Radioactive waste management in The Netherlands I

Ewoud Verhoef and Hans Codée COVRA NV

8 December 2014

Miljøudvalget 2014-15 (1. samling)MIU Alm.del - Bilag 102

Offentligt

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CONTENT

•  Policy in the Netherlands

•  Management in practice

•  Geological disposal

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CONTENT

•  Policy in the Netherlands

•  Management in practice

•  Geological disposal

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

•  Isolate, Control, Monitor

•  radioactivity will decay

hazard disappears

keep the waste in a safe place

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

•  isolate in buildings

•  shallow land burial

•  control by society

100 - 300 years

up to many millions of years

•  isolation by nature (geology)

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE

•  2 nuclear power plants

1 operating (500 MWE)

1 shut down(GKN 1997)

•  2 research centers

•  U-enrichment plant

•  Mo-production

•  industry

•  medicine

•  research

1300 license holders

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE

•  HLW: 90 m3

•  LILW: 11.00 m3

•  NORM: 17.000 m3

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SOLUTIONS FOR THE NETHERLANDS

•  small amount of waste

•  high ground water table

•  high population density

•  high environmental awareness

•  advanced spatial

planning

no shallow disposal, only deep disposal

17 million people

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE POLICY

•  all waste managed and owned by COVRA

•  all waste at one industrial site

•  at least 100 years storage, in buildings

•  disposal after 100 years either in national or international context

(dual track)

•  research

stable policy since 1984

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CONTENT

•  Policy in the Netherlands

•  Management in practice

•  Geological disposal

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COVRA SITE

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COVRA SITE

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Source low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW)

•  NPPs

•  Hospitals &

laboratoria

•  Oreprocessing & process industry

RADIOACTIVE WASTE

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SUPERCOMPACTION

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INCINERATION

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STORAGE CONTAINERS LILW

1.   Supercompacted puck

2.   Concrete

3.   Gegalvanised drum

4.   Concrete overpack

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STORAGE BUILDINGS LILW

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STORAGE LILW

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STACKING LILW CONTAINERS

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RADIOACTIVE DECAY

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HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE STORAGE AND TREATMENT BUILDING (HABOG)

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Source High Level radioactive Waste (HLW)

•  NPPs

•  Research reactors

RADIOACTIVE WASTE

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Recycling HLW

• France

• GB

RADIOACTIVE WASTE

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HABOG DESIGN CRITERIA

All events > 10-6 / a

•  Earthquake

•  Plane crash (F-16)

•  Flooding + 10 m NAP

•  Gas cloud explosions

•  Whirlwind up to 125 m/s

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HABOG LAYOUT

Treatment Storage Reception

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HABOG LAYOUT

Treatment Storage Reception

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HABOG LAYOUT

Treatment Storage Reception

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HABOG CROSS-SECTION

Heat producing waste Non-heat producing waste

Ventilation shaft

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HABOG PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEEM

Air in

Air out

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SAFE = BEAUTIFUL

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2003

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2023

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2043

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2063

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2083

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2103

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CONTENT

•  Policy in the Netherlands

•  Management in practice

•  Geological disposal

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE POLICY

•  all waste managed and owned by COVRA

•  all waste at one industrial site

•  at least 100 years storage, in buildings

•  disposal after 100 years either in national or international context

(dual track)

• research

COVRA TIME SCHEME

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OPERA

•  Goals & ambitions:

Roadmap Research

1.  Evaluation previous studies

2.  Initial, conditional Safety Case

3.  Societal aspects

4.  Re-activate competences

•  Focus: Boom clay (and rocksalt)

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DISPOSAL CONCEPT

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DISPOSAL CONCEPT

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DISPOSAL CONCEPT

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OPERA STATUS

•  Two calls for proposals (in 2011 and 2012)

•  21 projects

•  20 organisations

Roadmap & Safety Case 2016