R. Ward, E. Cebert , K. Ward and S. Kumar

Insect Pests of Winter Canola with Emphasis on Cabbage Seedpod Weevil and Pod Damage Assessment R. Ward, E. Cebert , K. Ward and S. KumarDepartment of Plant and Soil Science, Alabama A&M University Normal, AL 35762ABSTRACT

The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most dominant and destructive insect pest on winter canola (Brassica napus) in north Alabama. Secondary pests that also warrant monitoring include diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), tarnished plant bugs (Lygus lineolaris), false chinch bug (Nysius sp.), thrips (Frankliniella sp.), aphid complex, flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) and root maggot (Delia sp.). Aphids have been reported to severely damage canola in other areas in the southeast; however, they have not presented any major problem in our evaluation plots. Cultivars evaluated in this study were Jetton, Celsius, Explorer and Banjo which were selected for their superior agronomic qualities. Each cultivar was planted following standard planting practices in 100 x 50 m2 plots with four replications arranged in randomized complete block design. Insects were sampled weekly by making 30 sweeps across each canola plot at flowering period. Changes in population levels of cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW), diamondback moth (DBM), tarnished plant bugs (TPB) and clover stem borer (CSB) were determined. Results showed significant variation in CSPW, TPB and DBM counts over time. DBM population followed a steady decline throughout the reproductive stage of the plant. CSB infestation was insignificant on all cultivars. Assessment of damage caused by cabbage seedpod weevil was done on pods removed from the primary raceme from 36 plants (4 cultivars). Pods were examined for exit holes and other signs of larval feeding or presence of larvae. Corresponding yield losses from pod damage were reported.

RESULTS

As in previous years, cabbage seedpod weevil remained the most dominant and most destructive insect pest on canola in north Alabama during 2004-05 cropping season.

Infestation by CSPW did not differ significantly among cultivars (Banjo, Explorer, Celsius and Jetton) but significantly over time.

CSPW populations peaked in the second to third week in April and first week in June; similar observations were recorded in 2002 (Fig. 6).

Considerably high infestation of diamondback moth and tarnished plant bug was observed in 2005; notably, DBM and TPB were not listed among those collected in 2002 (Fig. 5).

Banjo sustained lowest infestation by DBM (Fig. 8). Highest mean DBM was observed on Celsius. DBM peaked during the first two weeks in May but followed a continuous decline thereafter; it was not detected first week in June.

Relatively high numbers of TPB were detected in mid-May when plants were at 100% pod stage. TPB population continued to increase until pods were ready for harvest. TPB is a serious pest of cotton; canola, therefore, could serve as a reservoir for TPB in the spring time prior to its migration into adjacent cotton fields.

Damage by cabbage seedpod weevil on canola could be more potentially severe due to direct feeding on seeds. However, feeding damage also predisposes pods to early shattering, resulting in higher seed losses. Also feeding damage facilitates disease infection; exit holes are entry points for disease organisms to penetrate plant tissues. Additionally, water seepage into the pods through exit holes induce premature seed germination (vivipary).

Feeding damage by CSPW was measured by the presence of exit holes and other feeding signs on canola pods. Mean number of pods that had 1and 2 exit holes varied significantly among cultivars (Cebert et al. 2004); no significant difference was detected for those with 3 exit holes. The number of exit holes is useful in measuring degree of host plant resistance to CSPW in canola (Dosdall and Kott 2006).

Forty five percent of sample pods had exit holes produced by CSPW; 38.6 %, 5.6% and 1.1% of pods had only one, 2 and 3 exit holes, respectively.

Based on the average seed losses calculated from pods sustaining 1-, 2- and 3-exit holes (40, 91 and 99 % seed weight reduction, respectively) (Cebert et al. 2004), estimated average losses were 16.0, 5.1 and 1.0 %, respectively, or an average of 22.1% total yield reduction.

INTRODUCTIONWinter canola has been commercially grown in northern Alabama for a brief period nearly two decades ago when the seed crushing plant was in operation in Chatanooga, TN. For lack of market after the crusher closed down, farmers abandoned the crop. With growing concern for dissipating fossil fuels, interest in canola, not only as a source of edible oil but also as a renewable product for biodiesel production, has reached a new peak. Canola is a valuable source of edible oil that is often compared to olive oil in healthful quality, but it can also compete well with soybean oil as feedstock for biodiesel. Canola is not grown in large acreages anywhere in the southeastern U.S. at this time but with the growing demand for renewable resources, demand for canola is on the rise. A number of promising canola cultivars have been identified as suitable for growing in north Alabama. Our evaluation included four cultivars selected for superior agronomic characteristics. There are several insect pests associated with winter canola in north Alabama, e.g., cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW) (Figs.1), false chinch bug, diamondback moth (DBM) (Fig.11), flea beetles, tarnished plant bug (TPB) (Fig. 12), cabbage maggots, thrips, aphids, etc.). These The cabbage seed pod weevil (CSWP), Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsham (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most dominant and the most destructive pest on canola in the area. Adult weevils lay eggs on flower buds, young pods, flowers and shoots of canola. Upon hatching, the larvae (Fig. 4) find their way into the pods, feed on the young seeds and leave the pods through exit holes when grubs are ready to pupate. Exit holes are easily recognizable on damaged pods (Fig. 2). The severity of feeding damage on seeds and exit holes on canola pods by CSPW could be exacerbated by moisture seepage through the exit holes causing the seeds to prematurely germinate, a phenomenon called vivipary (Fig. 3); this results in increased seed losses. Infestation levels by other pest species were generally insignificant except for their occasional resurgence. Based on their relative abundance last season, secondary pests that may warrant monitoring include diamondback moth and tarnished plant bugs. This presentation reports on CSPW, DBM and TPB infestation levels during 2004-05 cropping season. MATERIALS AND METHODS

General ProcedureExperimental plots were established at Alabama A&M Universitys Winfred Thomas Agricultural Research Station located in Meridianville, AL in 2004-05 cropping season. Four winter canola cultivars (Banjo, Celsius, Explorer and Jetton) were planted in 100 x 50 m plots with 4 replications in randomized complete block experimental design. Conventional methods of field preparation were followed. Preplant herbicide (Treflan) was incorporated in the soil at the rate of 4.7 l/ha (2 qts/acre). Seeding was done with 18 -cm row spacing at 1.11kg/ ha (6 lbs/acre) seeding rate. Split applications of 13-13-13 NPK were made; 54 kg/ha was applied in the fall (6 weeks after planting) and 112 kg/ha in the spring. The crop was rain-fed and combine harvested at the end of the season.

Insect SamplingCollection of insects was done on canola at full bloom. Insects collected from thirty sweeps per plot using a standard size net comprised a sample. Gathered insects were placed into plastic bags and placed in a freezer overnight before insect count and identification were done. Canola pods sampled from 36 plants from 4 cultivars were examined for CSPW damage ( presence and number of exit holes). Only pods from the primary panicle per plant were examined. Table 1. Canola pods damaged by CSPW Fig. 12. Tarnished plant bugwww.uky.edu Fig. 11. Diamondback moth larvaFig. 5. Relative infestation levels (2002)Fig. 6. CSPW sweep counts (2002)Fig. 7. CSPW sweep count (2005)Fig. 8. DBM sweep count (2005)Fig. 9. TPB sweep count (2005)Fig. 10. CSPW, DBM and TPB on different cultivars (2005)LITERATURE CITEDDosdall, L. M. and L. S. Kott. 2006. Introgression of resistance to cabbage seedpod weevils to canola from yellow mustard. Crop Sci. 46 (2437-2445).Cebert, E., R. Ward and K. Ward. 2004. Canola yield deficit from pods damaged by cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham). Paper presentation. Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT.

Rep(3 plants per rep)NumberPodsNo. Exit HolesNo. Damaged Pods% DamagedPods1231121342386553.7212831726450310846805648.1418184609049.7517230003017.4613932702627.47143541907351814558256544.8913162006247,310193956010147.71115975307849.61212874007457.8Total17486751022078444.8Damaged Pods (%)

%Yield loss38.6

16.05.6

5.11.1

1.0

22.1

Chart1

50

31.3

8.2

4.9

0.9

0.4

0.8

Sheet1

CSPW50

Chinch Bug31.3

Flea beetle8.2

Thrips4.9

Corn Maggot0.9

Aphids0.4

Others0.8

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Chart1

1101010

105104114119

8713911276

29723444

21993

16531327

261724105

58503977

157190131118

Jetton

Celcius

Explorer

Banjo

Sampling Date

No. CSPW

CSPW SWEEP COUNT

Sheet1

JettonCelciusExplorerBanjo

8-AprJetton1April-81101010

8-AprCelsius10April-15105104114119

8-AprExplorer10April-228713911276

8-AprBanjo10April-2929723444

15-AprJetton105May-921993

15-AprCelsius104May-1416531327

15-AprExplorer114May-22261724105

15-AprBanjo119May-2958503977

22-AprJetton87June-5157190131118

22-AprCelsius139

22-AprExplorer112

22-AprBanjo76

29-AprJetton29

29-AprCelsius72

29-AprExplorer34

29-AprBanjo44

9-MayJetton2

9-MayCelsius19

9-MayExplorer9

9-MayBanjo3

14-MayJetton16

14-MayCelsius53

14-MayExplorer13

14-MayBanjo27

22-MayJetton26

22-MayCelsius17

22-MayExplorer24

22-MayBanjo105

29-MayJetton58

29-MayCelsius50

29-MayExplorer39

29-MayBanjo77

5-JunJetton157

5-JunCelsius190

5-JunExplorer131

5-JunBanjo118

Sheet2

Sheet3

Chart1

1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50

139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530

97.25644013.752.588.2510

112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750

4/25/05

5/2/05

5/9/05

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

CSPW

Sheet1

Sweep ofCultivarReps4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610

211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5

30682151140

4724112721100

2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512

272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543

3207523732160

438800109753

3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304

213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541

313838327000

4313727143400

4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517

2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75

31224571121190

4105483774420

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

34.549.7512.254616.7500

12565.519.7552.75330.50

81.75102.522.7544.25170.250

5866.524.253625.7500

Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

12.512.547.2547.25

16.516.59595

131350.2550.25

13.7513.7565.565.5

Sheet2

DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05

1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700

22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500

30682065170

436331329390

2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222

2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5

321652385250

48218034530

3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801

26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25

397382727210

4144311183171

4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300

20581866.51724.2524363725.7500

389483560230

462993147430

Sheet3

LygusCultivarRep5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

1(Banjo)155022725818923112

21012.52318047.25028

311145439

424137750

2(Celsius)19662866139380160317

21216.51716.5150958379.25

313176123

432143051

3(Explorer)110522484020122119

21413402115050.256529.75

3105132

4272000

4(Jetton)10552681026282140

22413.751220.2514965.55235

3202400

41119113126

BIONOmics Plot Yield June 9, 2006 Harvest; One passage of 6 rows? wide and 100 ft long

Plot #CultivarYield in Kg% Area Cover

12.14

23.44

35.4

46.405

55.54

66.21

76.35

87.15

94.49

102.11

111.32

123.07

139.69

145.955

154.41

168.715

Sheet4

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000

Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500

Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500

Jetton5866.524.253625.75000

Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25

Celsius000016.516.59595

Explorer0000131350.2550.25

Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5

CSPWCSPWCSPWCSPWDBMDBMDBMDBMLygusLygusLygusLygus

BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton

4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000

5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000

5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000

5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000

5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5

6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5


4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000

5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000

5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000

5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000

5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5

6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5

Sheet4

CSPW Banjo

CSPW Celsius

CSPW Explorer

CSPW Jetton

DBM Banjo

DBM Celsius

DBM Explorer

DBM Jetton

Lygus Banjo

Lygus Celsius

Lygus Explorer

Lygus Jetton

4/25/05

5/2/05

5/9/05

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

CSPW

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Diamondback Moth

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Lygus Bug

Chart2

34.549.7512.254616.75000

12565.519.7552.75330.500

81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500

5866.524.253625.75000

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Diamondback Moth

Sheet1


CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610

211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5

30682151140

4724112721100

2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512

272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543

3207523732160

438800109753

3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304

213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541

313838327000

4313727143400

4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517

2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75

31224571121190

4105483774420

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

34.549.7512.254616.7500

12565.519.7552.75330.50

81.75102.522.7544.25170.250

5866.524.253625.7500

Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

12.512.547.2547.25

16.516.59595

131350.2550.25

13.7513.7565.565.5

Sheet2

DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05

1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700

22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500

30682065170

436331329390

2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222

2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5

321652385250

48218034530

3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801

26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25

397382727210

4144311183171

4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300

20581866.51724.2524363725.7500

389483560230

462993147430

Sheet3


1(Banjo)155022725818923112

21012.52318047.25028

311145439

424137750

2(Celsius)19662866139380160317

21216.51716.5150958379.25

313176123

432143051

3(Explorer)110522484020122119

21413402115050.256529.75

3105132

4272000

4(Jetton)10552681026282140

22413.751220.2514965.55235

3202400

41119113126



12.14

23.44

35.4

46.405

55.54

66.21

76.35

87.15

94.49

102.11

111.32

123.07

139.69

145.955

154.41

168.715

Sheet4

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000

Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500

Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500

Jetton5866.524.253625.75000

Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25

Celsius000016.516.59595

Explorer0000131350.2550.25

Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5



4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000

5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000

5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000

5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000

5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5

6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5


4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000

5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000

5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000

5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000

5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5

6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5

Sheet4

000000000000

000000000000

000000000000

000000000000

000000000000

000000000000

000000000000

000000000000

CSPW Banjo

CSPW Celsius

CSPW Explorer

CSPW Jetton

DBM Banjo

DBM Celsius

DBM Explorer

DBM Jetton

Lygus Banjo

Lygus Celsius

Lygus Explorer

Lygus Jetton

00000000

00000000

00000000

00000000

4/25/05

5/2/05

5/9/05

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

CSPW

00000000

00000000

00000000

00000000

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Diamondback Moth

00000000

00000000

00000000

00000000

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Lygus Bug

Chart4

000012.512.547.2547.25

000016.516.59595

0000131350.2550.25

000013.7513.7565.565.5

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Tarnished Plant Bug

Sheet1


CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610

211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5

30682151140

4724112721100

2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512

272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543

3207523732160

438800109753

3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304

213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541

313838327000

4313727143400

4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517

2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75

31224571121190

4105483774420

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

34.549.7512.254616.7500

12565.519.7552.75330.50

81.75102.522.7544.25170.250

5866.524.253625.7500

Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

12.512.547.2547.25

16.516.59595

131350.2550.25

13.7513.7565.565.5

Sheet2

DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05

1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700

22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500

30682065170

436331329390

2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222

2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5

321652385250

48218034530

3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801

26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25

397382727210

4144311183171

4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300

20581866.51724.2524363725.7500

389483560230

462993147430

Sheet3


1(Banjo)155022725818923112

21012.52318047.25028

311145439

424137750

2(Celsius)19662866139380160317

21216.51716.5150958379.25

313176123

432143051

3(Explorer)110522484020122119

21413402115050.256529.75

3105132

4272000

4(Jetton)10552681026282140

22413.751220.2514965.55235

3202400

41119113126



12.14

23.44

35.4

46.405

55.54

66.21

76.35

87.15

94.49

102.11

111.32

123.07

139.69

145.955

154.41

168.715

Sheet4

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000

Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500

Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500

Jetton5866.524.253625.75000

Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25

Celsius000016.516.59595

Explorer0000131350.2550.25

Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5



4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000

5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000

5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000

5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000

5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5

6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5


4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000

5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000

5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000

5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000

5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5

6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5

Sheet4

CSPW Banjo

CSPW Celsius

CSPW Explorer

CSPW Jetton

DBM Banjo

DBM Celsius

DBM Explorer

DBM Jetton

Lygus Banjo

Lygus Celsius

Lygus Explorer

Lygus Jetton

4/25/05

5/2/05

5/9/05

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

CSPW

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Diamondback Moth

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Lygus Bug

Chart1

114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000

5661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000

20.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000

12.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000

4.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75

148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75

2.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5

0000000047.259550.2565.5

CSPW Banjo

CSPW Celsius

CSPW Explorer

CSPW Jetton

DBM Banjo

DBM Celsius

DBM Explorer

DBM Jetton

Lygus Banjo

Lygus Celsius

Lygus Explorer

Lygus Jetton

Date of Sampling

Mean Insect Count

Temporal Fluctuations

Sheet1


CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610

211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5

30682151140

4724112721100

2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512

272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543

3207523732160

438800109753

3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304

213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541

313838327000

4313727143400

4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517

2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75

31224571121190

4105483774420

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05

34.549.7512.254616.7500

12565.519.7552.75330.50

81.75102.522.7544.25170.250

5866.524.253625.7500

Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

12.512.547.2547.25

16.516.59595

131350.2550.25

13.7513.7565.565.5

Sheet2

DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05

1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700

22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500

30682065170

436331329390

2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222

2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5

321652385250

48218034530

3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801

26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25

397382727210

4144311183171

4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300

20581866.51724.2524363725.7500

389483560230

462993147430

Sheet3


1(Banjo)155022725818923112

21012.52318047.25028

311145439

424137750

2(Celsius)19662866139380160317

21216.51716.5150958379.25

313176123

432143051

3(Explorer)110522484020122119

21413402115050.256529.75

3105132

4272000

4(Jetton)10552681026282140

22413.751220.2514965.55235

3202400

41119113126



12.14

23.44

35.4

46.405

55.54

66.21

76.35

87.15

94.49

102.11

111.32

123.07

139.69

145.955

154.41

168.715

Sheet4

4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50

Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530

Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510

Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750

DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000

Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500

Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500

Jetton5866.524.253625.75000

Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05

Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25

Celsius000016.516.59595

Explorer0000131350.2550.25

Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5



4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000

5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000

5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000

5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000

5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5

6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5


4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000

5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000

5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000

5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000

5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75

6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75

6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5

6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5

Sheet4

CSPW Banjo

CSPW Celsius

CSPW Explorer

CSPW Jetton

DBM Banjo

DBM Celsius

DBM Explorer

DBM Jetton

Lygus Banjo

Lygus Celsius

Lygus Explorer

Lygus Jetton

Date of Sampling

Mean Insect Count

Temporal Fluctuations

4/25/05

5/2/05

5/9/05

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

CSPW

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Diamondback Moth

4/25/06

5/2/05

5/9/02

5/16/05

5/23/05

6/6/05

6/13/05

6/20/05

Cultivars

Mean Count

Lygus Bug

Documents

R. Ward, E. Cebert , K. Ward and S. Kumar