Radio Graphic

November 2004

Radiographic Systems, Film; DigitalPurpose

General-purpose radiographic systems are used toperform routine diagnostic x-ray procedures providedby most hospitals, freestanding clinics, physician of-fices, and urgent care centers. More than 60% of allradiographs taken for routine examinations of theskull, respiratory organs, and skeletal system are pro-duced by general-purpose table systems.

The most basic film systems produce individual stillimages that allow for the examination and differentia-tion of internal organs and tissue structures. They mayalso offer Bucky, cross-table, horizontal, off-table, andother techniques. For more specialized procedures,some units can be enhanced with optional modularcomponents for fluoroscopy and linear tomography.

Digital radiographic systems use various methodsto acquire electronic x-ray images, which are digitizedfor viewing, storage, or hard-copy printing. Digitalimages are available almost immediately for viewingon a monitor. These images can be manipulated elec-tronically to enhance the region of interest and can betransmitted digitally to other locations. The patientpositioning and imaging techniques are identical tothose used in conventional radiography.

Principles of operationThe components of a general-purpose film or digital

radiographic table system are the table unit; the Buckyfilm tray and grid system; the film or digital system;the x-ray generator; the x-ray tube, housing, and sus-pension system; and the collimator (see Fig. 1).

Table unit

The table unit consists of a rectangular steel or metalalloy pedestal base or an open frame that supports a

193244424-010

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Scope of this Product ComparisonThis Product Comparison covers general-pur-pose radiographic systems, many of which offerlinear tomography attachments. For a discus-sion of tomographic features and specifications,see the Product Comparison titled RADIO-GRAPHIC/TOMOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS, LINEAR. Forother related information, see the followingProduct Comparisons:

• Digital Imaging Systems, ComputedRadiography

• Radiographic Units, Chest

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, General-Purpose; Cameras, Radiographic Photospot

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, Urological

• X-ray Generators

The chart lists radiographic imaging tablespecifications, defines types of film and digitalsystems, and lists preferred x-ray tubes and gen-erators, tube suspensions, and collimators. Somemodels in the chart do not include the entiresystem but may offer certain components withouta table.

UMDNS informationThis Product Comparison covers the followingdevice terms and product codes as listed inECRI’s Universal Medical Device NomenclatureSystem™ (UMDNS™):

• Radiographic Systems, Digital [18-430]

• Radiographic Systems, Film [17-174]

5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USATelephone +1 (610) 825-6000 � Fax +1 (610) 834-1275 � E-mail [email protected]

rectangular tabletop. Tabletops are fabricated of carb-on fiber, Formica, or other plastic or wood laminate.Regardless of the tabletop material, units must havean x-ray absorption coefficient of <2 mm aluminumequivalent depending on mechanical construction.Most tables listed in the chart have aluminum equiva-lents of ≤1 mm.

Tabletops vary in length from approximately 188 to240 cm (74 to 94 in) and in width from approximately61 to 86 cm (24 to 34 in). Fixed tables vary in heightfrom approximately 69 to 89 cm (27 to 35 in). Narrower,lower table units permit x-ray department personnelto more easily manipulate a recumbent patient; how-ever, they are less comfortable for the patient. Mosttabletops are moved electromechanically (float-top) intwo or four directions; some can tilt and move in asmany as six or eight directions. Tableside and footplatecontrols raise and lower the tabletop to facilitate liftingpatients onto its surface. Table systems with elevatingtabletops have a range of motion between approxi-mately 48 and 92 cm (19 and 36 in). Additional controlsposition the tabletop and patient relative to the x-raytube unit. Many tables can support patients weighingup to 225 kg (approximately 500 lb), and some tablescan support patients weighing up to 300 kg (approxi-mately 660 lb). Tabletop movement may be powerassisted by motors and gears housed within the tablebase. Power-assisted (motorized) movements are rela-tively quiet, reduce the risk of patient or staff injury,and when used with an overhead tube suspension

system, facilitate off-table and chest Bucky radiogra-phy. Tables with tilt capabilities can be used formyelography and intravenous pyelography withoutmoving the patient; those equipped with optionalfluoroscopic or linear tomographic accessories can beset up quickly and safely for these procedures withoutmoving the patient.

Tables can be equipped with handgrips, headclamps, compression bands, and footrests, dependingon the desired x-ray technique.

Bucky film tray and grid system

A hollow, longitudinal bin is located directly underthe tabletop unit and holds the film tray. To reducescatter radiation and thereby improve image quality,moving or stationary radiographic grids are used withthe film tray assembly. The grids consist of a series oflead foil strips interspaced with aluminum or plastic.Linear grids have parallel longitudinal strips and al-low the x-ray tube to be angled along the length of thegrid without loss of primary radiation. Crossed gridsconsist of two superimposed linear grids that have thesame focusing distance; these grids are used in proce-dures with a large amount of scatter radiation, such asbiplane cerebral angiography. Crossed grids cannot beused for techniques requiring an angled x-ray tube.Focused grids have angled lead strips and can be eitherlinear or crossed. The focusing range indicates thedistance from the x-ray tube within which the grid canbe used without causing lines to be formed across theimage. Parallel grids have lead strips that are parallelwhen viewed in cross-section. These grids are usedonly with very small x-ray fields, with long tube-to-griddistances, or in fluoroscopic spot-film devices.

Grid ratio, the ratio of the lead strips’ height to thedistance between them, indicates the grid’s ability toremove scatter radiation. For the models listed, grid

Overhead Tube Support

OverheadX-rayTube Unit

High-Voltage Cables

Collimator

Table Base

Bucky Film Tray and Grids

Generator Unit Tabletop Directional Controls

C3

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UN

3A

Tabletop

Figure 1. Typical general-purpose radiographic tablesystem; other similar table systems are equipped withan integrated table/tubestand rather than an overheadx-ray tube support

Digital radiography system

Healthcare Product Comparison System

2 ©2004 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited.

ratios vary from 6:1 to 14:1. The higher the ratio, themore radiation the grid absorbs; therefore, grids withhigher ratios provide maximum image quality. Gridswith an 8:1 ratio are adequate for <90 peak kilovoltage(kVp), and 12:1 grids are preferred for >90 kVp.

A moving grid (also called a Bucky or Potter-Buckyreciprocating grid) is used to eliminate the shadowscast by the lead strips. While the x-ray tube anoderotates, the grid continuously moves back and forth 1to 3 cm during the exposure; the speed of the grid’smovement is automatically adjusted to avoid imagingthe strips. Bucky systems are fully automatic, andmost accommodate cassettes up to 35 × 43 cm (14 × 17in) in size; some can use cassettes as large as 43 × 43cm (17 × 17 in). Some systems also use automaticcassette-size sensing to speed examination time. Atleast one model in the chart offers a flexible Bucky thatconverts to a universal Bucky unit to optimize lateralexposures.

Most Bucky systems also include automatic expo-sure control (AEC) devices, sometimes called pho-totimers, which automatically terminate radiographicexposures when sufficient x-ray intensity has reachedthe x-ray film cassette to provide acceptable film dark-ening. This feature ensures the production of satisfac-tory images, reducing the chance that human error willnecessitate repeat examinations. AEC devices includeone or more detector elements placed in front of or

behind the film cassette; the two most common types ofdetectors are photomultiplier tubes and ionization cham-bers. AEC devices are calibrated so that a predeter-mined film density is reached regardless of patient size.

Film radiography

As the x-rays enter the patient’s body, some of themare attenuated — that is, either absorbed or scatteredby the tissue they strike. The degree of attenuationdepends on tissue properties such as thickness anddensity. The x-rays that are not attenuated passthrough the patient and reach the film cassette. Anintensifying screen is generally placed on either sideof the film to convert the x-rays to light, which exposesthe film.

The x-ray film comprises a polyester or plastic basethat provides support, a protective gelatin supercoat-ing, and a silver-halide-based emulsion that forms theactual image. Chemical processing of the exposed filmproduces the image.

Digital radiography

Digital radiography is different from traditionalfilm-based radiography only from the point at whichthe x-rays reach the detector — the production of x-rays in digital radiography is identical to the methodused in traditional radiography. Once the x-rays haveinteracted with the patient, they are captured by acharge-coupled device (CCD) or flat-panel detector (anarray of thin-film diodes [TFDs], or thin-film transis-tors [TFTs]) instead of radiographic film. CCDs andflat-panel detectors are currently the most commonlyused detectors (with the exception of computed radiog-raphy plates, which can replace film in any radio-graphic imaging system; see the Product Comparisontitled DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEMS, COMPUTED RADIOG-RAPHy). Flat-panel detectors are composed of amor-phous silicon or amorphous selenium. Amorphoussilicon panels use cesium iodide (CsI) and an array ofphotodiodes to produce an image readout. Amorphousselenium panels detect x-rays by means of the photo-electric effect, in which electron-hole pairs are pro-duced on exposure. These pairs are attracted toelectrodes and form a latent image that is read outfrom a thin-film transistor array, creating an elec-tronic signal that is digitized. Computed radiographyis now available in a digital radiography (DR) configu-ration from at least one manufacturer. This allowsfaster processing and higher image quality. CCDs andTFD flat-panel detectors utilize a process known asindirect DR. In this process, x-rays are captured by afluorescent screen similar to the screens used by filmand are converted to visible light. The light is trans-formed by a photodiode array into an electronic signal

Radiographic table system with ceiling tube support

Radiographic Systems, Film; Digital

©2004 ECRI. Duplication of this page by any means for any purpose is prohibited. 3

that may be digitized. The collection of these digitalsignals allows the radiographic image to be displayedon a computer monitor and stored and processed bycomputers.

In contrast to indirect DR, direct DR does not re-quire the conversion of x-rays into visible light. A TFTflat-panel detector is used, but it is composed of bothamorphous silicon and amorphous selenium, whichupon exposure to x-rays produces electron-hole pairsthat are attracted to electrodes, forming a latent im-age. The latent image is read out, creating an electronicsignal that, like the signals produced in indirect DR, isdigitized by a computer. Direct DR reduces the scatterthat occurs while light is traversing the phosphordetectors in indirect DR, film, and computed radiogra-phy (CR). By avoiding scatter, direct systems theoreti-cally maintain higher resolution and, consequently,better images; however, the clinical implications of thisare not clear.

There are various digital technologies currentlyavailable, including scintillators optically coupled withCCD or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semicon-ductor) optical detectors, amorphous selenium directlycoupled to a flat-panel TFT array, scintillators opti-cally coupled to a flat-panel TFT array, and CR imageplates, which are read by a scanning laser system. Themost important difference between these systems isthe detector’s configuration. Some systems have detec-tors built directly into the table or upright detectors,which are quick to align for most standard x-ray views.However, more elaborate views require a cassette-based detector, which manufacturers can mount on aC-arm, allowing more freedom but requiring longerassembly time.

X-ray system

The x-ray generator modifies incoming voltage andcurrent (measured in milliamperes [mA]) to providethe x-ray tube with the power needed to produce anx-ray beam. Manufacturers offer single- or three-phasegenerators; several offer high-frequency generators.(See the Product Comparison titled X-RAY GENER-ATORS for further information.)

X-rays are produced by the x-ray tube when astream of electrons, accelerated to high velocities by ahigh-voltage supply from the the x-ray generator, col-lides with the tube’s target anode (positive electrode).The cathode (negative electrode) contains a tungstenwire filament that provides the source of electronswhen heated.

Either a stationary or rotating anode can be used inthe x-ray tube. A stationary anode consists of a 2 to 3 mm

thick plate of tungsten embedded in a copper block,which aids in heat dissipation. A rotating anode con-sists of a large tungsten or tungsten alloy disk con-nected to the anode assembly by a molybdenum stem.The stream of electrons from the cathode is directedagainst the beveled edge of the tungsten disk, whichrotates at a speed of approximately 3,000 rpm (revolu-tions per minute) during an exposure. The focal spot,the small area of the target struck by electrons, re-mains fixed while the disk rotates; thus, the diskcontinuously presents a cooler surface to receive thebombarding electrons, and the heat is distributedaround the disk in a broad ring. The focal-spot area fortubes with rotating anodes can be reduced to one-sixththat for tubes with stationary anodes under similarexposure conditions.

Rotating anodes can be operated continually at tem-peratures above 1,200°C because most of the heat fromthe target is transferred by conduction to the oil sur-rounding the tube and its housing. The molybdenumstem, which has a high melting point and is a poor heatconductor, serves as a partial heat barrier between thetungsten target and the anode bearings.

Overheating the x-ray tube promotes cracking andpitting and reduces tube life; therefore, rotating an-odes are used more often than stationary anodes be-cause they dissipate the heat produced duringexposure over a large area of the anode, allowing thex-ray tube to withstand the heat associated with highx-ray output and large exposures.

To assist users with comparative information abouttubes, manufacturers furnish charts defining a tube’ssafe operating limits and maximum power and themaximum safe duration of use for a single exposure.Tube cooling charts also show how rapidly exposuresmay be repeated. X-ray tubes of either anode designshould always be operated within their rated capaci-ties. Damaged tubes are expensive to replace, and asthey age, more filament current is needed to achieveconsistent x-ray intensity.

The x-ray tube housing provides physical and me-chanical protection for the x-ray tube. The housingshould also provide high-voltage protection, offermeans of heat dissipation, and contain radiation-shielding material. The metal housing, which is elec-trically grounded and well insulated, allows the tubeto withstand up to 150 kV. A microswitch controls heatdissipation by activating a shutoff control circuit thatturns off the high-voltage power (usually fed to thetube through high-voltage cables). Lead casing placedthroughout the housing provides the required radia-tion shielding. Housing may also include fans to aidcooling.



Collimators

To protect the patient by confining the x-ray beamand decreasing scatter radiation, x-ray beam collima-tors (also called beam-limiting devices) are attached tothe opening in the x-ray tube housing to regulate thesize and shape of the x-ray beam. As in all diagnosticradiographic systems, the primary beam should beconfined to cover only the region of interest.

Collimators consist of two sets of lead plates (or shut-ters) that move as independent pairs to control beamdimensions. A light bulb in the collimator produces alight beam that coincides with the x-ray field. In additionto showing the x-ray field configuration, the collimator’slight beam also identifies the center of the field. Bothcapabilities help ensure accurate localization of the x-raybeam on the patient. Collimators also have a backupsystem for showing the x-ray field size — a calibratedscale on the front of the collimator — if the lightbulbburns out.

Reported problemsProblems reported with general-purpose radio-

graphic systems involve their individual components.Mechanical problems, not electrical problems, are themajor cause of breakdowns. For example, problemsmay occur in the mechanical servomechanisms usedfor positioning tabletops. Wires and cables may break,causing the tabletop to jam and collision sensors to fail.Over time, rotating anodes become pitted from misuse.Operator error can also result in serious patient oroperator injury. Other reported problems involve x-raytubes, collimators, generators, and light localizers thatfail to comply with standards; electronic circuit failuresin collimators and generators; and mechanical jam-ming of film trays.

ECRI has received reports of radiographic collima-tors coming loose from their x-ray tubes and falling;approximately 30 incidents have been reported, involv-ing many brands and models. All users should be alertto the many signs of a failing collimator coupling thatmay be found during normal use (see Health Devicescitations below).

Purchase considerationsECRI recommendations

Included in the chart are ECRI’s recommendations fordigital x-ray systems; recommended specifications havebeen categorized into two groups — tilting and nontilt-ing. The tilting table category specifies a system thatallows patients and x-ray tubes to be easily moved intoposition, regardless of exam type and patient responsive-ness. This tableallows a widerange of tiltingmovements.

Table tilt should range from -15° to +90° and have anaverage speed of 6°/sec. Horizontal-to-vertical tiltshould average 15 sec. The nontilting table categoryspecifies a wide range of tabletop motions but does notallow tilting angles.

Digital radiographic systems generally perform up-right examinations or table-based examinations, forwhich detector mounting is crucial. In table-basedsystems, the detector is fixed in the table system,precluding certain examinations due to patient posi-tioning constraints. However, in upright examina-tions, the size of the detector dictates whether it hasto be readjusted for certain patient examinations. Pur-chasers should assess all types of examinations beingperformed before deciding which type of system willbest benefit their facility.

Bucky systems for both tilting and nontilting tablesshould be motorized. A three-field AEC device is rec-ommended to ensure acceptable film darkening. Gridratios should be 10:1 or higher, because grids withhigher ratios will provide higher image quality.

Another major consideration in acquiring a digitalradiographic system is the system’s integration intopicture archiving and communication systems (PACS)already in use in the facility. To integrate with thePACS, the digital radiographic system should provideat least the Digital Imaging and Communications inMedicine (DICOM) image object definition (IOD) forCR. The newest IOD for digital systems is the DX IOD,which allows for increased productivity, as it enablesgreater functionality in DX-IOD-conformant PACSand digital radiographic systems.

Other considerations

The number and types of procedures to be per-formed will influence the features selected for thesystem. Smaller focal-spot sizes can provide betterspatial resolution on film for certain studies, and op-tions such as tomography and table tilt can increasethe system’s overall procedural capabilities. Elevatingtables may be better suited for departments handlingtrauma and emergency cases because the table heightcan be adjusted to facilitate patient movement from amobile stretcher or wheelchair. Generator optionsshould also be considered; high-frequency generatorsrequire less space and often eliminate the need forhigh-voltage cables.

DR reportedly offers many potential advantagesover film-based radiography, including storage spacereduction, enhanced image processing, and off-site di-agnostic capabilities. Because of these reported advan-tages, facilities may wish to consider purchasing



digital radiographic systems. At minimum, facilitiesshould determine whether film-based systems underconsideration can be converted (retrograde fit) intodigital systems. If a digital system is being considered,compatibility with the DICOM 3.0 standard should bea requirement for all newly purchased equipment (in-cluding storage devices) to facilitate future additionsto any network. Purchasers should require suppliersto provide DICOM conformance statements that ex-plain in detail what information objects, serviceclasses, and data encoding are supported by the sys-tem. The conformance statements should be requestedin the same format and using the same vocabulary,thereby facilitating comparisons between suppliers,and should be inspected by a competent specialist.

Cost containment

General-purpose radiographic systems are avail-able from many suppliers in more than one configura-tion; each can vary greatly in price from the basicconfiguration described in the chart. For a particularapplication, ECRI recommends that buyers consultspecific suppliers about available systems and theirprices.

A purchase decision should be based on issues suchas life-cycle cost (LCC), local service support, discountrates and non-price-related benefits offered by thesupplier, and standardization with existing equipmentin the department or hospital (i.e., purchasing all sys-tems from one supplier). The initial acquisition cost isonly a fraction of the total cost of operation. Therefore,rather than making a purchase decision based solelyon the acquisition cost of an x-ray generator, buyersshould consider operating costs over the lifetime of theequipment. The following costs should be consideredwhen purchasing a radiographic table system:

• Special features (e.g., linear tomography, tilting)

• Service contract

• X-ray tube replacement

• Utilities

• Accessories, such as headrests, footrests, and cas-sette holders, that may be necessary for certainprocedures

• Contributions to overhead

For further information on LCC, customized analy-ses, and purchase decision support, readers shouldcontact ECRI’s SELECT™ Group.

Hospitals can purchase service contracts or serviceon a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Serv-ice may also be available from a third-party organiza-tion. The decision to purchase a service contract should

be carefully considered. Purchasing a service contractensures that preventive maintenance will be per-formed at regular intervals, thereby eliminating thepossibility of unexpected maintenance costs. Also,many suppliers do not extend system performance anduptime guarantees beyond the length of the warrantyunless the system is covered by a service contract.ECRI recommends that, to maximize bargaining lev-erage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service contractsbefore the system is purchased. Additional servicecontract discounts may be negotiable for multiple-yearagreements or for service contracts that are bundledwith contracts on other generators in the departmentor hospital. Purchasing multiple table systems fromone supplier could result in a significant discount.Standardization of equipment can make staff trainingeasier, simplify servicing and parts acquisition, andprovide greater bargaining leverage when negotiatingnew equipment purchases and/or service contractcosts.

Although the initial acquisition cost of a digitalradiographic system is greater than that of a tradi-tional film-based system, the elimination of x-ray filmand film processing can substantially lower costs, in-cluding processing costs resulting from hazardouswaste removal and silver recapture. The cost of filmduplication is also eliminated because images can beretrieved electronically from any interfaced worksta-tion. Additionally, because DR systems store all theirimages directly on electronic media, personnel whowould be dedicated to filing and retrieving old films canbe assigned other tasks. However, current acquisitioncosts for digital systems far exceed (by approximately3 to 3.5 times) those of film-based systems, partlybecause of limited production. Adding to these costs isthe need for high-speed networks and diagnostic-qual-ity computer workstations to archive and read digitalimages, as well as the need for PACS and film digitiz-ers. Facilities considering digital systems should beginplanning the steps — including ancillary equipmentpurchases — that will be needed to implement a DRsystem.

Stage of development

DR is expected to replace traditional radiography inthe future. The timetable for hospitals’ acquisition ofDR systems is uncertain. Some manufacturers aredeveloping more portable digital x-ray detectors inorder to overcome the major obstacle of a fixed detector.Although DR is expected to supplant film-based radi-ography, the transition will likely take years.



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Piraino D. Flat-panel detectors usher in digital x-ray.Diagn Imaging 1997 Nov;19(11 Suppl):D13-14.

Strotzer M, Gmeinwieser J, Völk M, et al. Clinicalapplication of a flat-panel x-ray detector based onamorphous silicon technology: image quality andpotential for radiation dose reduction in skeletalradiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998Jul;171(1):23-7.

Yaffe MJ, Rowlands JA. X-ray detectors for digitalradiography [review]. Phys Med Biol 1997Jan;42(1):1-39.

Standards and guidelinesNote: Although every effort is made to ensure that thefollowing list is comprehensive, please note that otherapplicable standards may exist.

American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Radia-tion information for hospital personnel [report]. Ra-diation Safety Committee. 1995.

American College of Radiology. ACR practice guidelinefor general radiography. 1996 (revised 2000).

Standard for diagnostic medical physics perform-ance monitoring of radiographic and fluoroscopicequipment. 1992 (revised 2001).

American National Standards Institute/Associationfor the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.Safe current limits for electromedical apparatus[standard]. 3rd ed. ANSI/AAMI ES1-1993. 1985 (re-vised 1993).

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. Tilt table testingfor syncope [technology assessment report]. 1997.

Canadian Association of Radiologists. CAR standardsfor general (plain) radiography. 2000.

Danish Standards Association. Medical electricalequipment — part 2-43: particular requirementsfor the safety of x-ray equipment [standard]. DS/EN60601-2-43. 2001.

International Electrotechnical Commission. Cassettesfor medical x-ray diagnosis: radiographic cassettesand mammographic cassettes [standard]. IEC60406 (1997-02). 1997.

Diagnostic x-ray imaging equipment. Charac-teristics of anti-scatter grids [standard]. IEC 60627(2001-08). 1978 (revised 2001).

Evaluation and routine testing in medical imagingdepartments — part 2-11: constancy tests: equip-ment for general direct radiography [standard]. IEC61223-2-11. (1999-09). 1999.Evaluation and routine testing in medical imagingdepartments — part 3-1: acceptance tests: imagingperformance of x-ray equipment for radiographicand radioscopic systems [standard]. IEC 61223-3-1.(1999-03). 1999.Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety [standard]. IEC 60601-1(1988-12). 1988.Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Amendment 1 [standard].IEC 60601-1-am1 (1991-11). 1991.Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Amendment 2 [standard].IEC 60601-1-am2 (1995-03). 1995.Medical electrical equipment — part 1-1: generalrequirements for safety. Collateral standard: safetyrequirements for medical electrical systems. 2nd ed.IEC 60601-1-1 (2000-12). 1992 (revised 2000).Medical electrical equipment — part 1-2: general re-quirements for safety. Collateral standard: electro-magnetic compatibility — requirements and tests.IEC 60601-1-2 (2001-09). 1993 (revised 2001).



Medical electrical equipment — part 2: particularrequirements for the safety of x-ray source assem-blies and x-ray tube assemblies for medical diagno-sis. IEC 60601-2-28. (1993-03). 1993.

Medical electrical equipment — part 2-7: particularrequirements for the safety of high voltage gener-ators of diagnostic x-ray generators [standard]. IEC60601-2-7. (1998-02). 1998.

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Citations from other ECRI publicationsHealth Devices

Digital radiology systems [technology overview]. 1998Jul;27(7):255-60.

Falling x-ray collimators highlight general weaknessin coupling design [hazard]. 1999 Sep;28(9):371.

Picture archiving and communications systems [evalu-ation]. 2000 Nov;29(11):385-427.

DICOM reference guide. 2001 Jan-Feb;30(1-2):5-30.

Digital x-ray systems: part 1. An introduction to DXtechnologies and an evaluation of cassette DX sys-tems [evaluation]. 2001 Aug;30(8):273-307.

Digital x-ray systems: part 2. An overview of digitalradiography concepts and an evaluation of casset-

teless DX systems [evaluation]. 2001 Nov;30(11):381-401.

Imaging tables of International Surgical Systems C-arms can fall off [hazard]. 2003 Apr;32(4):170-1.

Cassetteless digital x-ray systems [evaluation]. 2004Mar;33(3):73-98.

Health Devices Alerts

This Product Comparison lists Health Devices Alerts(HDA) citations published since the last update of thisreport. Each HDA abstract is identified by an Acces-sion Number. Recalls and hazard reports include de-scriptions of the problem involved; abstracts of otherpublished articles are referenced by bibliographic in-formation. HPCS subscribers can call the Hotline foradditional information on any of these citations or torequest more extensive searches of the HDA database.

A5571 FDA has designated Class II Recall No. Z-0729-03 of certain Health Care operator control panels forchiropractic x-ray systems. The required labeling, in-cluding the certification and manufacturer label, wasmissing from the operator control panels. The manufac-turer intiated a recall by telephone call on or about May15, 2003. The manufacturer considers this recall com-plete; however, 4 affected devices remain on the mar-ket. Check your control panel for labeling. If no label ispresent, contact Marty Lewis, Health Care Manufac-turing, by telephone at (417) 864-6511. Source: FDAEnforcement Rep 2004 Jan 14; Manufacturer.

A5599 FDA has designated Class II Recall Nos. Z-0182/0184-04 of certain OR Group imaging extensions.The imaging tables with the extensions may fail if theextension leg is positioned at its extreme range ofmotion and if the load on the table exceeds the maxi-mum weight of 400 lb. The manufacturer issued arecall letter and field kit on November 6, 2003. Verifyreceipt of the letter, and identify any affected productin your inventory. Perform the interim field modifica-tion as described in the instructions provided in theletter. You will receive the new leg and instructions forthe installation when development and testing arecomplete. For further information, contact the ORGroup by telephone at (800) 673-4732. Source: FDAEnforcement Rep 2003 Dec 17; letter submitted bymanufacturer.

A5676 FDA has designated Class II Recall Nos. Z-0819/0825-04 of certain Krieger Medical c-arm x-raysystem tables. The x-ray tables do not comply with U.S.federal performance standards because the manufac-turer failed to provide proper identification labeling andto implement a certification testing program to meas-ure table aluminum equivalency. The manufacturerstates that this issue does not affect patient or clinician



safety, that a certification testing program is underway, and that it expects all tables to pass certification.The manufacturer initiated a corrective action begin-ning April 28, 2004. Identify any affected product inyour inventory. A Krieger representative will contactaffected customers and provide appropriate labelingand instructions. For further information, contact Kri-eger by telephone at (888) 540-7246, ext. 17. Source:FDA Enforcement Rep 2004 May 12; Manufacturer.

A5921 FDA has initiated Class II Recall No. Z-1337-04of certain Toshiba DR systems. The radiography sys-tems have a defective mirroring unit. Disk-head un-loading and loading is scheduled about 12 hr after thepower-on to prevent a failure if the read/write headremains in 1 position over an extended period of time.If a write operation is requested during unloading andloading, the data will not be written to the disk. Whenthe error occurs, the system displays an error message,and it may become impossible to acquire images. Thedata unwritten to the disk may prevent the system fromperforming recovery by rebooting. The manufacturerinitiated a recall by letter dated June 24, 2004. Verifyreceipt of the letter, and identify and isolate any af-fected product in your inventory. For further informa-tion, contact Paul Biggins, regulatory affairs manager,by telephone at (800) 421-1968, ext. 7808. Source: FDAEnforcement Rep 2004 Aug 25; Manufacturer.

D6416 FDA has designated Class II Recall No. Z-0389-04 of certain Lodox digital radiographic diagnos-tic systems. The units are defective under 21 CFR1010.2. Identification and certification labels may beinadequate or missing, making tracking difficult. Af-fected product may also be improperly certified be-cause of subpar testing and quality control. Themanufacturer initiated a field correction by servicetechnician visit beginning March 13, 2004. The firmstates that FDA has rescinded the recall. No furtheraction is required of customers. Source: FDA Enforce-ment Rep 2004 Mar 24; Manufacturer.

D6460 FDA has designated Class II Recall No. Z-0728-04 of certain Eastman Kodak DR systems. Theoverhead tube support contains a defective componentthat may cause the suspended load to fall. The manu-facturer initiated a recall by field representative visiton February 20, 2004. The firm would not provideECRI with any information. Source: FDA Enforce-ment Rep 2004 Jun 2.

40437 Samei E. Image quality in two phosphor-basedflat-panel digital radiographic detectors. Med Phys2003 Jul;30(7):1747-57.

40465 Rong XJ, Krugh KT, Shepard J, et al. Meas-urement of focal spot size with slit camera using com-

puted radiography and flat-panel based digital detec-tors. Med Phys 2003 Jul;30(7)1768-75.

Health Devices Inspection and Preventive MaintenanceSystem

Radiographic units, general-purpose. Procedure no.472.

Supplier information

AMRAD

Fischer Imaging Corp [101269]12300 N Grant StDenver CO 80241-3120Phone: (303) 254-2525, (800) 825-8434Fax: (303) 254-2502E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.fischerimaging.com

Apelem

Apelem SA [194762]Parc Scientifique Georges Besse175 allee Von NeumannF-30035 Nimes CedexFrancePhone: 33 (466) 290907Fax: 33 (466) 297123E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.apelem.com

Canon Medical

Canon Europa NV [157138]Bovenkerkerweg 59-61Postbus 2262NL-1180 EG AmstelveenThe NetherlandsPhone: 31 (20) 5458926Fax: 31 (20) 5458220Internet: http://www.canon-europa.com

Canon IncMedical Div [157139]Kiyohara-KogyodanchiUtsunomiya-shiTochigi-ken 321-3292JapanPhone: 81 (28) 6678693Fax: 81 (28) 6678699E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.canon.co.jp



Canon Medical Systems [104469]15955 Alton PkwyIrvine CA 92618Phone: (949) 753-4162, (800) 970-7227Fax: (949) 753-4280E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.usa.canon.com

Control-X

Control-X Medical Inc [108554]2289 Westbrooke Dr Bldg CColumbus OH 43228-9644Phone: (614) 777-9729, (800) 777-9729Fax: (614) 777-0395E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.cxmed.com

Del Medical

Del Medical Systems Group [376429]11550 W King StFranklin Park IL 60131-1851Phone: (847) 288-7000, (800) 800-6006Fax: (847) 288-7011E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.delmedical.com

Eastman Kodak

Eastman Kodak CoHealth Imaging Group [273728]343 State StRochester NY 14650-1132Phone: (585) 724-6518, (800) 677-9933Fax: (585) 724-1400Internet: http://www.kodak.com/go/health

Eastman Kodak (Japan) Ltd [227142]4-7-35 Kita ShinagawaShingawa-kuTokyo 104-0001JapanPhone: 81 (3) 56445040Fax: 81 (3) 56445051Internet: http://www.kodak.co.jp

Fischer Imaging

Fischer Imaging-China [367047]R/612 S Office Tower Beijing New World CentreNo 3-A Chongwenmenwai Street100062 BeijingPeople’s Republic of ChinaPhone: 86 (10) 67081351E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.fischerimaging.com

Fischer Imaging Corp [101269]12300 N Grant StDenver CO 80241-3120Phone: (303) 254-2525, (800) 825-8434Fax: (303) 254-2502E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.fischerimaging.com

Fischer Imaging-Denmark [367121]Sumatravej 1DK-8000 Aarhus NDenmarkPhone: 45 86182700E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.fischerimaging.com

Fischer Imaging-Europe GmbH [367061]Hummelsbuetteler Steindamm 78aD-22851 NorderstedtGermanyPhone: 49 (40) 323481Fax: 49 (40) 323482E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.fischerimaging.com

Fuji Medical

FujiFilm Medical Systems USA Inc [105698]419 West AveStamford CT 06902Phone: (203) 324-2000, (800) 431-1850Fax: (203) 353-0926E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.fujimed.com

Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd [162280]26-30 Nishi-Azabu 2-chomeMinato-kuTokyo 106JapanPhone: 81 (3) 34062493Fax: 81 (3) 34062395Internet: http://www.fujifilm.co.jp

Fuji Photo Film (Europa) GmbH [199544]Heesenstrasse 31Postfach 190321D-40549 Duesseldorf 11GermanyPhone: 49 (211) 50890Fax: 49 (211) 5089344Internet: http://www.fujifilm.de



GE Healthcare

GE Healthcare [439946]3000 N Grandview BlvdWaukesha WI 53188Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439Fax: (262) 544-3384Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com

GE Healthcare Asia (Japan) [300443]4-7-127 AsahigaokaHino-shiTokyo 191-8503JapanPhone: 81 (3) 425826820Fax: 81 (3) 425826830E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.gehealthcare.com.jp

GE Healthcare Europe [171319]283 rue de la Miniereboite postale 34F-78533 Buc CedexFrancePhone: 33 (1) 30704040Fax: 33 (1) 30709855Internet: http://www.gehealthcareeurope.com/frfr

GE Healthcare Spain SA [401910]Avenida de Europa 22Parque Empresarial La MoralejaE-28108 Alcobendas (Madrid)SpainPhone: 34 (1) 6632600Fax: 34 (1) 6632693Internet: http://www.gehealthcareeurope.com

Hologic

Hologic Europe NV [156155]Horizon ParkLeuvensesteenweg 510 bus 31B-1930 ZaventemBelgiumPhone: 32 (2) 7114680Fax: 32 (2) 7252087E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.hologic.com

Hologic France SA [426240]Parc du Moulin de Massy35 rue de Saule TrapuF-91882 Massy CedexFrancePhone: 33 (1) 60133938E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.hologic.com

Hologic Inc [106487]35 Crosby DrBedford MA 01730Phone: (781) 999-7300, (800) 343-9729Fax: (781) 280-0667E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.hologic.com

IDC

Imaging Dynamics Co Ltd [370913]2340 Pegasus Way NE Suite 151Calgary AB T2E 8M5CanadaPhone: (403) 251-9939, (888) 975-6737Fax: (403) 251-1771E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.imagingdynamics.com

InfiMed

InfiMed Europe [162921]Klepelhoek 11NL-3833 GZ LeusdenThe NetherlandsPhone: 31 (33) 950968

InfiMed Inc [157709]121 Metropolitan DrLiverpool NY 13088-5335Phone: (315) 453-4545, (800) 825-8845Fax: (315) 453-4550E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.infimed.com

Italray

Italray srl [306397]via del Parlamento Europeo 9/DI-50010 Scandicci FLItalyPhone: 39 (055) 721083Fax: 39 (055) 7310177E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.italray.arca.net

LISTEM

LISTEM Corp [392886]414-1 Chongchon-2 dongBupyong-guInchonRepublic of KoreaPhone: 82 (32) 5155511Fax: 82 (32) 5129814E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.listem.co.kr



LISTEM USA Inc [393197]5200 NW 43rd St Suite 102 PMB 338Gainesville FL 32606Phone: (352) 271-5232Fax: (352) 271-8978E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.listem.co.kr

Medical Electronics Xchange

Medelex Inc [186085]732 N Pastoria AveSunnyvale CA 94085Phone: (408) 774-0692, (800) 644-0692Fax: (408) 774-0696E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medelex.com

Metaltronica

Metaltronica srl [176850]via della Pisana 431I-00163 RomaItalyPhone: 39 (06) 66160206Fax: 39 (06) 66160357E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.metaltronica.com

Multimage

Multimage srl [332031]via dell’Industria 54I-21044 Cavaria VAItalyPhone: 39 (0331) 219900Fax: 39 (0331) 218435E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.groupce.it

Philips

Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101]30/Fl Hopewell Centre17 Kennedy RoadWanchaiHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of ChinaPhone: 852 28215888Fax: 852 25276727E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Philips Medical Systems Canada [397918]281 Hillmount RdMarkham ON L6C 2S3CanadaPhone: (905) 201-4100Fax: (905) 201-4323Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com

Philips Medical Systems North America [102120]22100 Bothell Everett HwyPO Box 3003Bothell WA 98041-3003Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 722-7900Fax: (425) 485-6080E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Philips Medical Systems UK Ltd [415447]The ObservatoryCastlefield RoadReigate, Surrey RH2 0FYEnglandPhone: 44 (1737) 230503Fax: 44 (1737) 230501E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Quantum Medical Imaging

Quantum Medical Imaging LLC [384274]2905 Veterans Memorial HwyRonkonkoma NY 11779Phone: (631) 567-5800Fax: (631) 567-5074E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.quantummedical.net

Remesta

Remesta Medical Corp [146706]6506 Baum DrKnoxville TN 37919-7309Phone: (865) 588-9310, (800) 242-9729Fax: (865) 558-9049E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.remestamedical.com

Rendix

Rendix Ltd [179167]PO Box 2183Qiryat Tivon IL-36094IsraelPhone: 972 (4) 9590233Fax: 972 (4) 9937104E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.rendixray.com



Shimadzu

Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) PTE Ltd [172209]16 Science Park Drive #01-02 The PasteurSingapore Science ParkSingapore 118227Republic of SingaporePhone: 65 7786280Fax: 65 7792935E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.shimadzuasiapac.com.ag

Shimadzu Corp [138089]1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-choNakagyo-kuKyoto 604-8551JapanPhone: 81 (3) 32195641Fax: 81 (3) 32195710Internet: http://www.shimadzu.co.jp

Shimadzu Europe GmbH [161064]Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10D-47269 DuisburgGermanyPhone: 49 (203) 76870Fax: 49 (203) 766625E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.shimadzu.de

Shimadzu Medical Systems [106973]20101 S Vermont AveTorrance CA 90502-3130Phone: (310) 217-8855, (800) 228-1429Fax: (310) 217-0661E-mail: [email protected]: http://www1.shimadzu.com/medical/

Siemens

Siemens AGSiemens Medical Solutions [401832]Henkestrasse 127D-91052 ErlangenGermanyPhone: 49 (9131) 840Fax: 49 (9131) 845400E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.siemensmedical.com

Siemens Medical Instruments Pte Lte (Singapore)[431315]Block 28 Ayer Rajah Crescent #6-08Singapore 139959Republic of SingaporePhone: 65 63709666Fax: 65 67738070E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.siemens.com.sg

Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc [399199]51 Valley Stream PkwyMalvern PA 19355Phone: (610) 219-6300, (888) 826-9702Fax: (610) 219-3124E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.siemensmedical.com

Siemens SA de CV [339105]Poniente 116 No 59002300 Cd de MexicoDistrito FederalMexicoPhone: 52 (5) 3282000Fax: 52 (5) 3282017Internet: http://www.siemens.de

Stephanix

Stephanix [401705]boite postale 294F-42014 Saint-EtienneFrancePhone: 33 (4) 77478160Fax: 33 (4) 77375519E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.stephanix.com

Swissray

Swissray America Inc [354504]1180 McLester St Unit 2Elizabeth NJ 07201Phone: (908) 353-0971, (888) 867-9477Fax: (908) 353-1237E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.swissray.com

Swissray GmbH Digital X-ray Technology[280564]Kreuzberger Ring 23D-65205 WiesbadenGermanyPhone: 49 (611) 7788369Fax: 49 (611) 7788366E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.swissray.com

Swissray Romania srl [378613]Strasse Dr Dimitrie Grecescu 6et 1 ap 2Bucuresti Sector 5RomaniaPhone: 40 (21) 4116063Fax: 40 (21) 4116411E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.swissray.com



Toshiba

Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc [101894]2441 Michelle DrTustin CA 92780Phone: (714) 730-5000, (800) 621-1968Fax: (714) 734-0362E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.toshiba.com

Toshiba CorpMedical Systems Co Ltd [140664]1385 ShimoishigamiOtawara-shi, Tochigi Pref 324-8550JapanPhone: 81 (287) 266301Fax: 81 (287) 266050E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.toshiba-medical.co.jp

Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]Zilverstraat 1NL-2718 RP ZoetermeerThe NetherlandsPhone: 31 (79) 3689222Fax: 31 (79) 3689444E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.toshiba-europe.com/medical

Toshiba Medical Systems GmbH Deutschland[284954]Hellersbergstrasse 4D-41460 Neuss-1GermanyPhone: 49 (2131) 18090Fax: 49 (2131) 1809139E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.toshiba-europe.com

Villa Sistemi Medicali

Villa Sistemi Medicali SpA [156442]via delle Azalee 3I-20090 Buccinasco MIItalyPhone: 39 (02) 488591Fax: 39 (02) 4881844E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.villasm.com

VMI

VMI Industria e Comercio Ltda [174435]Rua Pref Eliseu Alves da Silva 400Dist Industrial Genesco Aparecido de OliveiraLagoa Santa-MG 33400-000BrazilPhone: 55 (31) 36819560Fax: 55 (31) 36819565E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.vmi.com

Note: The following company did not provide us withany product information in time for publication. Itsaddress is listed as a service to our readers.

Cares Built Inc [259630]75 Manchester AveKeyport NJ 07735Phone: (732) 739-8900, (800) 358-6370Fax: (732) 739-0316E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.caresbuilt.com

About the chart specificationsThe following terms are used in the chart:

AEC: The AEC automatically determines the amountof radiation required to produce acceptable levels offilm blackness.

Grid ratios: The ratio between the height of the leadstrips and the spaces between the strips. Grid ratiodetermines the percentage of scatter radiation re-moved; as the grid ratio increases, the amount ofscatter radiation removed increases. Higher gridratios produce higher radiographic contrast.

X-ray generators: Each table system can be used witha variety of x-ray generators. Some generators areavailable with or without anatomic programming,while others are designed for use with fluoroscopicor linear tomography applications. Purchasersshould consult the manufacturer of the table orgenerator for details.

X-ray tubes: Each table system can be used with avariety of x-ray tubes. Preferred units are thoseusually recommended for use with a particular tablesystem. Where no specific recommendations aremade, consult the manufacturer of the table or tubeabout the x-ray tubes best suited to a specific tablesystem application.

List price, std configuration: Some of the pricing infor-mation has been derived from list prices reported toECRI’s in-house information services by healthcareinstitutions and suppliers. A footnote identifies theseprices. In these instances, suppliers have declined to



provide HPCS directly with prices and may not haveconfirmed the information. These prices are esti-mates and may not reflect discounts, options, specialpackages, and multiple-unit sales. They are pro-vided for the convenience of our readers. General-purpose radiographic table systems are availablefrom many suppliers in more than one configura-tion; each can vary greatly in price from the basicconfiguration described in the chart. For a particu-lar application, ECRI recommends that buyers con-sult specific suppliers about available table systemsand their prices.

Abbreviations:

AEC — Automatic exposure control

CCD — Charge-coupled device

CE mark — Conformite Europeene mark

CFR — Code of Federal Regulations

CSA — Canadian Standards Association

DICOM — Digital Imaging and Communications inMedicine standard

dOd — Digital optical design

EC — European Community

EN — European Norm

ETL — ETL Testing Laboratories

FDA — U.S. Food and Drug Administration

HL7 — Health Level 7

HU — Heating units

IEC — International Electrotechnical Commission

IHE — Integrated Healthcare Enterprise

ISO — International Organization for Standardiza-tion

IV — Intravenous

JIS — Japanese Industrial Standards

MDD — Medical Devices Directive

OTC — Overhead tube crane

RIS — Radiology information system

SID — Source-to-image distance

TFT — Thin-film transistor

UL — Underwriters Laboratories

Note: The data in the charts derive from suppli-ers’ specifications and have not been verified throughindependent testing by ECRI or any other agency.Because test methods vary, different products’ specifi-cations are not always comparable. Moreover, prod-ucts and specifications are subject to frequent changes.ECRI is not responsible for the quality or validity ofthe information presented or for any adverse conse-quences of acting on such information.

When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unlessotherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplierdiscounts. And although we try to indicate whichfeatures and characteristics are standard and whichare not, some may be optional, at additional cost.

For those models whose prices were supplied to usin currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have alsolisted the conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate com-parison among models. However, keep in mind thatexchange rates change often.

Need to know more?For further information about the contents of this

Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1(610) 825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); [email protected] (e-mail).



Product Comparison Chart

MODEL ECRI-RECOMMENDED ECRI-RECOMMENDED AMRAD AMRADSPECIFICATIONS * SPECIFICATIONS *Nontilting Tilting AMRAD ADVANTAGE AMRAD CLASSIC SYSTEM

SYSTEM

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes No No

SYSTEMFilm Yes Yes Yes YesDigital Optional Optional No No

Type NA NA

Tomography Optional barless Optional barless No No

TABLE TYPE 4-way floating 4-way floatingTable tilt, ° NA -15/+90 0 0

Speed, °/sec NA 6 NA NAHorizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA 15 NA NATilt indicator NA Yes NA NA

Tabletop material Plastic laminate Plastic laminate

Tabletop motion 4-way, floating 4-way, floating 4-way, floating 4-way, floatingPower assist No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 100 (40) 100 (40) 76 (29.9) 76 (29.9)Lateral 25 (10) 25 (10) 25 (9.8) 25 (9.8)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 213 (83.9) 213 (83.9)Width, cm (in) 76 (29.9) 76 (29.9)Height, cm (in) 79 (31.1) 79 (31.1)

X-ray density <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) 216 (476.3) 216 (476.3)

Table support Pedestal Pedestal Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 200 (440) 200 (440) 182 (401.3) 182 (401.3)Locking system Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

BUCKY SYSTEMType Motorized Motorized Par speed/superspeed Par speed/superspeed

Size, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC 3-field 3-field Optional Optional

Grid ratios 10:1 or higher 10:1 or higher 10:01 10:01

Lines/mm (in) 2.5 (100) 2.5 (100) 4 (103) 4 (103)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) All standard All standard Various Various

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 50 (20) 50 (20) 48 (18.9) 48 (18.9)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution >3 lp/mm >3 lp/mm NA NAMatrix, pixels <150 microns <150 microns NA NAGray levels 4,096 4,096 NA NADICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes NA NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI's technology experts. ECRI assumes no liability for decisions made based on two pages covering

this data. the above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.




MODEL ECRI-RECOMMENDED ECRI-RECOMMENDED AMRAD AMRADSPECIFICATIONS * SPECIFICATIONS *Nontilting Tilting AMRAD ADVANTAGE AMRAD CLASSIC SYSTEM

SYSTEM

RADIOGRAPHICCAPABILITIES

Bucky Yes Yes Yes YesCross table Yes Yes Yes YesHorizontal Yes Yes Yes YesOff table Yes Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Yes Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units 80 kW 80 kW High frequency; High-frequency 37/30

80, 65, 50, and kW; low-frequency37 kW 325 kW

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Various Toshiba, Various Toshiba,

Varian Varian

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Overhead tube S206 Rotate trans-

support, floor versemounted

Model, collimator MC150 D800

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Yes Yes Optional OptionalHandgrips Optional Yes Optional OptionalHead clamps Optional Yes No NoFootrest Optional Yes No NoOthers Not specified Not specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS Standard Standard 230-480 VAC, High-frequency 230-50/60 Hz 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz;

low-frequency 190-284 VAC, 50/60 Hz

PURCHASE INFORMATIONList price,

std configuration $41,000-85,000 $24,000-34,000

Digital upgradelist price Not specified Not specified

Warranty 5 years, limited 5 years, limited

Year first sold 1995 1985Number installed

USA/worldwide Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year Not specified Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Meets requirements Meets requirementsof 21 CFR. of 21 CFR.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI's technology experts. ECRI assumes no liability for decisions made based on

this data.




MODEL APELEM APELEM CANON MEDICAL CANON MEDICAL

Baccara PALADIO PALADIO VERSA Canon DR System Canon DR SystemCXDI-31 CXDI-40C

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE No No Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Not specified Yes Yes

SYSTEMFilm No No No NoDigital Yes Yes Yes Yes

Type Full-field CsI + CCD No Amorphous silicon Amorphous silicondetector + GOS + CsI

Tomography Yes No Not specified Not specified

TABLE TYPE Remote controlled Float-top None NoneTable tilt, ° 90/25 NA NA NA

Speed, °/sec 6 NA NA NAHorizontal-to-

vertical, sec 17 NA NA NATilt indicator Digital Digital NA NA

Tabletop material Carbon fiber Plastic laminate NA NA(opt carbon fiber)

Tabletop motion 4-way 4-way, floating NA NAPower assist Motorized Yes NA NATravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal ±75 (29.5) 90 (35.4) NA NALateral ±15 (5.9) 12.5 (4.9) NA NA

TabletopLength, cm (in) 244 (98.4) 216 (85) NA NAWidth, cm (in) 74 (29.1) 71 (28) NA NAHeight, cm (in) 75-110 (29.5-43.3) 69 (27.2) elevation NA NA

(optional)X-ray density <0.5 mm Al <0.7 mm Al NA NA

Table wgt, kg (lb) 1,200 (2,645) 270 (595.4) NA NA

Table support Pedestal base Wheels x 4 NA NAMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 220 (485.1) 275 (600) NA NALocking system Motorized system Yes NA NA

BUCKY SYSTEMType Filmless Filmless Filmless Filmless

Size, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) NA NA

AEC 3-field 3-field NA Optional

Grid ratios 13:01 13:01 4:1, 8:1, 10:1 8:1, 10:1, 12:1

Lines/mm (in) 600 (23.6) 600 (23.6) 600 (23.6) 40 lp/cmCassette

sizes, cm (in) Filmless Filmless Filmless Filmless

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 150 (59) NA NA NA

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 5 lp/mm (100 µm) 5 lp/mm (100 µm) 5 lp/mm 3.1 lp/mmMatrix, pixels 4096 x 4096 4096 x 4096 2256 x 2878 2688 x 2688Gray levels 4,096 (12-bit) 4,096 (12-bit) 4,096 4,096DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first oftwo pages coveringthe above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.




MODEL APELEM APELEM CANON MEDICAL CANON MEDICAL

Baccara PALADIO PALADIO VERSA Canon DR System Canon DR SystemCXDI-31 CXDI-40C


Bucky Filmless Filmless Filmless YesCross table Yes Yes Yes OptionalHorizontal Yes Yes Not specified Not specifiedOff table Yes Yes Yes Not specifiedUpgradable for

digital Full digital Full digital NA NA

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units MAGNUM (65, 80 kW) MAGNUM (65 HF, 80 Any Any

HF)

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Varian, Dunlee Varian, Dunlee Any Any

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Integrated column Ceiling mounted Any Any

Model, collimator Automatic Automatic Any Any

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Yes Optional No NoHandgrips Yes Yes No NoHead clamps Optional Optional No NoFootrest Yes No No NoOthers Shoulder support, None specified None specified None specified

gynecologic legsupport

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 400 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100/120/230/240 VAC, 100/120/230/240 VAC,3-phase +N +G 3-phase +N +G 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz


std configuration Not specified Not specified $150,000 $290,000

Digital upgradelist price Not specified Not specified NA NA

Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year

Year first sold 2002 2004 2002 2003Number installed

USA/worldwide Not specified Not specified 40 NAFiscal year Not specified Not specified January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Full-field detector Can be serviced on- None specified. None specified.for radiography and site; single-detec-dynamic images; up tor solution forto 6 images/sec; GEN/RAD and chest;digital tomography; 43 x 43 cm (17 x 17fully remote- in); 4096 x 4096controlled elevating pixels; 100 µmtable. resolution.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.




MODEL CANON MEDICAL CANON MEDICAL CONTROL-X CONTROL-X

Canon DR System Canon DR System CombiElevator w/Tomo Phoenix : Elevator 2CXDI-40G CXDI-50G : CombiElevator



CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Submitted Submitted

SYSTEMFilm No No Yes YesDigital Yes Yes No No

Type Amorphous silicon Amorphous silicon NA NA+ GOS + GOS

Tomography Not specified Not specified Linear : No No

TABLE TYPE None None Elevating ElevatingTable tilt, ° NA NA NA NA

Speed, °/sec NA NA NA NAHorizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA NA NA NATilt indicator NA NA NA NA

Tabletop material NA NA Laminate Laminate

Tabletop motion NA NA 4-way, floating 4-way, floatingPower assist NA NA No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal NA NA 60/50 (23.6/19.7) 60/50 (23.6/19.7)Lateral NA NA 24 (9.5) 24 (9.5)

TabletopLength, cm (in) NA NA 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6)Width, cm (in) NA NA 81 (31.9) 81 (31.9)Height, cm (in) NA NA 52-85 (20.5-33.5) 52-85 (20.5-33.5)

X-ray density NA NA <0.8 mm Al <0.8 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) NA NA 750 (1,655) : 285 (630)

700 (1,545)Table support NA NA Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) NA NA 300 (660) 228 (500): 300 (660)Locking system NA NA Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

BUCKY SYSTEMType Filmless Filmless Superspeed Parspeed, superspeed

Size, cm (in) NA NA 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC Optional NA Yes Yes

Grid ratios 8:1, 10:1, 12:1 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1 10:1, 12:1 10:1, 12:1

Lines/mm (in) 40 lp/cm 40 lp/cm Not specified Not specifiedCassette

sizes, cm (in) Filmless Filmless 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) NA NA 58.4 (23) 58.4 (23)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.1 lp/mm 3.1 lp/mm NA NAMatrix, pixels 2688 x 2688 2208 x 2688 NA NAGray levels 4,096 4,096 NA NADICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes NA NA





MODEL CANON MEDICAL CANON MEDICAL CONTROL-X CONTROL-X

Canon DR System Canon DR System CombiElevator w/Tomo Phoenix : Elevator 2CXDI-40G CXDI-50G : CombiElevator


Bucky Yes Filmless Yes YesCross table Optional Yes Yes YesHorizontal Not specified Not specified Yes YesOff table Not specified Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital NA NA Yes Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units Any Any MS (450 HF, 550 HF), MS (450 HF, 550 HF),

PCX (450 HF, 550 HF) PCX (450 HF, 550 HF)

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Any Any Varian, Eureka Varian, Eureka

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Any Any Integrated FT-51 or Control-X FT-51 OTC

TS99 or TS99

Model, collimator Any Any Progeny, Machlett Progeny, Machlett

ACCESSORIESCompression bands No No Yes YesHandgrips Not specified Not specified Optional OptionalHead clamps No No Optional OptionalFootrest No No No NoOthers None specified None specified None specified None specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 100/120/230/240 VAC, 100/120/230/240 VAC, 110/220 VAC, 110/220 VAC,50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz


std configuration $225,000 <$200,000 Not specified Not specified

Digital upgradelist price NA NA Not specified Not specified

Warranty 1 year 1 year 6 months 5 years (2 full,3 prorated)

Year first sold 2002 2003 Not specified Not specifiedNumber installed

USA/worldwide 170 (previous model) NA Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. UL listed. UL listed.





MODEL CONTROL-X DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL

Stylix DR1000C Chest DRV-DR2 Traditional GPR-DR U-ArmDR System 2 Detector DR System DR System



CE MARK (MDD) Submitted Yes Yes Yes

SYSTEMFilm Yes No Yes NoDigital No Yes Yes Yes

Type NA See footnote * See footnote ** See footnote **

Tomography No No No No

TABLE TYPE 4-way float-top None Elevating, float-top Mobile tableTable tilt, ° NA NA NA NA



Tabletop material Laminate NA Carbon fiber Carbon fiber

Tabletop motion 4-way, floating NA 4-way, floating Mobile tablePower assist No NA No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 60/50 (23.6/19.7) NA 102 (40) NALateral 23.9 (9.4) NA 24 (9.5) NA

TabletopLength, cm (in) 220 (86.6) NA 234 (92.1) 200 (78.7)Width, cm (in) 81 (31.9) NA 81 (31.9) 67.5 (26.6)Height, cm (in) 75 (29.5) NA 52-85 (20.6-33.5) 65 (25.6)

X-ray density <0.8 mm Al NA <0.6 mm Al <0.6 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) 250 (550) NA 256 (563) Not specified

Table support Pedestal base NA Pedestal base Mobile tableMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) Not specified NA 295 (650) 136 (299.9)Locking system Electromagnetic NA Fail-safe electro- Wheel locks

magnetic

BUCKY SYSTEMType Parspeed, superspeed Digital array wall 2-bucky table/wall Digital array/tube

bucky digital detectors integrated on U-armSize, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

active area active area active areaAEC Yes Yes Yes Yes

Grid ratios 10:1, 12:1 10:1; optional 12:1 10:1 removable; 10:1 removable;optional 12:1 optional 12:1

Lines/mm (in) Not specified >60 lines/cm >60 lines/cm >60 lines/cmCassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to Digital auto-crop Digital auto-crop Digital auto-crop35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 57.2 (22.5) NA 53 (20.9) NA

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution NA 3.6 lp/mm Nyquist 3.5 lp/mm 3.5 lp/mmMatrix, pixels NA 3072 x 2560 3121 x 3121 3121 x 3121Gray levels NA 4,096 4,096 4,096DICOM 3.0 compliant NA Yes Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Direct-capture flat-panel a-Se semiconductor x-ray absorber coating over thin film transistor a-Se detector matrix. two pages covering** Flat-panel Ce-I scintillator over thin film transistor Se-I detector matrix. the above model(s).

These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.




MODEL CONTROL-X DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL

Stylix DR1000C Chest DRV-DR2 Traditional GPR-DR U-ArmDR System 2 Detector DR System DR System


Bucky Yes Yes Yes YesCross table Yes With mobile table With film/CR With mobile tableHorizontal Yes Yes Yes YesOff table Yes No Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Yes Native digital Digital only Digital only

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units MS (450 HF, 550 HF), 80 kW, 150 kVp, 50, 65, 80 kW, 50, 65, 80 kW,

PCX (450 HF, 550 HF) 1,000 mA, high- high-frequency high-frequencyfrequency

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Varian, Eureka 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm, 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm, 300 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm,

34/100 kW, 150 kVp 34/100 kW, 150 kVp 34/100 kW, 150 kVp

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Control-X FT-51 OTC Floor-mounted tube Floor- or overhead Wall-mounted U-arm *

or TS99 stand w/upright ceiling-mount tubewall bucky stand suspension

Model, collimator Progeny, Machlett Auto-collimation w/ Automatic or manual Automatic or manualmanual override

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Yes NA Optional OptionalHandgrips Optional Yes Yes OptionalHead clamps Optional NA Optional OptionalFootrest No No No NoOthers None specified None specified Overhead wall bucky Overhead wall bucky

handgrip handgrip

POWER REQUIREMENTS 110/220 VAC, 380-480 VAC, 240 VAC, 380-480 240 VAC, 380-48050/60 Hz 50/60 Hz VAC, 50/60 Hz VAC, 50/60 Hz


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Digital upgradelist price Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Warranty 5 years (2 full, 1 year 1 year 1 year3 prorated)

Year first sold 1984 2003 1998 CR; 2003 DR 2003Number installed

USA/worldwide Not specified 15+/15+ 500+/650+ 350/450Fiscal year January to December August to July August to July August to July

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. DirectRay operator StingRay operator StingRay operatorconsole includes console includes console includesgraphical user- graphical user- graphical user-interface w/keyboard interface w/keyboard interface w/keyboard/mouse; preview /mouse; preview /mouse; previewimage monitor; DICOM image monitor; DICOM image monitor; DICOMCR/DX, commit, CR/DX, commit, CR/DX, commit,print, worklist; print, worklist. print, worklist;fixed-SID, single- motorized SID;detector DR system. optional stretcher.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* With integrated x-ray source and image receptor.




MODEL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL EASTMAN KODAK EASTMAN KODAK

EPEX RADEX U-Arm DirectView DR 7100 DirectView DR 9000DR System DR System General Radiography System (with table)

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Not specified See footnote *


CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes


Type See footnote ** See footnote ** Amorphous selenium Amorphous seleniumon TFT on TFT


TABLE TYPE Elevating, float-top Mobile table Not specified Float-topTable tilt, ° NA NA +90 (upright)/-15 0

Speed, °/sec NA NA 5.3 NAHorizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA NA 17 NATilt indicator NA NA Yes NA

Tabletop material Carbon fiber Carbon fiber Sheathed foam core Not specified

Tabletop motion 4-way, elevating Mobile table Not specified 4-way, floatingPower assist No No Yes YesTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal ±50 (19.7) NA ±53 (±20.9) ±13 (±5)Lateral ±13 (5.1) NA ±12 (±4.7) ±13 (±5)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 213 (83.9) 199 (78.3) 220 (86.6) 214 (84)Width, cm (in) 96 (37.8) 61 (24) 81 (31.9) 61 (24)Height, cm (in) 69-94 (27.2-37) 77 (30.3) 84 (33) 59-84 (23-33)

X-ray density <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <0.7 mm Al @ 100 kVp *** Not specifiedTable wgt, kg (lb) 386 (851.1) Not specified Not specified Not specified

Table support Pedestal base Mobile table Not specified PedestalMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 204 (449.8) 136 (299.9) 153 (350) 205 (450)Locking system Fail-safe electro- Wheel locks Mechanical Mechanical

magnetic

BUCKY SYSTEMType Digital array on Digital array/tube Reciprocating grid Reciprocating grid

articulating arm integrated on U-armSize, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

active area active areaAEC Yes Yes Yes Yes

Grid ratios 10:1 removable; 10:1 removable; 10:1 10:1optional 12:1 optional 12:1

Lines/mm (in) >600 (23.6) >600 (23.6) 4 7Cassette

sizes, cm (in) Digital auto-crop Digital auto-crop Not specified Filmless

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 86 (33.9) NA 161.3 (63.5) max 432 (170)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.6 lp/mm Nyquist 3.6 lp/mm Nyquist 3.6 lp/mm 3.6 lp/mmMatrix, pixels 3072 x 2560 3072 x 2560 2560 x 3072 2560 x 3072Gray levels 4,096 4,096 16,384 capture † 16,384 capture †

DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, UK, and USA. two pages covering** Direct-capture flat-panel a-Se semiconductor x-ray absorber coating over thin film transistor a-Se detector matrix. the above model(s).*** 3.7 mm Al HVL. These specifications† 4,096 gray levels output. continue onto the

next page.




MODEL DEL MEDICAL DEL MEDICAL EASTMAN KODAK EASTMAN KODAK

EPEX RADEX U-Arm DirectView DR 7100 DirectView DR 9000DR System DR System General Radiography System (with table)


Bucky Yes Yes Filmless FilmlessCross table Yes With mobile table Yes YesHorizontal Yes Yes Yes YesOff table Yes Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Native digital Native digital NA NA

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units 80 kW, 150 kVp, 80 kW, 150 kVp, 80 kW, high-frequen- NA

1,000 mA, high- 1,000 mA, high- cy (included)frequency frequency

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm, 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm, Dunlee 400,000 HU, 400,000 HU

34/100 kW, 150 kVp 34/100 kW, 150 kVp Varian 400,000 HU

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Overhead ceiling Wall-mounted U-arm * Overhead mounted 80 kW, ceiling-

mount tube mounted U-armsuspension

Model, collimator Auto-collimation w/ Auto-collimation w/ Automatic Automaticmanual override manual override

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Optional Optional Optional NoHandgrips Optional Yes Yes NoHead clamps Optional Optional Yes NoFootrest No No Not specified NoOthers None specified None specified Kodak DICOM work- Kodak DICOM work-

list management list managementsoftware software

POWER REQUIREMENTS 380-480 VAC, 380-480 VAC, 380-480 VAC, 360-425 VAC, 50 Hz/50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 380-480 VAC, 60 Hz


std configuration Not specified Not specified $418,000 $450,000




USA/worldwide 100+/50+ 25+/25+ Not specified >100 worldwideFiscal year August to July August to July January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Includes graphical DirectRay operator 152.4 (60") tele- U-arm design;user-interface with console includes scope range; 4.3 m variable SID;keyboard/mouse; graphical user- (12') longitudinal single-operatorpreview image interface w/keyboard rail length; 330.2 console; exam coachmonitor; DICOM /mouse; preview cm (130") trans- software. Meetsprotocols include image monitor; DICOM verse bridge length; requirements of CSA,storage service in CR/DX, commit, 152.4 cm (60") CUL, and UL.CR/DX, commit, print, worklist; vertical travel;print, worklist. motorized SID; 243.8 cm (96")

optional stretcher. transverse travel.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* With integrated x-ray source and image receptor.




MODEL EASTMAN KODAK FISCHER IMAGING FISCHER IMAGING FUJI MEDICAL

DirectView DR 9000 VersaRad A VersaRad D (Digital) FCR ClearView DSystem (w/stretcher) Table (5502 D)

WHERE MARKETED See footnote * Europe, USA Europe, USA Worldwide


CE MARK (MDD) Yes No Yes Yes

SYSTEMFilm No Yes No Opt w/laser imagerDigital Yes Optional upgrade Yes Yes

Type Amorphous selenium NA Amorphous selenium- Dual-side readingon TFT coated TFT, direct


TABLE TYPE Stretcher, opt tilt See footnote ** See footnote ** 4-way float-top ***Table tilt, ° 11 11, head or foot 11, head or foot 0

Speed, °/sec NA (manual adjust) NA NA NAHorizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA (manual adjust) NA NA NATilt indicator Not specified No No NA

Tabletop material Not specified Carbon fiber Carbon fiber Carbon-fibercomposite

Tabletop motion NA Elevating ** Elevating ** 4-way, elevatingPower assist NA Hydraulic Hydraulic HydraulicTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal NA NA NA 115 (45)Lateral NA NA NA 18 (7)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 194 (76) 198 (78) 198 (78) 220 (86.6)Width, cm (in) 65 (25.5) 61 (24) 61 (24) 94.8 (37.3)Height, cm (in) 84-108 (33-42.5) 84-108 (33-42.5) 84-108 (33-42.5) 48-82 (19-32)

X-ray density Not specified 0.5 mm Al 0.5 mm Al 0.44 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) Not specified 175 (385) 175 (385) 900 (1,984)

Table support 4 legs Stretcher Stretcher Elevating baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 182 (401) 181 (400) 181 (400) 200 (440)Locking system Mechanical Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Not specified

BUCKY SYSTEMType Reciprocating grid Automatic cassette Filmless High-speed

loader reciprocatingSize, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) NA 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes

Grid ratios 10:1 10:1 NA 10:1; optional 8:1,12:1, and 14:1

Lines/mm (in) 7 6 Filmless 10 (257)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) Filmless 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) See footnote †

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 432 (170) NA NA 115 (45)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.6 lp/mm NA 3.6 lp/mm 10 pixels/mmMatrix, pixels 2560 x 3072 NA 2560 x 3072 See footnote ††

Gray levels 16,384 capture ††† NA 4,096 4,096 (12-bit)DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes NA Store/print/worklist Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, UK, and USA. two pages covering** Elevating or fixed-height stretcher. the above model(s).*** With elevator. These specifications† 3 internal imaging plates for images up to 17 x 17 in image sizes; 18 x 43 cm (8 x 10 in, 10 x 12 in, 14 x 14 in, continue onto the

14 x 17 in, 17 x 14 in, 17 x 17 in). next page.†† 1770 x 4280 (18 x 43 cm), 2000 x 2510 (8 x 10 in), 2505 x 3015 (10 x 12 in), 3520 x 3520 (14 x 14 in),

3520 x 4280 (14 x 17 in), 4280 x 4280 (17 x 17 in).††† 4,096 gray levels output.




MODEL EASTMAN KODAK FISCHER IMAGING FISCHER IMAGING FUJI MEDICAL

DirectView DR 9000 VersaRad A VersaRad D (Digital) FCR ClearView DSystem (w/stretcher) Table (5502 D)


Bucky Filmless Yes Filmless YesCross table Yes Yes Yes NoHorizontal Yes Yes Yes NoOff table Yes Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital NA Yes NA NA

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units NA High-frequency, High-frequency, Siemens 55 kW or

DX 80 kW HF Fischer DX 80 kW HF Fischer 80 kWImaging Imaging

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units 400,000 HU Dunlee Dunlee 150 kVp 40/80 kW

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension 80 kW, ceiling- Ceiling-suspended Ceiling-suspended Overhead tube crane

mounted U-arm U-arm U-arm

Model, collimator Automatic Automatic/manual Automatic/manual Automatic multileaf

ACCESSORIESCompression bands No No Optional NoHandgrips No Optional Optional NoHead clamps No No No NoFootrest No No No NoOthers Kodak DICOM work- Optional patient Optional patient Flash IIP work-

list management safety rails safety rails station, RIS inter-software face

POWER REQUIREMENTS 360-425 VAC, 50 Hz/ 380-480 VAC, 60 Hz; 380-480 VAC, 60 Hz; 220 VAC table,380-480 VAC, 60 Hz 360-425 VAC, 50 Hz; 360-425 VAC, 50 Hz; 480 VAC generator

3-phase, 30 A 3-phase, 30 A


std configuration $450,000 $225,000 $450,000 Not specified

Digital upgradelist price NA $295,000 NA NA



USA/worldwide >100 worldwide 15/23 15/23 10/65Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December March to February

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS U-arm design; None specified. 14-bit digital data FujiFilm DRC imagevariable SID; capture; 139 µm processing included;single-operator pixel pitch; 10 sec capable of producingconsole; exam coach preview display three 35 x 43 cmsoftware. Meets time; 30 sec/image (14 x 17") images inrequirements of CSA, cycle time; 35 x 18.4 sec.CUL, and UL. 43 cm (14 x 17")

image size.





MODEL GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE

Compax 40E Proteus XR/a Revolution XR/d Silhouette VR




SYSTEMFilm Yes Yes No YesDigital No No Yes No

Type NA NA Not specified NA

Tomography No Yes No No

TABLE TYPE 4-way float-top 4-way float-top 4-way float-top 4-way float-topTable tilt, ° 0 0 0 0



Tabletop material Carbon fiber Foam core Foam core Foam core

Tabletop motion 4-way, floating 4-way, floating 4-way, floating 4-way, floatingPower assist No No AutoTrack tube/tableTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 60.6 (23.9) ±39 (±15.4) ±39 (±15.4) ±42.5 (±16.7)Lateral ±11.6 (±4.6) ±11.6 (±4.6) ±11.6 (±4.6) ±11 (±4)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6) 208 (81.8)Width, cm (in) 86.8 (34.2) 84 (33) 84 (33) 81.8 (32)Height, cm (in) 52-92 (20.5-36.2) 50-80 (19-31) 52-82 (20-32) 70 (27.5)

X-ray density <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) 310 (682) 220 (480) 220 (480) 181 (400)

Table support Pedestal base Pedestal base Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedLocking system Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

BUCKY SYSTEMType Superspeed Motorized (direct Filmless Fixed grid

drive)Size, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) NA 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC Yes Yes Yes Yes

Grid ratios 12:1 12:1 12:1 10:1

Lines/mm (in) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedCassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to All metric/English Filmless All metric/English35 x 43 (14 x 17) to 35x43 cm (14x17") to 35x43 cm (14x17")

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 60 (23.6) ±63 (±25) ±63 (±25) ±42.5 (±16.7)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution NA NA 2.5 lp/mm, DQE 68% NAMatrix, pixels NA NA 2022 x 2022, 200 µm NAGray levels NA NA 14-bit NADICOM 3.0 compliant NA NA Yes NA





MODEL GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE

Compax 40E Proteus XR/a Revolution XR/d Silhouette VR


Bucky Yes Yes Filmless YesCross table Yes Yes No YesHorizontal Yes Yes Yes YesOff table Yes Yes No YesUpgradable for

digital Not specified Yes NA Not specified

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units MPH (50, 65, 80 kW) GE Proteus XR/a Advantx E GE Silhouette VR

(32 or 50 kW, (65, 80 kW) (32, 50 kW)65 or 80 kW)

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Maxiray 100 Varian RAD-14, Maxiray 100 Toshiba/RAD 12

Maxiray 100

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension XT suspension or Overhead Overhead Tubestand

RS85 tubestand integrated withtable

Model, collimator Ultranet, auto Automatic multileaf Automatic multileaf Manual multileafw/filter selection

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Yes Yes Yes YesHandgrips Yes Yes Yes YesHead clamps Optional Optional Optional YesFootrest No No No NoOthers None specified None specified None specified None specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 115 VAC, 60 Hz or 380-480 VAC ±10%, 380-480 VAC ±10%, 380-480 VAC ±10%,220-240 VAC, 50 Hz 50/60 Hz ±6%, 50/60 Hz ±6%, 50/60 Hz ±6%,

3-phase 3-phase 3-phase


std configuration $120,000-175,000 $98,000-155,000 $520,000-725,000 Not specified

Digital upgradelist price Not specified Not specified NA Not specified


Year first sold Not specified 2000 2000 1999Number installed

USA/worldwide Not specified 110/225 Not specified Not specified/140Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. None specified.





MODEL HOLOGIC HOLOGIC HOLOGIC HOLOGIC

EPEX Chest Plus EPEX ER Mobile Table EPEX Fixed Table EPEX Symphony TwoDR System DR System Detector DR System





Type Direct-capture amor- Direct-capture amor- Direct-capture amor- Direct-capture amor-phous Se flat panel * phous Se flat panel * phous Se flat panel * phous Se flat panel *


TABLE TYPE NA Floating, elevating Floating, elevating Floating, elevatingTable tilt, ° NA 0 0 0



Tabletop material NA Composite, carbon Composite, carbon Composite, carbonfiber fiber fiber

Tabletop motion NA 4-way, elevating 4-way, elevating 4-way, elevatingPower assist NA Yes Yes YesTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal NA ±50 (±19.7) ±50 (±19.7) ±50 (±19.7)Lateral NA ±13 (±5.1) ±13 (±5.1) ±13 (±5.1)

TabletopLength, cm (in) NA 213 (83.8) 213 (83.8) 213 (83.8)Width, cm (in) NA 86 (33.9) 86 (33.9) 86 (33.9)Height, cm (in) NA 69-94 (27.2-37) 69-94 (27.2-37) 69-94 (27.2-37)

X-ray density NA <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) NA 386 (650) 386 (650) 386 (650)

Table support NA Mobile table Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) NA 204 (450) 204 (450) 204 (450)Locking system Manual Bucky with Electronic, Electronic, Electronic,

autotracking tube mechanical mechanical mechanical

BUCKY SYSTEMType Digital array on Digital array on Digital array on Digital array on

articulating arm articulating arm articulating arm articulating armSize, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

portrait/landscape portrait/landscape portrait/landscape portrait/landscapeAEC 3-field ion chamber 3-field ion chamber 3-field ion chamber 3-field ion chamber

Grid ratios 10:1/removable 10:1/removable 10:1/removable 10:1/removable(optional 12:1) (optional 12:1) (optional 12:1)

Lines/mm (in) 6 (152) 6 (152) 6 (152) 6 (152)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) NA Fully articulated Fully articulated Fully articulated

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.6 lp/mm Nyquist 3.6 lp/mm Nyquist 3.6 lp/mm Nyquist 3.6 lp/mm NyquistMatrix, pixels 7.8 million 7.8 million 7.8 million 7.8 millionGray levels 4,096 4,096 4,096 4,096DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Semiconductor x-ray absorber coating over thin-film transistor detector element matrix. two pages covering

the above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.




MODEL HOLOGIC HOLOGIC HOLOGIC HOLOGIC

EPEX Chest Plus EPEX ER Mobile Table EPEX Fixed Table EPEX Symphony TwoDR System DR System Detector DR System



digital Native digital Native digital Native digital Native digital

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units 80 kW, 150 kVp, 80 kW, 150 kVp, 80 kW, 150 kVp, 80 kW, 150 kVp,

800 mA 1,000 mA 1,000 mA 1,000 mA

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm

FS, 34/100 kW, FS, 34/100 kW, FS, 34/100 kW, FS, 34/100 kW,150 kVp 150 kVp 150 kVp 150 kVp

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Optional overhead or Overhead tube crane Overhead tube crane Overhead tube crane

floor-mountedtubestand

Model, collimator Autocollimation with Autocollimation with Autocollimation with Autocollimation withmanual override manual override manual override manual override

ACCESSORIESCompression bands NA Optional Optional OptionalHandgrips Yes Optional Optional OptionalHead clamps NA Optional Optional OptionalFootrest NA Not specified Not specified Not specifiedOthers Not specified O2 bottle, IV Not specified Not specified

pole holder, extrasteering handles

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400-480 VAC, 400-480 VAC, 400-480 VAC, 400-480 VAC,50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Digital upgradelist price Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified



USA/worldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year October to September October to September October to September October to September

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS DirectRay operator DirectRay operator EPEX includes graph- DirectRay operatorconsole includes console includes ical user interface console includesgraphical user graphical user with keyboard/mouse; graphical userinterface w/keyboard interface w/keyboard preview image moni- interface w/keyboardand mouse; preview and mouse; preview tor; DICOM protocols and mouse; previewimage monitor; DICOM image monitor; DICOM include storage image monitor; DICOMprotocols include protocols include service in CR/DX, protocols includestorage service in storage service in commit, print, and storage service inCR/DX, commit, CR/DX, commit, worklist. CR/DX, commit,print, and worklist. print, and worklist. print, and worklist.





MODEL HOLOGIC IDC IDC IDC

RADEX U-Arm Digital Xplorer 1500 Xplorer 1600 Xplorer 1800Radiographic System





Type Direct-capture amor- Single VHD CCD Single VHD CCD Single VHD CCDphous Se flat panel *

Tomography No Not specified Not specified Not specified

TABLE TYPE Optional stretchers Optional 4-way elevate float 4-way elevate floatTable tilt, ° 0 NA NA NA


vertical, sec NA NA NA NATilt indicator U-arm tilt only NA NA NA

Tabletop material Composite, carbon Plastic laminate Plastic laminate Plastic laminatefiber

Tabletop motion NA 4-way floating 4-way floating 4-way floatingPower assist No Yes Yes YesTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal NA 19.1 (7.5) 19.1 (7.5) 19.1 (7.5)Lateral NA 6.4 (2.5) 6.4 (2.5) 6.4 (2.5)

TabletopLength, cm (in) NA 216 (85) 216 (85) 216 (85)Width, cm (in) NA 70.5 (27.8) 70.5 (27.8) 70.5 (27.8)Height, cm (in) NA 57-86 (22.5-33.8) 57-86 (22.5-33.8) 57-86 (22.5-33.8)

X-ray density NA <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) NA Not specified Not specified Not specified

Table support Optional stretchers Pedestal base Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) NA 272 (599.8) 272 (599.8) 272 (599.8)Locking system NA Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical

BUCKY SYSTEMType Digital array and Stationary Stationary Stationary

tube on U-armSize, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

portrait/landscapeAEC 3-field ion chamber, Yes Yes Yes

SID 102-193 cmGrid ratios 10:1/removable 13:1 13:1 13:1

(optional 12:1)Lines/mm (in) 6 (152) 70/180 (7) 70/180 (7) 70/180 (7)

Cassettesizes, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) NA NA Filmless

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) NA NA NA NA

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.6 lp/mm Nyquist 4.6 lp/mm 4.6 lp/mm 4.6 lp/mmMatrix, pixels 7.8 million 108 µm 108 µm 108 µmGray levels 4,096 16,384 16,384 16,384DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Semiconductor x-ray absorber coating over thin-film transistor detector element matrix. two pages covering





MODEL HOLOGIC IDC IDC IDC

RADEX U-Arm Digital Xplorer 1500 Xplorer 1600 Xplorer 1800Radiographic System



digital Native digital NA NA NA

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units 80 kW, 150 kVp, CPI Indico 100 Sedecal CPI Indico 100

1,000 mA

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units 400 kHU, 0.6/1.2 mm RAD 92 (Varian) RAD 92 (Varian) RAD 92 (Varian)

FS, 34/100 kW,160 kVp

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Wall-mounted, U-arm- Siemens 3-D top Integrated Siemens 3-D top

linked x-ray tubeand Bucky

Model, collimator Autocollimation with Progeny Integrated Progenymanual override

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Optional No No NoHandgrips Optional No No NoHead clamps Optional No No NoFootrest Not specified No No NoOthers Lateral tabletop Not specified Not specified Not specified

cassette holder,feet, or handswitch

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400-480 VAC, Dedicated 110-250 Dedicated 110-250 Dedicated 110-25050/60 Hz


std configuration Not specified $138,462 $192,500 $245,000

Digital upgradelist price Not specified NA NA NA

Warranty 1 year 3 years; 5 years, 3 years; 5 years, 3 years; 5 years,extended extended extended


USA/worldwide Not specified 12 2 10Fiscal year October to September January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS DirectRay operator CAN/CSA C22.2 No. CAN/CSA C22.2 No. CAN/CSA C22.2 No.console includes 601.1, CE No. 601.1, CE No. 601.1, CE No.graphical user 77598 Council 77598 Council 77598 Councilinterface w/keyboard Directive 93/42/EEC, Directive 93/42/EEC, Directive 93/42/EEC,and mouse; preview EN 6061-1, FDA EN 6061-1, FDA EN 6061-1, FDAimage monitor; DICOM 501(K), ISO 9001: 501(K), ISO 9001: 501(K), ISO 9001:protocols include 2000 certification. 2000 certification. 2000 certification.storage service inCR/DX, commit,print, and worklist.





MODEL INFIMED ITALRAY LISTEM MEDICAL ELECTRONICSFAILED TO RESPOND * XCHANGE

StingRay DR BT-STATIX : DRS XSTARBTE-STATIX

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Europe, Middle East, Worldwide WorldwideNorth Africa

FDA CLEARANCE Yes No No Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes No Yes

SYSTEMFilm No Yes No NoDigital Yes No Yes Yes

Type Amorphous silicon/ NA Amorphous silicion + Amorphous siliconCsI flat panel CsI scintillator flat panel

Tomography Optional Optional NA No

TABLE TYPE None 4-way None Mobile/transmoveTable tilt, ° NA 0 NA NA



Tabletop material NA Plastic laminate NA Rad transparent

Tabletop motion NA 4-way NA Floating tabletopPower assist NA No NA NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal NA 95 (37.4) NA NALateral NA 25 (9.8) NA ±12 (4.7)

TabletopLength, cm (in) NA 220 (86.6) NA 195 (76.8)Width, cm (in) NA 73 (28.7) NA 55 (21.7)Height, cm (in) NA 75 (29.5) : 55-85 NA 71 (28)

(21.7-33.5)X-ray density NA ≤1 mm Al NA NA

Table wgt, kg (lb) NA Not specified NA Not specified

Table support NA Pedestal base NA 4 wheels w/foot lockMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) NA 135 (298) NA 205 (452)Locking system NA Electromagnetic NA Foot locks

BUCKY SYSTEMType Static or recipro- High speed Filmless 200-line grid

cating gridSize, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) NA 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC Yes Optional 3-field 3-field

Grid ratios 12:1, 10:1 12:1 12:1 10:1, 12:1

Lines/mm (in) Not specified 4 (103) 7.8 (200) 7.8 (200)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 13 x 18 (5 x 7), Filmless 17" x 17" field35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) Not specified 55 (21.7) NA NA

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.5 lp/mm NA 3.5 lp/mm 3.5 lp/mmMatrix, pixels 3121 x 3121 NA 3001 x 3001 3000 x 3000Gray levels 14-bit NA 14-bit 16,000 (14-bit)DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes NA Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Specifications current as of March 2001. two pages covering





MODEL INFIMED ITALRAY LISTEM MEDICAL ELECTRONICSFAILED TO RESPOND * XCHANGE

StingRay DR BT-STATIX : DRS XSTARBTE-STATIX


Bucky Yes Yes Filmless NACross table Depends on type Yes Yes YesHorizontal Yes Yes Not specified YesOff table Depends on type Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Digital Yes NA NA (digital system)

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units Any Pixel HF (30, 50, Any CPI, Sedacal,

65, 80 kW) existing

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Any Varian, Comet, IAE Any Varian 300k, 400k,

600k heat units

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Any Floor-mounted column Any Variable SID

tubestand

Model, collimator Any Multileaf manual Any Automatic

ACCESSORIESCompression bands NA Optional NA NAHandgrips NA Yes NA YesHead clamps NA Optional NA NAFootrest NA No NA NAOthers None specified None specified NA Turnkey system

POWER REQUIREMENTS 120 VAC, 50/60 Hz 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz 100/120/230/240 VAC, 110/220/480 VAC,50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified $240,000


Warranty 18 months 1 year 1 year 1 year


USA/worldwide Not specified NA/not specified 60 total Not specifiedFiscal year January to December Not specified January to December September to August

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Full-resolution Optional tomography None specified. Patented, fullyimage in <8 sec; no with 5 angles and 5 counterbalanced C-refresh time on speeds. arm positionerpanel; exam-specific replaces convention-processing; print, al chest stand andworklist, storage, table, enabling usecommit, send, query/ of 1 flat panel;retrieve for DICOM; DICOM, RIS/HISimage stitching integratable.software; AIO. **

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Specifications current as of March 2001.** Also customizable Look-Up-Table, AIO, low noise edge enhancement, histogram applications further customize image. Approved

CSA, EN, IEC, ISO 9001:2000, and UL.




MODEL METALTRONICA MULTIMAGE MULTIMAGE PHILIPS

KEV-ONE UNIMED 200 HF UNIMED 300 HF BuckyDiagnost CS

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide, except Worldwide Worldwide WorldwideUSA

FDA CLEARANCE No Yes Yes Yes


SYSTEMFilm Yes Yes Yes YesDigital No No No No

Type NA NA NA NA

Tomography Optional attachment Not specified Not specified Electronic (barless)

TABLE TYPE 4-way float-top 4-way float-top 4-way float-top Elevating or fixedTable tilt, ° 0 0 0 0



Tabletop material Plastic laminate Plastic laminate Plastic laminate Getalit or Kevlar

Tabletop motion 4-way 4-way, floating 4-way, floating Floating tabletopPower assist No No No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 120 (47.2) 80 (35.4) 80 (35.4) 120 (47.2)Lateral 30 (11.8) 24 (9.4) 24 (9.4) 26; 36 (10.2; 14.2)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 235 (92.5) 200 (78.7) 200 (78.7) 240 (94.5)Width, cm (in) 76 (30) 66 (26) 66 (26) 75; 85 (29.5; 33.5)Height, cm (in) 74 (29.1) 85 (33.5) 85 (33.5) 51.5-91.5 (20.3-36)

X-ray density <1 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm Al ≤0.56 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) 380 (838) 66 (145) 74 (163) Not specified


supported, kg (lb) 130 (287) Not specified Not specified 210 (460)Locking system Electromagnetic Mechanical Mechanical Electromagnetic

negative

BUCKY SYSTEMType Oscillating Optional superspeed Optional superspeed Automatic or manual


AEC Optional Yes Yes Amplimat

Grid ratios 10:1 10:1 10:1 12:1; 8:1

Lines/mm (in) 3.5 (90) Not specified Not specified 36 (90)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7), 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to35 x 43 (14 x 17) maximum maximum 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 60 (23.6) 48 (19) 48 (19) ±20 (±7.8)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution NA NA NA NAMatrix, pixels NA NA NA NAGray levels NA NA NA NADICOM 3.0 compliant NA NA NA NA





MODEL METALTRONICA MULTIMAGE MULTIMAGE PHILIPS

KEV-ONE UNIMED 200 HF UNIMED 300 HF BuckyDiagnost CS


Bucky Yes Optional Yes YesCross table Yes Optional Yes YesHorizontal Yes Optional Yes YesOff table Yes Optional Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Yes No No Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units HF, 3-phase 40 kHz HF 40 kHz HF Optimus (50, 65, 80

kW) 3-phase or 30 kWsingle-phase

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units 300,000 HU rating, Toshiba Toshiba RO 1750, SRO 33/100,

0.6-1.2 mm focus SRO 25/50, SRO 09/51

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Integrated standard Floor mounted Floor mounted CS 2-4

Model, collimator Multileaf Manual Manual Automatic or manual

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Optional Optional Optional OptionalHandgrips Yes No No OptionalHead clamps Yes No No OptionalFootrest No No No NoOthers Filtrorad for None None Optional lateral

differentiated cassette holderbeam filtration *

POWER REQUIREMENTS 220-240 VAC, 220/240, 1-phase, 220/240, 1-phase, 480 VAC, 3-phase,50/60 Hz; 110 VAC 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz; 50/60 Hzoptional 380/440, 3-phase

(without capacitors)


std configuration $8,900-16,100, table $12,000-18,000 $17,000-22,000 $90,000-135,000& lateral tubestand

Digital upgradelist price Not specified NA NA $360,000

Warranty 1 year 2 years 2 years 1 year


USA/worldwide NA/30 Not specified Not specified 1,000/3,700+Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Kevlar and glass- High-frequency x-ray High-frequency x-ray None specified.fiber construction; generator located generator locatedcan be used with under table; under table withvertical Bucky microprocessor capacitors for lowstands; optional control panel with (<3 kW) powerremote control and anatomic programs. supply; microproces-automatic filtering. sor control panelMeets requirements with anatomicof EC Directive programs.93/42.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* For chest and vertebral spine exams.




MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS QUANTUM MEDICALIMAGING

BuckyDiagnost FS Digital DIAGNOST TH Digital DIAGNOST VM Q-Rad Series




SYSTEMFilm Yes Optional NA YesDigital No Yes Yes Optional

Type NA CsI scintillator CsI scintillator Amorphous Siwith amorphous Si with amorphous Si

Tomography Electronic (barless) Electronic digital NA Optional

TABLE TYPE Elevating or fixed Elevating Elevating 4-way floating, elevTable tilt, ° 0 0 0 Optional -5/89

Speed, °/sec NA NA NA 6 optionalHorizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA NA NA 22 optionalTilt indicator NA NA NA Optional

Tabletop material GetaLit or Kevlar GetaLit or Kevlar Kevlar Radiolucent

Tabletop motion Floating tabletop Floating tabletop Floating tabletop 4-way, floatingPower assist No No No YesTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 120 (47.2) 120 (47.2) 40 (15.7) 82 (32)Lateral 26; 36 (10.2; 14.2) 26; 36 (10.2; 14.2) 40 (15.7) 25.4 (10)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 240 (94.5) 240 (94.5) 260 (102.4) 216 (85)Width, cm (in) 75; 85 (29.5; 33.5) 75; 85 (29.5; 33.5) 75 (29.5) 90 (35.5)Height, cm (in) 51.5-91.5 (20.3-36) 51.5-91.5 (20.3-36) 51.5-91.5 (20.3-36) 83 (32.5)

X-ray density ≤0.56 mm Al ≤0.56 mm Al ≤1.2 mm Al <1 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) Not specified Not specified 170 (374.9) 227 (500)

Table support Pedestal base Pedestal base See footnote * Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 210 (460) 210 (460) 240 (529.2) 295.5 (650)Locking system Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

(fail safe)

BUCKY SYSTEMType Automatic or manual Digital detector Digital detector Parspeed/superspeed

(selectable)Size, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

digital detectorAEC Amplimat Amplimat 5-chamber Amplimat 3-field

Grid ratios 12:1; 8:1 12:1; 8:1 12:1; 8:1 10:1, 12:1

Lines/mm (in) 36 (90) 36 (90) 36 (90) 4 (103), othersCassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) All35 x 43 (14 x 17) image format

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) ±20 (±7.8) ±20 (±7.8) NA 50.8 (20)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution NA Up to 3.5 lp/mm Up to 3.5 lp/mm 3.1 lp/mm **Matrix, pixels NA 2941 x 3021 2941 x 3021 160 µm pixel sizeGray levels NA 14-bit 14-bit 4,096DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Single-sided suspended table. two pages covering** Nyquist 4.2 visible. the above model(s).





MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS QUANTUM MEDICALIMAGING

BuckyDiagnost FS Digital DIAGNOST TH Digital DIAGNOST VM Q-Rad Series



digital Yes NA NA Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units Optimus (50, 65, 80 Optimus (50, 65, Optimus (50, 65, ODYSSEY HF, QUEST HF

kW) 3-phase or 30 kW 80 kW) 3-phase 80 kW) 3-phase Series: 120 kHz, 80-single-phase 32 kW

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units RO 1750, SRO 33/100, RO 1750, SRO 33/100, RO 1750, SRO 33/100, Varian, Toshiba,

SRO 25/50, SRO 09/51 SRO 25/50, SRO 09/51 SRO 25/50, SRO 09/51 Dunlee, others

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension FS-S, FS-F, FS-C CS 2-4 or FS CS 2-4 RS-580 overhead

tomo, QS-550 floormounted

Model, collimator Automatic or manual Automatic Automatic Automatic/selectablesemiautomatic/manual

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Optional Optional No OptionalHandgrips Optional Yes Yes YesHead clamps Optional Optional No OptionalFootrest No No No OptionalOthers Optional lateral Optional lateral None specified Optional lateral

cassette holder, cassette holder, cassette holderoptional sinus cone optional sinus cone

POWER REQUIREMENTS 480 VAC, 3-phase, 480 VAC, 3-phase, 480 VAC, 3-phase, Any50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz


std configuration $60,000-90,000 $550,000 $420,000 $42,000-99,000

Digital upgradelist price NA NA NA $225,000-414,000



USA/worldwide 60/200 38/86 38/86 >1,000Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. Bar-code reader; RIS Bar-code reader; RIS Servo-driven fail-interface; digital interface; digital safe electromagneticwallstand; network wallstand; network systems; collision-connectivity pack- connectivity avoidance electricage; HCU direct package; HCU direct and safety lockoutconnect; optional connect; optional control switch;tracking (automatic tracking (automatic stored energy gene-SID control as table SID control as table rator for use w/low-is elevated). is elevated). voltage outlet and

as mobile unit.





MODEL QUANTUM MEDICAL REMESTA RENDIX SHIMADZUIMAGINGQV-800 Universal VALUEGEN RADIX 90/15°System Combi Elevator Radiographic

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide USA Worldwide North America

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes No Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes No No Yes

SYSTEMFilm Yes Yes Yes YesDigital Optional No Optional No

Type Amorphous Si NA NA NA

Tomography No Optional Optional linear No

TABLE TYPE 4-way floating, elev 4-way integrated Basic TiltingTable tilt, ° NA 0 0 -15 to +90

Speed, °/sec NA NA NA 4.5Horizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA NA NA 20Tilt indicator NA NA NA Yes

Tabletop material Radiolucent Plastic laminate Plastic laminate Plastic laminate

Tabletop motion 4-way, floating top 4-way, floating 4-way, floating 4-wayPower assist Yes No No YesTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 38 (15) 110 (43.3) 112 (44.1) 152.4 (60)Lateral 12.7 (5) 23 (9.1) 25.4 (10) 17.8 (7)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 216 (85) 220 (86.6) 210 (82.7) 205.7 (81)Width, cm (in) 70.5 (27.8) 81 (31.9) 77 (30.3) 76.2 (30)Height, cm (in) 69 (27.2) or 80 53.5-85 (21.1-33.5) Not specified 87.6 (34.5)

(31.5), othersX-ray density <1 mm Al <0.7 mm Al <1 mm Al <1 mm Al

Table wgt, kg (lb) 174 (383.7) Not specified 240 (528) 483 (1,065)

Table support Support legs * Pedestal base Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 317.5 (700.1) Not specified Not specified 216 (476)Locking system Friction/manual for Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

tabletop float

BUCKY SYSTEMType Parspeed/superspeed/ Superspeed Parspeed, Superspeed,

(selectable) superspeed reciprocatingSize, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC 3-field Yes Ion chamber, 3-field Yes

Grid ratios 10:1, 12:1 10:1, 12:1 10:1, 12:1 10:1

Lines/mm (in) 4 (103), others 4 (103) Not specified 4 (103)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) All 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to Up to 35 x 43 Size sensing43 x 43 (17 x 17) (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 50.8 (20) 61 (24) 50.8 (20) 121.9 (48)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.1 lp/mm ** NA NA NAMatrix, pixels 160 µm pixel size NA NA NAGray levels 4,096 NA NA NADICOM 3.0 compliant Yes NA NA NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* With locking wheels. two pages covering** Nyquist 4.2 visible. the above model(s).





MODEL QUANTUM MEDICAL REMESTA RENDIX SHIMADZUIMAGINGQV-800 Universal VALUEGEN RADIX 90/15°System Combi Elevator Radiographic



digital Yes Yes Yes Not specified

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units ODYSSEY HF, QUEST HF VALUEGEN V-425 Harmonix HF, UD150L-30 (50 kW),

Series: 120 kHz, 80- 30-80 kW UD150B-30 (80 kW)32 kW

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Varian, Toshiba, Varian A192, A292 Any Varian

Dunlee, others

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Universal system Integrated Any CH-30GH-20

(QV-800)

Model, collimator Automatic/selectable Progeny Linear Any Progenysemiautomatic/manual manual/automatic

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Optional Optional Optional YesHandgrips Yes Optional Optional YesHead clamps Optional Optional Optional YesFootrest No Not specified No YesOthers Optional lateral Cross-table cassette None specified None specified

cassette holder holder, tomo, wallstand, wall Bucky

POWER REQUIREMENTS Any 220 VAC, 20 A 110/220 VAC, 208-240 VAC, 75 kVA50/60 Hz


std configuration $100,000 $60,000-85,000 $45,000-100,000 $90,000-120,000

Digital upgradelist price $347,000 Not specified Not specified Not specified


Year first sold 2003 Not specified Not specified Not specifiedNumber installed

USA/worldwide Not specified Not specified/NA Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Fail-safe electro- Complies with None specified. Meets requirementsmagnetic systems; federal, state, and of ETL.collision-avoidance local regulations.electric and safetylockout controlswitch; storedenergy generator foruse w/low-voltageoutlet and as mobileunit.





MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SIEMENS SIEMENS

Elevating Non-elevating AXIOM ARISTOS FX AXIOM ARISTOS MXRadiographic Radiographic

WHERE MARKETED North America North America Worldwide Worldwide



SYSTEMFilm Yes Yes No NoDigital No No Yes Yes

Type Stationary Stationary CsI scintillator * CsI scintillator *

Tomography Optional Optional No Available soon

TABLE TYPE 4-way elevating 4-way 4-way float-top 4-way float-topTable tilt, ° 0 0 0 0



Tabletop material Plastic laminate Plastic laminate Carbon fiber Composite material

Tabletop motion 4-way 4-way 4-way, floating 4-way, floatingPower assist No No No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 114.3 (45) 114.3 (45) ±10 (±3.9) ±48 (±18.9)Lateral 27.9 (11) 27.9 (11) ±10 (±3.9) ±14 (5.5)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 221 (87) 221 (87) 300 (118.1) 240 (94.5)Width, cm (in) 81.3 (32) 81.3 (32) 75 (29.5) 80 (31.5)Height, cm (in) 80 (31.5) and 80 (31.5) 59.8-88.8 (23.5-35) 59.8-88.8 (23.5-35)

86.4 (34)X-ray density <1 mm Al <1 mm Al ≤0.6 mm Al ≤0.6 mm Al

Table wgt, kg (lb) 291 (642) 219 (482) 330 (727.7) 360 (793.8)


supported, kg (lb) 300 (661) 300 (661) 220 (485.1) 227 (500)Locking system Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

BUCKY SYSTEMType Superspeed, Superspeed, Filmless Filmless

reciprocating reciprocatingSize, cm (in) Up to 43 x 43 43 x 43 (17 x 17) NA NA

(17 x 17)AEC Optional Optional 3-field Iontomat 3-field Iontomat

Grid ratios 10:1 10:1 15:1 15:1


sizes, cm (in) Size sensing Size sensing NA Filmless

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 114.3 (45) 114.3 (45) 180 (70.9) vertical 61 (24)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution NA NA 3.5 lp/mm 3.5 lp/mmMatrix, pixels NA NA 3000 x 3000, 147 µm 3000 x 3000, 147 µmGray levels NA NA 14-bit 14-bitDICOM 3.0 compliant NA NA Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Amorphous Si flat panel. two pages covering





MODEL SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SIEMENS SIEMENS

Elevating Non-elevating AXIOM ARISTOS FX AXIOM ARISTOS MXRadiographic Radiographic


Bucky Yes Yes Yes FilmlessCross table Yes Yes Yes YesHorizontal Yes Yes Yes YesOff table Yes Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Not specified Not specified NA NA

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units UD150L-30 (50 kW), UD150L-30 (50 kW), High-frequency, 50 High-frequency, 50

UD150B-30 (80 kW) UD150B-30 (80 kW) or 80 kW (POLYDOROS or 80 kW (POLYDOROSLX) LX)

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Varian Varian Siemens Optilix; Siemens Optilix;

0.6, 1 mm focal 0.6, 1 mm focalspot, 600 kHU * spot, 600 HU *

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension CH-30GH-20, CH-30GH-20, Overhead Ceiling mounted,

floor-to-ceiling floor-to-ceiling support adjustablein 3 spatial axes

Model, collimator Progeny Progeny Automatic multileaf Automatic multileafmanual/automatic manual/automatic w/filter selection w/filter selection

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Yes Yes No YesHandgrips Yes Yes Yes YesHead clamps Yes Yes Optional OptionalFootrest No No No NoOthers None specified None specified Bar-code reader; Bar-code reader;

footswitch for table footswitch for tableheight adjustment height adjustment

POWER REQUIREMENTS 208-240 VAC, 75 kVA 208-240 VAC, 75 kVA 400-480 VAC ±10%, 400-480 VAC ±10%,50/60 Hz ±6%, 50/60 Hz ±6%,3-phase 3-phase


std configuration $85,000-105,000 $78,000-88,000 $695,000-735,000 $575-765,000



Year first sold Not specified Not specified 2002 1999Number installed

USA/worldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year January to December January to December October to September October to September

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Field upgradable Field upgradable Decentered colli- Decentered colli-for Canon DR. Meets for Canon DR. Meets mation; 17 x 17" mation; 17 x 17"requirements of ETL. requirements of ETL. detector; scoliosis detector; scoliosis

imaging; footswitch imaging; footswitchfor locking table- for locking table-top movement; table top movement; tableshuttle; patient shuttle; patientsupport for chest support for chestexams; additional exams; additionalimage storage. ** image storage. **

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Also Siemens Optitop; 0.6, 1 mm focal spot, 783 HU.** Additional patient display at wallstand.




MODEL SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS

AXIOM ARISTOS TX AXIOM ARISTOS VX MULTIX MT MULTIX PRO




SYSTEMFilm No No No YesDigital Yes Yes Yes No

Type CsI scintillator * CsI scintillator * Digital NA

Tomography No No Electronic Electronic

TABLE TYPE None Safe cart stretcher Not specified 4-way float-topTable tilt, ° 0 10 0 0

Speed, °/sec NA Manual NA NAHorizontal-to-


Tabletop material NA Radiolucent Compound Compound tabletop

Tabletop motion NA NA 4-way, floating 4-way, floatingPower assist NA NA No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal NA NA 96 (37.8) 96 (37.8)Lateral NA NA 28 (11) 28 (11)

TabletopLength, cm (in) NA 196 (77.2) 240 (94.5) 240 (94.5)Width, cm (in) NA 60 (23.6) 80 (31.5) 80 (31.5)Height, cm (in) NA 71.5-107 (28.1-42.1) 59-89 (23.2-35) 59-89 (23.2-35)

X-ray density NA NA <0.6 mm AL <0.6 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) NA 67 (147.7) 750 (1,653.8) 750 (1,650)

Table support NA NA Pedestal vase Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) NA 135 (297.7) 227 (500.5) 227 (500)Locking system NA 4 locking casters Electormagnetic/ Electromagnetic/

permanent permanent

BUCKY SYSTEMType Filmless Filmless Microprocessor Microprocessor

catapult catapultSize, cm (in) NA NA 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC 3-field Iontomat 3-field Iontomat 3-field Iontomat 3-field Iontomat

Grid ratios 15:1 15:1 12:1 12:1


sizes, cm (in) Filmless Filmless NA 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 35.6-172.7 (14-68) 35.6-172.7 (14-68) 61 (24) 61 (24)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.5 lp/mm 3.5 lp/mm 3.2 lp/mm NAMatrix, pixels 3000 x 3000, 147 µm 3000 x 3000, 147 µm 160 µm NAGray levels 14-bit 14-bit 12-bit NADICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes Yes NA

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Amorphous Si flat panel. two pages covering





MODEL SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS

AXIOM ARISTOS TX AXIOM ARISTOS VX MULTIX MT MULTIX PRO


Bucky Filmless Using stretcher NA YesCross table W/optional stretcher Yes Yes YesHorizontal NA Yes Yes YesOff table Yes Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital NA NA NA Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units High-frequency, 50 High-frequency, 50 Polydoros High-frequency,

kW (POLYDOROS LX) or 80 kW (POLYDOROS choice of POLYDOROSLX) IT 55, 65, or 80 kW

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Siemens Optilix; Siemens Optilix; Siemens Optilix; Siemens Optilix;

0.6, 1 mm focal 0.6, 1 mm focal 0.6, 1 mm focal 0.6, 1 mm focalspot, 600 HU spot, 600 HU * spot, 600 HU * spot, 600 HU *

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Floor-mounted, mo- Ceiling mounted, Ceiling-mounted tube Integrated floor

torized tube support support adjustable support 3-D topwith servo tracking in 3 spatial axes

Model, collimator Automatic multileaf Automatic multileaf Ralco Ralcow/filter selection w/filter selection

ACCESSORIESCompression bands NA No Optional OptionalHandgrips NA No Yes YesHead clamps NA No NA NoFootrest NA No No NoOthers Bar-code reader; Bar-code reader; Collision protec- Collision protec-

footswitch for stand footswitch for table tion; footswitch for tion; footswitch forheight adjustment height adjustment table height adjust table height adjust

POWER REQUIREMENTS 400-480 VAC ±10%, 400-480 VAC ±10%, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz,50/60 Hz ±6%, 50/60 Hz ±6%, 3-phase 3-phase3-phase 3-phase


std configuration $475,000-490,000 $525,000-575,000 $350,000-400,000 $60,000-90,000

Digital upgradelist price NA NA NA NA



USA/worldwide Not specified Not specified 4/9 Not specifiedFiscal year October to September October to September October to September October to September

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Patient support for Decentered colli- Footswitch for Footswitch forchest exams; mation; 17 x 17" tabletop release; tabletop release;additional image- detector; patient lateral cassette lateral cassettestorage capacity; support for chest holder. holder.dose-measuring exams; additionalchamber in colli- image storage; dose-mator; additional measuring chamber inpatient display at collimator; addi-wallstand. tional patient dis-

play at wallstand.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Also Siemens Optitop; 0.6, 1 mm focal spot, 783 HU.




MODEL SIEMENS STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX

MULTIX TOP TBM 0 TPF 1S TPF 2S


FDA CLEARANCE Yes No No No


SYSTEMFilm Yes Yes Yes YesDigital No No No No

Type NA NA NA NA

Tomography Electronic No No Optional

TABLE TYPE 4-way float-top Tilting Float-top Float-topTable tilt, ° 0 -13 to +90 0 0

Speed, °/sec NA Not specified NA NAHorizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA Not specified NA NATilt indicator NA Yes NA NA

Tabletop material Compound tabletop Laminate Laminate Laminate

Tabletop motion 4-way, floating Optional 4-way, floating 4-way, floatingPower assist No NA No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 96 (37.8) 100 (39.4) 85 (33.5) 110 (43.3)Lateral 28 (11) 22 (8.7) 25 (9.8) 24 (9.4)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 240 (94.5) 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6)Width, cm (in) 80 (31.5) 74 (29.1) 75 (29.5) 80 (31.5)Height, cm (in) 59-89 (23.2-35) 83 (32.7) or 87 w/2 71 (28) 75 (29.5)

long & lateral movesX-ray density <0.6 mm Al Not specified Not specified Not specified

Table wgt, kg (lb) 360 (794) 300 (661.5) 110 (242) 190 (419)

Table support Pedestal base Base Not specified Not specifiedMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 227 (500) 135 (297.7) Not specified 200 (445)Locking system Electromagnetic/ Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

permanent

BUCKY SYSTEMType Microprocessor Not specified Not specified Not specified

catapultSize, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 43 x 43 (17 x 17)

AEC 3-field Iontomat Optional Optional Optional

Grid ratios 12:1 12:1 12:1 12:1

Lines/mm (in) 4 (103) Not specified Not specified Not specifiedCassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 61 (24) 97 (38.2), 92 (36.2) 45 (17.7) 51 (20.1)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution NA NA NA 3.5 lp/mmMatrix, pixels NA NA NA 3000 x 3000Gray levels NA NA NA NADICOM 3.0 compliant NA NA NA Yes





MODEL SIEMENS STEPHANIX STEPHANIX STEPHANIX

MULTIX TOP TBM 0 TPF 1S TPF 2S


Bucky Yes Yes Yes YesCross table Yes Yes No NoHorizontal Yes Yes Yes YesOff table Yes Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Yes Not specified NA Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units High-frequency, N32 HF/N32 HFR, N32 HF/N32 HFR, N32 HF/N32 HFR,

choice of POLYDOROS N40 HF/N40 HFR, N40 HF/N40 HFR, N40 HF/N40 HFR,IT 55, 65, or 80 kW N50 HF/N50 HFR N50 HF/N50 HFR N50 HF/N50 HFR

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Siemens Optilix; Varian, IAE Varian, IAE Varian, IAE

0.6, 1 mm focalspot, 600 HU *

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Ceiling-mounted tube Tubestand: C1 HR, Tubestand: C1 HR, Tubestand: C1 HR,

support 3-D top C2 RS C2 RS; ceiling: C2 RS; ceiling:SP 1S, SP 2S, SP 3S SP 1S, SP 2S, SP 3S

Model, collimator Ralco Not specified Not specified Not specified

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Optional Optional Optional YesHandgrips Yes Yes Yes YesHead clamps No Optional No Not specifiedFootrest No Yes No NoOthers Collision protec- None specified None specified None specified

tion, footswitch fortable height adjust

POWER REQUIREMENTS 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 380 VAC, 50 Hz, 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz 115/208/230/240 VAC,3-phase 3-phase 50/60 Hz


std configuration $110,000-180,000 Contact export Contact export Contact exportdepartment department department

Digital upgradelist price NA Not specified Not specified Not specified


Year first sold 1997 Not specified Not specified Not specifiedNumber installed

USA/worldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year October to September January to December January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Footswitch for None specified. None specified. Optional tomographytabletop release; from 8° tolateral cassette 40° in 3 steps,holder. slow/fast speed.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Also Siemens Optitop; 0.6, 1 mm focal spot, 783 HU.




MODEL STEPHANIX SWISSRAY SWISSRAY SWISSRAY

TPF 3S ddRCombi ddRModulaire ddRModulaire Plus


FDA CLEARANCE No Yes Yes Yes


SYSTEMFilm Yes No No NoDigital No Yes Yes Yes

Type NA dOd high-resolution dOd high-resolution dOd high-resolutiondetector detector detector

Tomography Optional No No No

TABLE TYPE Float-top Mobile floating Mobile floating Mobile floatingTable tilt, ° 0 0 0 0

Speed, °/sec NA Manual Manual ManualHorizontal-to-


Tabletop material Laminate Carbon fiber Carbon fiber Carbon fiber

Tabletop motion 4-way, floating 4-way, floating 4-way, floating 4-way, floatingPower assist No No No NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 110 (43.3) Unlimited Unlimited UnlimitedLateral 24 (9.4) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

TabletopLength, cm (in) 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6) 220 (86.6)Width, cm (in) 80 (31.5) 67 (26.4) 67 (26.4) 67 (26.4)Height, cm (in) 50-90 (19.7-35.4) 82 (32.3) 82 (32.3) 82 (32.3)

X-ray density Not specified NA NA NATable wgt, kg (lb) 280 (617) NA NA NA

Table support Not specified Pedestal base Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 200 (445) 225 (496.1) 225 (496.1) 225 (496.1)Locking system Electromagnetic Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical

BUCKY SYSTEMType Not specified High-speed, direct High-speed, direct High-speed, direct

digital digital digitalSize, cm (in) 43 x 43 (17 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

AEC Optional 3-field 3-field 3-field

Grid ratios 12:1 10:1 10:1 10:1

Lines/mm (in) Not specified 43 (110) 43 (110) 43 (110)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to Cassette-free Cassette-free Cassette-free35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 51 (20.1) Fixed (multi-axis) Fixed (multi-axis) Fixed (multi-axis)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 3.5 lp/mm 3 lp/mm 3 lp/mm 3 lp/mmMatrix, pixels 3000 x 3000 5.2 megapixel 5.2 megapixel 5.2 millionGray levels NA 65,536 (16-bit) 65,536 (16-bit) 65,536 (16-bit)DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes, and IHE Yes, and IHE Yes, and IHE





MODEL STEPHANIX SWISSRAY SWISSRAY SWISSRAY

TPF 3S ddRCombi ddRModulaire ddRModulaire Plus


Bucky Yes Yes Yes YesCross table No Yes Yes YesHorizontal Yes Yes Yes YesOff table Yes Yes Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Yes NA (digital system) NA (digital system) NA (digital system)

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units N32 HF/N32 HFR, 80 KW GEN-X-4000 80 KW GEN-X-4000 80 KW GEN-X-4000

N40 HF/N40 HFR, highliner highliner highlinerN50 HF/N50 HFR

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Varian, IAE Optitop 150/40/80 Optitop 150/40/80 Optitop 150/40/80

HC-100L HC-100L HC-100L

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Tubestand: C1 HR, Integrated FT-51 or Any Integrated column

C2 RS; ceiling: TS99SP 1S, SP 2S, SP 3S

Model, collimator Not specified Automatic Automatic Automatic

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Yes Optional Optional OptionalHandgrips Yes Optional Optional OptionalHead clamps Not specified Optional Optional OptionalFootrest No No No NoOthers None specified OrthoVision soft- OrthoVision soft- OrthoVision soft-

ware, DAP dose moni- ware, DAP dose moni- ware, DAP dose moni-tor, eXpertView tor, eXpertView * tor, eXpertView *

POWER REQUIREMENTS 115/208/230/240 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC, 400/480 VAC,50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase 50/60 Hz, 3-phase


std configuration Contact export $425,000 $375,000 $425,000department

Digital upgradelist price Not specified Included Included Included


Year first sold Not specified 1999 2001 2002Number installed

USA/worldwide Not specified 150+/300+ 150+/300+ 150+/300+Fiscal year January to December July to June July to June July to June

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Optional tomography IGS1000H elevating IGS1000H elevating IGS1000H elevatingfrom 8° to table; ergonomic table; ergonomic table; ergonomic40° in 3 steps, high-throughput high-throughput high-throughputslow/fast speed. digital system; digital system; digital system;

interface to DICOM interface to DICOM interface to DICOM(IHE) and HL7. Meets (IHE) and HL7. Meets (IHE) and HL7. Meetsrequirements of CCC, requirements of CCC, requirements of CCC,CE 124, DHHS, IEC, CE 124, DHHS, IEC, CE 124, DHHS, IEC,and SDA. and SDA. and SDA.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Also eXpertVoice.




MODEL TOSHIBA TOSHIBA TOSHIBA VILLA SISTEMIMEDICALI

T.RAD-PLUS T.RAD-PLUS Ceiling T.RAD-PLUS MOVIPLAN 800Ceiling Tomo or floor mount tube Floor tomo

WHERE MARKETED USA USA USA Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Not specified


SYSTEMFilm Yes Yes Yes YesDigital No Yes Yes No

Type NA Not specified Not specified Compatible w/digitalradiography systems

Tomography Electronic, barless NA Electronic, barless Optional

TABLE TYPE 4-way float-top 4-way float-top 4-way float-top Float-topTable tilt, ° 0 0 0 0



Tabletop material Carbon fiber Composite Carbon fiber Plastic laminate

Tabletop motion 4-way 4-way 4-way 4-way, floatingPower assist Floating Floating Floating NoTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 96 (37.8) 82 (32.3) 110 (43.3) 83 (32.7)Lateral 28 (11) 26 (10.2) 24 (9.4) 23 (9)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 240 (94.5) 216 (85) 220 (86.6) 218 (85.8)Width, cm (in) 80 (31.5) 90.1 (35.5) 80.7 (31.8) 70 (27.6)Height, cm (in) 59-89 (23.2-35) 53-83 (20.9-32.7) 54-85 (21.3-33.5) 46-79 (18.1-31.1)

X-ray density <0.6 mm Al <0.6 mm Al <0.6 mm Al 0.8 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) 750 (1,650) 360 (792); 345 (759) 360 (792); 310 (682) 200 (441) table;

ceiling tube support ceiling tube support 315 (695) tubestandTable support Pedestal base Pedestal base Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 227 (500) 295.5 (651.6) 300 (661.5) Not specifiedLocking system Electromagnetic/ Electromagnetic/ Electromagnetic/ Electromagnetic

permanent permanent permanent

BUCKY SYSTEMType Microprocessor Microprocessor Microprocessor Villa SD


AEC Iontomat, 3-field 3-field 3-field 3-field

Grid ratios 12:1 12:1 12:1 10:1

Lines/mm (in) 4 (103) 4 (103) 4 (103) 3.4 (85), 4.4 (173)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to Up to 35 x 4335 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 61 (24) 46 (18.1) 50 (19.7) 54 (21.3)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution NA 7.2 million 7.2 million NAMatrix, pixels NA 2688 x 2688, 160 µm 2688 x 2688, 160 µm NAGray levels NA 4,096 4,096 NADICOM 3.0 compliant NA Yes Yes NA





MODEL TOSHIBA TOSHIBA TOSHIBA VILLA SISTEMIMEDICALI

T.RAD-PLUS T.RAD-PLUS Ceiling T.RAD-PLUS MOVIPLAN 800Ceiling Tomo or floor mount tube Floor tomo



digital No Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units High frequency 50, High frequency 50, High frequency 50, Not specified

65, or 80 kW 65, or 80 kW 65, or 80 kW

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units Toshiba Toshiba Toshiba Not specified

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension Ceiling suspension Ceiling suspension Integrated tubestand Floor mount or

or integrated floor ceiling suspensiontubestand

Model, collimator Automatic Automatic (ceiling); Manual ES; manual withmanual (floor) light

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Yes Yes Yes OptionalHandgrips Yes Yes Yes YesHead clamps No No No OptionalFootrest No No No NoOthers Optional footswitch, Optional footswitch, Optional footswitch, Gynecologic leg

handswitch, rail handswitch, rail handswitch, rail supports, lateralextension extension extension cassette supports

POWER REQUIREMENTS 380-480 VAC ±5%, 380-480 VAC ±5%, 380-480 VAC ±5%, 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz,3-phase 3-phase 3-phase single-phase


std configuration ~$163,000- ~$103,000- ~$137,000- Not specified175,000 153,000 167,000

Digital upgradelist price NA $402,000-718,000 $402,000-718,000 Not specified

Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year Not specified

Year first sold 2000 2000 2000 Not specifiedNumber installed

USA/worldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedFiscal year April to March April to March April to March Not specified

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. Removable tomographyturret to allowlateral exposures;motorized,adjustable tabletopheight; rotatingcolumn with slidingfloor rails; digitaldisplay.





MODEL VMI VMI

Float-Top MM SERIMATIC

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE No No

CE MARK (MDD) No No

SYSTEMFilm Yes YesDigital Optional upgrade Optional upgrade

Type Solid-state matrix Solid-state matrix

Tomography Optional Optional

TABLE TYPE Float-top TiltingTable tilt, ° NA -15 to 90, -90 to 90 *

Speed, °/sec NA 4.5Horizontal-to-

vertical, sec NA 20Tilt indicator NA Yes

Tabletop material Laminate Laminate

Tabletop motion Floating HorizontalPower assist Optional vertical YesTravel, cm (in)

Longitudinal 120 (47.2) 120 (47.2)Lateral 76 (30) 17 (6.7)

TabletopLength, cm (in) 200 (78.7) 196 (77.2)Width, cm (in) 77 (30.3) 75 (29.5)Height, cm (in) 70 (27.6) 80 (31.5)

X-ray density <1 mm Al <1 mm AlTable wgt, kg (lb) 170 (375) 520 (1,146)

Table support Pedestal base Pedestal baseMaximum patient wgt

supported, kg (lb) 120 (265) 120 (265)Locking system Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

BUCKY SYSTEMType Superspeed Superspeed

Size, cm (in) 35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

AEC Optional 3-field Optional 3-field

Grid ratios 8:1, 10:1, 12:1 8:1, 10:1, 12:1

Lines/mm (in) 6 (152) 5.9 (150)Cassette

sizes, cm (in) 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to 13 x 18 (5 x 7) to35 x 43 (14 x 17) 35 x 43 (14 x 17)

Longitudinaltravel, cm (in) 70 (27.6) 95 (37.4)

DIGITAL SYSTEMSpatial resolution 512x512, 1024 x 1024 512x512, 1024 x 1024Matrix, pixels 1024x1024, 2048x2048 512x512, 1024 x 1024Gray levels 4,096 4,096DICOM 3.0 compliant Yes Yes

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* -25 to 90. two pages covering





MODEL VMI VMI

Float-Top MM SERIMATIC


Bucky Yes YesCross table Yes YesHorizontal Yes YesOff table Yes YesUpgradable for

digital Yes Yes

X-RAY GENERATORSPreferred units Compacto Plus Pulsar Plus

X-RAY TUBESPreferred units NARA 90, Varian NARA 90, Varian

TUBE SUSPENSIONModel, suspension EG EG, optional

integrated

Model, collimator VMI VMI

ACCESSORIESCompression bands Optional OptionalHandgrips Optional YesHead clamps NA OptionalFootrest NA YesOthers Preprogrammable Digital imaging

techniques system, preprogram-mable techniques

POWER REQUIREMENTS 220-380 VAC, 220-380 VAC,50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz


std configuration $3,000 $60,000

Digital upgradelist price Not specified Not specified

Warranty 1 year 1 year

Year first sold 1988 1988Number installed

USA/worldwide 650 60 worldwideFiscal year January to December January to December

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Licensed by Health Licensed by HealthDepartment of Department ofBrazil. Brazil.




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