Race in Mediterranean AntiquityTemple UniversityClass 25: Oct.
25, 201Rome, city of immigrants, empire of nationsR!me and "taly900
BCE 800 750700650600550500450400350300250200#illan!van Culture900
BCE 800 750700650600550500450400350300250"r!n A$e "taly: %in$uistic
Map900 BCE 800 750700650600550500450400350300250200&truscans900
BCE 800 750700650600550500450400350300250200&truscans900 BCE
800 750700650600550500450400350300250200&truscans900 BCE 800
750700650600550500450400350300250200R!me Traditi!nally '!unded (y
R!mulus in )5 *C& +(ut t,is is a pr!(lematic date-C!ntr!lled (y
&truscans until 510, .,ic, is t,e (irt, !' t,e Repu(lic.900 BCE
800 750700650600550500450400350300250200R!mulus and Remus900 BCE
800 750700650600550500450400350300250200R!meMany /R!man0
instituti!ns seem t! (ear t,e ,allmar1s !' &truscan in2uence !r
!ri$in.%ivy, a R!man ,ist!rian c!eval .it, Au$ustus, tells us t,at
(!t, t,e t!$a and t,e curule c,air .ere &truscan. 900 BCE 800
750700650600550500450400350300250200"taly at t,e (irt, !' t,e
Repu(lic, ca. 500C!nsuls3enate900 BCE 800
750700650600550500450400350300250T,e Rise !' t,e R!man Repu(lic,ca.
400900 BCE 800 750700650600550500450400350300250R!man 3!cial
3tructure:Orders5atrician&questrian5le(eianTri(es !r Gentes
(sin$. gens.)Citi6en vs. n!n7citi6en#ari!us levels !' ri$,ts,
di8erent la.s3lave vs. 'ree900 BCE 800
750700650600550500450400350300250200R!man C!nquest!'"taly,
407219Turning point: R!me sac1ed (y :auls in ;0ar, 2197201900 BCE
800 7507006506005505004504003503002502003ec!nd 5unic >ar,
2197201900 BCE 800 750700650600550500450400350300250200Rise !' t,e
R!man &mpire, 2007100 200 BCE150100501
CE50100150200250300350400450500R!me at t,e end !' t,e Repu(lic, ca.
44200 BCE150100501 CE50100150200250300350400450500*i$ 5icture 'r!m
R!man Repu(lican ,ist!ryR!me !ne !' many "talic spea1in$
pe!plesTraditi!n !' ,eter!$ene!us p!pulati!n&arly :ree1
in2uence ?!minated early (y &truscansAs Repu(lic $r!.s, it
c!mes int! c!ntact .it, :auls in t,e n!rt,, :ree1s in t,e s!ut,,
and Cart,a$inians in t,e .est.%i1e :reece, identity '!r$ed in
e@pandin$ circles, Arst "taly, t,en Mediterranean.Romanitas: Arst
attested in 2nd cent. C&.*i$ 5icture 'r!m R!man Repu(lican
,ist!ry"nternally, many divisi!ns:Orders: 5atrician, equestrian,
ple(eianCiti6ens and n!n7citi6ens +pere$rines-3u(classes !'
n!n7citi6ens3lave and 'reeBreedmenT,ese status di8erences
!verlapped .it, !nes
!':>ealt,%an$ua$e&ducati!n:enderAu$ustus and t,e
Culi!7Claudians, 2) *C& D E9 C&200 BCE150100501
CE50100150200250300350400450500R!me in t,e rei$n !' TraFan, ca.
114200 BCE150100501 CE50100150200250300350400450500R!man
&mpire, 10071;*r!ad peace and pr!sperityR!me and "taly
increasin$ly less imp!rtant, p!.er s,i'tin$ t! pr!vincesTraFan +r.
;9711)- (!rn in 3pain3eptimius 3everus +r. 1;7211- (!rn in
A'ricaArmy increasin$ly d!minated (y pr!vincialsCreati!n !' a truly
Mediterranean7.ide educated culture, d!minated in :ree1Marcus
Aurelius +1E17190- .rites ,is Meditations in :ree1.Underneat, t,ere
is a l!t !' variati!n200 BCE150100501
CE50100150200250300350400450500%an$ua$e !' R!man and
!t,ernessQuiritesromanipopulusSPQR: senatus populusque
Romanioptimatespopularesciisperegrinusgens!atio ("
et#nos)R!manitas200 BCE150100501 CE50100150200250300350400R!man
&mpire: Triump,s50 BCE1 CE50100150200250300350400450500Temple
!' Ap!ll! 3!sianus, R!me 4725 *C&Terrac!tta /Campana0 plaque
.it, a scene !' a triump,al pr!cessi!n +R!man, early 2nd century
A?G *ritis, Museum-Brie6e in %udivisi c!llecti!n in R!meBrie6e in
%udivisi c!llecti!n in R!meBrie6e in %udivisi c!llecti!n in
R!meBrie6e in %udivisi c!llecti!n in R!meTriump,a Arc,, Oran$e,
Au$ustan eraTriump,a Arc,, Oran$e, Au$ustan eraR!man &mpire:
*ar(arians50 BCE1 CE50100150200250300350400450500
