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Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine Associate Professor, Philosophy and History of Medicine Associate Professor, Philosophy and History of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University

Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

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Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine Associate Professor, Philosophy and History of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University. Is this the Jewish viewpoint?. Objectives. Understand the medical issues that pertain to end of life care. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D.Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D.

Associate Professor, Emergency MedicineAssociate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Associate Professor, Philosophy and History of MedicineAssociate Professor, Philosophy and History of Medicine

Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva UniversityAlbert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University

Page 2: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Is this the Jewish viewpoint?

Page 3: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the medical issues Understand the medical issues that pertain to end of life care.that pertain to end of life care.

Appreciate the medical and Appreciate the medical and cultural milieu in which medical cultural milieu in which medical

decisions are made.decisions are made.

Facilitate psak halakha for end Facilitate psak halakha for end of life issues.of life issues.

Page 4: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

TopicsTopics

DNR/DNIDNR/DNI

General Withholding of CareGeneral Withholding of Care

Coma and PVSComa and PVS

Nutrition and HydrationNutrition and Hydration

Disconnecting a VentilatorDisconnecting a Ventilator

Pain Management at the End of LifePain Management at the End of Life

Active EuthanasiaActive Euthanasia

Page 5: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Do Not ResuscitateDo Not ResuscitateDo Not IntubateDo Not Intubate

Mr. B. Cohen, 66 y.o., is a chronic smoker and was Mr. B. Cohen, 66 y.o., is a chronic smoker and was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. He has completed recently diagnosed with lung cancer. He has completed chemotherapy with no improvement and further chemotherapy with no improvement and further therapy is deemed futile. He now presents to the therapy is deemed futile. He now presents to the hospital with shortness of breath. The hospital staff hospital with shortness of breath. The hospital staff asks the family if they wish to sign a DNR order. asks the family if they wish to sign a DNR order.

The Cohen family calls the rabbi and asks, The Cohen family calls the rabbi and asks,

โ€œโ€œCan we sign a DNR?Can we sign a DNR?โ€โ€

The Rabbi then calls the doctor to discuss the case.The Rabbi then calls the doctor to discuss the case.

Page 6: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Medical and Cultural IssuesMedical and Cultural Issues

Do Not Resuscitate(DNR) Do Not Resuscitate(DNR)

andand

Do Not Intubate(DNI)Do Not Intubate(DNI)

Does DNR mean DNT (Do Not Treat)?Does DNR mean DNT (Do Not Treat)?

Page 7: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

J American Geriatric Society 2002 Dec;50(12):2057-61.J American Geriatric Society 2002 Dec;50(12):2057-61. The effect of do-not-resuscitate orders The effect of do-not-resuscitate orders

on physician decision-making.on physician decision-making.

The effect of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders on physicians' The effect of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders on physicians' decisions to provide life-prolonging treatments other than decisions to provide life-prolonging treatments other than

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for patients near the end of life cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for patients near the end of life was exploredwas exploredโ€ฆโ€ฆ.The presence of a DNR order may affect .The presence of a DNR order may affect

physicians' willingness to order a variety of treatments not related to physicians' willingness to order a variety of treatments not related to CPR. Patients with DNR orders may choose to forgo other life-CPR. Patients with DNR orders may choose to forgo other life-prolonging treatments, but physicians should elicit additional prolonging treatments, but physicians should elicit additional information about patients' treatment goals to inform these information about patients' treatment goals to inform these

decisions.decisions.

Page 8: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Story of Rabbi Yehudah HanasiStory of Rabbi Yehudah Hanasiโ€™โ€™s s DeathDeath

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืงื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ืืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืงื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ื ืกืœื™ืงื ืืžืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืœืื™ื’ืจื, ืืžืจื”: ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™' ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืกืœื™ืงื ืืžืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืœืื™ื’ืจื, ืืžืจื”: ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™' ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ืŸ

ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™' ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืืช ืจื‘ื™, ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™' ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืืช ืจื‘ื™, ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื–ืื™ ื›ืžื” ื–ื™ืžื ื™ ื“ืขื™ื™ืœ ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื–ืื™ ื›ืžื” ื–ื™ืžื ื™ ื“ืขื™ื™ืœ

ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืกื, ื•ื—ืœืฅ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื ื— ืœื”ื• ื•ืงืžืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืกื, ื•ื—ืœืฅ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื ื— ืœื”ื• ื•ืงืžืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืืžืจื”: ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืœื ืืžืจื”: ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื• ืฉืชืงื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžืœืžื™ื‘ืขื™ ืจื—ืžื™, ืฉืงืœื” ื›ื•ื–ื ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื• ืฉืชืงื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžืœืžื™ื‘ืขื™ ืจื—ืžื™, ืฉืงืœื” ื›ื•ื–ื ืฉื“ื™ื™ื

, ืื™ืฉืชื™ืงื• ืžืจื—ืžื™ ื•ื ื— ื ืคืฉื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™., ืื™ืฉืชื™ืงื• ืžืจื—ืžื™ ื•ื ื— ื ืคืฉื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™.]]ืœืืจืขืืœืืจืขื[[ืžืื™ื’ืจื ืžืื™ื’ืจื

Quality of Life- Rabbinic SourcesQuality of Life- Rabbinic Sources

Page 9: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

ืจ"ืŸ ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ืž ืขืžื•ื“ ืืจ"ืŸ ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ืž ืขืžื•ื“ ื

- ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื“ื”"ืง - ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื“ื”"ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืชืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืชืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ

ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื ื•ืฉื )ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื“( ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื–ืื™ ืืžืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ื™ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื )ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื“( ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื–ืื™ ืืžืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ื™ืžื ื™ืŸ

ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืกื ื•ืื ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืงื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืžืจื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืกื ื•ืื ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืงื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืžืจื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืœื™ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืžืฉ"ื” ืงืืžืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืœื™ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืžืฉ"ื” ืงืืžืจ

ื“ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื• ื‘ืชืคืœืชื• ืืคื™' ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืคืœื” ื“ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื• ื‘ืชืคืœืชื• ืืคื™' ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืคืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืขืœืช ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืจื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืขืœืช ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืจื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•

ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืืคื™' ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืœื™ื” ื”ื ืื” ื‘ืžื™ืชื” ืืคื™' ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืืคื™' ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืœื™ื” ื”ื ืื” ื‘ืžื™ืชื” ืืคื™' ืื•ืชื” ..ื–ื•ื˜ืจืชื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื–ื•ื˜ืจืชื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื ื”ื•

Praying for a patientPraying for a patientโ€™โ€™s deaths death

Page 10: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Story of a WomanStory of a Womanโ€™โ€™s Requests Request

ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘ ืจืžื– ืชืชืขืื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘ ืจืžื– ืชืชืขืืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื–ืงื™ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื–ืงื™ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืืช ืœืคื ื™

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืœืคืชื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื–ืงื ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืœืคืชื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื–ืงื ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™ ื•ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืžืช ืœื ืžื“ืื™ ื•ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืžืช ืœื

ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืœื ืžืฉืงื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืœื ืžืฉืงื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื"ืœ ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืืช ืœืžื•ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื"ืœ ื"ืœ ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืืช ืœืžื•ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื"ืœ

ืœืžื•ื“ื” ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ื“ื” ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืฉื›ืžืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื"ืœ ืžื ืขื™ ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืžืฉื›ืžืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื"ืœ ืžื ืขื™ ืขืฆืžืš

ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื—ืœืชื” ื•ืžืชื” ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื—ืœืชื” ื•ืžืชื”

Page 11: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Halakhic IssuesHalakhic Issues

Is it ever permitted to withhold care?Is it ever permitted to withhold care? If yes, what is the halakhic framework for If yes, what is the halakhic framework for

withholding? withholding? How is a gosses defined How is a gosses defined bizman hazeh, bizman hazeh, and does and does

this definition have practical halakhic application?this definition have practical halakhic application? Are the wishes of the patient taken into Are the wishes of the patient taken into

consideration?consideration? Can a family member decide on behalf of a patient Can a family member decide on behalf of a patient

without decision-making capacity?without decision-making capacity?

Page 12: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Halakhic Framework For Halakhic Framework For Withholding Care: GossesWithholding Care: Gosses

ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื. ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ืŸ . ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืกืก, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ื”ื’ื•ืกืก, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•

ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืงืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืงื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืงืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืงื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืจืกื™ืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืกื• ืœื ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืจืกื™ืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืกื• ืœื

ืงืขืจื” ื•ืœื ืžื’ืจื™ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื’ืจื’ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžื™ืขื™ืŸ ืงืขืจื” ื•ืœื ืžื’ืจื™ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื’ืจื’ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžื™ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืžืฆื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉืชืฆื ื ืคืฉื•. ืขืœื™ื• ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืžืฆื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉืชืฆื ื ืคืฉื•.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืžืฅ ืขื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื”"ื– ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžื™ื.ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืžืฅ ืขื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื”"ื– ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžื™ื.ืžื”ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืกืก ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื“, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืžื˜ ื”ื›ืจ ืžื”ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืกืก ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื“, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืžื˜ ื”ื›ืจ ื•ื”ื›ืกืช ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•, ืžื›ื— ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืงืฆืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื–ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื•ื”ื›ืกืช ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•, ืžื›ื— ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืงืฆืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื–ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื–ื™ื–ื ื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘"ื” ืชื—ืช ืจืืฉื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืจื“. ืื‘ืœ ื™ื–ื™ื–ื ื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘"ื” ืชื—ืช ืจืืฉื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืจื“. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืขื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืขื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ืคืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื˜ื‘ ืขืฆื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืœื— ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื•ืืœื• ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื“ื•ืคืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื˜ื‘ ืขืฆื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืœื— ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื•ืืœื• ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ,

ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ืžืฉื, ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ืฉืžืกื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืขืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ืžืฉื, ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ืฉืžืกื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืข

Page 13: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

ื—ื•"ืž ื‘' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื“ื—ื•"ืž ื‘' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”

ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ"ื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื' ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ"ื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื' ืฉืžืชื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืžืชื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ

ืืฃ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื“ื’ื•ืจืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื, ืืฃ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื“ื’ื•ืจืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื, ื“ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื•ืกืก ื‘ื–ื”, ื“ื‘ืœื™ื›ื ื“ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื•ืกืก ื‘ื–ื”, ื“ื‘ืœื™ื›ื

ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื ืœื™ื›ื ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ืชื™ืจื• ืืฃ ืœืกืœืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื ืœื™ื›ื ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ืชื™ืจื• ืืฃ ืœืกืœืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื

ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก. ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื•ืกืก ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก. ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื•ืกืก ..ื‘ื–ื”ื‘ื–ื”

Halakhic Framework For Halakhic Framework For Withholding Care: Intractable PainWithholding Care: Intractable Pain

Page 14: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ

ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื˜ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื˜

ื•ื"ื› ื ืœืžื“ ืžื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืงื™ืคื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื"ื› ื ืœืžื“ ืžื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืงื™ืคื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ื’ื ื›ืฉืฉืจื•ื™ ืœ"ืข ื‘ื—ืœืื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืžืงืงื™ื ื’ื ื›ืฉืฉืจื•ื™ ืœ"ืข ื‘ื—ืœืื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืžืงืงื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืื•ืชื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืืฉืจ

ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืข"ื› ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื’"ื› ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืข"ื› ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื’"ื› ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืข"ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื– ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืข"ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื–

..ืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื›ืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ ืžืืจื™ ื”ืžืชืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื›ืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ ืžืืจื™ ื”ืžืช

Page 15: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Withholding of Specific TreatmentsWithholding of Specific Treatments

AntibioticsAntibiotics Blood transfusionsBlood transfusions โ€œโ€œpressorspressorsโ€โ€- medicines to - medicines to

maintain blood pressuremaintain blood pressure DialysisDialysis

Page 16: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Existing DocumentsExisting Documents

Two current health care decision Two current health care decision documents:documents:

1)1) RCA Living WillRCA Living Will

2)2) Agudah Health Care ProxyAgudah Health Care Proxy

Page 17: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Coma or PVSComa or PVS

Epitaph for Terry SchiavoEpitaph for Terry SchiavoSchiavoSchiavo

Theresa MarieTheresa MarieBorn December 3, 1963Born December 3, 1963

departed this earth, departed this earth, February 25, 1990February 25, 1990

At Peace March 31, 2005At Peace March 31, 2005

Page 18: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Medical IssuesMedical Issues

Does a comatose patient Does a comatose patient experience pain?experience pain?

A comatose patient is not A comatose patient is not brain dead.brain dead.

A comatose patient per se A comatose patient per se does not have a terminal does not have a terminal condition.condition.

Page 19: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Halakhic IssuesHalakhic Issues

Is a comatose patient treated differently in Is a comatose patient treated differently in the eyes of halakha?the eyes of halakha?

Is a comatose patient considered to be Is a comatose patient considered to be suffering from intractable pain such that suffering from intractable pain such that treatments can be withheld?treatments can be withheld?

Is the requirement for food or to treat Is the requirement for food or to treat infections different for the comatose infections different for the comatose patient?patient?

Page 20: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื—ื•"ืž ื‘' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื“ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื—ื•"ืž ื‘' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื“ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืจ"ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืจืคืื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืจืคืื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ

,,ืื“ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ื‘ื“ืขืชื•ืื“ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ื‘ื“ืขืชื•

Page 21: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื™ื•"ื“ ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื“ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื™ื•"ื“ ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื“

ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืืžื™ื ื ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื–ื” ื“ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืืžื™ื ื ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื–ื” ื“ื”ื

ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืขื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืฃ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืขื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืฃ ,,ืฉืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืœื ื•

Page 22: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

RRโ€™โ€™ Elyashiv Elyashiv

Page 23: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Science. 2006 Sep Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1402.8;313(5792):1402.

Page 24: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine
Page 25: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

END OF LIFEEND OF LIFEMom: Son in coma heard everything for 23 yearsMom: Son in coma heard everything for 23 yearsNovember 23, 2009November 23, 2009BRUSSELS โ€“ A mother says her son has emerged from what doctors BRUSSELS โ€“ A mother says her son has emerged from what doctors thought was a vegetative state to say he was fully conscious for 23 thought was a vegetative state to say he was fully conscious for 23 years but could not respond because he was paralyzed.years but could not respond because he was paralyzed.Rom Houben had a car crash in 1983 and doctors thought he had Rom Houben had a car crash in 1983 and doctors thought he had sunk into an apparent coma. Still, his family continued to believe their sunk into an apparent coma. Still, his family continued to believe their son was conscious and had sought further medical advice.son was conscious and had sought further medical advice.Dr. Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse said Houben's mother finally met Belgian Dr. Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse said Houben's mother finally met Belgian expert Steven Laureys, who realized that the medical diagnosis for her expert Steven Laureys, who realized that the medical diagnosis for her son was wrong. Laureys then taught Houben how to communicate son was wrong. Laureys then taught Houben how to communicate through a special keyboard.through a special keyboard.

Page 26: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Nutrition and HydrationNutrition and Hydration

Mr. C Cohen has been suffering from progressive Mr. C Cohen has been suffering from progressive dementia. His PO intake has declined and he is dementia. His PO intake has declined and he is now refusing to eat entirely. He often recognizes now refusing to eat entirely. He often recognizes family. There are good days and bad days. He family. There are good days and bad days. He has no other acute medical conditions. The has no other acute medical conditions. The Cohen family asks the Rabbi:Cohen family asks the Rabbi:

โ€œโ€œDo we have to insert a a feeding tube?Do we have to insert a a feeding tube?โ€โ€

Page 27: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Nasogastric TubeNasogastric Tube

Page 28: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

PEGPEGPercutaneous Endoscopic GastrostomyPercutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy

Page 29: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Halakhic IssuesHalakhic Issues

Is nutrition and hydration considered supportive Is nutrition and hydration considered supportive care or a medical treatment that can be withheld?care or a medical treatment that can be withheld?

Is the method of nutrition relevant?Is the method of nutrition relevant? Is the prognosis of the patient relevant, and if so, Is the prognosis of the patient relevant, and if so,

with what prognosis do we consider withholding with what prognosis do we consider withholding nutrition?nutrition?

Are the wishes of the patient relevant?Are the wishes of the patient relevant?

Page 30: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Disconnecting Life SupportDisconnecting Life Support

โ€œDo I have the patientโ€™s consent to switch off the life support system?โ€

Page 31: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Disconnecting the VentilatorDisconnecting the Ventilator

Mrs. D. Cohen suffers from HTN, DM Mrs. D. Cohen suffers from HTN, DM with class 4 CHF. She is admitted for acute with class 4 CHF. She is admitted for acute CHF exacerbation and is intubated in the CCU. CHF exacerbation and is intubated in the CCU. Multiple attempts at weaning have been Multiple attempts at weaning have been unsuccessful. The Cohen family asks-unsuccessful. The Cohen family asks-

Rabbi, Rabbi, โ€œโ€œCan we disconnect the life Can we disconnect the life support?support?โ€โ€

Page 32: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

VentilatorVentilator

RespiratorRespirator

Life Support Life Support MachineMachine

Page 33: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

The Halakhic ApproachThe Halakhic ApproachHalakhic Guidelines for Physicians in Intensive Care UnitsHalakhic Guidelines for Physicians in Intensive Care Units**

Avraham Steinberg, M.D. Avraham Steinberg, M.D.

From ASSIA - Vol IV, No 1 February 2001 From ASSIA - Vol IV, No 1 February 2001 It is forbidden to do anything that will lead to the patient's immediate death; even It is forbidden to do anything that will lead to the patient's immediate death; even

if there is only a suspicion that the action will lead to his death, it is forbidden. if there is only a suspicion that the action will lead to his death, it is forbidden.

It is therefore forbidden to disconnect the patient from a respirator if the It is therefore forbidden to disconnect the patient from a respirator if the physicians believe that there is a possibility that his breathing ability is entirely physicians believe that there is a possibility that his breathing ability is entirely dependent on the machine, and it is forbidden to abruptly withhold medications dependent on the machine, and it is forbidden to abruptly withhold medications such as dopamine, which regulates blood pressure, if the physicians believe that such as dopamine, which regulates blood pressure, if the physicians believe that doing so will cause the patient's blood pressure to suddenly drop and, therefore, doing so will cause the patient's blood pressure to suddenly drop and, therefore, result in his immediate death. result in his immediate death.

One may alter or cease treatments when the physicians do not believe that doing One may alter or cease treatments when the physicians do not believe that doing so will cause the patient to immediately die - even though, as a result, he will die so will cause the patient to immediately die - even though, as a result, he will die from his illness or injury within a number of hours - provided that the physicians from his illness or injury within a number of hours - provided that the physicians believe that the patient is suffering, the changes in treatment are gradual and believe that the patient is suffering, the changes in treatment are gradual and controlled, and the patient is monitored following the changes. controlled, and the patient is monitored following the changes.

Page 34: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

(CONT)(CONT)

It is therefore permitted to lower the rate of the artificial respirator It is therefore permitted to lower the rate of the artificial respirator to the point where the patient is still breathing; to lower the to the point where the patient is still breathing; to lower the respirator's oxygen concentration to the level of regular air normally respirator's oxygen concentration to the level of regular air normally breathed; to gradually lower dopamine dosage if no significant breathed; to gradually lower dopamine dosage if no significant change is expected in the patient's blood pressure - and even if a change is expected in the patient's blood pressure - and even if a change is seen in his blood pressure, as long as it will not lead to his change is seen in his blood pressure, as long as it will not lead to his immediate death; to cease total parenteral infusion and to feed him immediate death; to cease total parenteral infusion and to feed him orally through a feeding tube or even to feed him sugar and water orally through a feeding tube or even to feed him sugar and water solution intravenously; to discontinue medications given to prevent solution intravenously; to discontinue medications given to prevent blood clots and hemorrhages, such as heparin and H2 blockers; and blood clots and hemorrhages, such as heparin and H2 blockers; and to discontinue insulin given to lower high blood sugar levels. to discontinue insulin given to lower high blood sugar levels. All All this is on strict condition that the patient is terminal and this is on strict condition that the patient is terminal and suffering greatly. suffering greatly.

Page 35: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

BMJ  2005;330:415-417 (19 February)BMJ  2005;330:415-417 (19 February)

TTimers on ventilatorsimers on ventilators Vardit RavitskyVardit Ravitsky, , bioethics fellowbioethics fellow11

Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USABethesda, MD, USA

By converting "commissions into omissions," timers are meantBy converting "commissions into omissions," timers are meant to to enable healthcare providers to overcome a procedural obstacleenable healthcare providers to overcome a procedural obstacle to to achieve an ethically justified outcome. Moreover, they mayachieve an ethically justified outcome. Moreover, they may allow allow them to overcome a possible emotional difficulty of terminatingthem to overcome a possible emotional difficulty of terminating

life supporting treatment. They also enable people with diverselife supporting treatment. They also enable people with diverse

attitudes and values to reach a suitable pragmatic consensus.attitudes and values to reach a suitable pragmatic consensus.

Timers should therefore be perceived as an appropriate way ofTimers should therefore be perceived as an appropriate way of

bridging the gap between the ethically justified outcomes ofbridging the gap between the ethically justified outcomes of respect respect for individual autonomy, avoidance of prolonged suffering,for individual autonomy, avoidance of prolonged suffering, and and death with dignity, on the one hand, and communitarian culturaldeath with dignity, on the one hand, and communitarian cultural

values on the othervalues on the other..

Page 36: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Pain ManagementPain ManagementDoctrine of the Double EffectDoctrine of the Double Effect

Mr. B. CohenMr. B. Cohenโ€™โ€™s condition deteriorates and he s condition deteriorates and he complains of increasing chest pain and shortness of complains of increasing chest pain and shortness of breath. The doctors and family are aware that the end is breath. The doctors and family are aware that the end is near. The doctors suggest morphine to treat the pain, near. The doctors suggest morphine to treat the pain, but the family is hesitant that it might cause his death but the family is hesitant that it might cause his death and that it might be addictive. They ask the Rabbi: and that it might be addictive. They ask the Rabbi: Can we administer morphine even though it may lead to Can we administer morphine even though it may lead to Mr. CohenMr. Cohenโ€™โ€™s death?s death?

Page 37: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

The Halakhic The Halakhic ApproachApproach

Administration of morphine is permitted Administration of morphine is permitted under the following guidelines:under the following guidelines:โ€ขThe intent is purely to alleviate suffering The intent is purely to alleviate suffering and not to terminate life.and not to terminate life.The dose of medicine is gradually The dose of medicine is gradually increased as necessary to alleviate the increased as necessary to alleviate the pain. pain. Administering known lethal or toxic doses Administering known lethal or toxic doses is prohibited, even if the stated intent is to is prohibited, even if the stated intent is to alleviate suffering.alleviate suffering.

Page 38: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Active EuthanasiaActive Euthanasia

Mrs. A Cohen with metastatic Mrs. A Cohen with metastatic pancreatic cancer is now dying and aware of pancreatic cancer is now dying and aware of her condition. She is a woman of great dignity her condition. She is a woman of great dignity and cannot bear living any longer in this and cannot bear living any longer in this state. She requests that the doctor do state. She requests that the doctor do something to let her go peacefully something to let her go peacefully โ€œโ€œlike Dr like Dr Kevorkian did.Kevorkian did.โ€โ€

What would the Rabbi say?What would the Rabbi say?

Page 39: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

โ€œโ€œIt was assisted suicide, but he was to pigheaded to ask for it.It was assisted suicide, but he was to pigheaded to ask for it.โ€โ€

Page 40: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

The Halakhic ApproachThe Halakhic Approach

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ ื•ืืš ืืช ื“ืžื›ื ืœื ืคืฉืชื™ื›ื ืื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื” ื•ืืš ืืช ื“ืžื›ื ืœื ืคืฉืชื™ื›ื ืื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื” ))ื”ื”

ืื“ืจืฉื ื• ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ืžื™ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื™ื• ืื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉ ืื“ืจืฉื ื• ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ืžื™ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื™ื• ืื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื:ื”ืื“ื:

Genesis Chapter 9Genesis Chapter 9And surely your blood of your lives will I And surely your blood of your lives will I

require at the hands or every beast will I require at the hands or every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every manof every manโ€™โ€™s brother will I require the life of s brother will I require the life of manman

Page 41: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

RRโ€™โ€™ Mecklenberg Mecklenberg Haktav VHaktav Vโ€™โ€™hakaballahhakaballah

Page 42: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

The EndThe End

Suggestions and comments welcome

[email protected]

Page 43: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine
Page 44: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Story of Rabbi Chanina ben TeradiyonStory of Rabbi Chanina ben Teradiyonืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื— ืขืžื•ื“ ืืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื— ืขืžื•ื“ ื

ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชืŸ ืžืฆืื•ื”ื• ืœืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ืชืจื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชืŸ ืžืฆืื•ื”ื• ืœืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืŸ ืชืจื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืงื”ื™ืœ ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืก"ืช ืžื•ื ื— ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืงื•. ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืงื”ื™ืœ ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืก"ืช ืžื•ื ื— ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืงื•. ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื•

ื•ื›ืจื›ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืก"ืช, ื•ื”ืงื™ืคื•ื”ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืจื›ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืก"ืช, ื•ื”ืงื™ืคื•ื”ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืกืคื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžืจ ื•ืฉืจืื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืกืคื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžืจ ื•ืฉืจืื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื

ืชืฆื ื ืฉืžืชื• ืžื”ืจื”. ืืžืจื” ืœื• ื‘ืชื•: ืื‘ื, ืืจืืš ื‘ื›ืš? ืืžืจ ืชืฆื ื ืฉืžืชื• ืžื”ืจื”. ืืžืจื” ืœื• ื‘ืชื•: ืื‘ื, ืืจืืš ื‘ื›ืš? ืืžืจ ืœื”: ืื™ืœืžืœื™ ืื ื™ ื ืฉืจืคืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ืœื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืœื”: ืื™ืœืžืœื™ ืื ื™ ื ืฉืจืคืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ืœื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืื ื™

ื ืฉืจืฃ ื•ืก"ืช ืขืžื™, ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืก"ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื ืฉืจืฃ ื•ืก"ืช ืขืžื™, ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืก"ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื™. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื™, ืžื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืื”? ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื™. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื™, ืžื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืื”? ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืจืคื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื—ื•ืช. ืืฃ ืืชื” ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ื•ืชื›ื ืก ]ื‘ืš[ ื”ืืฉ! ื ืฉืจืคื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื—ื•ืช. ืืฃ ืืชื” ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ื•ืชื›ื ืก ]ื‘ืš[ ื”ืืฉ!

..ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื˜ืœื ื” ืžื™ ืฉื ืชื ื” ื•ืืœ ื™ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ: ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื˜ืœื ื” ืžื™ ืฉื ืชื ื” ื•ืืœ ื™ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•

Page 45: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื—ื•"ืž ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื’ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื—ื•"ืž ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื’ . .ื. ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืื. ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื

ื”ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื”ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืฃ ืง"ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืฃ ืง"ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™

ื“ื‘ืขื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืจื—ืžื™ ื•ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ืชืคืœืชื ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ื•ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ืืžืชื™ื” ื“ื‘ืขื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืจื—ืžื™ ื•ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ืชืคืœืชื ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ื•ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ืืžืชื™ื” ื•ื ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื•ื ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืงืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื ืืžืจื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื .., ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืงืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื ืืžืจื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืคื• ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ..,

ื”ื’ืž' ืœืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืื™ื›ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืž' ืœืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืื™ื›ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ืœืจืคืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ืœื ื ืชืงื‘ืœื•, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ืœืจืคืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ืœื ื ืชืงื‘ืœื•, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ

, ... ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืฃ ืž' ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ื’ืž' ื”ื ื“ืจ' ื“ื™ืžื™ , ... ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืฃ ืž' ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ื’ืž' ื”ื ื“ืจ' ื“ื™ืžื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืชืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืชื“ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืจ ื—ื•ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ื“ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืจ ื—ื•ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช,

ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”"ืง ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”"ืง ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื"ื ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื™ื”, ..., ื”ืจื™ ื“ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ื ื“ื”ืชืคืœืœื” ืืžืชื™ื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื"ื ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื™ื”, ..., ื”ืจื™ ื“ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ื ื“ื”ืชืคืœืœื” ืืžืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ืฆืขืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชืคืœื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืจืคืื•ืชื• ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ืฆืขืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชืคืœื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืจืคืื•ืชื•

ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืฉื™ ื›ื”"ื’ ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืฉื™ ื›ื”"ื’ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืœื”ืงืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ืืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื•..., ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืœื”ืงืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื• ืืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื•..., ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื"ื ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจืคืื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื"ื ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจืคืื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืกืžื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืกืžื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื

, ื›ื™ ืœื™ืชืŸ , ื›ื™ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืขืชื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ืืœื ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืื ืžืฆื ืขืชื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ืืœื ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืืœื”ื ืกืžื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขื™"ื– ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืงืฆืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจื’ืข ืœื”ื ืกืžื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขื™"ื– ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืงืฆืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจื’ืข

ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื›ื ืกืžื™ ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื›ื ืกืžื™ ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”,ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”,ื›ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืกืกื›ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืกืกืžืจืคื ืฉื™ืงื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืงืฆืจื• ืืฃ ืจื’ืข ืžื—ื™ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืจืคื ืฉื™ืงื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืงืฆืจื• ืืฃ ืจื’ืข ืžื—ื™ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ..

Page 46: Rabbi Edward Reichman, M.D. Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine

Reversing the ComaReversing the Coma

Reborn Reborn The GuardianThe Guardian Tuesday September 12, 2006 Tuesday September 12, 2006 Helen PiddHelen PiddWe have always been told there is no recovery from We have always been told there is no recovery from persistent vegetative state - doctors can only make a persistent vegetative state - doctors can only make a sufferer's last days as painless as possible. But is that sufferer's last days as painless as possible. But is that really the truth? Across three continents, severely brain-really the truth? Across three continents, severely brain-damaged patients are awake and talking after taking ... a damaged patients are awake and talking after taking ... a sleeping pill. And no one is more baffled than the GP who sleeping pill. And no one is more baffled than the GP who made the breakthrough. Steve Boggan witnesses these made the breakthrough. Steve Boggan witnesses these 'strange and wonderful' rebirths.'strange and wonderful' rebirths.