Quiz 31. Name one of Pavlov’s neutral stimuli.

2. According to Watson, his findings discredited the work of __________.

3. Who/what was superstitious?

4. In the past 30 years there have been at least three congressional hearings on _________ _________.

5. Why would an American travel to Germany to study with Wundt?

6. Name one disorder that Kraeplin studied and described.

Ivan Pavlov (1927)

• Physiologist– Unconditioned Reflex– Conditioned Reflex– Launched “Behaviorist Movement”

• Aplysia californica explained underlying physiological mechanisms– Back-propagation of the neural

message

Ivan Pavlov (1927)

• Physiologist– Unconditioned Reflex– Conditioned Reflex– Launched “Behaviorist Movement”

• Aplysia californica explained underlying physiological mechanisms– Back-propagation of the neural

message

Cellular Mechanism of Learning

Presynaptic From Gill – Big Effect

Postsynaptic Motor

Presynaptic From Mantle – Little Effect

If both are repeatedly active at the same time

Presynaptic From Gill – Big Effect

Postsynaptic Motor

Presynaptic From Mantle – No Effect

Strength of Previously Weak Synaptic Junction is Increased

Presynaptic From Gill – Big Effect

Postsynaptic Motor

Presynaptic From Mantle – Enhanced Effect

Watson and Rayner (1920)

• John Broadus Watson– Expanded Pavlov’s findings– Behavior comes from outside

influences – Simple Non-Freudian explanation– The first clearly documented

“taste tests”– The first I-O psychologist

Watson and Rayner (1920)

• John Broadus Watson– Generalization– Fear was contextually modified– Results opposed the eugenics

movement

B.F. Skinner (1948)

• Father of Radical Behaviorism– Operant Conditioning (vs.

Classical Conditioning)– Trained at Harvard (1931)– U. of Minnesota, Indiana– Back to Harvard– Felt unappreciated

B.F. Skinner (1948)

• Father of Radical Behaviorism– Noncontingent Reinforcement– Can results be applied to

humans?– ADHD?

Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1961)• Albert Bandura

– Still at Stanford– Children learn (some

behaviors) by example– What has TV done?– Violent behavior is more likely

if it is rewarded (positively reinforced)