.&:!O.l
l""H", .....1.·.6 "' '" ". ." .1111+ ~Ml.·% " " '" •• .11lil.':I6 26. Il.':IMI.· •• .. •• U 5611.19 . 92l8!.",,,,,,ltt< .....1.-60 "' ,. m I. 11
"'" ~Ml.·6O " U m .. .11~ 5Ml.-6O • .. ,. .. . 111l.': I .111il.': I 28.1.':0.1Ml'-6O • .. " 1." .110<.': \
MI.·6O " " .. 2. 11 .1111.': ~ ".u1"6O .. m ... llO. la .al~
.u1.·U • '" '" '" ""'I.u1.·~1 .. ,"'" • .m".!. 3 .7111.': 1 V.I.': ,
.u1.·6\ • ,.. ~ 1. .l .1t~
.ul.·61 .. .., ,. 861. \IS 1.0«1.:.1.
~"'I"·"""".I....._",
PogoooUt< "'" '" • "'", 31,01 11. tl .a..n l51SlCl "Pl9Ntl'i, .'".'9''''''' ." .. '" '.92 .81.6l l.~ll (.1100) 101.:. 3 •Po!l"lu,t< ••t~'" ... • ,.,
• .11 9\11.26 '.- (.7!00) t!l.:. I' __titl, .....e.g.'!.t" ... • m ID.l2 16U16 1.•6l1 (.1100) tll.:. 'l
Po!l"l,nl< ••tl>o<;o><i" ... • '" 1l.01 l1a.1lI 1. 1.9) (.1100) Z~.':IZ
,."",titt, ••t,",,:,".h. ... • m 10,Ol 160.10 1. 2911 (.m'l) Z~.': 9PO!l"ltitt, ••tllOgolOt" .....H·ll • ". ',01 1069.89 '.l66li (.Hoo) tl'l.': 3' __ tltic ."1109"01" ....IHO • ,m 1J2.% 31.18 .19<l (.7200) l<a.:.lOPogooottt. I;.lII 11.l • tOS.9 38.l II. 61 .15'18 "• 53(J.) ·, 18\. Z 1. ,so 116.:. 1
• 101.1 " 21'9.9 ,.= ill.:. •Pogoootltf, ••t!>oV"ol" M1HOJ .. 201 ) ·, 911l.5o! 1. l11l.':ZI (.1100) l4l.:.H "• "" ". 14.62 .8811.':1. 1"!16
.u1l.)! "',. .. 12. , .I..I! •
.u71-J3 "' m 14, , 1I. , .!Ill~a
M/l·). "' '" " II. , .II~ •
MT)·I\ "' '" I~, I '1.8 . !Ill'l.': 1.u1S-'l "' • ""
,., .1201.:. •.....IS- .. • .., m u .noe::. 3MIS-'1 "'
,." lO.l .IIlO! Z
-'PH'le ••'t>ogooh... .*. • .. '" ".1Z60,!: • .1I11! • 16<:.': ~
MI8·Il • ". '" ... •IZBI><. s.*" • '" " •• .10Il.:. •
.*" • '" " ••• .1l~= •MI8-11i • '" " 10.0 .115-4! !
M18-ll • '", II. 9 .1139!IZ
MIl·5o! • '"' Il. t Il-S .1l228+ 5
• ltl9 ... lZ94.9 1.10<6!1&l 19<.:. 6
Poguttt. o 71>8 • \181 ,. l'l9 l.IOS ] ,. "• 30,40 19.•) I. 101 . I!O)
Pogoootltlc ."hogno'o< IoAIl·loo • "' '" l.I2 .Illl! ~ "• "' ll.l 61. II .9!-41;=. 11 Zll.:. 0
A.Htl, •• tllogn<'" MlI·Il "' '" 19.3 12.Z .1..1+ d• no •• 116." 2.1121: \ ZI8.:. J
,-title ."""","1.. illllO· I • '"' " ,. .13Z1! ,• '"
,. ,." .1JIZ:!. :] lOo.:. •• '" " 1/1. I 1.31"=,-
~
J"'.«I.itt, ••U"''J''Oh. MlI 1'9 • Il') •• ~8.~\ t.ml t9l.':Il "• "" lO.lZ l~.91 ..'" .'''.!.)I;
212 F.P. SAS SI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
TABLE 4 (,o"tiflll~d)Rh/Sr
~.-~1••. IIot..,., .~ .,~ """'" tl1s'/~'. 131S·1"srl t
_..~.
T_lItl. ,.10. H' O' ~11.1 'K 111.10 J.sm ~I' •t .. ooIU_,ll< ,..lo. -- O' JUl.) ,.. ~11.1' 11••1) '''::: '
• _., S.il_..
U!lK Xl1.:.1l
• m.' ••• n.OPt .1911 .-11.<1'. ,1."",,1... ..n • 'J.l 1•• )4 I ••~ Z .1tI,:::Jl •~'"11.... ' ...1._11.. RIll • 161.) K.W .1W~,I.,to<l......h • '.~I'• 1.U.. ".,locl... T' lit • 111.1 IU.' .1O:!c1O .111)04_t..
.'l~~~.m'::.t<I "'.:. ,
...._111< ...1.. T' 11] • ~.. •• tl.'I.:.",",-I•• I. 111 • ~.. n.n OS.Ol.:.st ,...;""_ho 11 118 • _. ".1' I1.D!.IS
:::~]"'''001'1, ".loo ". • IX,S ••• 1I.1I:"• Ino.' ,., W./ :1.' 1.:I••!-11
• 11•. ' . J5'1!.~ 3(11:11
• I!~.l ,., \.65. ~ !. 9.6 I. zc !.'
• IIS.S!. 1.0 l.n :.'Sro....,I ... II. '" O' m.' ••• U7.5 !. J,l
l"l~_!.JO' UI.SO' ••• ni.' :.'.1 1.I0Il ~l
.J~:.l' :/81:. I
O' nl.s ~,.I:,l.O 1.10'1 !.-"-1•• m • ~.. n.n 's.oz!,!' '-jO' ZGl'.l ,.. oIl.
" 11.~__!.O' 2011.1 .•11:" .11:. •O' ,.. ~ :." 11.19 :
,,"-h. m O'_.. .- ,n
~]•
",,-11. on O' 111>4.' ••• 'SI' "O' lIS1.1
" ,.. ,- '" 1,. :1 1CI~ ,
" 11511.' ". ·n .." :1 •IOJf!. • "'~ ,• _..
U.l' 11.~IS ...,• 'n.' ••• m •• 1.1\ : 1l0!:'.
• SIll.'__1.._110_'.,'" • ". " •• ....
~ •m • ., 11,5 n .• 1. Itsl
m • ~ • •• .,,"...........1.. Or.......t .... m • •• 11.1 1111.19 I.J1II
m • '" 1'.' 5J.JO ..~
m • ". 10.' 91.'1 I.JOJ' ."*!.'" '"J,: 0'" • - 11.5 .." l.ltsl
m • '" " 10.31 .'M
r' • '" • ." .,~
c.. t .. llr.......t .... "'" • '" ~ 1,51 .11"
"" • '" '" ,.. .,~
"".....1•• llrV!Of'ltI" '" "., ,. I J2ll. 15 '.6!i09 JIO!: •
• ~ I.n 1§2.81 \.9110 31~ 8
.....,...10. 0.1--.1.. m " 1101 3.l< 130lUI 1O,INe 296.!; •
• IUS 3.10 1929.\.0 '.UlS lll.!; I
""ton.h. llrUlolPN1.. W " 'W' 1.13 1292.t3 10.loOS' lel.!; •
• W 1. 'I 11S.69 LUll IIJ:. •
"'..... l •• o........h. m " ., '.n ,.,UIO ..... ",,'
• IS!' .., ISR.lI ,.- ~.."".......10. Or.......h. ". " ". ,.. _.11 0."" )Cl," • •Coo.l.. Or.......t .. "" " m '.W )SU,I U1IIi ....
"M • n. • ••• .11U
"" • • '" 1.16 .1111
"n • 'M '" ,." .""",,-h... "" • ,. • ,. .... .1111 lal
",. • " .. '.M .-"" • '" " ,.., ....". • n. '" 1.61 .""
........h. "" " ." Il." 111.01 .,n, 1~1
",-h. ". " ~ .." "'. .•11 "'.
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN nlE EASTERN ALPS
TABLE 4 (continued)
213
Rb/Sr
Rock 'YP" S~l. n. Ho ..d" -,. Se 01"' 61r.l>/USe (6ISe/US e). 1311,/86S')1 ~. "'-'";0"9"0'" AA" .. ... i.'J loo.tl& .1'101 17.!. 5
-'"'10"9"0 1" AA" • ., .." Ui.D2 .-, 61.!. 9
""1·"11"0'" AA" • ,. 10.IS 16'. ~1 .- 61.!. a
"'"'IO"l"t'" AA" • m 'D. ,: ISS. ~, .8616 53:. S
-"''IOngno'" I:AW '11 • 191. 3 2/.1 31,01 .M' .51.!.IS ".. lOll; .• ... Ill.3 l.l~ l0'l! S.. 16%.1 ... 21/0 l.m 16.!. 3
Ort!lOllno'" IWl l11a • Z38.1 ".6 11. \l; ._, 111.'.16
• 161.0 ... 'I'. I Z.!Z~ J1D.'.1:
• 16'.2 ... UI.D 1.6'10 101.!.':.. 13&1.6 •• lOll 1.ll!I I~.'. 6.. 1311.0 U 931.i 1.266 188.!. ID.V>ognofs. ..... ,a, • 1/0.• I1lI.1 1. Hl6 .IZ8O 011.'.18
• 'Ji.~ 'S.l •• ._, 115.'.10.. _. ... 9/~, 1 1.1~ 16.! J
0'-'Ilo\l""'" ..... 1111 • ... 118.0 1.\-09 .1231 'll.!18
Oo-t!>ognt,,, l:AW llU • 15-4.1 ...8 16.SO .1019 ",,' ".. S13.0 ., 111. I ,- 13.!. 3....w IllS • _..
ll. \ 21. il ._.....W.11 • 1~1.l 11.1 31. 01 .-..... lllll • 138.1 '1.11 I'. se ._,
Ort~'''.' l:AW \101 • 11•.• ISII.I 1.186 .,m .1'02:." '5'.'.111
l:AW IlZ1 0 ".. 118.0 1. S'9 .lrlI
O,t"o<ln"'" IWl Ill1 0 _., 11.6 111.1 ,.SIl0 _., '\.6 '11.1 ,.SIl 'Sl.'-18
• IS'S.I •• ". .. .. J'~':
• lSI'.l ,. 1.11 .. " 104.'.':.. 1'61~. I ., ." lS. " lOli.'."Or"""".I .. '-"l! Illl 0
_.11.S 1'.n
_.'51.'-18.. 11'0.11 , , 125.\ 1.1106 11/.'. •.. 15ZJ.II ,,
"" 1.'!l(l 18.! J
""'-"'" Mn·iJ 0 '" ". '~.'l8 .8J6S.'. I~J..
• - ., '0 '.I~i..!. JS 6S.!. I.'
""'t..... ,•• ~•••w< ", 0 '" " "." 1.OS3•.'.5.] 104.'.10Ortf>o\ln.". .. ,,,. .. 1396.13 lUtOi'l.!.S20
~ MIl_:l< 0 ". ni 11./1 .9216.!. lZ "MII'3S 0 '" ". ,. .1101.!. •MIl-Jl • " '" 1.'3 .11S1.!. ,
0..1<>0]0.' .... MII·J8 • ,,, ... 161." .11'1.'. • . lOll:.!. 5 "8.'.UM/o·3i • •• •• 1.1/ I.SO'\:.!. .~
MIl·<l) • " '" 1.61 . 1108.!. •MI'-J6 0 " '" 11/. ~I .IlS-I+ S .IDI6.! 8 'J"11.. "' u ,. J.~'SI !9'~IO
S"'bl'
Mli·ZI 0 ". " 19.10 .lIG\I8... ,
}"M/i-n "" '" " 19.~ .S1OO... •
OrthogMh,.. Mli·l. • '" 11.1 \ 10.61 I .J!109:: " .1091...135 ... ...'1Mli-II 0 '" .. 71.61 ,.101S.! ,MI~_~ • '" .. IUS .6159.'. •M/~'Z1 • m " 16. '6 .8194.!. •
Ortl'logM'" " ,m ., 106'.'10 1.0ISI... 01 82.1... 2.5
• "" ,. SO<.2S 2.~.!.11 "' ",...... -IlJI.'-""'t..... ,•• lWl lSSt • "I.• 61.89 6.11i .11" '"bOt....1.... 15\5 • 1Ol.9 107,94 1.861 · 11J3l;Mj lS~ • 1\3.' '01.SS 'm · /118..... 1196 • 111'l. I 'Jl,6\ 2.381 .;IU .101ll.! 13 ", ...1',,"_""h't''-"l! "'" • 121.S 'ID. SI 2. '61 · 711...... 119/ • 109.1 ll9.47 UlJ7 .1l'lS
I:AW 11'l8 • 161.8 \3.JI 8.151 .1561
""9<09"'''' '-"l! ISI' .. IM.loo) '16. I 9,01 Iss.) .~, 66.1... 1,0
1101100·1001 '17.1 9.51 101.1 .m' 65" ... 1.0","_'n l:A" 1515 WIoI1OO-Zoo) ... , 11.19 111.1 = 93,6.!. J.D"",_,.. ..... lS56 lIoI (W-SO) '\9.1 II. I I 9\.86 .w. 1'1S.S.!. S.DOM (80·100) ...., 11.86 'l8." · 9111 1lI,6... '.D
*(100'100) 'S1. 1 11. SI IJ.88 .1ll31 '" .1:. J.D
214 F.P. SASSl, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
TABLE 4 (continued)
~\...RbjSr
L....''''l''.tttc '1"'1"
O""""d gnot ..(;r••Hold gMh.
Gr•• "old !J'I'Ot"
.....1«>1; 9/101"
'0"'09",1", 9""is.
[""''''l,.nl''' _,,,
.....n"old 11"01"
'''''''9''''''' ,..I>.It<><'''l,,"<tt, \1"01"
..... 1196
MaO-16
MllO_19
M/l-10
MI/-'
1 lOll
I HIl;.
T \285
I Il98
, IlOl
I 1311
T Ill~
T 13'8
T UlI
I OIS
1 UZS
31 131_60111 Illl)-lDOl
.. 16(1-100)
11 (80-1001
..(100-150)
lOO (31-60)lOO (W-all)
lOO (80.1001
IOIPOO_ZOO)
IIIoll00.UOj
"" 160-6(1),.( lD(l-Z(ll))
•VII (JS_6(l)
Wo (6<HIG)
Wo (80-100)
""110(1-100)
•"••"••••••••••••••••••
~'>.'J ....., '.lS-.011
Fold'G'
••r.ld"'l'
••"•"••••••".... >.<J ...
III '.0/,. \\
•"">,03_
'" I <.1\ ...
••
Ill.l
~.
la~.1~~1. 1
3~1. ~
'13.6
'J8.'«,.'nS.1116.9
116.'119.2118.1
62•. 1
ilt, J
~z,z
uo,s
"••m
'"'00'm1012
",m
,oZI.8
311. I
17114.1
416 .•
9011.1
291. Z
>!n.l
9/8./
2iJ.6
Ill0.SCOl. \_../01. I
100.3
moB.B
1130.•
HIli.!331. B
Ill/.a
151. zlSol.8
1568.1
'JlI.~
1111. •
lIil. a'19. ~
1~.6
611.a
1%.1
1%.1
111ll. ,
11l.1
9~1. ~
~.
UI.I
I 11~.•
10'11.1
281.9
186.9
\l.ll
11.3019,80
11.10
10,%
11. 11
19.11
10.SOl
11. '9
11.91
9.U
9.l9
".,10.19.."8.1~
10.<3
",..,."••••.,••.,,."la.~J
IUl
29.89,.11. 01
11.63
3.81
."••1<.1)-1
l'.10
1\.89
J8.1~
9.01.."11.11
<9.99
'.91
2a.161•. 11•. 16
19.3'
J, 7~
17.811l,86
69,21I I. al
'M".61
S.Dl
28.01
11. Il
lIi. S'
".091J.~1
11.18
1•. 10
11.1/
\16.9
'"'1. III
1\\.6
'l."
119. I
66.JI
111. 1
1I 1. I
19.11Ill.!191. ,
l.lJ1/181.1
10-1 .•
111. 1
118.1
3.17~!I1.l1
3.16
7. \1/102.<1
26.68166.6
/1 .•''69.1
1169.8
6~.01
1117.~
./.69
160.1
.1.3'
'-0,.9
an.1.1.01
118.6
31. I I
31.16
11S.8
11.:16
l'9. I
361.0
9,93
11.11
IZI.'IS.~
.1. /1
163'.1
".1<19. I
61. JlI
I&<. I10. ,\
m.ll1.91
,."66-1.1
~.18
I ....
1~ .•111.11
118.1~o
r.8.11
SIi.<1
.1639
.M'
. 'IllJ
.7109
.11.1
.8<19
.,~
.8132
~.
.1811
.811'
.M
.1618
.111/
.13D!i
.9316
.".
. 1J16~ 1]3.1<8S~11
.lJ81~ 1
.1~3· .]
'.!lD61,!,281
. liD1I' .]1.IJli~.10
.83l'. ~]1.1I1J~10
11.001
1.1f>B8
~. I11
1.0162
1.9301
.'l\1~.,.1. '101S
.9118
Urol.~
.9lO9~,
.1929
I.l'82
I.lDll
.8<11
.8\11
I .ISlil
.8'~
.91'-O
1.91-'
I.1J18
'.~,.1.0'1
.8163
.9101
.7183
./1831.7l6..9108
.8111
.8130
.181'
1..9£9
1.3011
.~.
.9\93
1~ .!. \.1Z6.8~ .11ll.6~ z.glz.z~ .82'.1~ l.l
62.~ 1.6
SIi~1.t
SIi.'~ 1.1
.~. J.!. I •
Jg.~.!. 1 1
1'.1!.1 \
J7. J.!. I
66.l:!: I.D
6l).9.!. 1.3
18.1.'c 1.3
19.0~ U
lOO ~ \
301 .!. ~
11' ~ l
ne ~Il
09\ ~ro
191 .!.IZ
'Ill ~11
!/$ .'c 1.8
.ro ~le
'1/ .!.19
82.'!. 1.3
... .!.19
91.I!.J.6OIl ~ll
'n .!.lJ
82.l.!. 1.<
319 .!.70
'lO.I~ 1.6
'lO.I.!. 1.6
116.a~10
III .!.I<
as.7.!. 1.'8<.<~ /.1
111 ~18
lO\ .!.11
<ll .!.19
Ill' !. 7.6
"1 .!.1110< • <
711 ~1(l>
911 !. I. I
'13 ~13
.63 :!1191.I.!.l.1
<11 .!.3l
1111 .ll
8<. I~ 9291 ~ 61
189 .!. a1116 • •
/91 .'c /1llO .'c 11
•
"
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 215
TABLE 4 (continul!d)Rb/Sr
~l ,,"po S-l••. 11I..,1"-~
..~ 11a..-s, (1IS,/8I1,j. (3Is,f"$"1 ~. W.
",..1<1< ,...1" ,,~ • W .• m.a 10.01 .an •• .:. ID
• Il(I.1 'JJ.1Il 0.11 ..~ ~1I .:.l~
,,".."1< ..,10. I un • ~. ••• ltl.l(I um l(I.l.:. '"• foa'.' SI.. 13." - W ,-,,".. ltl< ,..10. ,,~ • uu ••• S1J.~ '.Isn ".1.:. •• M' ,. •• .- m .a,,".. ltl< ,..,,, I Iltt • ftl. S 11. » 'DS.l(I .a. ". I.:. •••
" 6ll,1 l.ll Ill.lI 1••1 n.S.:. •••• lit. I m.1 2.OS .•m •• .:.1"
• I••• ~.. US .1l2t m .:.1"
• I".l 10l.~ ,.. ..~ w .:.2'>1"-"',I<: ,..1.. "* • _., •• ~.. ,.- m , •••• Zll.1 JJ.Ol ll.1l' .1111 •• .:."'~... tl$ ,..1.. , 1.1 • ••• ••• f".1 '.llt' •• , '"• 111,l ".1' ••• .- •• .!ll'lI1_..,1< 'QOO" I I.' • 11'.1 ••• 11. Il ••• a.I.:.l2I. "",_I..
• .., 2'>1.1 1.01 ."' m ,-_1,.,.,..,1,. ,,~ • IA1.1 ••• 111'•• '.~ •• , u
• _.. n .• •• ••Il ,."l__ltk ...11. ,,~ • 111.l •• 11'.S ..- laD."':. ~
• m.' ••• IS.M .- ~ .:. 1111..1t.....110 ,..1" • •• • m.' lUll 71." .•I~ • .:.Il •
" W .• loSl .~, ,,- /U.:. ,• Ill. I '".) l.11 .ne y. ,-
,,-..UI< ...1" ,,- • '1111.1 ••• 411. I ,,- M.t.:. '.'f.lf/$ 1'0.' :IS.II 1/•• .a. .a .! 11
• *., ••• If.Sl .M' ~ .:.U1__.1<1< ,...1.. , m'll '" I '.l'lI. IOW.' '.n SU.• I.VU ,. , •••
"" •. 1S--.l'lI 101D.S s.n W .• I.nos •• , •••• "I.' n." lS." .- ~ .:. IIlAu<op-.I,I< ...1" t 11/1 • .1.0 1.1. .".l ..- .I.t.:. •••• M' 1l.ZI •• .m• m "lAIooJo'Oftltl< ...... 1 1311
"'. >.l'lI. 'llO.l 11.2' W .• 1.llOI •• .:. ID'" I '.l'lI. HIS.' 1'.16 ItS.1 1.2SGI '" , •• •• n.16 lli.lJ .w. -,.
l__,.I<1< '"', .. 1 1l1l '" ".l'lI. I Ill. S 1.SI 1131.2 • rn ". , •••"" I • IS·.l'lI 11/0.1 ,. J08I.' S.11D •• , ..,
• <41. I 11.10 •.a 1.1111 •• ,ml.ooH:ot".m< .,.1" ••• • n6.6 ••• 'J.n 1.0161
~"a • m.' fl.OZ 'I.lt •••uu • nl.6 N .• ll.OI .Illoll
,,"","''''Id "",I.. ,m • W .• ••• :IS. 11 ..~". • ~., Je.IS Il.lE .n.
'''<0'9,."111< "..1.. , Il'lIJ • 131.S I'.J-I ••• I.UI'Gt",.I'.ld ,...1 .. t UII • Jlil.' 11.81 61. Je ..-Go"l'U"ld ""'I" Till. • 1.,1 ••• S.91 .mLou<O'J".I'I< pool.. T 1311 • lll.3 21.01 14.11 .,nilG,..I'I< 11""'" 1 1].15 • \lO.l 1Jl.Of '.16 ..~rI3IJ • Ill.' SUl8 Il.61 .~ .110'5.:. 3 441.:.' ..Gt","u, _I.... ,,~ • m.' Y.• .... .l8fl
1 1].1' • 101.1 10l.• ,.. ..~(__,.1'1< ,...1" 1 Il51 • 111.1 n.ol 13.81 .171'",..It. _,,, 1 TIn • 211.l 11.14 •• .-l_..lIl....I.. "m • nu 03.&1 IS.1lI .~'11",,,. " ..I,.....1.. , 1)61 • 161. I 1/1.1 f.61 .•m
r-• *., ••• lO.s.! .1591
l_,o.HI< ,...10... t 1)70 • ",., ll.lt 1I.1' .-, m) • /S'.O n.1i '.n .w.... • 011.1 11. 10 ••• 1.111J
.. I_I SdlI,. ~~ " m ••• ....S, 1.401 ... ' »
""""" " m ••• tJ1.41 1. JI• ... 'I.. 01", ,1.,100;10.1< ~y, " m, l.SI ns.S\ ..- .... •,...1" • m
216 F.P. SASSI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DH MORO
TABLE 4 (continued)Rb/Sr
Rock 'ype 5....1. ,. ..... ,!.. "- "- 51tll/Usc (81~"US'J. (31\,/$65<), ~. ",.
Go..... "".... ~~ " 353.3 5.12 lOO.16 .941 a2~ 6o,,,><,is, • lIS. I
0... 4pt I:AW 109 " 918.1 1." 'i'IlT .43 \.190 S4.: 1
" 'lIS. I ,." 914.67 ,- Ilol! 1Gornc••!,,«Ms<
~- " 491. I 4. S9 311 .•2 1.094 8~ •
• IlZ.4
810tHI< porpll~l.stl'W~ " 14S.9 ,." I. 111/ !IQ.!: 4
!I"<'"
~ • 11Z.4
Pl'9'"<1.,,, 81." ..· W", " 519.4 .." 266.06 1.0lI! """"..,..U. go.l .. • 181.3
'" " ll'.Z
;;,J" 332,8
" 33<.2 It.6 8S.!.3i
" llU n '"810tlte ~l.~joch," n. • 91. 1 189.14 U3!2
"""}_1....
" 420.4 ,., T6La .!. 1.4 .,.l!U
" '"" '" ,. lal.]! \.90 .9(\2.19 ./llIl!.30 SI!.'l
" 16O.1!. US .g!l!.Z6
• '" 14S.9 3.oIO.!. 7 .7ll!.6
• '"'" " m' u .• 101'.2 , ' """} "" <62.1 . Illt!\!1 " "" 13./ 9\1. li !. 1. 15 .8SJ.!Z! • !.11
" 462.1 111O.S !. 1.. .853.:11
'" • 1I 1. I nz.' .~lC .IZ1~1
' ••tn. ~l'ljoc:T... " 461. S IS .• 8/. I " ,831.:19-,...." 46Z.1
" 464.!I IS.1 'Iq " .831.:20
" " .:1.6 .8Jl=.Jo .11"~2~ " ~16
• 166.1 ~.. I.~J.Z .1~2'
• 1/1.4
• 166.\ 3lJ5.t ~1J~15 .1ZZ~29
• 1108.2 580!.20 .715~10
ato.t...'e"",lt..
'" • 16/.)pl.,toclo •• _t.. ~j.Ol 8.25 ~1l
".~]" n•. z u '"' " '.~5 ~1~
" m .• .1443~47 '",,
... """"",,I ••_Ante,... I•• " lOOZ.1 ,.. ". '" 4.10 ~l~
60._ I
" 1478 ~ '.67~T1
P'''I'I'IOI.. M/I 19 • " " l.2l .ml •P.",,,,, .. M7J 22 " ". ,. 3. ~~ .135'(Ooo\ .. le .te"<llt,, AA13 23 • '" '" l. J4 .,~
(Oool .. t, .1,..'hUt AA73 IS • '",. ,." .1196
[""" • " '" ." . 1148.lrm~14 51'.~~3!l
P"·l..t.... AAIJ Z1 • " m " .115-0A71lla • '" '" 1.61 ./ZOOM13 24 • n '" '" .1214
...1..1, .t'..cl1lot AA" ",. 10.l4 116.22 1. 5O~1 m~ • •
AA" ",. 4.69 321.114 1.1811 313~
,AA" " '" 8.l~ ll6. Oli .1168 ,~ •
P"'9"'h••• AA" " ", ••• I!;!;. 14 .1809 19~,
AA" " "' ,. 450.ft .89Z'l 26~,
AA" " '" 1/.0ll \24.15 .893lJ '",
Mi,,,cl1h. AA" " '" 3.10 4!l4.12 1.3151 -, ,[AA " " '" 9.1e 1!l8.31 ,.- 221~
,P."I'I'IOI.... AA" " '" ,." 4.l." .9211 ., ,
AA" " ", .." :Jl.Ie 1.1l~ lOI~ •IIonu.,...l,AII \208 • lZ8.S 71.7 ,. '" .1Z0li "l::iNiif"iTe..,ht"
• l51.9 "., lO.Z'l .13Z'l lO'~ 75
Go .......te".hlo' l,AII IZOl • 1~1. 5 131.1 l. Jl4 .1350
• '" Isz.e ,m .1381 126~1<li
" 621. I U 400.1 1. 180 '",
TABLE 4 (conth,utd)
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 217
Rb/Sr
k'~ S-I••• Ilotod •• .~ ,.- 11"",Ms. (B1SrIMsr>. tl1s,JI'sr>, ~.
_.
Go... "'uKIIlsl .'UO • 111'.1 '" •.= .nl1 --• ~., ~., ,.- .= 1R!::J:!l;
" .•, •• Ill.S ,.- "!:,
&o_I .....""'n • tlS, • n.• lll.' I.SW; .- --• m.l IOS.J •.w .m' IZ!.'"
" ~., • l".' 1.01S n, ,~'--'"
• 1IJ1 • 1.'.1 Ill.' •.e .= --• rH.S n.t ..~ .= 1~1l7
" M.' ••• ns.' .~ ... ,1'0It1. _Ito II1II 11)1 • ,~. » .• ..•, .m, --ldIhl
" 111.1 , Ill. , ,.~
'" •'.,_h. IN ItK • lSt.l "'.S ..~ .m. -- n• 1....1 "., S.Sll .- '" !.'CI
" m.' • m .• I.OS/ • , ,__h.~,- • .., RI .• 0.11 .- --__'..•.........1.......
" - 11.' "." .rn' " !. """~II ~" • ,. .." -.:1 ~
, •" •• ••• 01'.81 ur"=.
,~"-'"
WW, • " ... ,." .116l!: ~ fit- !. •" - ... n'.n I.MI!.Zt
""."rol.. W •• • ,. no .." .ml· SJ rI.' '.'" - ••• ltO.I' ."01.",.._h. W". • " ." ,n .ml!:IJ ".'!. ..." - 11.1 •• .1.SOoJl
!loo"Sl< ",,,..<:10, .. WO" • m '" .." .101!:nJ or.'!: 11.t
" N ".' 13.11 .Il'tS!:JO
• ... ,. .." .I~I
"'.....10. W .. " n, ••• DJ.SI I.llOOl+lll} S/. I!. U
",.
" ..n .I:I81!:21 1• '" ".. 11.ZI .81IS!._ '" ,n
~.......h. WI·" " '" It.3 l\.l.ll
.~~~ on •"
,,, m .." .IlSl!.U m ,"• ." " ." . "lS!. •
~"_'" W3-tt " m ," 3.IS ./~u] n. •," m • m.o 1.~I1!.'S
~••~h. M13-tJ " ,. .. ,.•.111l!: ~~ -, ,
" 'n ••• "' . I.IlBI!:"S~... Il"th. MIJ·M " ,. m 1.11 .I'I'!: S
'",,
~a..9"Olso MI'·M " ., ••• 110•• U11O!: IOJ •,...,..,.. Am-" • ,. ,. 1.81 .Ioot. ~ -"" '" ••• ,so.n 1.SIBS<1~...,..h. MIt_1 • '" '" UI .11(8< ~ 0' , '
" m ,., BOO.!' 1.16IS.I'!
~a.afMh. Ml.·r " '" '" 1.12 .I'''!: ~ m , '" '" • 111. !I L1ltO!: 1
'a.a,..'" Ml'" • '" ... '.0 .11tB< ~] ... , '" '" '.' "'.. 1._. le
"..,..". Ml._' • " '" 1.3' m,!: :] .,"" m IS. , 100.15 , 11l:l>
'...,na'" M1O_ll " '" ... <Su. ,Im!: 'j tU!: ..
• '" '" '.11 '....• ... ". '.21 .I'll!: 2
~....,..,.. Ml.-18 " • .. H." .1_ JOJ ,., '" - 12.1 '1.10 .tln: to,.._h. Ml.· " • ". m '.2J .mr!:u] '" , '" •• .., 271.01 1.5OIZ••S
,....goo, .. W'·ZI " ~ ••• ~ .17";: toJ V.I:: U
• ,. '" ••• .- ) • ,,,• - '" 1. In .m!:!, A
_hole .'co...'" W'-l] • ". • 11.21 .Itl" ~ ".,!: I.. m ••• Jl1." .Mll!: I'a....., .. W'·M " • .. ,." ."", .:J ..••!. I.'
" m ••• tsIi .•' .-
218 F.P. SASSI, G CAVAZZ1NI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
TABLE 4 (continued)Rh/Sr
Rock type 5." ,. 11.1,..1" .~ ,,~ 811Ul/86S' (~lS'Ie&sr). (31S,j86Sr h ~. ",.(.,")
'."g..l" MH-ll • •• •• 2.78 .1l~1. 3J '" "" m , 011./1 !.!Z!l:.lOS
'°"9"1" M14_19 • '" '" 1.69 1/6):. ~] •oo • •
" '" U ~1.19 6120:.5<)P"&,,ol .. Ml'-'JO • '" '" 1./4 l)(ll!. I] ". ·,
" '",, rel.S! J1J.1!.4(I
"o..... ,.O<l·r;" .... , 9"01" lAl< HiM • ..' 111.Z4 , .091 .1169 '"111100-100) ~J S.82 190./ · nZl 2U!. D.IwN (8(l-100j 188.1 161.0< 3.266 .nos '" ,.
' ....!J"OI.. M/9-' • .. ., • .)]2'}+ lJ "oout.ol " .., It .1 110.06 .//61+ 6 .. "Gnoh.l, .1,..,"1>' _., • '" '" 1.21 .1191' 'J" •• • 196.n .9391:"0 '" "• '" '"
,. .nl'.!. 1 • ,.GMt,,1, .1,..c~lIt -, • '" '" 1." .1lW!.Z
" '"., l~,SI 1.8501.'.32 '" ,.
• '" n. UI . 7366:. 2 ". :.ZJGnoI"I, .1eu,"" -, • '" m ... .118S!. Z
" '" •• Z6Ol.71 1.00/'...19 " , '• '" '" •• .mo.'.s " .'.'1
""'15,1, .1cucMn_.. • '" " '.61 .1<6'... '.. '" •• 391.11 _1171.'.36 • , '
• '" '" 2. J4 · l ....... " .'.11<:0>010.1, .1"u''''1 _.. • " '" ." .1HO!. 1.. ., ,., 311.11 1.\'~9 • "Gneh. _., • .., '" 1. !l •/ll<l:!. •.. '"
,, 8Ol-l7 1.(l84Z~89 ~ ·,Gt!fl,. -, • '"
,. '.M .7189~ •
" '" ,., 15A7.96 1.'!8II~I!,.
"MI"IC~I>t AAllO·I6 • '" '" •• .74'1~ 3 "" ,. , 7Bl.Jl l.6l~!-O " , ,• n. ", l.n .741'J~ 4 " ~ lJ
Mi<OlC~!ot M81H7 • '" '" l.9· .7J90~l
" '" ,., 6!>1.llII 1.'851~1Ill " , ,• '" '" /.61 .7J81~ 6 .. ~ IS
Por&1l"01" _." • '" n" I. 91 .7117~9
" '" .., l18,9l 1.0011~ ~ ,. ,Mi .."01,, _." • '" '" 1.61 .7106~ 1
" .., U 303.16 1101~'1 '"' , ,• ... ~ /.11 .71l1~IO '" ~11S
Gno1l.i~ .1~..c111>t_.. • ... m 1.'9 .7190~1
" ., U 318,68 l.0:>917~IS " , ,• n, n" ,.
.7Z'S~ 2 '" ~ 11P"op1" ~.. • " '" ." .71~ 1.. "' 1l.~ al.41 .8l11~ 8 .. ,PO"9M i.. M71·7(l • 'M '" 1.81 .71l7~S
• ". ,. U6
::~; :J' ..°9..11. M1l·" • '" '" 1.81 •• ~174• ". ,.'" .ml~I8
P"&'I""1" Ml.-3 • " 17.S ,. .n19,! 6 m , •• '" "., 9.31 .7S90!.lPor&'l"o1" M14·11 • ,. ". 1.&1 .7ZS!~ 1J '" ~ 61
• '" '" 1. \6 . 7Z6-<~ 1P"&'l"ol .. M14-17 • ,. m 1.18 .n~7~ J) 31~.~ IS
• m '" s, l1 .7417~ 1
Mlo..o'1>' M11l-l9 • ,. ." ." .1..9.!Z] '" ",
• ", '" ," .1~...3Mic.oK"1ot M1S_11 • '" '" ••• .nW...3] !lO.~18
• .,"' 1.11 l1Z....Z
'o"gnt". M1l!_l1 • ~2.' '" 1.~3 .1U1",~) • "• ,. '" ... . 713....&MI<&IC~1>t M73-37 • '" '" •. S1 .7431...3 .. ~11
• 'M '" /.11 . 7196",Z0;,1 ...--. ~l.tlta T 149 • "'., .... 5&.61 .1811 91.1...19 "pho"'ltt••ohl"
RADIOMETRIC GEOCHKONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 219
TABLE 5Rb/S, analytical data - PENNIDES
~.~ ~1••. IIOto"" .~ ,,~ 111:tI,t6s" (ll~r/ll6s.r-l. tl l1<t!"sr)1 ~. M.
S. W. l_mWI_
'_lltl< ~.."I .. " • M' '" " .1099:!32, ...11.1< ....It. " 0 '" ., U .lClJ~!•
[: 0 N.' nl.2 .'n .1l11~1'
""'"-11.... 0 130.) ,. ,.w .II~l'
0 1.1. I 1ft. I r.'.:::;;~]r:
0 ns.' '1.' lUI
".lItl< _I... 0 m. "., lS.n .~n.11~IS ~ "0 11.1 N.' US .,*,"1.
0 ~., n '.N .1i~11
1_IUI< _I.. " .. •• .. lSO.1 .nn~• .- J1.~ .•l_lIU< .... It< " .. 0 .., .., .711~n .~, 11.1~J.I
'_lIU< ....It< , .. ~ ••• 2<J.S .,"I:SI 1I.I~1.1
'_lIU< .... I.. • .. • ••• '" .-;0 Zll ~u'_11.1< V,.ll. • .. .., • 2RJ .1lO16~56 IU~l.1
1"",11'1< ,,,,.It. • .. ... M.' M.' .Im~ll IS. 1~5.1A!>go"-II. N .. ., 11.6 llO.1 ,7H~4lI . illS lU~l
~I.. N .. ~ 11.6 lU.1 .7in~lJ .1111 2l.4~1.,.....,..,.1.." .. '" 11.1 11 1.1 .~JO .IlJO n.~.l
....11.1< ....1.. • " 1611 ,.. 111.1 .~. .nu I' :.1"'1111< .....1.. ~ .. .~
, 1lI1. J .1t.U.:9D .'m 1•. a:. .•"'lUl< _It< • " ,m IJ.J ~.. .-,.0 .•10 V.,:U'-"""le ....tu ,.to. _111 0 151.r 161.1S l.m .11.
1
"11.., .. _1100 _110 0_..
S7.11 \l." ..._'n0 17.11 .- --,1.. ,.1..
_ lU0 101.' In.11 ,.* .71'2
Ilo.IU ......1.. ,.It. _ 11.0 11.. .n, .1106
~I< .....1"',.1.. OWl 111 .. 161.5 ,.• ~.. .•,la n.l~ 1.1 ".. w .• 1. IS w .• .'111 r2.t: 1.1Iloth...>cool.. <All 110 .. IIR. '.M 1171 . 1116 11.~ ..'ulP'l"9"Ol.. .. ,.""'""'l11O .... to. UII 111 .. nu 1." S'lIi.1 .- 11.S: 1.t.. ~. ,." 5/1. ! .Im 11.1: 1.t, .ss.• '.M 160.' ..'" n.a:. S,S11..110 .......11.0 ,.11.
_ 11'
" SIS.' ,.. "1.1 .., 11.2: 1,1, _.2111.2. N.n .- M ~1'.1
• JlI.J M•• M." .- M ~1l.1S.l. t .... WI_ .'" 0 1•.1 '.0 •• I.~I ..
." 0 lU.' S.1l • I.~l.~ 0 171.\ ••• n., .M22:1f0 .tIll: '0 lilI.l 1,'1 n. . .e1.:11
"12 0 .~! .Ilf1~IJ '" "0 U'.l " •• .Sfll:l.
• .M":II
• 119,r 1/. f.., 0 US.I IU" 21.J ._~11
.~ 0 lst.2 U 11.1 . T7OCI:l'C<>o .... I_otr..lte> 0 .>611: '
6111 0 1l't.' " .." .I~U
0 .1.: I
.'" 0 l$2.S 11." .." .7J1~I'
0 .~I
.m 0 12S_f M.' 5.11 .~lf
lO"0 . 1ZIS:!:10 ..0 llS.1 .ms: 70 lto.~
6101 Lf 0
61(111 Ll • ,. In.M '.0 .mO:160 .l~'
220 F.P. SAS SI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A. DEL MORO
TABLE , (ronlillu~d)
Rb/Sr
-- S-l••, ""_I., 0- ~- """'" 11l'$<o'/"s<o1. (311r~11 ~. ~.
["" • 170.l 11ll.§4 1.6/ -'Xln.. ,..1_ l_.UI~ A llf • ,,,.S lOS.14 I.n .nl1=.Jl
'" ;'' ...1..•....10... A 311 • 211.2 lU.~ 3.11 .7110<:11
A 311 • , 4J.l ilt.IS ." .1lI1:!:lS
n", \..<",,,.110. [A '" • ••• 321. 12 • .7091=.10• '11 • '" 1'1.l1 U ,11"=.'0
'-In. l JI' • '"' ." sin 2l.l '" =.1'l_.,....lu t '/11 • ., 5.01 ". ..,11 11. '!. 2.1
'" .".• '" 10.' » .'114
~.. ,loO C ,11\ • •• 11.t ".. .1041 " .." - .. U2.1 .- .. "" 11. , H.' • .~
• ,. ".. S_'l .-T_lt.. ( ,no " ." 31.2 ••• ..." ]• ., ,. .G •110& .. !. J.I.. 17.7 H.' ." .-I_Uto ,'''I " '" 0.' IS.' ./llS
]• '" .- 160S=. •
" ... m, .~ • 101'.. " ID ., .-• r...... yt__tU • ~., 1".2 ,~ .121t "'......,...." ..11< ,...11. • SfoIi.S "., It.I' .1/1. "!oIl
" ,~ \1. I 171.6 ,~ It!. •~It.t_. "",I.. I:AII a,s • 135.' lG4.1 l.16S ,71"
" 10,2/.1 .., IM.I .1511 Il,! 1
~t'" .'•.1" I:AII .,1 • m.! Z~.l ,.. .7122
• m.' lI. I ".H .nu U=.14
" 10\1 U on;./ .7)11 ~,
....... , .. of'CO$lt ,...1.. ..... .,. • 1".5 a.' .1117 .11&4
• _.. ••• 21." .IZI' U~lS
" "1.~ ~I.l "." .n" 1t!.1......·'-11.. UIl lIlI • •., ~.. ,.. .nu
"_.. ,.. n.H .- 1'::10
.....·_1'.. UII Ill' • .., _.. ..~ .-" ~., 1'.S 11.1Z .= 1'::10
" ..I<le ...h. _m • UZ.S S".l .Iii" .-"
_.. ".. H" .,. IJ:=: '" ..I" 1<011.. PI Hot • 1Il.Z ZI1.' Z.I~S .llll
" ~.. It.l '" .,. IJ:=: 6QJ:·il.tlto .doht LW lilt • IM.l ••• '.M .11D
"_..
l1.. u." .nll ll.:."
" 41'.l ,.. 033.1 .,. 1Z~ 1t"e..lcu<l,I.t W 1IZ1 • 11.6 '''.1 I.IJ1 .Ilta
'" J.tl.8 .., lll.S .a, ZI!. 1
" 6O·.Z ,.. I'" ••• 14!. 1tllc..ltot<llht WllU • I01.J ,.... 1.SJ\ .lln
" "'.1 11.1 lSZ.6 .1'~ 16.:. S
UII 11" • '" Zl.l IS." .". "lUll 116 • In.1 ".. .." .'m• ." .nlS
_11. • nl.l ••• 14.1S .~1I
• 1f.l~ .H"_IUt • Ill. I n .• It. ,. .71"
.... lite~ .... -- • 110.' •• .." .,. .114J:=:ZJ l"'::Z1
• .." .,._ 11~
• 1•. ' "., lD.ll' .-_'11 • lil.' ".. 11.111 .-• It.1lI •••.". • IIl.6 "., lI.1t .'m• 16." .111
R.\DIOMETRIC GEOCl-lRONOLOGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 221
TABLE 5 (continued)Rb/Sr
Rock ,,"po S..... I••• Kot.ed&1 ••• "- SlrJltll6:i, (81s"ll6:ir l. (31S,t86S,lt ••• R".
8,0.ltl< _1<. ..... 1119 • ". tI. 1 15.~ .7656 lU.!.21.. ~., , 51U .9JIl 2J!- 1.1
" S13.8 ,, ,," .9154 ll.!. ..Gro.itl< II"tl" I:AW 816 • 111.1 "' .." .m9 2".!.21
• .." .1J1S.. s2o.' lD.6 13.600 .1811 SIi.!.ll,,"nltl< 1I"t1.. ..... 818 • 151.1 31.S 1~.15 .1611 2~~=.11
• 1~.IS .1618.. 681.6 .., 531 .• . \I(l71 20=.1.1
" 9(11. 7 •• ~91. 5 .81~1 I!- UGro.ltl'II".I" ..... 1118 • 171.1 15,3 19.1' .1~1~ lU.!.21.. 103.8 '.' 615 .• I.Dl1 3D:!. 1.6
" 355. ~ •• 116.1 .&J19 11=. ~.~Gro.I,I, 11"01..
~'" • 110.6 •• 6.59 ..m lU.!.11
G,,,ltl, _h.~." • 8.\9 .,~ ".. 6S9.6 .., 13~.0 .~138 1~=. 3
" = .• ,., '161.1 .1'01S lZ=. 1SrI"ltl' 1I"t1.. ..... 1116 • 138.• "., 10.00< ,~ 2"=.11.. _. ,.. 11S.9 .SlSJ IS.!. 3
" "" u _., .SI6~ 11=. IGco.ltl'II".I .. W 811 • 163.9 1~ .• 19.7 .1661 1..=.11
• 19.7 .ISt5.. nS.9 ,. 600'.2 .~'l 18=. 1.4
" 1109.1 ,. Ul.~ .~1~ ~=. l.9
" 1151.3 ~I'. I .SIll •• 131. I •• 1l.16 .1641 .19=.10
• 1/. I 9.9l ''" "" 11. 8 12.9 '.9' .1~IO 21.!.~1
• ~51. ~ IJ.~ It. 61 .186l .6.!.~1
• II. 1 18.1 1. os .n.. Sll.!.~1
S",I'I, 9,,*10. ~ •. • m.6 "., 1•. 7S .n~ lU.!.2J
• 10. J8 .ms.. 71~ .• ., ~, ,.- 39.!. 1
"_.
21_ 1 111.9 .1'81 -\S.!. Ir.,..'lto ~"' • \02. J 115.6 ,.> .IIS9
• 1612.• ••• 115.1 'm 21J.!. •
[ 1o...... Window .. 71~ .• " 15C.l .l'On ",.n, • '" " 12.88 .1&<6
\"n, "" n, " 12.1\ .1.~1 . roS8.!.5C 31!i.!.:33n, • '" " 11.10 . 1612
n, "" ... " 11.l~ .1519
::'-"Itl, _I.... n , • N. .. 1.65 ' Jt(ll "n, • '" " 8,63 .1.56 '" ,-n. • '" .. 10.'7 ,1581n, • '" .. 10.'7 ,751~
}n' • '" " I .6~ .708n. • '" '" .." .7128 .1186.!.15 '"
,,,s-w hut... Window • ". ,. ~.51 .13lSGro.ltl, u.tho9n.l .. ." "" '" .. 2.Dl .1116.!.1~ 16.S.=- , ..
" - ••• 462.34 .81/5=.21Gro.ltl< u,toq... l" ., , • ,. m 1.11 .1\11. ~ 1•• S.=- I
" '" ,. 231l.Dfi .1591.!.1'
Gro.HI< .rt~lI"tl.. .,. • ,. ". 1. IS .1\!a. ~ 10.l.!. ," '" "
1l19.D/ .915l.!.11
Gr""HI< ."Mgntl"., , • " m ,.
.1108+ ~ 16.9.!. ,"
,. ,, SSl.2O .8-IlI.!.11
Cr'""I, o.thognol .. ." • '" '" 1.11 .1191.!. ~ " , .." ." , 951. 95 .921~9
1.... 'ltl' o"lv>9Ml.. ." • '" '" 1.35 .11lt.!.~ 18.l.!. •" '"
,.. ID1J.!l/i •!IS )1'
222 F.P. SASSI, G. CAVAZZINl, D. VISO:"A. A. DEL MORO
TABLE j «ontl1fud)Rb/Sr
....k .". ~'c". "" .....'.1 *- "- II...,Ms, (IIS'/Msrl. (1ISr/Ms')1 ~. .,.
".11.._'.. ~, 10 • .. ~ ,.. .'1l':~ 1I.1!. r.o
" "' ... -" .1)10!.S6
tolucllln Wl-" • • ,. .. ._'~ " :. '.1$_;: , ........ 10'1- " ~ 11. S 111.1l .ml!.
....od .....1.. lIS lStll • '" " .. .~. '" •• .." "' ••• • ./l9la \/.': .,'.1 • " '" " . Illl)/............,.. .- • "' ".. 11." ./li/!. '" "" "' rl.' ".. .mm .. , .,rcld • "' .. .-
l'ABLE REFERENCES
1 - BAU1Ul et al., 19782 - BEs",sc et al., 19683 BoRSI '" FUlIAu, 19674 - BaRSI et aI., 1966, . BaRSI ~t aI., 19686 - BaRSI et aI., 1%97 . BoUt et aI., 19728 . BoUt et aI., 197J9 . BoUt et al., 1974
10 . BoUt et al., 1978.11 . BoUt et aI., 1978 b12 . BoRSt Cl aI., 1979\j BaRSt Ct al.. 1980a14 - BoUt el aI., 1980b1:5 . c...VAZZtNt. 198316 . CLIFF, 197117 . CUFF. 197718 . CUFF. 1981
19 _ CLIFF'" CoMES. 198020 • CLIFF'" OnURGH, 197121 . CLIFF'" REX, 197622 - D'AM1CO et al., 198023 DEL MORO '" V1SON~, 19822~ _ DEL MORO et aI., 19802' _ DEL MORO et al., 198226 . DEL MOlo et aI., 198427 - FuulA et .1., 1962
28 . HAMMUSQ-t.....1DT. 198129 . H"'IIlIE et al., 196830 . }AGU '" METZ, 197131 . }&Gu ~t aI., 1%932 - MILLER et aI., 196733 _ S!r.Ttl, 1975)4 • ScH.'-ttDT et al., 196735 . THONI. 198)
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RADIOMETRIC GEOCHRONOLQGY IN THE EASTERN ALPS 223
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224 F.P. SAS SI, G. CAVAZZINI, D. VISONA, A, DEl. MORO
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