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• quiz #8 (last one!) available this Friday at 3pm until Monday at 11pm
• quiz #8 covers chapter 26
• make sure to check all your grades this week
• exam #4 Friday June 9th 2:30-4:20 in Kane 110 or Kane 210
• exam covers chapters 24 (pp 692-702), 25 & 26
The Reproductive System
• Make gametes – egg & sperm
• Deliver sperm
• Place for gametes to meet - fertilization
• Place for the embryo/fetus to grow
• Way to get out – delivery
• Way to feed the newborn
testes
scrotum
Ductus (vas) deferens
rectum
bladder
Parietalperitoneum
abs
Pubissymphysis
urethra
penis
Prostate gland
Pelvic diaphragm
Posterior view
ureter
Ductus deferens
urethra
epididymis
Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vaginalis
Spermatic cord
epididymis
Ductus deferens
Seminiferous tubules
Rete testes
Efferentductule
testes
Tunica albuginea
Dartos muscle
Cremaster muscle
Superficial fascia
Layers of scrotum
Median septumof scrotum
Pampiniform plexus
Superficial Inguinal ring
Fig. 26.7(TE Art)
n nn
n
Type B spermatogonia
Type A spermatogonia
1o spermatocyte
2o spermatocytes
Sustentacular cell(Sertoli cell)
Spermatids
Spermiogenesis
Meiosis II
Meiosis I
2n
2n
2n
n nn
n
2n
2n
2n
nn nn
Lumen
spermatogenesis
FSH & LH
Pituitary gland
Test.
Interstitial (Leydig) cell
Sustentacular (Sertoli) cell: bind testosterone
hypothalamus
GnRH
Sperm Facts
• It takes 74 days for sperm to mature• Young men make 300,000 sperm/minute or 400 million/day• Avg. sperm count 50-120 million sperm/mL• Lower than 20-25 million/mL = infertility• Sperm count has dropped over last 60 years
– avg. 113 million/mL in 1940 – avg. 66 million/mL today– semen volume has decreased as well
Testicular cancer
• cancer of the testes• most common in males age 15-35• abnormal mass in testes• good survival rate if found early
Lance Armstrong• 1996 – diagnosed with testicular cancer• metastasized to lungs & brain• 1997 – clean bill of health• 1999 – won 1st Tour de France
Dorsal view
Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle • 60% of semen• fructose, fibrinogen & PG’s
• 30% of semen• base, clotting enzymes & fibrinolysin
• base & lubricant
ureterDuctus deferens
Anterior view
Prostatic urethra
Spongy urethra
Internal urethral sphincter
External urethralsphincter
Prostatic utricle
Parasympathetic NS: vasodilation
Sympathetic NS: peristalsis, sphincter closure & muscle contraction (200 inches/sec)
Nitric oxide
Parasympathetic nerves
Dilate vessels
Viagra AlcoholDrugsAntidepressantsTagametAppetite suppressorsVascular problemsDiabetesStress
+-
cGMP