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Questioning and Teaching Strategies That Promote Students Sticking With Rigorous
Math Tasks and Engaging in Critical Thinking.
DSD Elementary Summer Institute 2017
Celeste Harding & Piia Pehap
Learning Goals
Understand the purpose of productive struggle in the
mathematics classroom and how to support it.
Learn how to question effectively to support productive
struggle in the mathematics classroom.
Learn effective teacher moves that support student
perseverance.
Shopping Trip Task.
What are the
teachers doing?
What are the
students doing?
Which teacher was more effective and why?
Principals to Action, NCTM
Resource for you to use throughout the school year
Principals to Action, NCTM
Can Struggling Be Good for Students?
“Teachers worry a lot about students who struggle. We
hate to see frustration, insecurity, and impatience on a
student’ face. But as we now know, constructively
struggling with challenging problems can help a student
learn mathematics, as long as we provide the structure
and support that will allow that struggle to progress
toward understanding, meaning, thinking, and learning; in
other words, to engage in productive struggle.” (pg 22)
How we withhold Struggling?
Lack of wait time
Who’s doing the talking?
Seeing the solutions rather than the process.
Seeing the solution as the goals rather than the process as the vehicle for learning.
By showing and explaining a concept or a rule, such as diving fraction in a step-by-step, manner before giving a task.
Machine gun questioning… no wait time.
Interrupting student thinking (rushing)
Slowing down instruction… to show how to solve before they even try on their own
Rushing through materials to cover content
Having too many problem to solve rather than ONE good task
Rushing to practice when students aren’t ready
How we withhold Struggling?
“However, when we show students exactly how to solve a certain type of problem, we deny them the opportunity to think in advance how they might approach it. Thus, we may end up keeping them from struggling- but we also prevent them from learning how to preserver through a difficult problem to concept. “ pg 24
Embrace Mistakes
What does this
really mean?
“ Being willing to make a mistake also contributes to students’ willingness to productively struggle through what may at first seem difficult to them” pg. 26
The wrong kind of struggle.
How can we recognize
unproductive struggle?
What is the best way to help
students engaged in
unproductive struggle?
“It’s a mistake to think that we can use the same tool, strategy, or program to help every student stuck in unproductive struggle.” pg 27
Now you try…
Leo the Rabbit is climbing up a
flight of 10 steps. Leo can only
hop up 1 or 2 steps each time
he hops. He never hops down,
only up. How many different
ways can Leo hop up the flight
of 10 steps? Provide evidence to
justify your thinking.
3 minutes
Opportunities for the right
kind of struggle.
What strategies did we use
to support productive
struggle?
Strategies that support
productive struggle
1. Setting explicit learning goals
2. Monitoring our feedback
3. Emphasizing the problem solving process
4. Baiting the hook
5. Expected End
6. Writing what you know
“ In short, if we think of struggling as an instructional priority, rather than an indicator of a
lack of smarts, we can help all students become proficient mathematical thinkers.” (pg 28)
References:
Making Sense of Math. How to Help Every Student
Become a Mathematical Thinking and Problem Solver
Cathy Seeley
Principles to Actions. Ensuring Mathematical Success
for All. NCTM publications.
The 8 x 8 Project