Upload
johanna-alastair
View
236
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 1/12
RADIOLOGY
Training in
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists®
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 2/12
About the CollegeThe Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) is the leading
professional organisation for the promotion of the science and practice of the medical
specialties of Radiology and Medical Imaging (Diagnostic and Interventional) and Radiation
Oncology in Australia and New Zealand. The College has members in Australia and New
Zealand and throughout the world.
MissionTo promote, encourage and provide for the advancement of the study and the practice of
the sciences known as Diagnostic Radiology and Diagnostic Medical Imaging, Therapeutic
Radiology and Oncology and allied sciences for the carrying out of research and experimental
work in connection with these sciences.
MottoThe translation of the College motto “Lumen Afferimus Morbis” is, “We cast light on disease”.
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 3/12
An Introductionto RadiologyRadiology is central to the clinical practice of medicine across a wide range of disciplines. It is
the best practical way to diagnose, monitor treatment and detect progression or relapse of many
important and common diseases in a minimally invasive and anatomically precise manner. As aconsequence of the increasing sophistication and accuracy of clinical imaging, the utilisation
and importance of radiology has increased dramatically and consistently over the last 20 years.
There is a greater and greater need for more radiologists of increasingly better quality and skills,
and this shows no sign of abating. It is also a highly portable profession, specic national and
state regulations notwithstanding.
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) aims to produce
highly competent clinical radiologists with a wide range of expert diagnostic and interventional
skills, as well as medical professionals who are able to participate in management, collaborative
research, team-based medical care, and keep up with the new developments in imaging for
the benet of patients in Australia and New Zealand. The College has long had an enviable
reputation worldwide for producing excellent radiologists.
As mentioned earlier, diagnostic radiology is a speciality that is primarily used in the diagnosis
of disease processes. However, in the last 20 years, accurate anatomical depiction of disease
processes has enabled radiologists to develop the subspeciality of Vascular and InterventionalRadiology. The utilisation of these techniques is already well established, and continues to
expand with new methods of minimally invasively treating medical diseases and insertingmedical devices. Such conditions include but are not limited to treating vascular pathology such
as vascular occlusions, stenoses, malformations and aneurysms; unresectable tumours using
transarterial or percutaneous approaches; injection of various substances for management of
fractures, tumours, and painful conditions; stoppage of uncontrollable bleeding; drainage of
deeply placed infected or neoplastic collections; and placement of intravascular or intracavitary
catheters for therapy or repeated drainage. Newer technologies on the horizon promise evenmore roles for interventional radiologists in the future.
More research into clinical utility, outcomes and the impact of radiology is being actively sought
by all governments, and the value of imaging education and research has been elevated in most
Universities. There is thus a rapidly growing potential for academic development in Medical
Imaging. Fullling careers in private and public practice, management and academia are all
possible in Radiology. The College recognises that research has an important role to play inadvancing the science of radiology.
A career in Diagnostic and Interventional/Therapeutic Radiology (Medical Imaging) offers
exciting opportunities and excellent employment prospects to interested medical graduates.
Professor Shih-chang (Ming) WangChief Censor in Radiology
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR)
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 4/12
A radiologist is a specialist medical doctor who has had specic postgraduate
training in performing and interpreting diagnostic imaging tests and interventional
procedures or treatments that involve the use of X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic
resonance imaging equipment. Radiologists are trained to assist other doctors and
specialists to treat their patients by making a diagnosis and providing treatment
using medical imaging. Radiologists have the medical knowledge to understand
and explain your medical problem or symptom through the images that are takenof various parts of the inside of the body.
Radiologists can choose to work in various subspecialties of radiology such as
breast imaging, interventional radiology, musculoskeletal imaging, cardiac imaging,
or paediatric imaging.
What is aRadiologist?
The discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen heralded the arrival ofa totally new method of medical diagnosis. The past century has witnessed an
explosion in the increasingly sophisticated utilisation of X-rays and other energy
sources such as radioisotopes (nuclear medicine), ultrasound and magnetic
resonance imaging to enable us to provide a very accurate display of humananatomy, pathology and physiology. Modern diagnostic imaging methods clearly
dene a huge variety of disease processes, and also allow evaluation of the
effects of treatment. The newer imaging modalities also enable the diagnostic
radiologist to undertake sophisticated interventional and therapeutic procedures.
Discoveryof X-rays
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 5/12
Most radiologists work in a public or private hospital or
private radiology practices. They are there to assist otherdoctors in diagnosing and treating illness. Radiologists do
this by understanding when an imaging test may be needed
to answer a question about a symptom, disease, injury
or treatment, etc. and also when imaging is unlikely to be
helpful. If an imaging test is needed, radiologists know which
test is likely to be the best one to answer the question, or, ifmore than one test is needed, in which order the tests should
be done to get the best result. When a radiologist receives
a request for a test or interventional treatment of a problem,
he or she considers the different imaging tests available,
considers the risks and benets of the different ways ofobtaining imaging to assist in answering the question, and
determines what test or treatment to do and how best to do it.
Radiologists communicate the results of diagnostic and
interventional imaging through a written report sent to the
referring doctor. Radiologists work as part of a clinical team
so that they can participate actively in decision making aboutimaging tests.
There are three types of radiology – diagnostic, interventional
and therapeutic (called radiation oncology):
What does a Radiologist do?Diagnostic:
Diagnostic imaging uses plain X-ray radiology, computerised
tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound
and nuclear medicine imaging techniques to obtain images that
are interpreted to aid in the diagnosis of disease.
Interventional:
Interventional radiologists treat as well as diagnose disease using
imaging equipment. Interventional radiologists may sub-specialise
further so that they only treat abnormalities of the brain or spinal
cord (neurointervention) or of the blood vessels elsewhere in the
body (angiointervention). Interventional radiology is a minimallyinvasive procedures using X-ray, magnetic or ultrasound images
to guide the procedures, usually done with tiny instruments and
thin plastic tubes called catheters inserted through an artery or vein.
Radiation Oncology:
Radiation oncology uses radiation to treat diseases such as
cancer, using radiation therapy. These specialists are not calledradiologists, but radiation oncologists, even though they belong to
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 6/12
How to become a RadiologistIn Australia, New Zealand and Singapore newly qualied
doctors are required to complete at least two years of generalmedical work under supervision in a hospital before they
can apply to enter one of the specialist training programs for
diagnostic radiology. Entry into the training program, as for
all specialist training programs, is highly competitive and a
minority of applicants enter the ve (5) year training program
accredited by The Royal Australian and New Zealand Collegeof Radiologists (RANZCR).
The radiology training program consists of two phases:
• Phase 1: Three years of general radiology training
• Phase 2: Two years of systems-focused (as distinguished
from subspeciality) rotations for advanced radiology training.
During the ve (5) year training period, trainees take two sets
of examinations (Part 1 and Part 2). The Radiology Curriculum
contains both Medical Expert and non-Medical Expert content
and learning objectives, in keeping with the principles of theCanMEDS 2000 medical professional framework, developed
by The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.
Non-medical expert content includes Communications Skills
(Communicator), Team Work (Collaborator), Management
and Administrative Skills (Manager), Patient Support and Advocacy (Health Advocacy), Research and Education (Scholar)
and Professionalism (Professional).
Medical expert content includes the Radiological Anatomy and
Normal Variants, Applied Imaging Technology, Pathology, PatientSafety, Report Writing, Radiodiagnosis of Specic Body Systemsand the Key Conditions in Early Training.
Once trainees have completed ve (5) years of training and
passed the Part 2 examination and become a Fellow of the
College, they may decide to obtain additional subspecialty
training through advanced training positions in Australia, New
Zealand and/or overseas. These opportunities allow recentlyqualied radiologists to concentrate on one area of the specialty
of radiology, such as breast imaging, interventional radiology,
musculoskeletal radiology, or paediatric imaging.
About 80 doctors per year complete their training
as radiologists in Australia, New Zealand
and Singapore.
Why becomea Radiologist?Radiology is at the forefront of technological advances in clinical medicine. The ability to
produce pictures of the human body using many different techniques has revolutionised
the practice of medicine over the past hundred years. Radiologists are central members
of the multidisciplinary clinical care team and play an important role in the diagnosis andtreatment of disease in adults and children (including babies and foetuses). Radiology
offers tremendous scope for a varied career in clinical medicine, teaching and research
utilising cutting edge technology. The practice of radiology is becoming more highly sub
specialised as imaging technology increases in its sophistication and complexity.
Where does a Radiologist study?Radiology students undertake their postgraduate specialist radiology training in a
hospital or practice setting. This is often in the public sector but increasingly the private
sector is becoming involved in postgraduate training of radiologists.
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 7/12
Goals and Objectives ofRadiology TrainingThe principal objectives of the Diagnostic Radiology Training
Program is to ensure that registrars in training develop
the communication and analytical problem solving skills
necessary to function as effective diagnostic radiologists.
During the training program the registrars are expected
to develop the nely tuned cognitive and observation
skills required to enable accurate interpretation of plain
radiographs, CT, nuclear medicine, ultrasound and MRimages. It is also expected that trainees will develop the
specialised skills necessary to perform angiography and
simple interventional procedures.
The training program is organised to ensure that candidates areable to successfully complete a number of learning modules,
various in-training assessments, and both the Part 1 and Part 2
examinations within the ve (5) year training period.
Radiology trainees who complete the training program are
primarily broadly skilled and safe general radiologist. Howeverthe program does provide opportunities for system focused
rotation in the later stages of training aimed at providing morein-depth training for specic subspeciality areas of radiology with
appropriate supervision, on a part-time basis in conjunction with
general radiology work.
Assessments, Examinations
and Practical TrainingRadiology training is for the most part an adult learning
process supplemented and guided by appropriate mentoring,
supervision and both didactic and experiential teaching.The broad bulk of training experience and knowledge is gained
through self-reection, study, self-improvement and active
learning on the part of the trainee.
All radiology curriculum content is assessable
and/or examinable. The program utilises a
range of assessment methods which can beundertaken on multiple occasions throughout
all phases of training.
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 8/12
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 9/12
Post FellowshipMost radiologists continue their clinical (patient centred) career
for many years but many choose to combine this with teaching,
research, further study in the form of a subspecialty Fellowshipor postgraduate research qualication such as an MD or PhD.
Administration of radiology departments in public hospitals and
executive management of private radiology practices is also
performed by radiologists.
At the scientic and educational level, the College holds an
Annual Scientic Meeting, which presents on the range of imagingtechniques now practised and arranges regular scientic meetings
through its Branches.
The College administers a number of Fellowships, awards, grants
and prizes. Chief among these are the Carestream Professorship
and the Thomas Baker Fellowship.
The College publishes its own bi-monthly journal, the Journal
of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology and quarterly
newsletter, Inside News.
Prerequisites
for StudyingRadiology
To be accepted into the College’s training program, a candidate
must:
a) Have appropriate basic medical qualications:
• be a graduate of a medical school recognised by a medical
board in Australia and the Council of the RANZCR (or
have successfully completed both Part I and Part II AMC
examinations for overseas medical graduates in Australia)or • be a graduate of a medical school recognised by the Medical
Council of New Zealand and the Council of the RANZCR
(or have successfully completed the NZREX for overseas
medical graduates in New Zealand)
or
• be a graduate of a medical school recognised by the registeringauthority of the country in which the RANZCR training
program is conducted and the Council of the RANZCR
and
b) Be fully registered as a medical practitioner by the registering
authority recognised by the Council of the RANZCR, in the stateor country in which the RANZCR training program is conducted
and
c) Have completed at least two full years in an approved hospital
as an intern/resident.
As a general rule, the College encourages experience in a
broad spectrum of clinical disciplines prior to undertakingradiology training.
An Accredited Radiology Training Program
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
is recognised by the Australian Medical Council (AMC), the
New Zealand Medical Council and the various medical boards
in Australia as the academic body responsible for setting thestandards of the training and assessment required to allow
recognition and registration as a specialist in radiology.
The aim of the radiology training program is to provide broadly-
based experience in all current imaging modalities. The standards
are set to ensure that, at the end of the ve (5) year trainingprogram, the trainee is capable of performing as a consultant
in radiology and can be recommended to the various medical
boards and specialist recognition committees in Australia and New
Zealand for registration as a Specialist in Diagnostic Radiology.
The College’s examinations and in-training assessments
ensure that these standards have been achieved. Uponsuccessful completion of the College’s training program
trainees are eligible to apply for Fellowship of The Royal
Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists,entitling them to use the post-nominal’s FRANZCR.
The Fellowship (FRANZCR) is recognised throughout Australia,New Zealand and Singapore as evidence of attainment of
specialist knowledge and training in one of the fastest developing
and most useful branches of medicine: the use of imaging to
contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.
Radiology EducationGovernance
The training, education and conduct of examinations are
the responsibility of the RANZCR Radiology EducationBoard. The Board consists of the Chief Censor in Radiology,
Chief Accreditation Ofcer, the College President a Branch
Education Ofcer (BEO) from each State and a radiology
trainee representative.
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 10/12
Entering the TrainingProgram
Selection of Trainees
Candidates applying to train in radiology must meet the
following criteria:
• Must meet the prerequisites for entry into thetraining program
• High standard of academic performance
• Dedication and interest in pursuing a career in
diagnostic radiology
• Good interpersonal and professional communication skills
• Personal commitment to continuing professional education
and development
• Satisfactory professional referee reports
• Satisfactory reports from previous and current employers
• Interest and commitment to research.
Enrolment with the
College
Following commencement of training, a candidate must agree
to abide by all the regulations and rules governing trainingand assessment for the College. In addition, all trainees mustapply for Student Membership of the College.
Training Positions
Selection of trainees depends on undergraduate medical course
results, previous interest as demonstrated by radiology electives,publications or presentations, performance as an intern based onreferences and an interview.
Currently the majority of training is undertaken at training sites
in the public sector, In the longer term it is envisaged that the
majority of training will be undertaken in a training network
structure with trainees rotating between several training sites inthe public and private sector located in metropolitan, rural and
regional areas.
Training sites must be accredited by the College. Accreditation
is based on many factors including medical school afliation,
number and case mix of examinations and patients, number of
consultants (faculty members), spectrum of clinical departments,
teaching program, reference book and lm libraries and accessto all imaging modalities. In particular, each trainee must be
guaranteed training in each imaging modality, and training must
be obtained under the direct supervision of specialists in radiology
recognised by the College.
The College has accepted that certain overseas departments,
private hospitals and private radiology practices may be accredited
for training provided the guidelines laid down by the Education
Board are met.
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 11/12
Australian Capital Territory
The Canberra Hospital
New South Wales
Concord Repatriation HospitalJohn Hunter Hospital
Liverpool Hospital
Nepean HospitalPrince of Wales HospitalRoyal North Shore Hospital
Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSt George Hospital
St Vincent’s HospitalWestmead Hospital
Queensland
Princess Alexandra Hospital
Royal Brisbane and Women’s
Hospital
South Australia
Flinders Medical CentreRoyal Adelaide Hospital
The Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Tasmania
Royal Hobart Hospital
Victoria
Austin HealthMonash Medical Centre
Geelong Hospital(Barwon Medical Imaging)
Northern HospitalRoyal Melbourne Hospital
St Vincent’s HospitalThe Alfred Hospital
Western Hospital
Western Australia
Royal Perth HospitalSir Charles Gairdner Hospital
New Zealand
Auckland Hospital
Christchurch HospitalDunedin Hospital
Waikato HospitalWellington Hospital
Singapore
National University Hospital
Singapore
Current Training SitesThe number of positions available for vocational training is
determined by the funding provided for such training by the
various Health Departments, the New Zealand Health Authority
and the National University Hospital, Singapore. For the number
of positions available please contact the relevant training sites,Head of Department or Director of Training. Universities in
Australia and New Zealand are publicly funded institutions and
the majority of accredited training positions are in departments
with some afliation with medical schools of those universities.
As such there is erce competition for training places.
Accredited Training Sites
7/23/2019 Radiology Booklet Feb11 Final
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/radiology-booklet-feb11-final 12/12
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists ®
Level 9, 51 Druitt Street, SYDNEY NSW 2000 AUSTRALIA
Tel +61 (0)2 9268 9777Fax +61 (0)2 9268 9799
Email: [email protected]
For more information visit the College website: www.ranzcr.edu.au
For more information about radiology procedures visit: www.insideradiology.com.au
Thank you to the Radiology Department at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney who assisted with images.