QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF

“Morphology of the words”Lesson 3

Lessons from the bookMABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –basics of Arabic Grammar

RASHEED SHARTOONI

10-12 Derivable / Non DerivableNouns are categorized into two categories:1. Concrete (JAMID جامد) which is a not derived from any other word (it is

the origin) , and is divided in to two types:a. Noun of Self (Zaat-genus) ذات it is not derived from a verb cannot

be derived from it• Rajolonرجل - Man• Naharنهر - River

b. Abstract noun or an Infinitive (Masdar) مصدر, it is an action but without time (derived from a verb-a noun without time) , it can be divided into:

– Three Lettered– Four Lettered – Five and Six Lettered 2.Derived –These are derived words from other word such as from the

Abstract Concrete or MASDAR, and this could be SIFAH (described one)موصوف or MAWSOOF (description)صفة

MOHAMMAD ALHAAMID = MOHAMMAD the praiser (one who praises)

Is Derived from the MADSAR HAMDAN (a praise), HAMADA (past tense –he praised) HAMDAN (MASDAR-a praise) , that

means He praised a praise

10-12 Derivable / Non Derivable• The derived noun can be dualed or pluralized , minimized or suffixed

with relative YAA.• , , , مدنّي� , مدينة مدن مدينتان مدينة• City (MADENA), two cities (MADEENATAAN), cities (MODON), small

city (MODAYNA), the one from the city (MADANYE)

10-12 Non Derivableare divide into the following six types:

أمثلة غير متصرف

who من  اسم االستفهام interrogative noun

اسم الشرط what ever مهماConditional noun

pronoun الضمائر ... الخ .هو ، أنت ، هي ، هن

شاركا في للذان سافرت مريم/ ، واالتيَح9 ب9ر9 .م9ن@السباق أخوان ، ون9َج9 َص9

األسماء الموَصولةRelative noun

.، بضاعةهذه ُظ/ل@مI .هذا

أسماء اإلشارةDemonstrative noun

بين الظرف

12-Masdar / Derivable NounsAbstract Infinitive (Masdar) or Derivable– They are the infinitive

of the word. They are called abstract because they are defined as the basic form of the verb without tense.1. A noun without time. It is the root of the verb. 2. Adal (justice) َع%دٌل#Example of Derived from Infinitive QIYAAM (the standing):

Qaama -stoodقام , Yaqoom –standing يقوم, Qom -stand up (All Derivable for Standing) قم

12-Types of Masdar

Type of Masdar with respect to the verb derived from it

1.Tri-Lettered Verb2.Four Letter3.Five and Six Letter Verb

Types of MasdarTri-Lettered Verb - There are 5 Forms that are most

known1. Profession -Fe Aa Lahِف-عالة - SINAA’AH – Industry,

TIJAARAH business, ZIRAAH agriculture 2. Disturbance-Fa Alaanِف%ع%الن - GHALYAAN – Boiling 3. Color-FuAlahِف0علة - KHODHRAH / HUMRAH4. Disease or Sound -FuAalِف0عاٌل BUKAA’A (Cry)

ZUKAAM (Common Cold)5. Resistance to an action-FeAaLon -ِف%عاٌل E’ETABOON

(Blame), E’QAAB (punishment)

Types of Masdar

Tri-Lettered Verb – Other forms1. Fa’lunِفعل Sam’Aun سمع(hearing)2. Dharbun ضرب(A Hit)3. Mun’aun منع(Prohibition)