Quran i c Arabic Patterns Presentation

8/10/2019 Quran i c Arabic Patterns Presentation

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Quranic ArabicLetter PatternsTafseer Letter Pattern Research visualized for easily learning

Based on modern standard Uthmani Script of afs

Red indicates not possible or allo!ed" green indicates only possibonly allo!ed" a plus indicates a combination and an arro! indicat

optional combination

By #regory $orse


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%olor and Shape %odeAllo!ed&'ccurring

(ot Allo!ed&'ccurringSun Letter(ot Allo!ed&'ccurring Sun LetterPronounciation %ategory)erbs(ouns*+ ,ivide Symbol%urrent Pattern-%hapter.)erse./ord (umber" 01-2 references12 3 Repeated Pattern Reference(umbera 3 Pattern Reference Letter

'ptions

$erge 4nto #

Separator

SectionTitle&eading

5oin

6

%ontainer

DivideSymbol

Across Group


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Standard Arabic AlphabetSunand $oon -)o!el1

Alef -1

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -1

5eem -1ah -1%hah -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1

,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1eh -1/a! -1


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Standard Arabic Alphabe%onnectingand (on*%onnec

Alef -1

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -1

5eem -1ah -1%hah -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1

,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1eh -1/a! -1


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Table of Special Arabic Symbo-sorted by fre=uency used in the Q :atha ->1 Su7un -?1 ,amma -@1 ;asra -1 Alef -1 Shadda -C1 Alef /asla -1 Alef /ith amza Above -D1 Superscript Alef -E1 :athatan -F1 $addah Above -G1 Alef $a7sura -H1 ;asratan -I1 Teh $arbuta -J1 ,ammatan -K1 amza -1 Alef /ith amza Belo! -M1


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Alef /asla - 1

6Alef /asla - 1 6

Alef /asla -1Alef /ith amza Above -1Alef /ith amza Belo! -1Alef $a7sura -1Alef -1Superscript Alef -1amza -1Teh $arbuta -1/a! -1


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$addah %onversions

:atha -1;asra -1,amma -1

Su7un -1

;asratan -I1Small Lo! $e

Small igh $4solated :orm

:athatan -1 6

6


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:athatan -F1

Alef -1Alef $a7sura -1Teh $arbuta -1 6:athatan -F1 6

6 Alef -1

6:athatan -1

:atha -1 6 Teh $arbuta -1

Small igh $eem4solated :orm -1

Small Lo!$eem -1

Small Lo! $eem -1Small igh $eem4solated :orm -1

6 Alef $a7sura -

amza -1

6:athatan -1

6Alef -1Small Lo! $eem -1Small igh $eem4solated :orm -1

6

6


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!Su7un -?1

6 ,ammatan -16 Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 1

6 ,ammatan -1 6Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 16;asra -1 6Small


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,iacritic Letters and Wnd of /

6;asratan -I1

6,ammatan -1

6

Alef -1 6 Small igh

Alef -1


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,iacritic and Tat!eel :ormu$iddle 'f /ord

Shadda -C1 Superscript Alef -1

;asratan -1,ammatan -1

;asra -1,amma -1

Su7un -1

$addah Above -1

6 Tat!eel - 6 1 amza Above -1

:atha -1

:athatan -1

:atha -1;asra -1,amma -1Su7un -1

$addahAbove -1


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Teh $arbuta -J1

:atha -1

6 Superscript Alef -1Alef $a7sura -1/a! -1

:atha -1 6

6Teh $arbuta -1 6:athatan;asratan,ammata

:atha -1;asra -1,amma

Teh -1

eh -1


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Silenced&Assimilat

Strong Letter

,ipthong

Long )o!el /a! -Y1,amma -16 /a! -1

6 Small /a! -1 6 Stopping 'n /ord

:atha -1 6 /a! -1 6

Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero -1 6Su7un -1

Shadda -1 6:atha -1,amma -1;asra -1

:atha -1,amma -16 /a! -1 6 Shadda -1

Start 'f /ordSu7un -1:atha -1 6 Alef -1:atha -1 6 SuperscriptAlef -1;asra -1

Starting 'n /ord 6 /a! -1 6 Sha

6 /a! -1 6 Shadda -1

:atha -1 6 /a! -1 6Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero -1 6 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6 /a! -1 6

:atha -1 6 /a! -1 6Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8eroStarting 'n /ord 6 /a! -1 6 Shadda -1

/a! -1 6Small igh Rounded 8ero -1Superscript Alef -1

6 /a! -16 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6 Ale6 Small /a! - 1 6 Stopping 'n /ord,amma -1

6 Small igh Rounded 8ero -16 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6 Alef /asla -1


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Ta7ing form of Alef -1 Pronounced

Long )o!el

Strong Letter

,ipthong

Ta7ing form of Alef

Silenced&As


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Similar to Pre[X

Root 5oined Pre[Xes

(oun * amza of 4nterrogation 6amza Root

(oun * amza Root&of 4nterrogation 6amza Root

Particle

Root ending in


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3 /ord6 amza -1 6 :atha -1 6

Start of /ord 6

Alef -1 6 (on*)o!el LetteAlef -1 6 Rounded igh SAlef -1 6 /a! -1Alef -1 6


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(ounamza -1 3 Wnd of /ord

6 amza -1 6

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1

,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Above -1Su7un -1

6 amza -

1 6:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1;asra -1 6 Alef $a7sura -

1 6 $addah Above -1Su7un -1

6 amza -

1 6:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1;asra -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 $addah Above -1;asra -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6$addah Above -1

Su7un -1

;asra6 amza -1 6

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Above -1:atha -1 6 /a! -1 6 Su7un -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 Su7un -1:atha -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 Su7un -1

,ammata6 amza -1 6:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Above -1;asra -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 $addah Above -1:atha -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 Su7un -1Su7un -1

6 amza -1 6:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -16 amza -1 6 :athatan

,amma -1 6 /a! -

1 6 $addah Above -1(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 Su7un -1

6 :atha -1 6 Teh $arbuta -:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1:atha -1 6 /a! -1 6 Su7un -1 6 amza -1(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 :atha -1(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 ;asra -1(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 Shadda -1 6 :atha -1/a! -1 6 Shadda -1 6 :atha -1:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 :atha -1 6 Superscript Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1

6 amza -16

:atha -1 6 Alef -1:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1,amma -1 6 /a! -1,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Above ,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small ,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Above

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1 6 amza -1 6 ;asra -1 6Alef $a7sura -1

;asra -1

,amma :atha -1

:athatan

6 amza 6 :atha 6(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 Su7un -1(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 :atha -1(on*)o!el (on*%onnecting Letter 6 Shadda -1 6 :atha -1

;af (oo

,amma -1 6amza -16 Su7un -1 6


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amza Above -1

:atha -1 6 Superscript Alef -1 6 amza Above -1 6 Su7un -1 6 Teh -1 -2:72:4 fad-daaraa'tum 1

9Af -16 Tat!eel -1 6 amza Above -1 6;asra -1 6 ,ah -1;asra -1 6 ,at -1

Sayyi - 1$a -

1Al - 1 6 $a -1Al -

1 6 s*sayyi -

1/al -

1 6 s*sayyi -

1;a -1 6 hay -1/a -

1 6 so -

1:a -1Sa -1Bi -1 6 Tat!eel -1 6 amza Above -1 6 :atAlef

:al-1Al-1Aal - 1 6 Tat!eel -1 6 amza Above -1 6 :atha -1 6 S

;asra -1 6


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Alef /ith amza Above -Start of /ord 6

Alef /ith amza Above -1 6 :atha -1 6 ;asra -1,amma -1

/a! /ith amza Above -1 6 ,amma -1


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Alef /ith amza Belo! -

6 Alef /ith amza Belo! -1 6 ;asra -1 6

(on*)o!el Let


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/a! /ith amza Above -/a! /ith amza Above -1 6 Su7un -1 6 (on*)o!el Letter 6 ,amma -1Alef /asla -1 6

6 /a! /ith amza Above -1 6 ,amma -1aa - 19Ahaa - 1/ahaa - 1

,amma -1 6 /a! /ith amza Above -1 6 :atha -1 6

6 ,amma -1 6 /a! /ith amza Above -1 6 Su7un -1 6(on*)o!el Le/a! -1

*)o!el %onnecting Letter*)o!el %onnecting Letter 6 Shadda -11- (on*)o!el Letter

Alef -1 6 (on*)o!el Letter


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amza :ormula at Start of /

Start of /ord 6

6 amza -

1 6 :atha -1 6Alef -

1 6 (Alef -1 6 RAlef -

1 6 /Alef -1 6


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amza :ormula at Start of /

/a! /ith amza Above -1 6Su7un -1 6 (on*)o!el Letter 6 ,amma -1Alef /asla -1 6


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/ord

:atha -1 6 Alef -

1 6 $addah Above -1;asra -1 6


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/ord

6


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amza :ormula at Wnd of /

;

6amza -1 6:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Above -1Su7un -1 :atha -1 6 Alef /ith amza Belo!

6


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;asratan

6amza -1 6

;asra -1 6


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6 Alef /ith amza Above -1ha -1

n*)o!el Letter 6 Su7un -1

6:atha -1 6 Te

;asra -1 6


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amza :ormula at Wnd of /:atha -1 6Alef /ith amza Belo! -1 6 ;asra -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8e

9Af -16 Tat!eel -1 6 amza Above -1 6;asra -1 6 ,ah -1;asra -1 6 ,at -1

6 Tat!eel - 6 1 amza Above -1 6:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6o!el %onnecting Letter 6 Su7un -1o!el (on*Lam %onnecting Letter 6 :atha -1

/ala -

1La -1L*la -

1

6


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Starting Alef /asla -1 before amza

Starting amza Root&of 4nterrogation immediately before amza&speci

/a! /ith amza Above -1 6Su7un -1 6 (on*)o!el Letter 6 ,amma -1Start of /ord 6 Alef /asla -1 6 :ath

;as,am


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amza /riting :ormulaStart 'f /ord&Prolongation Prevention

Bi -1/abi -1:abi -1Labi -1

Al - 1Bil -1;al -1/abil -1/al - 1Lil - 1L*lil - 1/alil - 1Lal - 1/alal - 1:al -1Aal - 1

:a -1Sa -1:asa -19afa -1

:ala - 1

La -1L*la -1/ala - 1/a -1/*!a -19a!a -1

aa - 19Ahaa - 1/ahaa - 1


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,amma -1 6 /a! /ith amza Above -1 6Su7un -1:atha -1,amma -1;asra -1 6 Wnd 'f ,ammatan -1:athatan -1 6 Alef

6


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;asra -1 6


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Quranic 4nitials & ,is_ointed Let- 1

Alef Laam $eem -)

Alef Laam $eem Sad -1Alef Laam Raa -1Alef Laam $eem Raa -1;af eh


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$addah Above -1:atha -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1:atha -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 Superscript Alef -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1;asra -1 6 Alef $a7sura -

1;asra -1 6 Alef -

1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 1 6 Alef$a7sura -1

;asra -1 6 Small


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Long )o!el Alef -1:atha -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 Wnd 'f /ord 6 Alef /asla1-:atha -1 6 Superscript Alef -1

:atha -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 Superscript Alef -1:atha -1 6 /a! -1 6 Superscript Alef -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6

Beh-1Teh-1Theh-1

5eem- 1ah-1%hah-1,al -1Thal-1Raa -18ay-1Seen-1Sheen-1Sad-1,ad-1Ta!-1Tha!-19a!yn-1#hain-1:aa -1Qaf 1-;af-1Lam-1$eem-1(oon -1eh-1/a!-1


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Long )o!el


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Long )o!el /a! -Y1,amma -1 6 Small/a! -1

amma -1 6 /a! -1 6Beh -1

Teh -1Theh -1

5eem -1ah -1%hah -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1Lam -1

$eem -1(oon -1eh -1

Small igh Rounded 8ero -1:atha -1Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 1:athatan -1Shadda -1Wnd 'f /ord

mma -1 6 /a! -

1 6 $addah Above -1 6

(oon -1 6 Shadda -1amza -1

Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero -Alef /ith amza Above -16 Alef /ith amza Above -1

Long consonant and vo!


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Long consonant and vo!combinations

6 Alef -1Start of /ord/a! -1Small /a! - 1$addah Above -1

6 /a! -1 6Alef -1Start of /ord

6


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Soft Lengthening - `K >

:atha -1 6/a!1-

Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 1 6


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Lengthening Presented To Su7- #"! $%

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -1

5eem -1ah -1%hah -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1

Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1eh -1

amza -1 6 :athatan -1 :athat;asrat,amm

:a;a,a

6 Superscript Alef -1Alef $a7sura -1/a! -1

:atha -1 6

6Teh $arbuta -1 6

$addah Above -1 6

6

Alef -1

Small igh Round

Alef$a7sura -1/a! -1


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Seperated Lengthening #reat %onne- H>?@ Kj>k K >@ > 1

a -1 6 eh -1 6 ;asra -1 6 Small


45/92

Lightened %ompulsory Lengthening /- K >q>@ >> K> > 1

/eighted %ompulsory Lengthening Le- 1

Lightened %ompulsory Lengthening Letters- 1

Seen -1Lam -1

6 $addah Above -1 6 $eem -1 See - 1Laa -1

Seen -1Sad -1Qaf -1

;af 1-

Seen - 1Saad -1Qaaf -1;aaf - 1

$*meem - 1Seen -1

Lam -16 $eem -1 6 $addah Above -1

6 $addah Above -1

amza -1 6 :atha -1 6 Alef -16 $addah Above -1 6 Lam -1 6 Su7un -1 -

Lette^a!yn

Alef -

Ta! -eh -Raa -1


46/92

%onnected Lengthening Wssen- K Y> K {|@ > 1

Alef /ith amza Belo! -1


47/92

WXchange Lengthening -K >>

:atha -1 6 Alef -1:atha -1 6 Superscript Alef -1,amma -1 6 /a! -1,amma -1 6 Small /a! -1 6 ,al -1;asra -1 6


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Alef $a7sura -H1

6Alef $a7sura -1

Su7un -1:atha -1;asra -1Superscript Alef -1Wmpty %entre Lo!Stop -1

Superscript Alef -1

Shadda -1 6

:atha -1;asra -1

,amma -1,ammatan -1

:atha -1;asra -1,amma -1,ammatan-1;asratan -1

aa -*));um -( $ );a -+)umu -$)$ )(aa -*,);um -$ )aaaa -));umu -$$ )umaa -*

)$ )&Ti --)&Ta --)(ee -.,)um -)$ )unna -/&)$ )&Tu --$ )

inayi -.0);i -+)(eeee -.,)(ee -)(eehu -$ (,(ayi -.

,)&Tin --1)$i -2)&Tan --3 )La -4);ahum -($)(aaaa -,)(i -);umaa -*

$ )

Su7un -1 amza -1 6

$addah Above -1:atha -1,amma -1

,ammatan -

Small Lo!$eem -1

:athatan -1

Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6Alef $a7sura -1 6 :atha -1 6 Wnd of /ord

Alef -1


49/92

Beginning ,iacritics and WLetters

:atha -1

;asra -1,amma -1:athatan -1;asratan -1,ammatan -1

Su7un -1Shadda -1$addah Above -1amza Above -1

Start of /ord 6

5eem -1

ah -1%hah -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1

Sad -1,ad -1Tha! -1#hain -1

6

)alid&4nvalid Letter ah $eem -) - 40:1,41:1,42:1,43:1,44:1,45:1,46:1 1

Ta! Seen $eem -) - 26:1,28:1 1

;af eh


50/92

)alid&4nvalid Letter%ombinations * Su7un -?1Beh -1

Teh -1Theh -15eem -1ah -1%hah -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1

#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1eh -1

Alef -1Beh -Teh -Theh -

5eem -ah -%hah -,al -1Thal -Raa -18ay -1Seen -Sheen Sad -,ad -Ta! -1

Tha! -9a!yn #hain :aa -Qaf -1;af -1Lam -$eem (oon -eh -1/a! -


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Bet!een /ord %ombinatioSu7un -?1

Beh -1 6 6 Beh -1:atha -1 6 /a! -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small ighRounded 8ero - 1 6 6 /a! -1:atha -1 6 6 /a! -1 6 /a! -1 -83:31Thal -1 6 6 Thal -1 -21:8719a!yn -1 6 6 9a!yn -1 - 18:78,18:82 1:aa -1 6 6 :aa -1 -17:331Raa -1 6 6 Raa -1 - 3:41,7:205,18:24 1,al -1 6 6 ,al -1 -5:611Teh -1 6 6 Teh -1Thal -1 6 6 Tha! -1 - 4:64,43:39 1Teh -1 6 6 ,al -1 - 7:189,10:89 1Teh -1 6 6 Ta! -1Beh -1 6 6 $eem -1 -11:421,al -1 6 6 Teh -1Theh -1 6 6 Thal -1 -7:1761$eem -1 6 6 $eem -1(oon -1 6 6 (oon -1(oon -1 6 6 Lam -1

(oon -1 6 6 Raa -1(oon -1 6 6 $eem -1eh -1 6 Su7un 6 Small igh Seen -16 eh -1- 69:28:4-29:1 1Lam -1 6 Su7un 6 Small igh Seen -16 Raa -1-83:141(oon -1 6 Su7un 6 Small igh Seen -16 Raa1- -75:271

6 Shadda -1

Teh -1Theh -15eem -1,al -1Thal -1

8ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1

(oon -

1 6 6

Raa -1

Lam - 1

Lam -1 6 6

$eem -

1 6 6 Beh -

1

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -15eem -1ah -1%hah -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1

#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1eh -1

Alef -1Beh -Teh -Theh -

5eem -ah -%hah -,al -1Thal -Raa -18ay -1Seen -Sheen Sad -,ad -Ta! -1

Tha! -9a!yn #hain :aa -Qaf -1;af -1Lam -$eem (oon -eh -1/a! -


52/92


53/92

Su7un -?1 on [rst letter -only fo


54/92

Su7un -1 on [rst letter -only fo-1 of Wmphasis1ay7ah - 1 -26:176:3,38:13:51

ya= -1 -22:15:16,22:29:21L\aana - 1 -10:51:8,10:91:11

Small igh Upright Rectang8ero -1

9Anaa -1(oonaa -1 -33:10:161

Laa7inaa -1-18:38:11Ar*rasoolaa - 1 -33:66:111As*sabeelaa - 1 -33:67:81Qa!aareeraa -1 -76:15:81

6 Small igh Upright Rectangular 8ero -1 6 6

Alef /a

Alef /ith Above -1amza -1

Alef /ith Belo! -1Beh -

1%hah -

1Raa -

18ay -19a!yn -1:aa -1Qaf -1Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1eh -1

/a! 1-

Start of /ord 6 Lam -1 6 Su7un -1 69aa -1

%onversions6 Alef /asla -1

T h - 1

ontinue 'n /ordatha -

1


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%onversionsing 'n /ord 6 Alef /asla -1 6

Beh -15eem -1ah -1%hah -19a!yn -1#hain -1:aa -1

Qaf -1;af -1$eem -1eh -1/a! -1


56/92

Alef /asla - 1 !ith Lam - 1,e[niteness

Start of!ord-V}.~}."x..w1

Alef /asla1-9aa -1-}..V"}.."].w.x"].w."].."V~.w.]1

L*li -1 -150X1

6 Lam -1 6

Teh -1Theh -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -1Lam -1(oon -1

Beh -15eem -1ah -1%hah -19a!yn -1#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1$eem -1

eh -1/a! -1


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Small


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Small


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Small /a! -

1

6 eh -1 6 ,amma -16 Small /a! -1 6

Alef /ith aAbove -1amza -1Alef /ith aBelo! -1

$addah Above -1 6 66 Alef /asla -16 la7um -1:atha -1

,amma -1

u -1 6 Small /a! -1 6 dah -1 -81:8:21Small /a! -16 $addah Above -1 6 Tat!eel -1 6 amza Above -1 6 ,amma

:atha -1Su7un -1

6 /a! - 1 6 ,amma -16Small /a! - 16 (oon -1 6 :atha -1

! - 1 6Small /a! - 1 6 reea -1 -7:20:71

-1 6 /a! - 1 6 ,amma -16Small /a! - 16 $addah Above -1 6 -1 -4:135:33,18a -1 6 /a! - 1 6 ,amma -16Small /a! - 16 -1 -43:13:11

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -15eem -1ah -1%hah -1

,al - 1

a!u -1 6Small /a! -16 ,al -1!u -1 6Small /a! -16 (oon -1 -26:94:4,26:224:31

yard -1 -39:7:151Lam -1 6Shadda -1(oon -1(oon -16Shadda -1

6 :atha -1 6 eh -1 6 ,amma -16 Small /a! -1 6 6 la7um -1

Small igh $eem 4solated :-1


60/92

g -1Small Lo! $eem -1

asratan -1 6Small Lo! $eem -1 6

:athatan -1,ammatan-1

6Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1 6

ratan -1 6Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1 6 6

:athatan -1,ammatan-1(oon -1

6Small Lo! $eem -1 6 6

on -16Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1

6 Beh -1

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -15eem -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -

1Ta! -

1Tha! -

1

:aa -1Qaf -

1;af -

1Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1/a! -1


61/92

=Quran/ord

/# mi' ( rom2 ofoccurrences*++,

of entireQur\an-./-

cumulat-./-

6&5 All01 +,22 *.-, 3.,4*#

m00 ( 5106 +7,7 *.+2 /4.24

*

l00 ( 8o6 /3*9 +.+* /*./*

.7 :ee ( ;' /34/ +./9 /7.*/

& 8 i''0 ( =ruly /,9+ +./, /3.-3

4*9 >00l0 ( ?es0id /,/9 +.49 /2.77

&6;: 0ll061ee (51o /-,- /.99 +/.-+

.


62/92

_ y-sorted by fre=uency usedthe Quran1 E'd F: Ay01 =)

Sm0ll Ho Ieem >) Sm0ll ?iJ1 Kou'ded Lero ?) Sm0ll ?iJ1 Ieem ;sol06ed orm @) Sm0ll 50 A) Sm0ll Me1 B) Sm0ll ?iJ1 BpriJ16 Kec60'Jul0r Lero C) Sm0ll ?iJ1 See' D) Sm0ll ?iJ1 8oo' E) Emp6y Ne'6re ?iJ1 S6op F) Emp6y Ne'6re Ho S6op G) Ol0ce F: S0Pd01 H) Sm0ll ?iJ1 Ieem ;'i6i0l orm I)

S60r6 F: Kub El ?iQb J) Sm0ll ?iJ1 H0m Ale: K) Sm0ll ?iJ1 Reem L) Sm0ll ?iJ1 =1ree Do6s M) Kou'ded ?iJ1 S6op 5i61 illed Ne'6re N) Sm0ll ?iJ1 HiJ06ure 0: 5i61 H0m 5i61 Ale: I0Csur0 O) Sm0ll ?iJ1 HiJ06ure S0d 5i61 H0m 5i61 Ale: I0Csur0 P) Sm0ll Ho See' Q)

,ivisions


63/92

,ivisions E'd F: Ay01 =) ( E'd o: 0 verse is 'o6ed :rom =

=STU 0'd s6oppi'J is op6io'0l.

Ol0ce F: S0Pd01 H) ( Su''01 6o m0Ce pros6r06iopoi'6.

S60r6 F: Kub El ?iQb J) ( S60r6 o: Jroup 10l: o: p0r6PuQT) is 'o6ed.

Stopping


64/92

Stopping Sm0ll ?iJ1 Ieem ;'i6i0l orm I) ( Nompulsory 6o s6op.

Sm0ll ?iJ1 Reem L) ( N0' s6op or co'6i'ue. Sm0ll ?iJ1 H0m Ale: K) ( Oro1ibi6ed 6o s6op 0'd possibly pro1ibi6e Sm0ll ?iJ1 =1ree Do6s M) U V U Sm0ll ?iJ1 =1ree Do6s M) ( S6op

'o6 seco'd or s6op 06 seco'd 0'd 'o6 Wrs6 +X+Y +X/27Y 7X+,Y 7X-//-X2).

Sm0ll ?iJ1 HiJ06ure 0: 5i61 H0m 5i61 Ale: I0Csur0 O) ( Ze66er 6permissible 6o co'6i'ue.

Sm0ll ?iJ1 HiJ06ure S0d 5i61 H0m 5i61 Ale: I0Csur0 P) ( Ze66er bu6 permissible 6o s6op.

Sm0ll ?iJ1 See' D) ( 51e' 'o6 o' 0 S0dY Sub6le s6op i61ou6 bre+Y *,X7+Y ,2X+9[+2Y 37X+3Y 9*X/-).


65/92

4ndicators


66/92

4ndicators Sm0ll ?iJ1 Kou'ded Lero ?) ( Do 'o6 pro'ou'ce Sm0ll ?iJ1 BpriJ16 Kec60'Jul0r Lero C) ( Oro'ou1e' s6oppi'J o' ord bu6 do 'o6 pro'ou'ce 1

co'6i'ui'J. Emp6y Ne'6re ?iJ1 S6op F) ( Ke0di'J by :ormi'J

circle i61 61e lips 0'd poi'6i'J 61em 6o 61e :ro'

/+X//X, 60[m0''00 *"&F#](^).

%ontinue To (eXt /ord=0Peed Symbol A'd Ay01


67/92

=0Peed Symbol A'd Ay01Nombi'06io's)

Sm0ll ?iJ1 See' D)S60r6 F: 5ord U S60r6 F: Kub El ?iQb J) /22 re:ere'ces)Ol0ce F: S0Pd01 H) U E'd o: Ay01 /7 re:ere'ces)Ol0ce F: S0Pd01 H) U E'd o: Ay01 U S60r6 F: 5ord U S60r6 F: Kub El ?iQb J)E'd F: Ay01 =) U E'd o: Ay01

Zismill01 o: N10p6er U irs6 Ay01 o: N10p6er e]cep6 /Y 2)

H0s6 Ay01 o: N10p6er U Zismill01 o: 8e]6 N10p6er e]cep6 9Y //-)H0s6 Ay01 o: N10p6er U irs6 Ay01 o: 8e]6 N10p6er 9)Sm0ll ?iJ1 Ieem ;'i6i0l orm I)

U U Sm0ll ?iJ1 HiJ06ure 0: 5i61 H0m 5i61 Ale:

I0Csur0 O) *,X7+)U E'd o: Ay01 /9X/Y ,2X+9)

%ontinue to neXt pronouncletter


68/92

letter-!hen vo!el*led1

Alef -1 6 Small igh Upright Rectangular 8ero -1 6%ontinue To (eXt /ord

,al -1Thal -1Raa -1Lam -1(oon -1eh -1


69/92

machra_*_1

Tongue -1

Lips -1

Throat -1

/a! !ithout|lengthening

%hest - 1

| |

| |

| |


70/92

- "%lear -1

Beh -1 1Teh - 1 1Theh -1 1

5eem -1 1ah -1 1,al -1 1Thal -1 1Raa -1 18ay -1 1Seen -1 1Sad -1 1,ad -1 1Ta! - 1 19a!yn -1 1#hain -1 1:aa -1 1Qaf -1 1;af -1 1Lam -1 1$eem - 1 1(oon -1 1eh - 1 1

Alef -1%hah -1Sheen

!1Tha-1-


6 /a! - 1 1

Start of /ordSu7un -1:atha -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1

u7un -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1 6 ;asra -1 6 6


71/92

Special WXception %lear or Aor- 1

- " gAssimilate -1

Beh -1 1Teh -1 1Theh -1 15eem -1 1ah -1 1,al -1 1Thal -1 1Raa - 1 18ay -1 1

Seen - 1

1Sad -1 1,ad -1 1Ta! - 1 19a!yn -1 1#hain -1 1:aa -1 1Qaf -1 1;af -12 1Lam -12 1$eem -1 1(oon - 1 1eh -12 1/a! -1 1

Alef -1%hah -1Sheen

!1Tha-1-

a -1 6 /a! - 1 1 6 Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero -?1 6 6 6 Shadda -1

6 Shadda -16 V 6 Shadda -1

6 6 6 Shadda -1


72/92

ah -19a!yn1-

Teh1-,al -1Ta! -1

8ay -1Seen1-Sad -1

Theh1-

Thal -1Tha!1-

5eem -1

Sheen -1


73/92

- " al*muta_aanisaani s*sa!

4ncomplete Assimilate - 1

Ta! -1 6 Teh -1 - 5:28:2,12:80:22,27:22:5,39:56:7 1

Thal -1 6 6 Tha! -1 - 4:64,43:39 1Teh -1 6 6 ,al -1 - 7:189,10:89 1Teh -1 6 6 Ta! -1

Beh -1 6 6 $eem -1 -11:421,al -1 6 6 Teh -1Theh -1 6 6 Thal -1 -7:1761

,al -1 6 Teh -1

6 Shadda -1

Assimilate -1

Small ProXimate Letters - 1


74/92

1

Qaf -1 6 ;af -1 -77:20:21

Teh -1Theh -1,al -1Thal -1Raa -

18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -1Lam -1(oon -1

Lam -1 6 6 Shadda -1

Raa -1Lam -1 6 6

Lam -1 6 Su7un 6 Sma1- -83:141

(oon -1 6 Su7un 6 Sm-1 -75:271

%lear WXcep

)o!el*less (oon 4ncomplete As-

)o!el*lessAssimilating -

(oon -1 6 %ontinue To (eXt /or6 Su7un -16

:atha ->1 6 Teh $arbuta -J1 6 :athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1:atha ->1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -G1 6 amza -1 6 :athatan -F16 Small Lo! $eem -1:athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef -1:athatan -F16 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef $a7sura -H1;asratan -I1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small ighRounded 8ero -1

6 %ontinue To (eXt /o

)o!el*less (oon Ass-

6 %ontinue To (eXt /

Assimilate -1


75/92

Raa eaviness - Kq?> K>6 Raa - 1 6 Su7un -1

lef /asla -1 6 Raa -1

:atha -1-1


76/92

;asra -1 6 Raa -1 6 Su7un -16 %ontinue 'n /ord 6

Raa -16 Shadda -1 6

%hah -

1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -

1#hain -1Qaf -1

6 Raa -16 Su7un -1

:atha -1,amma -1

6 Su7un -1 6 Raa -16

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -1

5eem -1

ah -1%hah -1,al -1Thal -18ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1$eem -1eh -1

6

:atha -1,amma -1:athatan -1,ammatan -1

Small igh $eem 4solated Small Lo! $eem -1

6 %ontinue 'n

6

:atha -1 6 /a! -16 Su7un -1 6 Raa -16:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6:atha -1 6 Superscript Alef -1 6,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1 6 Raa -16 Shadda -1 6

,amma -1

:atha -1,amma -1,ammatan -1

Wmpty %entre Lo! Stop -1 6 Alef $a

:athatan -1 6 Alef -1:athatan -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1

;asra -1;asratan -1

(on*)o!el Letteramza -1Alef /ith amza Above -1Alef -1/a! -1Superscript Alef -1Alef $a7sura -1 6 Superscript Alef -1Alef $a7sura -1Teh $arbuta -1

K>-1 6 R - 1 6 S 7 -16 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6

Beh -1Teh -1Theh -15eem -1ah -1,al -1Thal-1

RaaRaa -1 6Raa Spelled

6 $addah Above -1 6 Raa -1Lam -1$eem -

1


77/92

sra -1 6 Raa -16 Su7un -16 Stopping 'n /ord

;asratan -1 6 %ontinue 'n /ord


78/92

- 1

Beh -15eem -1,al -1Ta! -1

Qaf -1

6 Shadda -1

6 Stop

6 Stoppi

6 %ontModera

Great

6 Su7un -1 6

:athatan -1;asratan -1,ammatan -1


Small Lo! $eem -1

Small igh $eem4solated :orm -1

:atha -1;asra -1,amma -1 6

8ay -1Seen -1Sheen -1Sad -1,ad -1Ta! -1Tha! -19a!yn -1#hain -1:aa -1Qaf -1;af -1Lam -1$eem -1(oon -1

eh -1/a! -1


79/92

6 (oon -16 Shadda -11

)o!el*less (oon %lear - 1(oon -1

66 %ontinue To (eXt

/ord 6

:atha -1 6 Teh $arbuta -1 6 :athatan -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1 6 amza -1 6:athatan -1:athatan -1 6 Alef -

1:athatan -1 6 Alef $a7sura -

1;asratan -1,ammatan -1,ammatan -16 Alef -

1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero - 1

Ta

6 Su7un -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Above-1:atha -1 6 Wmpty %entre igh Stop -1


)o!el*less (oon 4ncomplete As

-

(oon -1 6 %ontinue To (eXt /or6 Su7un -16

) l l ( A


80/92

)o!el*lessAssimilating -:atha ->1 6 Teh $arbuta -J1 6 :athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem-1:atha ->1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -G1 6 amza -1 6:athatan -F16 Small Lo! $eem -1:athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef -1:athatan -F16 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef $a7sura -H1;asratan -I1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1

,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small ighRounded 8ero -1

6 %ontinue To (eXt /o

)o!el*less (oon -

)o!el*less (oon -

66 %ontinue To (eXt


)o!el*less (oon Ass-


)o!el*less (oon %overed- 1(oon - 1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1 6 Su7un -1 6


81/92

(oon -1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1

6 %ontinue To (eXt /o:atha ->1 6 Teh $arbuta -J1 6 :athatan -F16 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1:atha ->1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -G1 6 amza -1 6 :athatan -F1 6 Small igh$eem 4solated :orm -1:athatan -F1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -16 Alef -1:athatan -F1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1 6 Alef $a7sura -H1;asratan -I1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1,ammatan -K1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1,ammatan -K1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small ighRounded 8ero -1

6 Su7un -1 6

%haracter ,oubled - JK >|>@ K ?> 1)o!el*less $eem -


82/92

6$eem -1 6 Shadda -1

)o!el*less $eem ide - 1

)o!el*less $eem Assimilating Small4dentical - 1

)o!el*less $eem%lear - 1

)o!el*less $eem %lear #reater- 1

$eem -1 6 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6 B

$eem -1 6 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6 $eem -1 6 Shadda

$eem -16 Su7un -1 66 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6:aa -1/a! -1

$eem -16 Su7un -1 66 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6

Teh -1Theh -

5eem -ah -%hah -,al -1Thal -1Raa -1

8ay -1Seen -Sheen Sad -,ad -Ta! -1Tha! -9a!yn #hain -Qaf -1;af -1Lam -(oon -eh -1


83/92

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -,amma -1 6 /a! -1 6 $addah Abov:atha -1 6 Wmpty %entre igh Stop -:atha -1;asra -1,amma -1

:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1:atha -1;asra -1

,amma -1

1

$ost 4ncomplete (asalization 1:atha -1

;asra -1,amma -1

$eem1- 6

$eem -1 6 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6 $eem1 6 Shadda -1-

6 (6$eem -1 6 Shadda -1

(oon -1

6 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 66 Su7un -16:atha ->1 6 Teh $arbuta -J1 6 :athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1:atha ->1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -G1 6 amza -1 6 :athatan -F16 Small Lo!

$eem -

1:athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem -

1 6 Alef -1:athatan -F16 Small Lo! $eem -

1 6 Alef $a7sura -H1

;asratan -I1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -

1,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef -1 6 Small igh Rounded 8ero -1

:athatan -1;asratan -1,ammatan -1

%haracter ,oubled - 1

)o!el*less (oon Assi

-

(asalize %haracter)o!el*less $eem Assimilating Small 4dentical - 1

)o!el*less (oon 4ncomplete As-

6 %ontinue To (eXt /ord

%omplete (asalization - $eem -1 6 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6 Beh -1 6

:atha -1;asra -1

)o!el*less $eem ide - 1


84/92

,amma -1(oon -1:atha ->1 6 Teh $arbuta -J1 6 :athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1:atha ->1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -G1 6 amza -1 6 :athatan -F1

6 Small Lo! $eem -1:athatan -F1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1 6 Alef -1:athatan -F16 Small Lo! $eem -

1 6 Alef $a7sura -H1;asratan -I1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -

1,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1,ammatan -K1 6 Small Lo! $eem -

1 6 Alef -1 6 Small ighRounded 8ero -

1


(oon -1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -16 %ontinue To (eXt /o:atha -1 6 Teh $arbuta -1 6 :athatan -16 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1:atha -1 6 Alef -1 6 $addah Above -1 6 amza -1 6 :athatan -1 6 Small igh

$eem 4solated :orm -1:athatan -1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -16 Alef -1:athatan -1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1 6 Alef $a7sura -1;asratan -1 6 Small Lo! $eem -1,ammatan -1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1,ammatan -1 6 Small igh $eem 4solated :orm -1 6 Alef - 1 6 Small igh Rounded

6 Su7un -1 6

)o!el*less (oon %-

4ncomplete (asalization -

)o!el*less (oon %lear - 1(oon -1

T

6 Su7un -1


85/92

)o!el*less $eem%lear - 1

)o!el*less $eem %lear #reater- 1

$eem -16 Su7un -1 66 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6:aa -1/a! -1

$eem -16 Su7un -1 66 %ontinue To (eXt /ord 6

Teh -1Theh -

5eem -ah -%hah -,al -1Thal -1Raa -18ay -1Seen -Sheen Sad -,ad -Ta! -1Tha! -9a!yn #hain -Qaf -1;af -1Lam -(oon -eh -1

q?


86/92

Part of Speech Speci[c point of articulation -1 LettThe nasal

passage -1

=1is is 0 si'Jle poi'6 o: 0r6icul06io' :or 61e

sou'd o: '0s0liQ06io' X"&_$ ) 6106 comes :rom 61e'ose by blocCi'J 61e ^o o: 0ir :rom 61e mou61i61 61e 6o'Jue \& or lips \2& . =1is is i'1ere'6c10r0c6eris6ic o: 61e 6o le66ers 6106 c0''o6c10'Je.

|2& &

The t!o lips1-

Ze6ee' 61e 6o lips | ` 2Ze6ee' 61e i'side o: 61e loer lips 0'd 61e

upper i'cisors.

a

The throat -1 =1e deepes6 p0r6 o: 61e 61ro06. 5(b(6 .9( c) |' \=1e middle o: 61e 61ro06. 5(b(6 W$d

) |e f=1e 'e0res6 p0r6 o: 61e 61ro06. 5(b(6 .,g( c) |h i

The chest orinterior - 1

=1is is 0 si'Jle poi'6 o: 0r6icul06io' comprisi'J61e emp6y sp0ce o: 61e ope' mou61 :or 61ele66ers o: lo'J voels %

) or elo'J06io'

| |$ k

Part of Speech Speci[c point of articulation -1 Lett

The tongue-1 =1e i''ermos6 p0r6 o: 61e 6o'Jue 'e]6 6o 61e61ro06 6ouc1i'J 61e roo: o: 61e mou61 opposi6e i6. *

)6 .9&5 c)

=1e i''ermos6 p0r6 o: 61e 6o'Jue 6o0rds 61e +


87/92

=1e i''ermos6 p0r6 o: 61e 6o'Jue 6o0rds 61emou61 6ouc1i'J 61e roo: o: 61e mou61 opposi6e i6.F'e or bo61 edJes o: 61e 6o'JueY usu0lly 61e le:60lo'J i61 61e upper b0cC mol0rs.

l

Ze6ee' 61e edJes o: 61e 6o'Jue usu0lly 61e riJ160'd 61e Jums o: 61e :ro'6 mol0rsY c0'i'e 0'di'cisors.

4

Ze6ee' 61e 6ips o: 61e 6o'Jue 0'd 61e Jums o:61e 6o upper ce'6r0l i'cisors.

Ze6ee' 61e upper p0r6 o: 61e 6ip o: 61e 6o'Jue0'd 61e Jums o: 61e 6o upper ce'6r0l i'cisors.

m

=1e middle o: 6o'Jue i61 61e opposi6e :rom 61eroo: o: 61e mou61. *

6 W$d&5

)o|k

=1e 6ip o: 61e 6o'Jue 'e0r 61e i''er pl06es o: 61eupper ce'6r0l i'cisors.

| p

=1e 6ip o: 61e 6o'Jue 0lo'J i61 i6s upper sur:0ce6ouc1i'J 61e roo6s o: 61e ce'6r0l i'cisors.

| r g

Ze6ee' 61e upper sur:0ce o: 61e 6o'Jue 'e0r 61e | t u

%haracteristics -K > 1


88/92

%haracteristic 'ppStrength - 1

Trapping the o! ofsound" strengtheningthe complete reliance

on the point ofarticulation"

associated !ith theletters in this phrase.

Ioder06io' W$d$wx&6)

;' be6ee' 61es6re'J61 0'd 61ee0C'ess is 61e

moder06io'Y 1ere 61esou'd emerJes bu6

does 'o6 ô :rom 61epoi'6 o: 0r6icul06io'

0ssoci06ed i61 le66ersi' 61is p1r0seX

$ ./

5e0C'e

A ô o: sopro'u'ci06io61e reli0'ce0r6icul06io'i61 0ll 61e

i'cluded i' _S_Iode

%haracteristic

'pposite

/hispers -1A o! of breath -air1 during pronunciation

Audible $(V=1e 6r0ppi'J o: 61e ô


89/92

- 1 g pdue to !ea7ness in the reliance on the

point of articulation associated !ithletters in this phrase.

pp Jdue 6o 1e0vy depe'de'ce0r6icul06io' 0ssoci06ed

'o6 i' _51isp

eaviness&Wlevation - 1Raising the tongue to the roof of themouth during articulation" associated !ith

the letters in this phrase.

HiJ16'essHoeri'Hoeri'J 61e 6o'Jue 6o

mou61 duri'J 0r6icul06io'0ll 61e le66ers 'o6 i'

%losing -1The meeting of the tongue and !hat is

opposite it from the roof of the mouthduring articulation" associated !ith theletters. | | |

Fpe'i'J e$*x=1e sep0r06io' o: 61e 6o

roo: o: 61e mou61 duri'0ssoci06ed i61 0ll 61i'cluded i' _Nlo

:luency -1The easy o!ing of the letters | | | |

| from the tip of the tongue and lips

Kes6r0i'6 s$*

=1e emerJe'ce o: 61e re'o6 i'cluded i' _lue'cy

/histling -1A sound emerging bet!een the tip of the tongue and the upper central incisors the sound of a bird" associated !ith | | 4t is usually li7e a buzzing so

)ibration -1


90/92

The vibration of the point of articulation !ith the emergence of the letter !henassociated !ith letters in this phrase.

Wase -

1This is pronunciation !ithout eXertion or diculty 4t is associated !ith letters

preceded by fathah -14nclination&,rifting - 1

The inclination of the letter after its articulation from the point of articulation tpoint of articulation associated !ith inclines to!ards the tip of the tongu| .

to!ards the point of articulation of

Repetition -

1This is the natural tendency to vibrate or roll the tongue during articulation of th

this is to be avoided for correct pronunciation by controlling the tongue and n,iusion -1The spreading of air throughout the mouth during articulation of the le

Wlongation -

1This is the eXtension of the sound over the entire edge of the tongue from fron

articulation" associated !ith letter (asalization -

1This is the sound emitted from the nose" an inherent characteristics of lette

Ad_ective %onstruct -K>4nde[nite (oun 6 4nde[nite Ad_ective


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4nde[nite (oun 6 4nde[nite Ad_ective,e[nite (oun 6 ,e[nite Ad_ective

(ominal Sentence - ,e[nite (oun&Possession %onstruction 6 Predicate,emonstrative Pronoun6 Predicate -,e[nite (oun1

emonstrative Pronoun 6 Personal Pronoun6 Predicate

4nde[nite (oun 6 4nde[nite Ad_ective 6 PredicatePossessed 4nde[nite (oun 6 Possessor 6 Predicate4nterrogative Particle 6 4nde[nite (oun 6 Predicate

(egative Particle 6 4nde[nite (oun 6 PredicatePredicate 6 4nde[nite (oun4nde[nite (oun6 Predicate

,e[nite Ad_ec4nde[nite Ad_e

(oun

Possession %onstPrepositional PhPresent Partic

Predicate Sub_ect -16

Possession %onstruction -Possessed - 1 Possessor -1$ultiple. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 Posession

%onstructio


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1$ultiple. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 Posession %onstructioe[nite. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 #enitive ,e[nite (oun&Attached Per

4nde[nite. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 #enitive 4nde[nite (od Ad_ective. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 #enitive (oun 6 Ad_ective matc

r Ad_ective. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 #enitive (oun 6 Ad_ective matcPossessed ,emonstrative. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 #enitive (oun 6 ,Possessor ,emonstrative. Possessed !ithout tan!een 6 ,emonstrative 6 #

,emonstratives - emonstrative Pronoun 6 ,e[nite (oun,emonstrative Pronoun 6 Attached Personal Pronoun,

Possession Preposition -14nde[nite&,e[nite (oun 6 PossessivePreposition 6 4nde[nite&,e[nine (oun

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Quran i c Arabic Patterns Presentation