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Windows Server 2003 interview and certification questions1. How do you double-boot a Win 2003 server box?The
Boot.ini file is set as read-only, system, and hidden to prevent
unwanted editing. To change the Boot.ini timeout and default
settings, use the System option in Control Panel from the
Advanced tab and select Startup.
2. What do you do if earlier application doesnt run on
Windows Server 2003?When an application that ran on an
earlier legacy version of Windows cannot be loaded during the
setup function or if it later malfunctions, you must run the
compatibility mode function. This is accomplished by right-
clicking the application or setup program and selecting
Properties> Compatibility> selecting the previously
supported operating system.
3. If you uninstall Windows Server 2003, which operating
systems can you revert to? Win ME and Win 98.4. How do you get to Internet Firewall settings? Start>
Control Panel> Network and Internet Connections> Network
Connections.
5. What are the Windows Server 2003 keyboard shortcuts?
Winkey opens or closes the Start menu. Winkey + BREAK
displays the System Properties dialog box. Winkey + TAB
moves the focus to the next application in the taskbar. Winkey +
SHIFT + TAB moves the focus to the previous application in the
taskbar. Winkey + B moves the focus to the notification area.
Winkey + D shows the desktop. Winkey + E opens Windows
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Explorer showing My Computer. Winkey + F opens the Search
panel. Winkey + CTRL + F opens the Search panel with Search
for Computers module selected. Winkey + F1 opens Help.
Winkey + M minimizes all. Winkey + SHIFT+ M undoes
minimization. Winkey + R opens Run dialog. Winkey + U opens
the Utility Manager. Winkey + L locks the computer.
6. What is Active Directory?Active Directory is a network-based
object store and service that locates and manages resources,
and makes these resources available to authorized users and
groups. An underlying principle of the Active Directory is that
everything is considered an objectpeople, servers,
workstations, printers, documents, and devices. Each object
has certain attributes and its own security access control list
(ACL).
7. Where are the Windows NT Primary Domain Controller
(PDC) and its Backup Domain Controller (BDC) in Server
2003? The Active Directory replaces them. Now all domain
controllers share a multimaster peer-to-peer read and write
relationship that hosts copies of the Active Directory.
8. How long does it take for security changes to be replicated
among the domain controllers?Security-related
modifications are replicated within a site immediately. These
changes include account and individual user lockout policies,
changes to password policies, changes to computer account
passwords, and modifications to the Local Security Authority
(LSA).
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9. Whats new in Windows Server 2003 regarding the DNS
management? When DC promotion occurs with an existing
forest, the Active Directory Installation Wizard contacts an
existing DC to update the directory and replicate from the DC
the required portions of the directory. If the wizard fails to locate
a DC, it performs debugging and reports what caused the
failure and how to fix the problem. In order to be located on a
network, every DC must register in DNS DC locator DNS
records. The Active Directory Installation Wizard verifies a
proper configuration of the DNS infrastructure. All DNS
configuration debugging and reporting activity is done with the
Active Directory Installation Wizard.
10.When should you create a forest? Organizations that operate
on radically different bases may require separate trees with
distinct namespaces. Unique trade or brand names often give
rise to separate DNS identities. Organizations merge or are
acquired and naming continuity is desired. Organizations form
partnerships and joint ventures. While access to common
resources is desired, a separately defined tree can enforce
more direct administrative and security restrictions.
11.How can you authenticate between forests? Four types of
authentication are used across forests: (1) Kerberos and NTLM
network logon for remote access to a server in another forest;
(2) Kerberos and NTLM interactive logon for physical logon
outside the users home forest; (3) Kerberos delegation to N-tier
application in another forest; and (4) user principal name (UPN)
credentials.
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12.What snap-in administrative tools are available for Active
Directory? Active Directory Domains and Trusts Manager,
Active Directory Sites and Services Manager, Active Directory
Users and Group Manager, Active Directory Replication
(optional, available from the Resource Kit), Active Directory
Schema Manager (optional, available from adminpak)
13.What types of classes exist in Windows Server 2003 Active
Directory?
o Structural class. The structural class is important to the
system administrator in that it is the only type from which
new Active Directory objects are created. Structural
classes are developed from either the modification of an
existing structural type or the use of one or more abstract
classes.
o Abstract class. Abstract classes are so named because
they take the form of templates that actually create other
templates (abstracts) and structural and auxiliary classes.
Think of abstract classes as frameworks for the defining
objects.
o Auxiliary class. The auxiliary class is a list of attributes.
Rather than apply numerous attributes when creating a
structural class, it provides a streamlined alternative by
applying a combination of attributes with a single include
action.
o 88 class. The 88 class includes object classes defined
prior to 1993, when the 1988 X.500 specification was
adopted. This type does not use the structural, abstract,
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and auxiliary definitions, nor is it in common use for the
development of objects in Windows Server 2003
environments.
14.How do you delete a lingering object?Windows Server 2003
provides a command called Repadmin that provides the ability
to delete lingering objects in the Active Directory.
15.What is Global Catalog?The Global Catalog authenticates
network user logons and fields inquiries about objects across a
forest or tree. Every domain has at least one GC that is hosted
on a domain controller. In Windows 2000, there was typically
one GC on every site in order to prevent user logon failures
across the network.
16.How is user account security established in Windows
Server 2003?When an account is created, it is given a unique
access number known as a security identifier (SID). Every
group to which the user belongs has an associated SID. The
user and related group SIDs together form the user accounts
security token, which determines access levels to objects
throughout the system and network. SIDs from the security
token are mapped to the access control list (ACL) of any object
the user attempts to access.
17.If I delete a user and then create a new account with the
same username and password, would the SID and
permissions stay the same?No. If you delete a user account
and attempt to recreate it with the same user name and
password, the SID will be different.
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18.What do you do with secure sign-ons in an organization
with many roaming users? Credential Management feature of
Windows Server 2003 provides a consistent single sign-on
experience for users. This can be useful for roaming users who
move between computer systems. The Credential Management
feature provides a secure store of user credentials that includes
passwords and X.509 certificates.
19.Anything special you should do when adding a user that
has a Mac? "Save password as encrypted clear text" must be
selected on User Properties Account Tab Options, since the
Macs only store their passwords that way.
20.What remote access options does Windows Server 2003
support?Dial-in, VPN, dial-in with callback.
21.Where are the documents and settings for the roaming
profile stored?All the documents and environmental settings
for the roaming user are stored locally on the system, and,
when the user logs off, all changes to the locally stored profile
are copied to the shared server folder. Therefore, the first time
a roaming user logs on to a new system the logon process may
take some time, depending on how large his profile folder is.
22.Where are the settings for all the users stored on a given
machine?\Document and Settings\All Users
23.What languages can you use for log-on scripts? JavaScipt,
VBScript, DOS batch files (.com, .bat, or even .exe)
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Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Security questions1. Whats the difference between local, global and universal
groups? Domain local groups assign access permissions to
global domain groups for local domain resources. Global
groups provide access to resources in other trusted domains.
Universal groups grant access to resources in all trusted
domains.
2. I am trying to create a new universal user group. Why cant
I?Universal groups are allowed only in native-mode Windows
Server 2003 environments. Native mode requires that all
domain controllers be promoted to Windows Server 2003 Active
Directory.
3. What is LSDOU?Its group policy inheritance model, where
the policies are applied to Local machines, Sites, Domains and
Organizational Units.
4. Why doesnt LSDOU work under Windows NT? If theNTConfig.polfile exist, it has the highest priority among the
numerous policies.
5. Where are group policies stored?
%SystemRoot%System32\GroupPolicy
6. What is GPT and GPC?Group policy template and group
policy container.
7. Where is GPT stored?
%SystemRoot%\SYSVOL\sysvol\domainname\Policies\GUID
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8. You change the group policies, and now the computer and
user settings are in conflict. Which one has the highest
priority?The computer settings take priority.
9. You want to set up remote installation procedure, but do
not want the user to gain access over it. What do you do?
gponame> User Configuration> Windows Settings> Remote
Installation Services> Choice Options is your friend.
10.Whats contained in administrative template conf.adm?
Microsoft NetMeeting policies
11.How can you restrict running certain applications on a
machine?Via group policy, security settings for the group, then
Software Restriction Policies.
12.You need to automatically install an app, but MSI file is not
available. What do you do? A .zaptext file can be used to add
applications using the Software Installer, rather than the
Windows Installer.
13.Whats the difference between Software Installer and
Windows Installer? The former has fewer privileges and will
probably require user intervention. Plus, it uses .zap files.
14.What can be restricted on Windows Server 2003 that wasnt
there in previous products? Group Policy in Windows Server
2003 determines a users right to modify network and dial-up
TCP/IP properties. Users may be selectively restricted from
modifying their IP address and other network configuration
parameters.
15.How frequently is the client policy refreshed? 90 minutes
give or take.
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16.Where is secedit?Its now gpupdate.
17.You want to create a new group policy but do not wish to
inherit. Make sure you check Block inheritance among the
options when creating the policy.
18.What is "tattooing" the Registry?The user can view and
modify user preferences that are not stored in maintained
portions of the Registry. If the group policy is removed or
changed, the user preference will persist in the Registry.
19.How do you fight tattooing in NT/2000 installations?You
cant.
20.How do you fight tattooing in 2003 installations? User
Configuration - Administrative Templates - System - Group
Policy - enable - Enforce Show Policies Only.
21.What does IntelliMirror do? It helps to reconcile desktop
settings, applications, and stored files for users, particularly
those who move between workstations or those who must
periodically work offline.
22.Whats the major difference between FAT and NTFS on a
local machine? FAT and FAT32 provide no security over
locally logged-on users. Only native NTFS provides extensive
permission control on both remote and local files.
23.How do FAT and NTFS differ in approach to user shares?
They dont, both have support for sharing.
24.Explan the List Folder Contentspermission on the folder in
NTFS. Same as Read & Execute, but not inherited by files
within a folder. However, newly created subfolders will inherit
this permission.
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25.I have a file to which the user has access, but he has no
folder permission to read it. Can he access it?It is possible
for a user to navigate to a file for which he does not have folder
permission. This involves simply knowing the path of the file
object. Even if the user cant drill down the file/folder tree using
My Computer, he can still gain access to the file using the
Universal Naming Convention (UNC). The best way to start
would be to type the full path of a file into Run window.
26.For a user in several groups, are Allow permissions
restrictive or permissive? Permissive, if at least one group
has Allow permission for the file/folder, user will have the same
permission.
27.For a user in several groups, are Deny permissions
restrictive or permissive?Restrictive, if at least one group
has Deny permission for the file/folder, user will be denied
access, regardless of other group permissions.
28.What hidden shares exist on Windows Server 2003
installation? Admin$, Drive$, IPC$, NETLOGON, print$ and
SYSVOL.
29.Whats the difference between standalone and fault-
tolerant DFS (Distributed File System) installations? The
standalone server stores the Dfs directory tree structure or
topology locally. Thus, if a shared folder is inaccessible or if the
Dfs root server is down, users are left with no link to the shared
resources. A fault-tolerant root node stores the Dfs topology in
the Active Directory, which is replicated to other domain
controllers. Thus, redundant root nodes may include multiple
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connections to the same data residing in different shared
folders.
30.Were using the DFS fault-tolerant installation, but cannot
access it from a Win98 box. Use the UNC path, not client,
only 2000 and 2003 clients can access Server 2003 fault-
tolerant shares.
31.Where exactly do fault-tolerant DFS shares store
information in Active Directory? In Partition Knowledge
Table, which is then replicated to other domain controllers.
32.Can you use Start->Search with DFS shares?Yes.
33.What problems can you have with DFS installed?Two users
opening the redundant copies of the file at the same time, with
no file-locking involved in DFS, changing the contents and then
saving. Only one file will be propagated through DFS.
34.I run Microsoft Cluster Server and cannot install fault-
tolerant DFS.Yeah, you cant. Install a standalone one.
35.Is Kerberos encryption symmetric or asymmetric?
Symmetric.
36.How does Windows 2003 Server try to prevent a middle-
man attack on encrypted line?Time stamp is attached to the
initial client request, encrypted with the shared key.
37.What hashing algorithms are used in Windows 2003
Server?RSA Data Securitys Message Digest 5 (MD5),
produces a 128-bit hash, and the Secure Hash Algorithm 1
(SHA-1), produces a 160-bit hash.
38.What third-party certificate exchange protocols are used by
Windows 2003 Server? Windows Server 2003 uses the
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industry standard PKCS-10 certificate request and PKCS-7
certificate response to exchange CA certificates with third-party
certificate authorities.
39.Whats the number of permitted unsuccessful logons on
Administrator account? Unlimited. Remember, though, that
its the Administrator account, not any account thats part of the
Administrators group.
40.If hashing is one-way function and Windows Server uses
hashing for storing passwords, how is it possible to attack
the password lists, specifically the ones using NTLMv1?A
cracker would launch a dictionary attack by hashing every
imaginable term used for password and then compare the
hashes.
41.Whats the difference between guest accounts in Server
2003 and other editions? More restrictive in Windows Server
2003.
42.How many passwords by default are remembered when
you check "Enforce Password History Remembered"?
Users last 6 passwords.
Windows Server 2003 IIS and Scripting interview questions1. What is presentation layer responsible for in the OSI
model?The presentation layer establishes the data format
prior to passing it along to the network applications interface.
TCP/IP networks perform this task at the application layer.
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2. Does Windows Server 2003 support IPv6?Yes, run ipv6.exe
from command line to disable it.
3. Can Windows Server 2003 function as a bridge?Yes, and
its a new feature for the 2003 product. You can combine
several networks and devices connected via several adapters
by enabling IP routing.
4. Whats the difference between the basic disk and dynamic
disk? The basic type contains partitions, extended partitions,
logical drivers, and an assortment of static volumes; the
dynamic type does not use partitions but dynamically manages
volumes and provides advanced storage options
5. Whats a media pool?It is any compilation of disks or tapes
with the same administrative properties.
6. How do you install recovery console? C:\i386\win32
/cmdcons, assuming that your Win server installation is on drive
C.
7. Whats new in Terminal Services for Windows 2003
Server? Supports audio transmissions as well, although
prepare for heavy network load.
8. What scripts ship with IIS 6.0?iisweb.vsbto create, delete,
start, stop, and list Web sites, iisftp.vsbto create, delete, start,
stop, and list FTP sites, iisdir.vsbto create, delete, start, stop,
and display virtual directories, iisftpdr.vsbto create, delete,
start, stop, and display virtual directories under an FTP root,
iiscnfg.vbsto export and import IIS configuration to an XML file.
9. Whats the name of the user who connects to the Web site
anonymously? IUSR_computername
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10.What secure authentication and encryption mechanisms
are supported by IIS 6.0? Basic authentication, Digest
authentication, Advanced digest authentication, Certificate-
based Web transactions that use PKCS #7/PKCS #10,
Fortezza, SSL, Server-Gated Cryptography, Transport Layer
Security
11.Whats the relation between SSL and TLS?Transport Layer
Security (TLS) extends SSL by providing cryptographic
authentication.
12.Whats the role of http.sys in IIS? It is the point of contact for
all incoming HTTP requests. It listens for requests and queues
them until they are all processed, no more queues are
available, or the Web server is shut down.
13.Wheres ASP cache located on IIS 6.0?On disk, as opposed
to memory, as it used to be in IIS 5.
14.What is socket pooling?Non-blocking socket usage,
introduced in IIS 6.0. More than one application can use a given
socket.
15.Describe the process of clustering with Windows 2003
Server when a new node is added. As a node goes online, it
searches for other nodes to join by polling the designated
internal network. In this way, all nodes are notified of the new
nodes existence. If other nodes cannot be found on a
preexisting cluster, the new node takes control of the quorum
resources residing on the shared disk that contains state and
configuration data.
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16.What applications are not capable of performing in
Windows 2003 Server clusters? The ones written exclusively
for NetBEUI and IPX.
17.Whats a heartbeat?Communication processes between the
nodes designed to ensure nodes health.
18.Whats a threshold in clustered environment?The number
of times a restart is attempted, when the node fails.
19.You need to change and admin password on a clustered
Windows box, but that requires rebooting the cluster,
doesnt it?No, it doesnt. In 2003 environment you can do that
via cluster.exe utility which does not require rebooting the entire
cluster.
20.For the document of size 1 MB, what size would you expect
the index to be with Indexing Service? 150-300 KB, 15-30%
is a reasonable expectation.
21.Doesnt the Indexing Service introduce a security flaw
when allowing access to the index? No, because users can
only view the indices of documents and folders that they have
permissions for.
22.Whats the typical size of the index? Less then 100K
documents - up to 128 MB. More than that - 256+ MB.
23.Which characters should be enclosed in quotes when
searching the index? &, @, $, #, ^, ( ), and |.
24.How would you search for C++? Just enter C++, since + is
not a special character (and neither is C).
25.What about Barnes&Noble?Should be searched for as
Barnes&Noble.
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Administrative shares are usually created automatically for the
root of each drive letter. They do not display in the network
browse list.
2. How do the permissions work in Windows 2000? What
permissions does folder inherit from the parent? When you
combine NTFS permissions based on users and their group
memberships, the least restrictive permissions take
precedence. However, explicit Deny entries always override
Allow entries.
3. Why cant I encrypt a compressed file on Windows 2000?
You can either compress it or encrypt it, but not both.
4. If I rename an account, what must I do to make sure the
renamed account has the same permissions as the original
one?Nothing, its all maintained automatically.
5. Whats the most powerful group on a Windows system?
Administrators.
6. What are the accessibility features in Windows 2000?
StickyKeys, FilterKeys Narrator, Magnifier, and On-Screen
Keyboard.
7. Why cant I get to the Fax Service Management console?
You can only see it if a fax had been installed.
8. What do I need to ensure before deploying an application
via a Group Policy? Make sure its either an MSI file, or
contains a ZAP file for Group Policy.
9. How do you configure mandatory profiles?Rename
ntuser.dat to ntuser.man
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10.I cant get multiple displays to work in Windows 2000.
Multiple displays have to use peripheral connection interface
(PCI) or Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) port devices to work
properly with Windows 2000.
11.Whats a maximum number of processors Win2k supports?
2
12.I had some NTFS volumes under my Windows NT
installation. What happened to NTFS after Win 2k
installation? It got upgraded to NTFS 5.
13.How do you convert a drive from FAT/FAT32 to NTFS from
the command line?convert c: /fs:ntfs
14.Explain APIPA. Auto Private IP Addressing (APIPA) takes
effect on Windows 2000 Professional computers if no DHCP
server can be contacted. APIPA assigns the computer an IP
address within the range of 169.254.0.0 through
169.254.255.254 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.
15.How does Internet Connection Sharing work on Windows
2000?Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) uses the DHCP
Allocator service to assign dynamic IP addresses to clients on
the LAN within the range of 192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.254.
In addition, the DNS Proxy service becomes enabled when you
implement ICS.
Microsoft Win32 interview questions
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1. Tell the differences between Windows 95 and Windows
NT? Lack of Unicode implementation for most of the functions
of Win95. Different extended error codes. Different number
window and menu handles. Windows 95 implements some
window management features in 16 bits. Windows 95 uses 16-
bit world coordinate system and the coordinates restricted to
32K. Deletion of drawing objects is different. Windows 95 does
not implement print monitor DLLs of Windows NT. Differences
in registry. Windows 95 does not support multiprocessor
computers. NT implementation of scheduler is quite different.
Different driver models. Win95 was built with back-compatibility
in mind and ill-behaving 16-bit process may easily corrupt the
system. Win95 starts from real DOS, while WinNT uses DOS
emulation when one needs a DOS. Win95s FAT is built over
16-bit win3.1 FAT (not FAT32!, actually, Win95s FAT contains
two FATs).
2. What is the effective way of DIB files management? A:
Memory-mapped file is the best choice for device-independent
bitmaps. MMF allows to map the file to RAM/SWAP addresses
and to let Windows handle all load/unload operations for the
file.
3. What should you be aware of if you design a program that
runs days/weeks/months/years?A: When your program
should run for a long time, you should be careful about heap
allocations, because if you use new/delete intensively in your
application, the memory becomes highly fragmented with a
time. It is better to allocate all necessary memory in this case
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that many times small blocks. You should be especially careful
about CString class which allocates permanent DLL
4. What are the advantages of using DLLs?DLLs are run-time
modular. DLL is loaded when the program needs it. Used as a
code sharing between executables.
5. What are the different types of DLLs? A: Extension, Regular
and pure Win32 DLL (without MFC)
6. What are the differences between a User DLL and an MFC
Extension DLL? A: Extension DLL supports a C++ interface,
i.e. can export whole C++ classes and the client may construct
objects from them. Extension DLL dynamically links to MFC
DLLs (those which name starts with MFC??.DLL) and to be
synchronous with the version it was developed for. Extension
DLL is usually small (simple extension DLL might be around
10K) Regular DLL can be loaded by any Win32 environment
(e.g. VB 5) Big restriction is that regular DLL may export only C-
style functions. Regular DLLs are generally larger. When you
build a regular DLL, you may choose a static link (in this case
MFC library code is copied to your DLL) and dynamic (in this
case you would need MFC DLLs to be presented on the target
machine)
7. What do you have to do when you inherit from two
CObject-based classes? A: First of all, this is a bad idea does
not matter what tells you interviewer. Secondly, if you forced to
use condemned rhombus structure, read Technical Note 16 in
MSDN, which discusses why MFC does not support multiple
inheritance and what to do in case you still need it (there are a
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few problems with CObject class, such as incorrect information,
returned by IsKindOf() of CObject for MI, etc.)
8. What are the additional requirements for inheritance from
CWnd-based classes?A: Again, this is the bad idea. Try to
find alternative solution. Anyway, if you have to multiply inherit
from CWnd-based class, the following are additional
requirements to the above conditions (again, this is extremely
bad question for interview!!!): There must be only one CWnd-
derived base class. The CWnd-derived base class must be the
first (or left-most) base class.
9. What is a "mutex"? A: Mutexes are the mechanism of process
synchronization that might be used to synchronize data across
multiple processes. Mutex is a waitable object while a critical
section is not. Mutexes are significantly slower than critical
sections.
10.Whats the difference between a "mutex" and a "critical
section"? Critical section provides synchronization means for
one process only, while mutexes allow data synchronization
across processes.
11.What might be wrong with the following pseudo-code:
FUNCTION F
BEGIN
INT I=2
DO
I = I + 1
IF I = 4 THEN BREAK
END DO
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END
A:This code is not thread safe. Suppose one thread increments
I to 3 and then returns to the beginning of DO statement. Then
it increments I to 4 and now context switch happens. Second
thread increments I to 5. From this moment the code shown will
execute forever until some external force intervention. Solution
is obviously using some synchronization object to protect I from
being changed by more than one thread.
12.What is a deadlock ?A: A deadlock, very simply, is a
condition in which two or more threads wait for each other to
release a shared resource before resuming their execution.
Because all threads participating in a deadlock are suspended
and cannot, therefore, release the resources they own, no
thread can continue, and the entire application (or, worse, more
than one application if the resources are shared between
threads in multiple applications) appears to hang.
13.How can we create thread in MFC framework? A: Using
AfxBeginThread.
14.What types of threads are supported by MFC framework?
A: Working thread and windows thread. Working thread usually
does not have a user interface and easier to use. Windows
thread has an user interface and usually used to improve
responsiveness of the user input. Message Map
15.When ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI is called? (message
may vary) A: When a user of your application pulls down a
menu, each menu item needs to know whether it should be
displayed as enabled or disabled. The target of a menu
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command provides this information by implementing an
ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI handler.
16.What is a "hook"?A: A point in the Windows message-
handling mechanism where an application can install a
subroutine to monitor messages. You need hooks to implement
your own Windows message filter.
17.What are the difference between MFC Exception macros
and C++ exception keywords? A:Actually, MFC macros may
accept exception of only CException class or class, derived
from CException, where as C++ exception mechanism accepts
exception of ANY type Reusable Control Class
18.How would you set the background of an edit control to a
customized color? A: You have several choices, but the
simplest one is subclassing. Kruglinski in his "Inside Visual
C++" describes pretty well this process. Generally, you derive
the class from none control class, override the messages you
want (like WM_CTLCOLOR) and then in init function like
OnInitialUpdate of CDialog, subclass the control with
SubclassDlgItem().
19.What is Message Reflection? How could you accomplish
the above task using message reflection? A: See Technical
Note 62 of MSDN. Usually, message is handled in the parent
class that means you have to override message handler for
each parent. Sometimes it is nice to handle a message in the
control itself, without parent invocation. Such handling
mechanism is called message reflection. Control "reflects"
message to itself and then processes it. Use
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ON__REFLECT macro to create a
reflected message.
20.What is the command routing in MFC framework? A: CView
=> CDocument => CFrameWnd => CWinApp
21.Whats the purpose of CView class? CDocument class?
What are relationships between them? A: The CView class
provides the basic functionality for user-defined view classes. A
view is attached to a document and acts as an intermediary
between the document and the user: the view renders an image
of the document on the screen or printer and interprets user
input as operations upon the document. The CDocument class
provides the basic functionality for user-defined document
classes. A document represents the unit of data that the user
typically opens with the File Open command and saves with the
File Save command. Users interact with a document through
the CView object(s) associated with it. A view is a child of a
frame window. The relationship between a view class, a frame
window class, and a document class is established by a
CDocTemplate object. A view can be attached to only one
document, but a document can have multiple views attached to
it at once.
22.What class is responsible for document template in MDI
application? A: CMultiDocTemplate.
23.What function must be used to add document template? A:
AddDocTemplate.
24.What the main objects are created for SDI and MDI
applications?A: CWinApp - application object. For MDI
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application with New document implementation CDocTemplate,
CDocument, CView, CMainFrame. If your application is SDI,
your CMainFrame class is derived from class CFrameWnd. If
your application is MDI, CMainFrame is derived from class
CMDIFrameWnd. For MDI application CMDIChildWindow is
also created.
25.We have a loop for 800,000. It fails on 756,322. How can we
get the information before it fails? A: You could think of
several way to debug this: Set the condition in debugger to stop
when loop is passed around 756321 times. Throw an exception
within a loop (may be not the best idea since exception does
not show you the exact location of the fail. Create a log file and
to put detailed information within a loop.
26.Our Debug version works fine, but Release fails. What
should be done? A: There are four differences between debug
and release builds:
o heap layout (you may have heap overwrite in release
mode - this will cause 90% of all problems),
o compilation (check conditional compilation statements,
assertion functions etc.),
o pointer support (no padding in release mode which may
increase chances of a pointer to point into sky)
o optimization
Windows admin interview questions
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1. Describe how the DHCP lease is obtained. Its a four-step
process consisting of (a) IP request, (b) IP offer, IP selection
and (d) acknowledgement.
2. I cant seem to access the Internet, dont have any access
to the corporate network and on ipconfig my address is
169.254.*.*. What happened?The 169.254.*.* netmask is
assigned to Windows machines running 98/2000/XP if the
DHCP server is not available. The name for the technology is
APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing).
3. Weve installed a new Windows-based DHCP server,
however, the users do not seem to be getting DHCP leases
off of it.The server must be authorized first with the Active
Directory.
4. How can you force the client to give up the dhcp lease if
you have access to the client PC? ipconfig /release
5. What authentication options do Windows 2000 Servers
have for remote clients?PAP, SPAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and
EAP.
6. What are the networking protocol options for the Windows
clients if for some reason you do not want to use TCP/IP?
NWLink (Novell), NetBEUI, AppleTalk (Apple).
7. What is data link layer in the OSI reference model
responsible for? Data link layer is located above the
physical layer, but below the network layer.Taking raw data
bits and packaging them into frames. The network layer will be
responsible for addressing the frames, while the physical layer
is reponsible for retrieving and sending raw data bits.
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8. What is binding order? The order by which the network
protocols are used for client-server communications. The most
frequently used protocols should be at the top.
9. How do cryptography-based keys ensure the validity of
data transferred across the network? Each IP packet is
assigned a checksum, so if the checksums do not match on
both receiving and transmitting ends, the data was modified or
corrupted.
10.Should we deploy IPSEC-based security or certificate-
based security?They are really two different technologies.
IPSec secures the TCP/IP communication and protects the
integrity of the packets. Certificate-based security ensures the
validity of authenticated clients and servers.
11.What is LMHOSTS file?Its a file stored on a host machine
that is used to resolve NetBIOS to specific IP addresses.
12.Whats the difference between forward lookup and reverse
lookup in DNS? Forward lookup is name-to-address, the
reverse lookup is address-to-name.
13.How can you recover a file encrypted using EFS? Use the
domain recovery agent