Radiology Department

What is Radiation Therapy?

Radiation Therapy is a clinical specialty that employs radiation to treat cancer and

other medical conditions. Two types of Radiation Therapy are available; External

Radiation Therapy and Internal Radiation Therapy. External Radiation Therapy

utilizes high-energy penetrating wave or particle beams that are used to damage or

destroy cancerous cells. External

Radiation Therapy may also be used as a form of treatment for some non-cancerous

diseases, and is frequently delivered on a recurring outpatient basis. High-energy

beams do not leave the patient ‘radioactive’ and there are no concerns about

exposure of the patient to other persons post-treatment.

Radiology division:

1-Radio Therapy part 2-

Radiology diagnostics

• X-ray rooms.

• Control room.

• Waiting area.

• Staff office.

• Utility room.

• Dark room.

• Film view.

• Store.

Location:

• Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.

• Easily accessible from internal division.

• Ground floor is preferred.

1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):

• 50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2

• 200 bed hospital area = 220-240 m2

Examples for radiology department 100 bed hospital , total area = 155m2

CT simulator room

Fig. this Fig (a) Design of the iMRI device. (b-d) Illustration of how the iMRI device is

mounted on a radiotherapy LINAC gantry, while allowing the gantry and couch to be

placed at different angles for radiotherapy delivery. Vertical blue line and horizontal red

line indicate couch and gantry rotational axes.

Ct simulator room .

Radiation therapy room design, also known as linear accelerator vault design,

is particularly challenging because these rooms can be quite intimidating for

patients. Linear accelerator vaults are designed to meet specific requirements

dictated by equipment, shielding, location within the hospital, and other

factors.

Typically, these requirements result in boxy configurations with high-tech

equipment that neither reduce patient stress nor alleviate anxieties about

treatment. The following are a few techniques to make radiotherapy room

design more comfortable for patients while still meeting shielding and space

requirements.

Completely door less vaults require additional square footage, but they

remove the need for a door.

Direct entry/mazeless vaults like the one pictured from Rust Medical

Center, take up the least square footage but require more shielding and

thicker walls.Mini-maze vaults add some square footage and reduce some of

the shielding requirements.

Maze configurations like the image below from Kaseman Hospital, balance

shielding and square footage requirements.

Interior Design and Materials

Because the linear accelerator is a large, unnerving piece of equipment, it’s

important to add design elements that soften the environment. Using warm

materials in the treatment space will take focus away from the equipment and

help ease the patient during treatment.

Once the vault door is closed it is important to balance the amount of solid

surfaces to softer surfaces. Solid surfaces are included for cleanability and

infection control while softer surfaces are included to reduce the chamber

echo effect inside of the vault.

Internal medical treatment division

Operation theatre:

Parts and components of the division:

• Entrance.

• Storage. • Preparation room. • Access area.

• Staff clothes room + WCs. • Operation theatre.

• Cleanup room.

• Sub sterilizing room. • Supervision room. •

Staff lockers.

Operating room: is designed and equipped for performing surgical operations.

•A squared room is advised. •Height of artificial lighting: 3m + 0.7m for

ventilation and electric fittings. •Shades are required.

•Uniformly smooth and easily washable walls and floors. •Color: light blue or

light green •Temperature: 18-20 Celsius •Floor should be slip resistance.

•Smooth wall corners required for hygienic reasons. Note: We have two types of

operating theatre major and minor. Major must be a very sterilized, clean and protected

zone with a higher height compared to the other parts, and more restricted, while the

minor is less.

Steps before entering the operation room (for children):

1.Examination

2.Changing room

3.Sterile room

4.Operation room

5.Recovery room

6.Inpatient

Steps before entering the operation room (for

maternity):

1.Labor

2.Delivery room

3.Recovery room

4.Operation room

Scrub room Area: 9.25sqm Is a room where the doctors prepare and

sterile themselves for the operation. •Facilities must include a scrub sink for at least 3 people, with hands free operable controls. •Scrub position should be provided near the entrance to each operating room. •Scrub facilities should be arranged to minimize incidental splatter on near by personnel, medical equipment or supply carts. •View windows at scrub stations permitting observation of room interiors

should be provided.

Sterilization room Area: 10 – 15 sqm Is a room in which medical and surgical supplies and equipments, both sterile and are cleaned, prepared, stored and issued for patient care. •A direct connection with the operating room is required. •Two different sides are required: a non-sterilized side with non-sterilized implements and a sterilized one. •Fit up with a sink, working and storage areas.

Area: 110 sqm Is a large room that accepts post-operative patients. There

should be a nurses observation point with a view of all beds.

•Includes clean utility area of 10 sqm and a dirty utility room of 10 sqm.

•Each bed or recovery space shall be 2,40 sqm.

•Each bed space shall be cubical with curtains and shall have a service

pendants or wall panels at the head of each bed.

•There are be two sets of exit doors, one set leaving to the main hospital

wards, and the other set directly into the intensive care unit.

•The connecting door to the intensive care should be through the clean

corridor, passing through a changing room where person are required to

change into clean surgical type before entering the operating theatre.

Example of the surgery

department.

Interior design parameters

Walls

1.Walls are to be painted with seamless coating material which is

bacteriostatic and can tolerate washing with detergents and disinfectants

without deterioration of surface bonding. 2.Walls must be smooth without

cracks, seams, open joints, crevices or dividers which harbor dust, insects or

bacteria and all cut edges should be tapered to the wall to prevent collection

of dust 3.Wall surfaces should be hard and resist impact, impermeable, stain

proof and easy to clean.

Floors: Throughout the operating theater suite (the theater, anesthesia room, scrubbing-up room

and recovery room). The flooring should be 2-5 mm thick flexible, antistatic vinyl sheet.

Welded at the seems, to provide a safe continuous water proof surface. - All corners

shall be rounded slightly to prevent the harboring of dust and bacteria, and there shall be

no cracks or cervices at the seams or at the walls, which may allow pests such as ants

and cockroaches into these clean areas.

Ceiling :–

Ceiling will be smooth, without cervices or seams and capable of withstanding harsh

chemicals - Ceiling shall be easily cleanable, non-friable and monolithic. -Cracks or

perforations in these ceilings are not allowed.

There will be double door from the anesthetic room into the theater, and from the theater

through the exit lobby, at least 1.5 meter in width

-Doors should NOT be manufactures of wooden material.

- - All doors will have a small, high window and electronically operated.

-- Doors should be made of washable material which can tolerate washing with

detergents and disinfectants.

Services:- Air supply

The air supply to each operating theater suit should be independent, so that it

can be switched off and maintained without affecting the entire theater

complex. If this is not feasible, each unit should supply no more than two

separate suits. Types of air supply: Air is supplied to the operating theater by:

1- Plenum Ventilation (conventional): This is the most frequently used

system in general purpose operating rooms. 2- Laminar flow ventilation: The

laminar flow is usually used in specialized orthopedic units and

cardiothoracic units, often in conjunction with sophisticated closed.

Air changes – Maintenance of 20 -24 changes per hour, of which at least 5 should be fresh

air from outside.

• Approximately 80% of the air in the room is recycled through a canopy

over the operating table and passes through a 5μm filter.

Illumination –

Operating and delivery rooms should have general lighting in addition to

special lighting units provided at surgical and obstetrical tables.

-General lighting and special lighting shall be on separate circuits.

-Lighting should be bright and evenly light spaces.

-Lamps should render colors natural.

-Lamp surfaces should be easy to clean and not collect dust. - Fixtures should

limit glare or any other undesirable reflections and direct view of lamps.

Operating theatre contains two zones

1. The dirty and outer zone, that contains :

•Main access corridor, reception, and waiting area.

•An entrance to the changing facilities.

•Accessible area for the removal of wastes.

•Dirty utility room or soiled work room.

2. The clean zone, that contains:

•The sterile supplies.

•General purpose storing area (for storage of stretchers, wheelchairs, patient

transfer and carrying devices, etc.)

•Medication station

•Anesthesia room

•Sub-sterile area

•Recovery area

•Scrubbing area

•A clean corridor

•Clean utility room

•Rest area and lounge for staff

Another important department should be beside the surgery department it is:

Maternity Department:- A maternity hospital specializes in caring for women

during pregnancy and childbirth. It also provides care for newborn infants,

and may act as a center for clinical training in midwifery and obstetrics.

Formerly known as lying-in hospitals, most of them, like cottage hospitals,

have been absorbed into larger general hospitals, where they operate as the

maternity department.

It is very important department where the children come without a surgery.

Maternity natural delivery should be lies beside the surgery department

because some cases are very hard cases so the patient need a surgery to born

therefore it should be near the surgery department and the icu department.

The Maternity Unit provides facilities for:

Antenatal care of mothers with complications during pregnancy

Assessment, management of labor, delivery and immediate post-

delivery observation of mothers Postnatal care of mothers following

birth – complicated or uncomplicated deliveries.

Neonatal care by mothers under supervision from nursing and

midwifery trained staff Neonatal care of newborns requiring special

care from specialist neonatal medical and nursing staff.

The Maternity Unit incorporates:- Birthing Unit Inpatient accommodation – Antenatal Inpatient accommodation –

Postnatal Nurseries:

- General care

- Special Care (SCN)

- Intensive Care Nursery - which may be collocated with other Intensive Care Units.

Internal Spaces & Relations The internal spaces of maternity unit includes the following:

Entry/ Reception area Maternity Inpatient accommodation; bed areas for

antenatal and postnatal patients including:

- Bedrooms

- Ensuites and bathrooms

- Patient/ visitor lounge areas Support Areas including:

- Beverage making facilities

- Bays for storage, Linen, blanket warmer as required, Resuscitation Trolley and

mobile Equipment

- Cleaner’s room

- Clean Utility/ Medication Room

- Dirty Utility

- Disposal Room

- Hand washing facilities in corridors, at entries and exits

- Staff Station

- Storerooms for equipment and general supplies

Nursery areas:

- General Care Nursery for well babies

- Special Care Nursery for babies requiring closer observation and care

- Intensive Care for newborns requiring life support. Nursery Support Areas

- Feeding Room for mothers to receive assistance with feeding from nursing staff

- Formula Room for holding milk supplies

- Clean and Dirty Utility Rooms

- Clean-up room for cleaning cots and mobile equipment

- Store rooms for equipment, consumable stock, sterils supplies Staff Areas

- Offices and workstations

- Staff Room

- Toilets, Shower and Lockers. Shared Areas

- Including Bathrooms, Treatment room, Visitors lounge and amenities that may

be shared with an adjacent unit.

Space Dimensions:- Single/twin birth – room layout options the overall room area will be

dependent on the relationship of associated spaces (clinical wash-hand

pool, storage and en-suite) and whether additional space will be

required in order to access the room.

Example of

maternity

department plan.

Delivary Room

• zoning