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EGU2014, Vienna – 30 April, 2014
Riccardo Lanari IREA-CNR Napoli
Radar remote sensing from space for monitoring deformations
affecting urban areas and infrastructures
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
Active sensors: capability to "observe" during day and night
Why Radar (SAR) Imaging from space ?
Microwave sensors: capability to "observe" even in presence of clouds
Coherent sensors: capability to preserve both amplitude and “phase” information (SAR Interferometry)
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
S(t1)
S(t2)
Baseline
“Observing” with coherent systems -> DInSAR Scenario
-
Interferogram Campi Flegrei
- 2/λ
3/2000-7/2000
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
DInSAR Scenario (3)
The 29 May 2012, 5.8 ML Emilia (North Italy) earthquake
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
ERS1
ERS2
RADARSAT-1
ENVISAT
2010 1992 1995 2001 1997 2002
J-ERS1
1998 First Generation
2007 2014 2006
RADARSAT-2
2011
TERRASAR-X
SENTINEL-1
ALOS
ALOS-2
COSMO-SKYMED
Temporal evolution of radar satellites for Earth Observation
Second generation
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
Inte
rfer
ogra
ms
Berardino et al., 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. Pepe et al., 2005, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.
Mean deformation velocity [cm/yr]
> 0.75 <- 0.75
Mt. Vesuvio Campi Flegrei
Ischia
Advanced DInSAR technique: the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS)
ENVISAT
ERS
ERS/ENVISAT images (1992 – 2010)
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
Urban deformation phenomena: the city of Rome
Viale Giustiniano Imperatore area M
ean
velo
city
[cm
/yr]
> 0.5
<- 0.5
ERS/ENVISAT images (1992 – 2010)
Zeni et al., 2011, J. Geophys. Eng.
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
Bld. 2
Bld. 1
Building 2
Building 1
Selected buildings for damage assessment
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
DInSAR analysis on Viale Giustiniano Imperatore area
P1
P2
P3
Zeni et al., 2011, J. Geophys. Eng.
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
Bonano et al., 2012, Int. J. Remote Sens.
Locone Lake Dam (Puglia, South Italy)
ERS/ENVISAT images (1992 – 2007)
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
Analisi SqueeSAR™
Invasi artificiali per centrale idroelettrica
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
CSK3
•Sensor spatial resolution: 3 m •Spatial coverage: 40 x 40 km • X-band
CSK1 CSK2 CSK4 CSK1
8 days 1 3 days 4 days Time
16 days
COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Constellation
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
ERS: C-Band Spatial resolution: 5x20 m
Revisit time: 35 days Archives: 1992-2011
Cosmo-SkyMED: X-Band Spatial resolution: 3x3 m
Revisit time: 8 days Archives: 2007 - today
SAR sensors : from the first to the second generation
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
By synthesizing an antenna also in the slant height direction orthogonal to the line of sight it is possible to extend the classical 2D (azimuth-slant range) SAR imaging to 3D (azimuth-slant range-slant height). A radar scanner that can be used to analyze the vertical profile of the scattering (urban area, forest) is therefore implemented.
International awards: •IEEE Gesocience and Remote Sensing Letters Award 2011 •Student Competition prize alla Conferenza IEEE-GRS/ISPRS JURSE 2011, Muenchen, Germania •Student Competition prize alla Conferenza IEEE-GRS/ISPRS JURSE 2013, Sao Paulo, Brasile
SAR Tomography: 3D imaging
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
3D reconstruction of the San Paolo Stadium (Napoli, South Italy): SAR tomography
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
SAR tomography allows also monitoring displacements over the time of the reconstructed 3D point clouds. 4D imaging has been shown to overcome the performances of classical deformation monitoring methods based only on the use of the phase information, not only for what concerns the solution of the layover but also for the detection of scatterers in the absence of layover.
Example of monitoring of deformation of infrastructures with the 4D Imaging technique on COSMO-Skymed data: 30 images acquired between 2010-2011.
Differential SAR Tomography: 4D imaging
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]
Thanks!
AEIT 2015, Napoli – October 16, 2015 [email protected]