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What Does Race Look Like?Race?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9M6Wfavyg0U&feature=fvwrel
Chapman U Race and Ethnicityhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoVFXfsjupU&feature=related
Susan Boylehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSrAJsWvEIc&feature=related
RACE1. Socially constructed category of people 2. Share biologically transmitted traits3. That members of a society consider
importantTendency to think of race in biological terms but it is a socially constructed concept
FIRST U.S. CENSUS 1790Categories:Free white males over age sixteen Free white males under sixteenFree white femalesAll other free personsSlaves Only two racial categories existed in 1790:
White and Black (Negro)
22nd federal census, in 2000, asked one ethnic and one race/ancestry question:
1. Is the person Spanish/Hispanic/Latino? No, not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto RicanYes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino (write in group)
This census acknowledged that "race categories include both racial and national-origin groups."
2. What is the person's race? White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native (write in tribe), AsianChinese ChamorroIndian SamoansFilipino Other Pacific Islander (write in race)Japanese Other race (write in race)Korean Vietnamese Native HawaiianGuamanian
4/12 ETHNICITYA shared cultural heritagePeople define themselves as members of an ethniccategory with a distinctive identity including:Common ancestorsLanguageReligion
MINORITIESCategory of people distinguished by physicalor cultural differences that a society sets apart and subordinatesBased on:RaceEthnicityGender
MINORITIESThree important characteristics
1. Share a distinct identity2. Experience subordination3. Minorities are defined not by
numbers but by amount of power
Prejudice may target people of:• A particular social class• Sex• Sexual orientation• Age• Political affiliation• Race / Ethnicity
PREJUDICEA rigid and unfair generalization aboutan entire category of people
Prejudices are prejudgments Positive or negativePart of culture Everyone has some prejudices
STEREOTYPESAn exaggerated description applied to everyperson in some categoryExamples?
Especially harmful to minorities in the WorkplaceRacial Stereotypeshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vv0eM-
wDPk&feature=related
50 RACIAL STEREOTYPEShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8VhHPZQmr8
TV stereotypeshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMvfEdTUO6Q&feature=related
MEASURING PREJUDICE: THE SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALE
SOCIAL DISTANCEHow closely people are willing to interact with members of some category
SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALEEmory BogardusPeople felt more social distance from some categories than others
Bogardus Social Distance Scalehttp://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/bogardus02.htm
RACISMBelief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to anotherPowerful and harmful form of prejudiceExisted throughout world historyWidespread throughout the history ofthe U.S.
THEORIES OF PREJUDICE1. SCAPEGOAT THEORYFrustration among people who are disadvantaged
SCAPEGOATPerson or category of people, typically with little power, whom other people unfairly blame for their troubles
Minorities often used as scapegoats
2. AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY THEORY
Extreme prejudice is personality traitIf person has a strong prejudice toward one minority--intolerant of all Minorities
Authoritarian PersonalityRigidly conforms to cultural values
Views moral issues=clear matters of right or wrong
3. CULTURE THEORY
Some prejudice in everyone“Culture of prejudice”
Learn (socialization) to view certain categories of people as “better” or “worse” than others
4. CONFLICT THEORYPrejudice used by powerful people tooppress othersExample: Unemployed people blameimmigrants for taking their jobs
Powerful people are to blameLower wages=more profit
DISCRIMINATION
Unequal treatment of various categories of people
Prejudice refers to attitudes
Discrimination is behavior***
MAJORITY AND MINORITYPATTERNS OF INTERACTION
1. Pluralism
2. Assimilation
3. Segregation
4. Genocide
SEGREGATION
Physical & social separation ofcategories of people
de jure segregation (by law)
de facto segregation (in fact)
GENOCIDESystematic killing of one category of people by anotherCommon throughout historyNative Americans by Europeans Jews by NazisArmenians by Turks
Muslims by Serbs in Bosnia
GENOCIDE IN RWANDA1994 - 800,000 Deaths Beginning on April 6, 1994For the next hundred daysUp to 800,000 Tutsis were killed by Hutu militia Used clubs & machetes
As many as 10,000 killed each day.
GENOCIDE IN RWANDARwanda--Central AfricaTwo main ethnic groups, Hutu & Tutsi Hutus 90% of populationIn the past, the Tutsi was considered the aristocracy of Rwanda
Dominated Hutu peasants for decades
RACE-ETHNICITY IN THE UNITED STATES
Give me your tired, poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathefree,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossedto me:I lift my lamp beside the golden door.
Emma Lazarus (Base of Statue of Liberty)
NATIVE AMERICANSHundreds of societies first settled theWestern Hemisphere
In 15th century--10 million
By 1900--250,000
Centuries of conflict & genocide
WHITE ANGLO-SAXON PROTESTANTS:(WASPS)
English ancestryEnglish dominant language Protestantism dominant religionUse “race” & “ethnicity” to describeeveryone but themselves
AFRICAN AMERICANS400,000 forcibly transported to U.S.
Disease and suicide killed many
Declaration of Independence did notapply to African Americans
THE 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIn 1964 Congress passed Public Law 82-352 (78 Stat. 241).
Provisions forbade discrimination on the basis of sex and race in hiring, promoting, and firing. The word "sex" was added at the last momentBy Representative Howard W. Smith (D-VA) Conservative Southern opponent of federal civil
rightsSuggested adding women rights to kill the bill
INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE--WWII
Targeted an entire group of people
2/3rds of imprisoned were Nisei (U.S. citizens)
US also at war with Germany and Italy• No comparable action taken
HISPANIC AMERICANSNumber of Hispanics in U.S. topped48,348,000 million in 2009
• Largest racial/ethnic minority in U.S.• “Hispanics” distinct populations
http://www.pewhispanic.org/2011/05/26/country-of-origin-profiles/
MEXICAN AMERICANS
• Descendants of people who lived inpart of Mexico annexed by U.S.
• Most are recent immigrants