Gtpapay;

1. cyf mstpy; ,e;jpahtpd; gug;G – 2.5%

2. cyf mstpy; ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs; njhif - 16%

3. ,e;jpah xU Jizf; fz;lk;

4. ,e;jpah Mrpah Jizf; fz;lj;jpw;F njd;gFjpapy; cs;sJ.

5. ,e;jpahtpd; Nkw;fpy; mNugpaj; jPgfw;gk; mike;Js;sJ.

6. ,e;jpahtpd; tlf;fp ,kakiyAk;> njw;fpy; ,e;jpag; ngUq;flYk; ,e;jpahtpw;F muz;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd.

7. ,e;jpah 804’tl ml;rj;jpypUe;J 3705’tl ml;rk; tiuapYk; 6807’ fpof;Fj; jPh;f;fj;jpypUe;J 9702’fpof;Fj; jPh;f;fk; tiuapYk; gutpAs;sJ.

8. ,e;jpahtpd; FWf;Nf xLk; ml;rNuif flfNuif

9. flf ml;rj;jpw;F njw;fpy; cs;sJ ,e;jpa jPgfw;g;gFjp flf ml;rj;jpw;F tlf;fpy; cs;sJ Gw ,e;jpa jPgfw;gg;gFjp

10. Gtpapd; gug;G mbg;gilapy; ,e;jpah cyfj;jpy; 7tJ nghpa ehL

11. ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j gug;gsT 3.3 kpy;ypad; r.fp.kP my;yJ 0.033 gpy;ypd; r.fpkP my;yJ 3300000 r.fpkP

12. ,e;jpah tlf;F njw;fhf 3.214 fp.kP ePsk;fpof;F Nkw;fhf 2.933 fp.kP ePsk;

13. ,e;jpahtpd; flw;fiu ePsk; 6.600 fp.kP

me;jkhd; - ep;f;Nfhghh; ,yl;rj; jPTfspd; flw;fiuiaAk; Nrh;j;J nkhj;j flw;fiu ePsk; 7516 fp.kP

14. ,e;jpahtpd; nghJthd vy;iyiaf; nfhz;l ehLfs; Mg;fhdp];jhd;> ghfp];kjd;> rPdh> Neghsk;> G+l;lhd;> kpahd;kh;> tq;fhsNjrk;

15. ,e;jpahtpd;> =yq;fhitAk; gphpg;gJ ghf;ePh;r;re;jp

16. ,e;jpah tpLjiyailtjw;F Kd;dh; 562 KbauRfSk;> fpof;fpe;jpa fk;ngdpahy; epWtg;gl;l xd;gJ khfhzq;fSk; ,Ue;jd.

17. ,e;jpahtpy; 1956y; nkhkpthhp khepyq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;lJ.

18. ,e;jpahtpy; jw;nghOJ 28 khepyq;fs; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; cs;sd.

19. Kl;Gjh;fs; epiwe;j khepyk; ,uh[];jhd;

20. mlh;e;j fhLfs; m];]hk;

21. cg;G ghiyfs; cs;s ,lk; ,uh[];jhd;.

22. ,e;jpahtpy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nkhopfspd; vz;zpf;if 22

23. If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpy; 3.22 kpy;ypad; ,e;jpah;fs; cs;sdh;.

24. mnkhpf;fhtpd; kUj;Jth;fspy; 38% ,e;jpah;fs; 12% ,e;jpa tpQ;Qhdpfs;> ehrhtpy; gzpGhpagth;fspy; 36% ,e;jpath;fs;.

ikf;Nuh rhg;l; gzpahsh;fspy; 34% ,e;jpah; I.gp.vk;. gzpahsh;fspy; 28% ,e;jpah;fs; n[uhf;]; gzpahsh;fs;; 13% ,e;jpah;fs; If;fpa mnkhpf;f ehLfspy; ,e;jpah;fSs; 23% gr;ir ml;ilfs; itj;Js;sdh;.

25. vz; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jJ - ,e;jpah

26. G+[;aj;ij fz;Lgpbj;jth; - Mh;agl;lh

27. cyfpy; Kjy; gy;fiyf; fofk; - jf;\pyh fpK 700 epWtg;gl;lJ.

28. ehye;jh gy;fiyf;fofk; - fpK 4 Mk; Ehw;whz;L njhlf;fk;

29. vy;yh INuhg;gpa nkhopfSf;Fk; jha; nkhop – rk];fpUjk;

30. fzpzp nkd;nghUs; vOj kpf Vw;w nkhop – rk];fpUjk;

31. MAh;Ntjk; kpfg; goikahd kUj;Jtk;

32. kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ij – rhuf;fh (2500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; tifg;gLj;jpdhh;)

33. rpe;J ejpapy; 6000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng ePh;topg; Nghf;Ftuj;J njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

34. NetpNf\d; vd;w ngah; rk];fpUjj;jpy; et[pj; vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J te;jJ.

35. igapd; kjpg;ig (22/7) fz;lwpe;jth; - Gj;jahdh;

37. my;[Pg;uh> [pNahkpjp> fhy;Fy]; Mfpait ,e;jpahtpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

38. Fthl;Bul;bf; rkd;ghL fz;Lgpbj;jth; - =juhr;rhh;ah (11k; Ehw;whz;L)

39. ituj;jpw;F Mjhukhf ,e;jpah 1896ypUe;J tpsq;fpaJ.

40. rJuq;f tpisahl;il fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ehL - ,e;jpah

41. ,kakiyf;Fk;> jf;fhzgPlG+kpf;Fk; ,ilapy; fq;if rkntsp cs;sJ.

42. ,e;jpahtpd; epyj;Njhw;wq;fs; midj;jpYk; jf;fhzgPlG+kpjhd; goikahd epyj;Njhw;wq;fisf; nfhz;l ghij mikg;G MFk;.

43. epyeLf;Nfhl;bw;F tlf;Nf (80tl ml;rNuif)flf ml;rj;jpw;Fj; (23 ½0 t.) njw;Nf cs;s epyg;gFjp jPgfw;g ,e;jpah MFk;.

44. NgQ;rpahitr; Rw;wpYk; Ngd;jyhrh vd;w ePh;g;gug;Gk; ,Ue;jJ.

45. NgQ;rpah epyg;gFjp nlj;jp]; vd;w jho;thd flyhy; ,U gphpTfs; cs;sd.

46. nlj;jp]; flw;fiuf;F tlf;Nf mq;fhuh vd;w epyg;gFjpAk; njw;Nf Nfhz;Lthdh vd;w epyg;gFjpAk; ,Ue;jd.

47. Nfhz;Lthdh epyk; fpof;fpy; M];jpNuypahTlDk; Nkw;fpy; Mg;gphpf;fhTlDk; ,ize;jpUe;jJ.

48. yhth ,Wfp jPg;ghiwfshf khwpag; gFjpfs; jf;fhzg; gpbg;G my;yJ yhth gPlG+kp vd cUthapd.

49. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpd; %d;W kiyj; njhlh;fs; cs;sd.1. tpe;jpa – rhj;G+uh kiyfs;2. Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyfs;3. fpof;Ff; Fd;Wfs;

50. tpe;jpa rhj;G+uh kiyfs; eh;kij ejp gs;sj;jhf;fpw;F ,izahf Nkw;F – fpof;fhfr; nry;Yfpd;wd.

51. tpe;jpa kiyfs; eh;kjh gs;sj;jhf;fpd; gf;fr; Rth;fNs cz;ikapy; mit kiyfs; my;y.

52. tpe;jpa rhj;G+uh kiyfs; thuzhrpf;F mUfpy; Kbfpd;wd.

53. rhj;G+uh kiyfs; eh;kijf;Fk; jgjpf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;sJ.

54. rhj;G+uh kiyfs; kpfg; goikahd kbg;G kiyfs;

55. rhj;G+uh kiyfspd; ghiwfs; jf;fhz> yhth gPlG+kp ghiw tifia rhh;e;jit

56. rhj;G+uh vd;why; VO kbg;G vd;W nghUs;

57. rhj;G+uh kiyfs; kpfg; goikahd kbg;G kiy

58. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;fpy; Nkw;f fle;fiuf;F ,izahf mike;jit Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyfs;

59. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs; jgjp ejpapd; Kfj;Jthuj;jpypUe;J fd;dpahf;Fkhp tiu tlf;F njw;fhfTk; mike;Js;sJ.

60. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfspy; tlf;fpy; jhy;fhl;> Nghh;fhl; fztha;fs; cs;sd.

61. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfspy; njw;fpy; ghyf;fhl;Lf; fztha; cs;sJ.

62. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfspd; njd;gFjpapy; caukhd rpfuq;fs; cs;sd.ePyfphp kiyapy; njhl;lngl;lhMizkiyapy; MizKbgodpkiy> nfhilf;fhdy; kiyFw;why kiyfs; Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfspy; cs;sd.

63. Nkw;F njhlh;rpr kiyfspd; Nfhil thoplq;fs; cjfkz;lyk;> Fz;Zhh;> Nfhj;jfphp

64. fpof;Ff; Fd;Wfs; fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntspia xl;b mike;Js;sJ.

65. fpof;Ff; Fd;Wfs; fpof;Ff; flw;fiuia xl;br; nry;fpd;wd.

66. fpof;Ff; Fd;Wfs; xhprh khepyj;jpypUe;J Me;jpu khepyk; tiu cs;sJ.

67. jpUg;gjp kiy> It;thJ kiy nfhy;ypkiy> gr;ir kiyfs; fpof;Ff; Fd;Wfspy; cs;sd.

68. fpof;Ff; Fd;Wfspy; cs;s Nfhil thoplk; Vw;fhL Vyfphp

69. ,e;jpahtpd; cah;e;j rpfuk; MizKb (Nfush khepyj;jpy; ,Lf;fp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;sJ.

70. jPgfw;gg; gPlG+kpapy; tlf;fpy; khst gPlG+kp> njw;fpy; jf;fhz gPlG+kp ,jd; ,ilapy; jgjp-eh;kij ejpfs; kw;Wk; gpsTg; gs;sj;jhf;FfSk; cs;sd.

71. khst gPlG+kp rpwpa Kf;Nfhz tbtk; nfhz;lJ

72. khst gPlG+kp tlNkw;fpy; Muty;ypj; njhlh;fs; cs;sJ.

73. Muty;ypj; njhlh; xU fhyj;jpy; ,kakiyia tpl nghpaJ Mdhy; jw;NghJ 500kP cauj;ij kl;Lk; jw;NghJ cs;sJ.

74. Muty;ypj; njhlhpd; cah;e;j rpfuk; mGkiy (Fh;\h fhh;)

75. jf;fhzgPlG+kp eh;kijg; gs;sj;jhf;fpw;F njw;fpy; nghpa Kf;Nfhz tbt gPlG+kpahFk;.

76. jf;fhz gPlG+kpapd; Kf;Nfhzj;jpy; mfd;w gFjp – tpe;jpa kiy> $hpa gFjp – fd;dpahFkhp cs;sJ.

77. jf;fhzg; gPlG+kp Kd;W gf;fk; kiyfshYk;> xU gf;fk; flyhYk; #og;gl;Ls;sJ.

78. jf;fhzg;gPlG+kpapy; Kf;fpa MWfs; fpof;Nf Xb tq;fhs tphpFlhtpy; fyf;fpd;wd.

79. jf;fhzg; gPlG+kpf;F tlfpof;fpy; fdptsq;fs; epiwe;j NrhlhehfGhp gPlG+kp mike;Js;sJ.

80. jf;fhz gPlG+kp fpof;F Nehf;fp rhpe;Js;sJ.

81. Nkw;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntsp F[uhj; Kjy; Nfush tiu ePz;L fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

82. fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntsp fq;iff; fopKfk; Kjy; fd;dpahFkhp tiu cs;sJ. Nkw;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntspiatplTk; mfykhdJ.

83. fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntspapy; tz;ly; mjpfkhfg; gbe;Js;sJ.

84. fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntspapy; fopKfq;fSk;> nly;lhf;fSk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

85. flf ml;rj;jpw;F tlf;Nf cs;sr; rkntsp kw;Wk; ,kakiyia cs;slf;fpa epyg;gFjp Gw jPgfw;g ,e;jpah

86. Gw jPgfw;gj;ij ,uz;L ,aw;ifg;gphpT (1) ,kakiy (2)fq;ifr; rkntsp

87. ,kakiyj; njhlh; Vwf;Fiwa 200 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lf;F Kd;dh; cUthd kbg;G kiy (,sk; kbg;G kiyfs;)

88. KfLfSk; rhpTfSk; fly; gbkq;fs; gbe;j gbTg; ghiwfs; - ,kakiy

89. cyfpy; caukhd rpfuk; vtnu];l; (8848kP cauk;) Neghs ehl;L vy;iyapy; cs;sJ.

90. ,kakiyapd; kw;w rpfuk; fQ;rd;rq;fh> jtsfphp> eq;fgh;tjk;

91. ,kakiyapd; fztha;fs; ifgh;> Nghyd;

92. ,ksakiyfspYs;s fh\;kPh; gs;sj;jhf;F kpfTk; moF tha;e;jJ. (lhy;Vhp> lhh;[pypq;> rpk;yh> KNrhhp Nghd;w Nfhil thoplq;fs; Rw;Wyhj; jyq;fs;)

93. ,kakiy njhz;ikahd kiy 450-500 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kw;gl;lit.

94. Neghsh kiyfspy; fsg;gzpfspy; <Lgl;lth; Nguhrphpah; n[uy;]P

95. Neghsj;jpy; md;dG+uzh njhlh; ,Ue;jJ.

96. fq;ifr; rkntsp ,kakiyfSf;F njw;Nf mike;Js;sJ.

97. fq;ifr; rkntsp Nkw;F fpof;fhf gue;J tphpe;Js;sJ.

98. kf;fs; mlh;j;jp mjpfk; cs;s ,lk; fq;ifr; rkntsp

99. fq;ifr; rkntspf;F Nkw;fpy; rl;ry[; rkntspAk;> fpof;fpy; gpuk;kGj;jpuh Mw;Wr; rkntspAk; ,e;jpahtpd; vy;iyapy; mike;Js;sJ.

100. ,e;jpahtpw;F ,uz;L jPTf;$l;lq;fs; cz;L1. me;jkhd;> epf;Nghhh; jPTfs;2. ,yl;rj; jPTfs;

101. me;jkhd;> epf;Nfhghh; jPTfs; tq;fhs tphpFlhf; flypy; mike;Js;sJ.

102. me;jkhd; jPTfs; nkhj;jk; rpwpJk; nghpJkhf 300 jPTfs; cs;sJ.

102. me;jkhd; jPTfspd; nkhj;j jPTfspy; 5 kl;LNk kf;fs; trpf;fpd;wdh;.

103. epf;Nfhghh; jPTfspd; ngUk; gFjpapy; kf;fs; trpf;fpd;wdh;.

104. mugpf;flypy; ,yl;rj; jPTfs;> kpdpf;fha;> mkpd;jptp jPTfs; cs;sd.

105. ,j;jPTfspy; cg;gq;fopfs;> gtsg;ghiwfs; Nghd;wit cs;sJ.

106. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s MWfis jPgfw;g ,e;jpa MWfs; kw;Wk; GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpa MWfs; vd ,Utifg;gLk;.

107. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; XLk; MWfs; ngUk;ghyhdit Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyfspy; cUthfpd;wd.

108. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; XLk; MWfs; njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;wpdhy; fdkioiag; ngWfpd;wd.

109. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; XLk; MWfs; kiog;nghopT ,Uf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; kl;Lk; ePh; cs;sJ.

110. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; XLk; MWfs; tw;Wk; MWfs; vd $wyhk;.

111. Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyfspy; cUthFk; MWfs; gPlG+kpg; gFjpapypUe;J fpof;F Nehf;fpg; gha;e;J tq;fflypy; fyf;fpd;wd.

112. fpof;F Nehf;fpg; ghAk; MWfs; kfhejp> Nfhjhthp> fpU\;zh> fhtphp

113. fhtphp fh;ehlfhtpYs;s FlFkiyapy; cUthfpd;wd.

114. fhtphp jkpo;ehl;by; gha;e;J jkpof;j;jpy; jpUr;rrp> jQ;ir> jpUth&h; Mfpa khtl;lq;fis tz;ly; rkntspfshf cUtf;fpd;wd.

115. Nfhjhthp> fpU\;zh MWfs; Me;jpuit tsg;gLj;Jf;fpd;wd.

116. jPgfw;g ,e;jpa MWfspy; Nfhjhthp kpf ePskhd MW

117. kfhejp xhprh khepyj;jpy; gha;fpd;wJ.

118. Nkw;F Nehf;fp gha;e;J mugpflypy; fyf;fk; ejpfs; eh;kij> jgjp

119. eh;kij> jgjp MWfs; jf;fhz gPlG+kpapd; tlNkw;Fg; gFjpapy; cs;s cah;epyq;fis cUthf;fpd;wd.

120. Gw jPgfw;g MWfs; ngUk;ghd;ikahdit ,kakiyapy; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

121. ,kakiy caukhf ,Ug;gjhy; gdp MWfs; cUthfpd;wd.

122. GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpa MWfs; gdp MWfspypUe;Jk;> kiofhyj;jpy; gUt kioapdhYk; ePiug; ngWfpd;wd. ,jdhy; Mz;L KOtJk; ePNuhl;lj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

123. fq;if MW ,kakiyapy; `hpj;Jthh; vd;w ,lj;jpy; rkntspia te;J milfpd;wJ.

124. fq;if nly;lhtpd; ngUk; tq;fhs Njrj;jpy; cs;sJ.

125. fpis ejpfspy; xd;whd `Pf;sp kl;Lk; ,e;jpahtpy; gha;fpd;wJ.

126. `Pf;sp ejpapy; jhd; ,e;jpahtpNyNa kpf mjpf msT cs;ehl;L ePh;topg;Nghf;Ftuj;J eilngWfpd;wJ.

127. `Pf;sp ejp nfhy;fj;jh Jiw Kfj;ijf; flYld; ,izf;fpd;wJ.

128. ilk;]pd; cyf KOik epytiug; glj;njhFjp mf;Nlhgh; 16 (2003)y; ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

129. rhf;fly; kw;Wk; rl; Vhp Nghd;w ePh;epiyfs; fhyepiy khw;wj;jhYk;> ePh;g;ghrd tsh;r;rpahYk; RUq;fp tUfpd;wd.

130. Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; kpf cau kiyahd lhd;rhdpahtpd; fpspkQ;rhNuhTk; xd;W. ,k;kiy 3 kPl;lh;fis ,oe;J 5892kP cauKs;sjhf epw;fpd;wd.

131. M];jpNuNyrpahtpNyNa kpf caukhd Kflhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w epA+rpyhe;jpd; Ff;kiy Rkhh; 10kP cauj;jpy; Fiwe;J 3>754 kPl;lUilajhf epw;fpd;wJ.

132. 1991y; Vw;gl;lg; ghiw kw;Wk; gdpfshyhd tPo;r;rpapd; fhuzkhfNt Ff;kiy cauk; Fiwe;jJ.

133. ,kakiyfspypUe;J cUthFk; Vida ,U MWfshd rpe;JTk;> gpuk;kGj;jpuhTk; ,e;jpahtpy; xU rpwpa gFjpapy; kl;Lk; gha;fpd;wd.

134. rpe;J ejpapd; ngUk; gfjp ghfp];jhdpYk;> gpuk;kGj;jpuhtpd; ngUk; gFjp jpngj;jpYk; gha;fpd;wd.

135. rpe;Jtpd; Jiz Mwhd rl;y[; kl;Lk; ,e;jpahtpy; tlNkw;fpy; gha;fpd;wJ.

136. rl;y[; ejpapd; kPJ cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa mizf;fl;lhd gf;uh eq;fy; ,e;jpa murhy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

137. ek;ik ghjpf;Fk; epfo;r;rp Kf;fpak; fhy epiy MFk;

138. R+hpadplkpUe;J ntspg;gLk; ntg;gk; Mz;L KOtJk; xNu msthf Gtpia te;jilAk;.

139. Gtpapy; Mz;L KOtJk; xNu khjphpahf ,y;yhky; ,lj;jpw;F ,lk; fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; NtWgLfpd;wJ. ,jw;f fhuzk; gUtfhyq;fs;

140. Gtp jdJ mr;rpy; 230 rha;tpy; Roy;fpd;wJ.

141. #hpad; khh;r;> nrg;lk;gh; khjq;fspy; epyeLf;Nfhl;by; kPJ Neuhfg; gpufhrpf;fpd;wJ.

142. flf ml;rj;jpy; [_d; khjKk;> kfu ml;rj;jpy; brk;gh; khjKk; #hpadpd; fjph;fs; nrq;Fj;jhf tpOfpd;wd.

144. khh;r; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiu #hpadpd; nrq;Fj;Jf; fjph;fs; tl miuf; Nfhsj;jpy; tpOf;dwd. ,it mjpfkhd ntg;gk; juf;$bait mjdhy; Nfhilf; fhyk; epyTfpd;wd.

145. tl miuf;Nfhsj;jpy; Nfhilf;fhyk; epyTk; NghJ #hpadpd; fjph;fs; njd; miuf;Nfhsj;jpy; tha;thf tpOtjhy; mq;F ntg;gk; FiwthfNt ,Uf;fk;. vdNt khh;r; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiu njd; miuf;Nfhsj;jpy; Fsph;fhyk;.

146. ,e;jpah epyeLf;Nfhl;bw;F tlf;fpy; 80 tl ml;rk; Kjyh; 370 tl ml;rk; tiu gutpAs;sJ.

147. tl miuf; Nfhsj;jpd; fhy epiy ,e;jpahtpw;F nghUe;Jk;.

148. ,e;jpahtpd; Nfhilfhyk; khh;r; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiu

149. jkpo;ehl;by; Nk khjj;jpy; cr;r ntg;g epiy fhzg;gLk;

150. ,e;jpahtpd; ntg;gg; guty; njw;fpypUe;J tlf;F Nehf;fp nry;yr; nry;y mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ.

151. Nfhilapy; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s flw;fiu xuq;fspYk;> kiyg;gFjpfspYk; kpjkhd ntg;gk; epyTk;

152. Nfhilapy; nrd;idapy; cs;s ntg;gj;ijf; fhl;bYk; kJiu> jpUr;rp Mfpa ,lq;fspy; Fiwthf ,Uf;fk;.

153. ,e;jpahtpy; nrg;lk;gh; Kjy; gpg;uthp tiu Fsph;fhyk;

154. Fsph;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; ntg;g epiy njw;Fg; gFjpiatpl tlf;fpy; kpff; FiwthfNt gjpthfpAs;sJ.

155. ,e;jpahtpy; Fsph;fhyj;jpy; flw;fiug; gFjpapy; ntg;gk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

156. njd; Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;wpdhy; Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfspd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; fdkio nghopfpd;wJ. Mz;bw;F 250 nr.kP Nky; kio nghopfpd;wJ.

157. njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;wpd; xU fpis mugpf; fliyf; fle;j filrpapy; fpof;fpy; cs;s jf;fhzgPlG+kp kio kiwTg; gpuNjrkhf khWfpd;wd.158. njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;wpd; kw;nwhU gFjp tq;fhs tphpFlhf; fliyf; fle;J ,e;jpahtpy; tlfpof;fpy; Eioe;j ,kakiyapdhy; jLf;fg;gl;L> ,jd; fhuzkhf ,kakiyapd; tlfpof;Fg; gFjpapy; 300 nr.kP Nky; kioia nfhLf;fpd;wJ.

159. njd;Nkw;Fg; gUtf;fhw;wpd; fhuzkhf fq;ifr; rkntspapy; KO mstpy; kioiaf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L ,Wjpapy; tlNkw;F gFjpapy; nrd;w nghOJ twz;L tpLtjhy; ghiytdk; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ,J jhh;ghiytdk; MFk;.

161. MWfs; xU rpwe;j mwptpg;Gf; fhuzpfs;

162. gpuk;kGj;jpuh ejp ,kakiyfspd; tlfpof;fpYs;s m];]hk; kiyf;Fd;Wfs; topahf ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; gha;fpd;wd. gpd;dh; tq;fhs Njrj;jpw;Fs; Eiofpd;wJ.

163. gpuk;kGj;jpuh ntspehl;by; cs;s ngah; rhk;Ng

164. gpuk;kGj;jpuh ejpapy; mbf;fb Vw;gLk; nts;sj;jpdhy; m];]hk; gPfhh; khepyq;fspy; nghpJk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

165. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpd; tlNkw;Fg; gFjp jf;fhz gpbg;G

166. njhl;lngl;lh mike;Js;s kiy ePyfphp kiy

167. fhtphpapy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;s miz Nkl;^h; miz (];lhd;yp miz)

168. fdpkq;fs; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk; gFjp Nrhl;lh ehf;G+h;

169. tlfpof;Fg; gUtf;fhw;W vd;gJ gpd;dilAk; gUtf;fhw;W vd;W ngah;

170. tlfpof;Fg; gUtf; fhw;wpdhy; GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpw;F kioiaf; nfhLg;gjpy;iy.

171. tlfpof;Fg; gUt fhw;wpdhy; tq;fhs tphpFlhf; fliyf; flf;Fk; NghJ <ug;gjj;ij ngw;W jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; fpof;Ff; flw;fiuia Nehf;fp tPRfpd;wd fhw;wpdhy; flw;fiu gFjpf;F kioiaf; nfhLf;fpd;wd.

172. tlfpof;Fg; gUt fhw;W njd;Nkw;F gUt fhw;iwg; Nghy fd kioiaf; nfhLg;gjpy;iy.

173. Fsph; fhyj;jpy; tq;ff;flypy; njhlh;e;J Gay;fs; vOtjhy; xU rpy khjq;fSf;F mf;Nlhgh; Kjy; brk;gh; tiu kioiaf; nfhLf;Fk;.

174. ,e;jpahtpd; tUlr; ruhrhp kioapd; msT 4000 fd fp.kP

175. MWfspy; ghAk; ePhpd; xl;lk; 1>869 fd fp.kP.

176. kio gUtfhyq;fspd; %d;W khjq;fspy; kl;LNk nga;tjhy;> gad;gLj;jf;$ba ePhpd; msT 690 f.fp.kP.

177. epyj;jb ePhpypUe;J Nky ,iwf;fg;gLk; ePhpd; tUlr; ruhrhp msT 432 f.fpkP.

178. nkhj;j ePhpd; gad;ghl;bw;F cs;sJ 1>122 f.fpkP.

179. ekJ ehl;bd; 20 Kf;fpa Mw;Wtbfhy;fspy; 6 tbfhy; gFjpfs; gw;whf;Fiwahy; mtjpAWfpd;wd.

180. ,aw;ifahdr; #o;epiyapy; kdpjdpd; <LghL ,y;yhky; tsUk; jhtuq;fs; ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fs;

181. flw;fiu xuq;fspy; fly; ePhpd; CLUtiyj; jLf;f kioePiur; Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

182. Rth;fspy; Vw;gLk; tphpry;fisj; jLf;f kioePiu Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

183. jhtu tsh;r;rpf;F Kf;fpa Mjhuk; (1) #hpa xsp (2) kiog;nghopT (3) kz;

184. ,e;jpahtpy; fhZk; ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fs; (1) kiyj; jhtuq;fs; (2) ,iyAjph;jhtuq;fs; (3) ghiytdj; jhtuq;fs;

185. kiyfspd; mbthuk; kw;Wk; fPo;r;rhpTfspy; ntg;gKk; kioAk; kpFjpahf ,Uf;fk;.

186. ,kakiyapd; tlfpof;Fg; gFjpfs;> Nkw;Fr; njhlh;r;rp kiyapd; tlfpof;Fg; gFjpfs;> Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyapd; Nkw;F rhptfs; mbthuj;jpy; Vwj;jho 1000kP tiu mlh;e;j fhLfs; cs;sd. (Mz;L KOtJk; gRikahf fhzg;gLtJ gRe;jhtuq;fs;)

187. vgpd;> NjtjhU> nrk;kuk; fUq;fhyp Nghd;wit gRe;jhtuq;fs;

188. Rkhh; 1000kP Kjy; 2500kP tiuahd cauj;jpy; ntg;gKk;> kioAk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;.

189. 1000kP Kjy; 2500kP tiuahd cauj;jpy; cs;sit fyg;Gf; fhLfs; cs;sd.

190. 2500kPf;F Nky; cs;s fhLfs; (ntg;gk; kpfkpff; Fiwe;J gdp epiwe;J cs;sJ) Crpapiyf;fhLfs;

191. 4000kPf;F Nky; jhtuq;fs; tsUtjw;fhd #o;epiy ,y;iy.

192. twl;rpia jhf;Fg;gpbf;f ,iyfis cjph;j;J tpLk; jhtuq;fs; ,iyAjph; fhLfs; vdg;gg;gLk;. ,e;jpahtpy; ,f;fhLfs; gUtkiof; fhLfs; vd $wg;gLfpd;wd.

193. ,kakiy mbthuj;jpd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; ,iyAjph; fhLfs; cs;sd.

194. Njf;F> rhy;> nrk;kuk;> re;jdkuk;> %q;fpy; Nghd;wit ,iyAjph; jhtuq;fs;

195. Mz;L KOtJk; mjpf ntg;gj;ijAk;> xU rpy rkq;fspy; kl;LNk kiog;nghopitAk; nfhz;Ls;s gFjpapy; ghiytdj; jhtuq;fs; tsUk; gFjp (rg;ghj;jpf;fs;sp> fw;whio)

196. rJg;G epyj;jhtuk; ,e;jpahtpd; fpof;Ff; flw;fiuNahuf; fopKfg; gFjpapy; cs;sd. ,tw;wpf;F flypd; miy %yfkhfTk;> Xjq;fs; %yKk; ve;NeuKk; ePh; fpilf;fpd;wd.

197. fq;ifejpf; fopKfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; rJg;G epyj;jhtuq;fs; Re;jutdk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

198. rJg;G epyj;jhtuk; kfhepjp> Nfhjhthp> fpU\;zh ejp fopKfq;fspYk;> me;jkhd; epf;Nfhghh; jPTfs; fopKfq;fspYk; cs;sd.

199. ,e;jpahtpy; 1894 Kjy; fhLfs; nfhs;if filgpbf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

200. fhLfspd; nfhs;if 1952 jpUj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; 1988k; Mz;L fhLfspd; nfhs;if Kf;fpa mk;rkhf tpsq;fpaJ.

201. fhLfs; mope;J tUtjhy; Mz;LNjhWk; 1.5 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh; epyq;fSk;> kw;w fhuzq;fshy; 1 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh; epyq;fSk; tPzhf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

202. kiyr; rhpTfspy; fhLfs; ,y;iynadpy; nts;sk; mjpfhpj;J> tz;ly; kz; gbTfs; tay;fspy; gbe;J gaph;fSf;F Nrjk; tpistpf;Fk;.

203. Nluh^dpYs;s tdj;Jiw Muha;r;rp epWtdk; fhl;Lg; nghUl;fs; njhlh;ghd gy;NtW Muha;r;rpfs; Nkw;nfhz;L kuq;fspd; Neha;fisj; jLg;gJ> cw;gj;jp jpwid mjpfhpg;gJ Nghd;w Ma;Tfs; nray;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

204. 1950 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ehnlq;fpYk; kuk; eLtpoh [{iy kw;Wk; Mf];L khjq;fspy; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd.

205. kpFe;j mstpy; gad;jUk; kuq;fis tsh;j;J Nka;r;ry; trjpiag; ngUf;FtJ – Fkhp gaph; Kiw

206. fhl;byhfh epyq;fisf; Fj;jiff;F vLf;Fk; epykpy;yh Viofs; - Fkhpjhh;fs;

207. jkpo;ehl;by; 1984 Mk; Mz;bd; rh;Ntapd;gb fhLfspd; nkhj;j gug;G 21.2 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh;

208. jkpofj;jpy; nkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; 17 tpOf;fhl;Lg; gFjpfs; fhLfs;

209. Gtpapd; jhtuq;fs; NtUd;wp tsu kz;Nz Mjhuk;.

210. ghiwfspYs;s jhJf;fspd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g kz;zpd; gz;Gfs; khWgLfpd;wd.

211. ,e;jpahtpd; flw;fiuNahug;gFjpfs;> Mw;Wg; gLiffs;> Xilfs; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; kzy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

212. kzy;fspy; ePh; Njq;Ftjpy;iy. kzYf;f <uj;ijj; jhq;Fk; rf;jp FiwT> kzy; jhtu tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;wj;jy;y.

213. njd;id> rTf;F> Ke;jphp Nghd;w kuq;fs; kzw;ghq;fhd ,lq;fspy; ed;F tsh;fpd;wd.

241. ghiy tdq;fspy; jhJ cg;GfSk;> gh];guRk; ,Ug;gjdhy; ghrd trjp ,Ug;gpd; gaph; nra;a ,aYk;.

215. ,e;jpahtpy; fq;ifr; rkntsp kpfg;nghpa tz;ly; kz; rkntspahFk;.

216. jkpofj;jpy; fhtphp MW tz;ly; kz; rkntspia jQ;ir> ehif khtl;llq;fspYk; cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

217. tz;ly; kz;zpy; NfhJik> ney;> fUk;G> thio Nghd;wit ed;F tsUk;.

218. tz;ly; kz; kioePiuj; Njf;fp <uj;ijj; jhq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ.

219. Mw;Wf; fopKfq;fspy; tz;ly; kz;zpy; fly;ePh; mjpfk; NrUtjhy; rJg;G epyq;fs; cUthfpd;wd.

220. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; cUkhwpag; ghiwfspy; cs;s ,Uk;G Mf;i]L kz;zpw;Fr; nre;epwj;ij mspf;fpd;wJ.

221. nrk;kz; xusT ePhpiz cwpQ;rp Fiwthd ePiu Njf;fp itj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd.

222. nrk;kz; Rkhuhd tsKila kz;. ,tw;wpy; mtiu> Jtiu> epyf;liy Mkzf;F Nghd;w gaph;fs; tsu kpTk; Vw;w kz;.

223. ,e;jpahtpy; nrk;kz; mjpf msT cs;s khepyk; jkpo;ehL

224. jf;fhz gPlG+kpapd; tlNkw;Fg; gFjpapy; fhpry; kz; mjpf mstpy; cs;sJ.

225. fhpry; kz; Jfs;fSf;fpilNa ,ilntsp kpff; Fiwthf ,Uf;fk;.

226. fhpry; kz; kioePiu tpiutpy; CwpQ;rhJ. Mdhy; cwpQ;rpa ePiu mjpf ehl;fs; jf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;.

227. fhpry; kz; gaph; cw;gj;jpw;F Vw;wJ.

228. fhpry; kz; - gUj;jp> Gifapiy> kpsfha;> vz;nza; tpj;Jf;fs;> fk;G> Nrhsk;> jpiz Nghd;w jhdpa tiffSk; ed;whf tsUk;.

229. kiyfspd; mbthuj;jpy; fhl;L kz; cs;sJ.

230. ,kakiy> Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiy> fpof;Fkiyf; Fd;Wfs; jPgfw;g ,w;jpahtpd; cah;gFjpfspYk; fhl;L kz; cs;sJ.

231. Njhl;lg; gaph;fSf;Fk;> rhiyfs; mikf;fTk; gad;gLk; kz;> JUf;fy; kz;.

232. kiyr; rhpTfspy; cs;s kz; tskw;w kz;

232. ,e;jpahtpy; nkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; 20% epyg;gug;G kz;zhpg;gpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

233. kiyg;gFjp gPlG+kpgFjpfspYk; kz;zhpg;G mjpf mstpy; cs;sJ.

234. kz;tsk; ghJfhj;jYf;F gaph;r; Row;rp Kiw xd;W

235. ,e;jpah mbg;gilapy; tptrha ehL

236. ,e;jpahtpy; 47% kf;fs; Ntshz;ik njhopy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh;.

237. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; murp Kjd;ik czthFk;.

238.jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; ey;nyz;nza;> Njq;fha; vz;nza;> fliy vz;nza; Kjypad rikay; vz;nza;fhsfTk; gad;gLfpd;wd.

239. GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; NfhJik Kjd;ik czTg;nghUs; fLF vz;nza; rikay; vz;nzahfTk; gad;gLfpd;wd.

240. jPgfw;g ,e;jpag; gaph;fs; ney;> fUk;G> jpiz tiffs;> gUg;G tiffs;> vz;nza; tpj;Jf;fs;> gUg;G> fhg;gp Kjypait Kf;fpakhd rhFgbg; gaph;fs;

241. jpiz tiffs;> gUg;g tiffs;> vz;nza; tpj;Jf;fs; Kjyhidit twz;l #o;epiyapYk; tsuf;$ba gaph;fshFk;.

242. fhg;gpg; gapuhdJ kiyr; rhpTfspy; nropj;J tsuf;$bait.

243. ney; xU ed;nra; gaph;> ,jw;F mjpf ntg;gk;> mjpf kio> tskhd kz; mtrpak;.

244. new;fjph;fs; tsUk; gUtj;jpy; tay;fspy; ePh; Njq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. fjph;fs; Kjph;e;j gpd; mWtil nra;Ak; NghJ <ukhd kz;Zk;> twz;l fhyepiyAk; epyt Ntz;Lk;.

245. nfhy;ypkiyapy; kioia kl;Lk; ek;gp ney; rhFgb nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

246. ,e;jpahtpy; fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntsp new;gaph; rhFgbf;F Vw;w epyg;gug;ghFk;.

247. ,e;jpahtpy; fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntspapy; khh;r; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiu VO khjq;fSf;F mjpf ntg;gk; epyTfpd;wd.

248. new;gapUf;Fj; Njitahd kiog;nghopT tlfpof;Fg; gUtf;fhw;wpdhy; fpilf;fpd;wd.

249. nropg;ghd tz;ly; kz; nfhz;l nly;lh gFjp fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntsp (MWfs; %yk;)

250. fpof;Ff; flw;fiur; rkntsp jkpo;ehL> Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;> xhprh

251. ,e;jpahtpy; new;rhfgbapy; Me;jpu khepyk; Kjy; ,lj;ijAk;> jkpo;ehL ,uz;lhk; ,lj;ijAk; tfpf;fpd;wd.

252. jkpo;ehl;bd; new;fsQ;rpak; jQ;ir khtl;lk;

253. jQ;irapy; rk;gh> FWit> jhsb Nghd;wit gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.

254. rk;gh xU ePz;lf; fhyg; gaph; (5 my;yJ 6 khjq;fs;) FWit 3>4 khj fhyg;gaph;

255. new;gaph; mWtilf;F gpd; cSe;J> Jtiu> gaW Nghd;w gUg;G tiffs; gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.

256. new;gaph; mWtilia xl;bNa [dthp khjj;jpy; mWtil tpoh nghq;fs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

257. jQ;ir khtl;lj;jpy; MLJiwapy; ney;Yf;fhd tl;l Muha;r;rp epiyak; cs;sJ. MLJiw 27 (ADT 27) MLJiw 5 (ADT 50) Nghd;wit MLJiw Muha;r;rp epiyak; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.

258. ney;gaph; Kw;wpa gpwF epyj;jpy; rhahky; epw;gJ MLJiw 27 (ADT 27)> MLJiw 50 (ADT 50) tptrhapfspilNa ey;y tuNtw;igg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

259. fUk;G xU ed;nra; gaph; ,jw;F mjpf ePUk; mjpf ntg;g epiyAk; Njit. ntg;gk; mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f fUk;gpd; tsh;r;rp JhpjkhFk;. fUk;G tsu vl;L khjf; fhyj;jpw;F ePh; Njit.

260. fUk;G tsu tz;ly; kz;> fhpry; kz;fspy; ed;F tsUk;.,J xU tUlg;gaph; (gj;J khjj;jpw;F mWtilf;F tUk;)

261. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; flw;fiur; rkntspapy; cs;s nly;lhg; gFjpfspy; fUk;G tsu Vw;w #o;epiy cs;sJ.

262. ,e;jpahtpy; ePz;l Nfhilf;fhyKk;> kpjkhd kiog;nghypTk; ePh;g;ghrdKk; fUk;G tsu Vw;wJ.

263. fUk;gpy; Rf;Nuh]; vd;w ,dpg;Gr; rj;J cs;sJ.

264. fUk;G Kjph;e;j gpd; mjpf kiog;nghopT Vw;gbd; mjpYs;s Rf;Nuh]pd; msT Fiwe;J rh;f;fiuapd; msT FiwAk;.

265. njd; F[uhj;> k`huh\;buk;> fh;ehlfh> jkpo;ehL> Me;jpugpuNjrk; Mfpa khepyq;fspy; ePh;g;ghrd trjpAld; fUk;Gr; rhFgb eilngWfpd;wd.

266. fh;ehlhf khepyj;jpd; kz;bah khtl;lk;> fhtphpapd; fiuNahuj;jpy; fUk;G ed;F tpisfpd;wJ.

267. `tha;;j; jPTfspy; xU rhFgbapy; ,Ue;J VO-vl;L Kiw fUk;G tsh;e;J mWtilahFk;. ,e;jpahtpy; ,uz;L-%d;W KiwNa fl;ilf; fUk;G tsUfpd;wJ.

268. jpiz tiffs;> gUg;G tiffs; kw;Wk; vz;nza; tpj;Jfs; Mfpait Gd;nra;g; gaph;fshFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; jf;fhzg; gPlG+kpapy; epyTk; #o;epiy ,g;gaph;fSf;F Vw;wJ.

269. jf;fhzg; gPlG+kpapy; gFjpapy; tsk; Fd;wpa nrk;kz; gutpAs;sJ.

270. jpiz tiffs; - Nfo;tuF> Nrhsk;> fk;G vz;nza; tpj;Jf;fs; - fLF> epyf;fliy> vs;> Mkzf;F> ,Yg;iggUg;G tiffs; - Jtiu> cSe;J> gapW

271. jf;fhzg; gPlG+kpapd; ngUk;gFjp fh;ehlf khepyj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,q;F jpizg; gaph; kw;Wk; gUg;G ed;F gapuhfpd;wd.

272. jkpo;ehL> Me;jpuhtpy; vz;nza; tpj;Jf;fs; mjpfkhfg; gapuhfpd;wJ.

273. Nfushtpd; flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfspy; njd;id> Ke;jphp Nghd;w vz;nza; gaph;fs; mjpfkhf tpispf;dwd.

274. jf;fhzg; gPlG+kp fh;ehlfk;> jkpo;ehL> Me;jpug; gpuNjrdk; Mfpa khepyq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. (,q;F vz;nza; gaph;fs; rhFgb nra;ag;gLfpd;wd)

275. gUj;jp ,e;jpahtpd; Kjd;ikahd ehw;gaph;

276. gUj;jpf;F mjpf ntg;gk;> kpFe;j ePh; trjpapYk; tskhd kz; Njit

277. jf;fhzg; gPlG+kpapd; tl Nkw;Fg; gFjpfshd kfhuh\;buk;> F[uhj;jpd; njd;gFjp Mfpa gFjpfspy; tskhd fhpry; kz; gutpAs;sJ.

278. gUj;jp kz; vd;gJ fhpry; kz;

279. kfhuh\;buk; kpf mjpfkhf gUj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; khepykhFk;.

280. jkpo; ehl;by; Nkw;F kw;Wk; njd; khtl;lq;fspy; 6 gUj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

281. fhg;gp xU gzg;gaph;

282. fhg;gpf;F kpjkhd ntg;gKk;> epoYk;> rPuhd kiog; nghopTk; Njit. Kf;fpakhf kioePh; Nth;fspy; Njq;ff;$lhJ.

283. fhg;gpr; nrbfs; kior; rhpTfspy; ed;F tpisfpd;wd.

284. ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyg;gFjpfshd fh;ehlfk;> Nfush> jkpo;ehL Mfpa khepyq;fspy; fhg;gp tsu Vw;w #o;epiyfs;

285. fh;ehlfj;jpy; FlFkiy kw;Wk; jkpo;ehl;by; godp kiyapy; fhg;gp gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.

286. ,e;jpahtpy; 80% Nky; fh;ehlfhtpy; fhg;gp gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.

287. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjypy; fh;ehlfhtpy; jhd; fhg;gp gaphplg;gl;lJ. ,ij ghghGjhd; vd;Dk; K];yPk; nkf;fhtpw;F Gdpj ahj;jpiu nrd;W jpUk;gpa NghJ fhg;gpr; nrbiaf; FlFj; njhlhpy; el;lhh;.

288. fhg;gpiaj; jtpu NjapiyAk; ,e;jpahtpy; gapuhfpd;wJ. ,jw;F fhg;gpia tplf; Fiwe;j ntg;gNk Njapiyf;Fj; Njit.

289. Nfushtpy; taehL> fz;zd;Njtd; gFjpfspYk; jkpo;ehl;by; ePyfphp> MidkiyapYk; Njapiyr; rhFg;gb nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

290. Gifapiy> ug;gh; kw;Wk; eWkzg; gaph;fs; ,e;jpahtpy; fpilf;fpd;wd. Gifapiy Me;jpuh kw;Wk; F[uhj; khepyq;fspd; flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfspYk;> ug;gh; kw;Wk; eWkzg; gaph;fshd kpsF> Vyf;fha;> ,ytq;fk; Nghd;wit Nfushtpy; Nkw;F kiyj; njhlhpd; rhpTfspy; gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.

291. GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpa gaph;fs; : (1) NfhJik (2) ney; (3) fUk;G (4) jpizg; gaph;fs; (5) gUg;G tiffs; (6) vz;nza; tpj;Jf;fs; (7) Njapiy (8) rzy;

292. NfhJik xU Gd;nra; gaph;

293. NfhJik tpistjw;F gue;j epyg;gug;G> kpjntg;gk;> kpjkio> tskhd kz; mtrpak;

294. NfhJik ePz;l tsh;gUt gaph;> NfhJik tsUk; gUtj;jpy; gdpaw;w epiyAk;> kpj ntg;gKk; Njit.

295. GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; fq;ifr; rkntsp> mjd; tlNkw;Nf mike;Js;s rl;y[; rkntspfspy; NfhJik rhFgb nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

296. rl;y[; ejpapd; FWf;Nf gf;uheq;fy; mizfl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

297. rl;y[; rkntspapy; mike;Js;s gQ;rhg;> `hpahdh> cj;jpugpuNjr khepyq;fspy; NfhJikr; rhFgb Kjd;ikahdjhf cs;sJ.

298. gQ;rhg; NfhJikr; rhFgbapy; ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; ,lKk;. c.gp. ,uz;lhk; ,lKk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

299. ,e;jpahtpd; NfhJikf; fsQ;rpak; - gQ;rhg;

300. NfhJik Fsph;fhyf; NfhJik> tre;jfhyf; NfhJik vd ,U tifg;gLk;. ,jpy; ePz;l tsh; gUtk; nfhz;lJ – Fsph;fhyf; NfhJik ,J 6 khj fhyg;gaph;> juKk; cah;e;jJ.

301. tre;jfhyf; NfhJik FWfpa fhyg;gaph;. ,t;tif NfhJik fbdkhf cs;sJ. ,J 4 khj fhyg;gaph;> khh;r; khjj;jpy; mWtilianahl;bNa N`hypg; gz;bif nfhz;lhg;gLfpd;wJ.

302. ,e;ejpahtpNyNa mjpf ney; rhFgb eilngWk; khepyk; Nkw;F tq;fhsk;. NkYk; m];]hkpYk; xusT ney; tpisfpd;wJ.

303. GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpd; fq;ifr; rkntspapYs;s cj;jpugpuNjrk;> gPfhh;> Nkw;F tq;fhsk; Mfpa khepyq;fpsy; fUk;G ed;F rhFgb MfpwJ.

304. fUk;G cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpahtpy; Kjyplk; tfpg;gJ cj;jpugpuNjrk;. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahit tpl ,q;F tpisAk; fUk;gpy; Rf;Nuh]; Fiwthf cs;sJ.

305. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; gapuhFk; jpizg;gaph;fist pl GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; jpizg;gaph;fs; rj;Jkpf;fit.

306. Fsph;fhy epiyfisj; jhq;ff;$ba jpidg; gaph;fs; ghh;yp> kf;fhr;Nrhsk; (GwjPgfw;g gaph;fs;)

307. jpizg; gaph;fs; gQ;rhg;> mhpahdh> kj;jpagpuNjrk;> uh[];jhd; Mfpa khepyq;fspy; tpisfpd;wd.

307. kj;jpagpuNjrk;> gPfhh;> Nkw;Ftq;fhsk; Mfpa gFjpfspy; gUg;G tiffSk; gapuhfpd;wd.

308. kj;jpag; gpuNjr khepyk; gUg;G tiffs; ,e;jpa mstpy; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

309. ,e;jpa mstpy; Njapiy mjpfkhfr; rhFgb nra;Ak; khepyk; m];]hk; Kjyplk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

310. Nkw;F tq;fhsk; lhh;[pypq;fpy; Njapiy rhFgb rpwg;ghf eilngWfpd;wd.

311. rzy; cw;gj;jpapy; Kjyplk; Nkw;F tq;fhsk;

312. fh\;kPh; gs;sj;jhf;F> MuQ;R> Mg;gps;> nrh;hp Mfpa gotiffSk;g; ngah; ngw;wJ.

313. ePz;l ,iog;gUj;jp Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rpwg;G tha;e;jJ ,J gQ;rhgpy; tpisfpd;wd.

314. ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa ePh; EfUk; Jiw – Ntshz;ik (nkhj;j gad;ghl;by; 80% ,j;Jiwf;F gad;gLfpd;wd)

315. ePh; EfUk; Jiwapy; ePh;ghrdNk kpfg; nghpaJ.

316. ePh;ghrdk; 1951k; tUlk; 22.6 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh;fshfTk; czT cw;gj;jp 50 kpy;ypad; ld;fs; ,Ue;jJ.

jw;NghJ ePh;g;ghrdk; 100 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh;fs;> czT cw;gj;jp 200 kpy;ypad; ld;fs;.

317. ,e;jpahtpd; xl;Lnkhj;j ePh;g;ghrdj; jpus; 139.89 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh;fs;. ,tw;wpy; Kjd;ik kw;Wk; eLepiy ePHghrdk; 58.46 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh;fs;> rpW ePh;ghrdk; 81.43 kpy;ypad; n`f;Nlh;fs; (rhpahd jfty; ePh;ghrd jpws; 113.50 kp.n`f;Nlh;)

318. ,e;jpah czT cw;gj;jpay; jd;dpiwtitg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

319. cyfpy; 840 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; czTg; ghJfhg;gpd;wp trpf;fpd;wdh;.

320. tsUk; ehLfspy; 799 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; czTg; ghJfhg;gpd;wp cs;sdh;.

321. czT cw;gj;jpay; 2015 Mz;Lf;Fs; czT ghJfhg;gpw;F cj;jputhjk; mspf;Fk; tifapy; 1996 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w czT cw;gj;jpapd; cr;rp khehby; jPh;khdk; nfhz;L te;Js;sJ.

322. ,e;jpah czTf; fofj;jpy; vg;nghOJk; mjpfgl;rkhd 62 kpy;ypad; ld;fSf;F Nky; czT nghUs; cs;sJ ,J ekf;F xuhz;bw;F Njitahd 20 kpy;ypad; ld;fistpl mjpfkhFk;.

323. jw;NghJ ,e;jpahtpy; 200 kpy;ypad; kf;fSf;F czT fpilf;fpd;wJ.Mdhy; 50 kp.kf;fSf;F czT gw;wf;Fiw ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.

324. czTg; nghUl;fspd; tpepNahf tpiyahdJ tWik Nfhl;bw;F fPo; cs;sth;fs;. tWik Nfhl;bw;F Nky; cs;sth;fs; gw;wpa epiyapdUf;F Vw;g tpiy eph;zak; nra;ag;gLk;.

325. nghJ tpepNahf Kiwapy; tpiyahdJ kpfTk; rhpfpd;w fhuzk; tWikf; Nfhl;bw;Ff; fPo; cs;s kf;fspd; tpiyiaf; fhl;bYk; tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F Nky; cs;sth;fs; thq;Fk; jpwd; Nkyhf cs;sJ.

326. nghJtpepNahf Kiwapy; tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; cs;s kf;fspd; czTg; nghUs;fspd; Njit 25% kl;LNk G+h;j;jp nra;fpd;wJ.

327. cah;thd> tsh;r;rpaike;j rKjha egh;fs; - kdpjh;fs;.

328. kdpjdpd; mbg;gilj; Njitfs; - czT> cil> ciwtplk;

329. %yg;nghUs;fs; mbg;gilapy; njhopy;fs;1. jhJ nghUl;fs; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs;2. fhl;Lg; nghUl;fs; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs;3. tptrhag; nghUl;fs; rhh;e;j njhopyfk;

330. ,e;jpahtpy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; nghpJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngUtJ ,Uk;Gj;jhJ> kq;fdPR> jq;fk;> jhkpuk;> nts;sp> mYkpdpak;

331. ,e;jpah ehl;bd; njhopy; tsh;r;rpf;F ,d;wpaikahjJ - ,Uk;Gj;jhJ> kq;fdPR

332. ,e;jpahtpy; cNyhfj;jhJ kpFjpahf fhzg;gLtJ gPfhh;> xhprh> Nkw;Ftq;fhsk; (,Uk;Gj;jhJ> kq;fdPR mjpfk; fpilf;fpd;wdJ)

333. fh;elhf khepyj;jpYs;s Nfhyhhpy; jq;fk; ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;lJ (jw;NghJ %lg;gl;L cs;sJ)

334. jkpo;ehl;by; mYkpdpaj; jhthd ghf;i]l;L mjpf mstpy; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

335. cNyhfky;yhj jhJf;fs; ikfh> Rz;zhk;Gf;fy;> [pg;rk;

336. cNyhfky;yhj jhJf;fs; Me;jpuh> ,uh[];jhd;> jkpo;ehL kw;Wk; kj;jpagpuNjrk; Nghd;w khepyq;fspy; fpilf;fpd;wd.

337. vhpnghUs; tsq;fs; - epyf;fhp> ngl;Nuhypak;> ,aw;if thA

338. ehl;bd; nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wjpy; vhpnghUs; tsq;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wd.

339. njhopy; Jiwapd; Jhpj tsh;r;rpf;F ngl;Nuhypa nghUl;fs; nghpJk; cjTfpd;wd.

340. ,e;Ehw;whz;bd; Kjd;ikahd vhpnghUs; ngl;Nuhypak;

341. ngl;Nuhypak; mrhk;> kfhuh\;uk; Mfpa khepyq;fspy; kpFjpahf fpilf;fpd;wd. jkpo;ehl;by; fhtphp nly;lhg; gFjpfspy; ngl;Nuhypak; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

342. ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpakhd rf;jp %yk; - epyf;fhp

343. ,e;jpahtpd; rf;jp %yk;fspd; Njitia 67% (mdy; kpd;rf;jp jahhpg;G) epyf;fhp G+h;j;jp nra;fpd;wdJ.

344. ,e;jpahtpd; njhopy; tsh;r;rpf;F Kf;fpakhd gq;F – epyf;fhp

345. gOg;G epyf;fhp jkpo;ehl;by; nea;Ntyp kw;Wk; jw;NghJ n[aq;nfhz;lj;jpy; gOg;G epyf;fhp ,Ug;gJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

346. nghfhNuh> Jh;fhG+h;> gpyha;> Uh;Nfyh> [hk;n\l;G+h; gj;jpuhtjp Nryk;> tprhfg;gl;bdk;> `h];ngl; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; ,Uk;G v/F njhopyfq;fs; cs;sd.

347. ,e;jpahtpy; Jtf;fg;gl;l jdpahh; Jiwapduhy; epWtg;gl;l nghpa mstpy; ,Uk;G v/Fj; njhopyfk; jpU.[hk;n\l;[; nehth[p lhl;lh vd;gth; 1907y; Jtf;fpdhh;.

348. ,Uk;G v/Fj; njhopw;rhiyf;F Njitg;gLk; Kf;fpa %yg;nghUl;fs; ,Uk;G kw;Wk; epyf;fhp (kw;Wk; kq;fPdPR> Rz;zhk;Gf;fy;> lhyikl;)

349. ,Uk;Gj;jhJ gPfhh; kw;Wk; xhprh khepyq;fspd; fpilf;fpd;wd.

350. epyf;fhp jhNkhjh; gs;sj;jhf;Fg; gFjpapy; fpilf;fpd;wd.

351. kq;fdPR> gPfhhpYk;> lhyikl; xhprhtpYk; fpilf;fpd;wd.

352. [hk;n\l;G+h; njhopw;rhiyf;Fj; Njitahd jz;zPuhdJ Rth;zNufh Mw;wpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;wd.

353. ,uapy; vQ;rpd; jahhpg;G rpj;juQ;rd; (Nkw;F tq;fhsk;)

354. ,uapy; ngl;b jahhpg;gJ nguk;G+h; (jkpo;ehL)

355. ,e;jpahtpy; vz;nza; Rj;jpfhpg;G epiyaq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; JiwKfq;fSf;F mUfpNy mike;Js;sJ.

356. ,e;jpahtpy; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l vz;nzahdJ Foha; topahf njhopw;gFjpfSf;F mDg;gg;gLfpd;wJ.

357. ,e;jpah fhLfspy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; kuq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; fl;blq;fs; fl;lTk;> njhopyfq;fs; fl;lTk;> kur;rhkhd;fs; nra;a gad;gLfpd;wd.

358. Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyg;gFjpapy; ,ug;gh; kuq;fs; kpFjpahf tsh;fpd;wd. (jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; ,ug;gh; nghUl;fs; kpFjpahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.)

359. fhLfspYs;s kuq;fspypUe;J jahhpf;Fk; kuf;$iof;nfhz;L fhfpjk; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpy; jkpo;ehL> kfhuh\;buk;> Nkw;F tq;fhsk; kj;jpag;gpuNjrk; Mfpa khepyq;fspy; fhfpjj; njhopyfq;fs; kpFjpahf cs;sJ.

360. Fbirj; njhopy;fspd; Kf;fpa tsh;r;rpf;F Mjhuk; fhLfspy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; ngwg;gLk; nghUl;fs;.

361. njhopyfq;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; fr;rhg;nghUl;fs; Ntshz; gaph;fspypUe;J fpilf;fpd;wd.

362. cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;> jkpo;ehL> Me;jpuh khepyq;fspy; fUk;G nghUk;ghyhd gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.

363. rh;f;fiu Miyfspd; guty;> cj;jpugpuNjrk;> jkpo;ehL khepyq;fspy; kpFjpahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

364. ,e;jpahtpy; Kk;igapy; gUj;jp nerthiyfs; nrwpe;J cs;sJ.

365. gUj;jp nerthiyfs; Kjd;Kjypy; Kk;igapy; jhd; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

366. Kk;igapd; gpd;epyg;gFjp gUj;jp tpistjw;F Vw;w ,lkhf cs;sJ.

367. ,e;jpahtpd; khd;nr];lh; - Kk;ig

368. jkpo;ehl;by; kJiu> NfhaKj;Jhh; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; gUj;jp nerthiyfs; mjpfkhf cs;sJ.

369. jkpo;ehl;bd; khd;nr];lh; - NfhaKj;Jhh;

370. ekJ ehl;bd; nghpJk; khRgl;Ls;s njhopyfq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 17

371. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s nkhj;j njhopyfk; 1551

372. 1266 njhopyf tiffspy; khRf;fl;Lg;ghl;L trjpfs; epWtg;ngw;Ws;sd.

373. 130 njhopyf tiffs; khriljy; fhuzkhf %lg;gl;Ltpl;ld.

374. ehl;bd; khRgl;Ls;s gFjpfs; 1. thg;gp (F[uhj;) 2. rpq;fNuyp (cg) 3. Nfhh;gh> ,uhl;yk;> eflh (kgp) 4. bf;gha; (mrhk;) 5. jyr;Nrh; (xhprh) 6. gj;uhtjp (fh;ehlfh) 7. ft;uh (Nk.t) 8. jd;ghj; (gPfhh;) 9.ghyp> N[hj;G+h; (,uh[];jhd; 10. kzyp> tlMw;fhL (jkpo;ehL) 11. tprhfg;gl;bdk;> gl;ld; NrW (Me;jpuh) 12. nrk;G+h; (kfhuh\;buk;) 13. e[hg;fhh; (nly;yp) 14. Nfhtpe;jfhh; (gQ;rhg;) 15. cjaf; kz;ly; (Nfush) 16. lhh;tNdh> fyhk;g; (,khryg; gpuNjrk;)

375. Nkw;F tq;fhsk; khepyj;jpy; rzy; kpFjpah cs;sjhy; njhopw;rhiyfs; Fwpg;ghf `Pf;sp ejpf;fiuapy; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

376. Nkw;F tq;fhsk; fk;gsp nerthiyfs;> gl;L nerthiyfs; nraw;if ,io jahhpg;G mjpfk; cs;sJ.

377. ehl;bd; me;epar; nrythzpr; Nrkpg;G 90 kpy;ypad; lhyh;fSf;F mjpfkhf cs;sJ. MrpahtpNyNa %d;whtJ nghpa Nrkpg;G ehlfh cs;sJ.

378. ehl;bd; nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F Kf;fpak; njhopyfq;fs;

379. xU ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpAk;> Kd;Ndw;wj;jpYk; ngUk; gq;F tfpg;gJ – Nritfs;

380. xU ehl;bd; Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs;> fy;tp eytho;T kw;Wk; tPl;Ltrjp Mfpait ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpf;F nghpJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWtJ – Nritfs;

381. xU ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpapYk; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpYk; KJnfYk;ghf ,Ug;gJ – Nghf;Ftuj;J> epyj;Njw;wKk;

382. rkntspg;gFjpapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J mlh;j;jpahfTk;> gPlG+kp kw;Wk; fuLKulhd kiyg;gFjpfspy; Nghf;Ftuj;J tsh;r;rp ngwhj epiy cs;sJ.

383. ,e;jpag; Nghf;Ftuj;J mbg;gil ghpkhzq;fs; 1. ,uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J 2. rhiyg;Nghf;Ftuj;J3. ePh;topg;Nghf;Ftuj;J 4. thd;topg; Nghf;Ftuj;J

384. MrpahtpNyNa ,e;jpahtpy; jhd; ,uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J kpfTk; mlh;j;jpahf cs;sJ.

385. ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ug;Gghij nghpa efuq;fisAk;> rpwpa efuq;fisAk; ,izf;Fk; tifapy; cs;sJ.

386. ,e;jpa ,Ug;Gg; ghijahdJ 9 kz;lyq;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.1. kj;jpa ,uapy; kz;lyk; - Kk;ig2. fpof;F ,uapy; kz;lyk; - nfhy;fj;jh3. tlf;F ,uapy; kz;lyk; - GJnly;yp4. tlfpof;F ,uapy; kz;lyk; - Nfhuf;G+h;5. tlfpof;F vy;iyg; gFjp kz;lyk; - khypfhd;6. njd;df ,uapy; kz;lyk; - nrd;id7. njd;fpof;F ,uapy; kz;lyk; - nrfe;jpuhghj;8. njd;fpof;F ,uapy; kz;lyk; - nfhy;fj;jh9. Nkw;F ,uapy; kz;lyk; - Kk;ig – rh;r;Nfl;

387. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J 1853y; Jtf;fk;

388. Kjy; ,uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kk;igf;Fk; jhdhtpw;Fk; ,ilNa 34 fpkP Jhuk;

389. ,e;jpahtpd; uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J 1. mfd;w ,Ug;Gg; ghij2. kPl;lh; ,Ug;Gg; ghij3. FWfpa ,Ug;Gg; ghij

390. mjpNtf uapy;fs; nrd;idf;Fk; - GJnly;ypf;Fk;nrd;idf;Fk; - Nfhitf;Fk;nrd;idf;Fk; - ikRUf;Fk;,ilNa rjhg;jp mjpNtf ,uapy;fs; xLfpd;wJ.

391. GJnly;ypf;Fk; - Kk;igf;Fk; ,ilNa nry;Yk; mjpNtf ,uapy; xLfpd;wd.

392. uh[];jhdpy; xlf;$ba muz;kid ,uhrjhdp ,uapy; xLfpd;wd.

393. ,e;jpa mjpNtf ,uapypy; gazk; nra;Ak; gazpfSf;Ff; fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lk; mwpKfk; nra;j Mz;L 1994

394. midj;J FbapUg;Gg; gFjpfisAk; ,izg;gJ rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;J

395. khepy neLQ;rhiyfs; khepyj;jpd; jiyefuq;fSk;> khtl;l rhiyfs; khtl;l jiy efuq;fisAk; ,izf;fpd;wd.396. Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; kj;jpa murhYk;> khepy neLQ;rhiyfs; kw;Wk; khtl;l neLQ;rhiyfs; khepy murhYk; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

397. ,e;jpahtpd; gd;dhl;L th;j;jfj;jpy; ePh;topg;ghij Nghf;Ftuj;J kpfTk; rhjfkhf cs;sJ.

398. ,e;jpahtpy; ruf;Ff; fg;gy;fspd; epiyapy; tsUk; ehLfspilNa 15 ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ.

399. fhz;l;yh> Kk;ig> kh;kNfhth> kq;fSh; kw;Wk; nfhr;rp JiwKfk; - Nkw;Ff; flw;fiuapy; cs;sd.

400. nfhy;fj;jh> ghujPg; tprhfg;gl;bdk;> nrd;id kw;Wk; Jhj;Jf;Fb JiwKfq;fs; - fpof;Ff; flw;fiuapYk; mike;Js;sJ.

401. ,e;jpahtpd; thd;topg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Jtf;fk; - 1930.

402. ,e;jpahtpy; Vh; ,e;jpah (rh;tNjr msT) kw;Wk; ,e;jpad; Vh;iyd;]; (cs;ehL) Mfpa epWtdq;fs; thd;topg; Nghf;Ftuj;J eilngWfpd;wd.

403. nrd;id> Kk;ig> nfhy;fj;jh> nly;yp> jpUtde;jGuk;> ngq;fSh;> i`juhghj; Mfpait ek;ehl;bd; Kf;fpa gd;dhl;L tpkhd epiyaq;fs;.

404. Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F mLj;jgbahd Nrit – fy;tp

405. ehl;bd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk;> tho;f;ifj; juk; cah;tpw;F mbj;jsk; miktJ – fy;tp

406. fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F vd Njrpa fy;tpj; nfhs;if mwpKfk; - 1968

407. Gjpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if 1986

408. midtUf;Fk; fy;tp Jtf;fk; 2000

409. Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if 1992

410. Fiwe;jgl;r fw;wy; - Nguhrphpah; jhNt mwpKfk;

411. kdpjdpd; mbg;gilj; Njitfspy; xd;W – ciwtplk;

412. kiyg;gFjpfspy; miwf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; ntg;gj;jpidf; fhg;gjw;F tPl;bw;F fz;zhb rd;dy; nghUj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

413. cyfpy; cs;s tsq;fspy; Kf;fpak; - kdpjtsk;

414. ehl;bd; kpfnghpa nrhj;J – kdpjtsk;

415. ,e;jpah 3.28 kpy;ypad; r.fp.kP epyg;gug;G nfhz;lJ. gug;gstpy; cyfpy; 7tJ nghpa ehlhf cs;sJ. kf;fs; njhifapy; cyfpy; 2tJ nghpa ehL

416. ,e;jpahtpd; 1991 Mk; Mz;bd; kf;fl;njhif 846.3 kpy;ypad;. 2001 Mk; Mz;bd; kf;fl; njhif 1027 kpy;ypad;

417. ,e;jpahtpy; Ntshz;ik njhopy; mjpfk; nra;Ak; gFjpfspy; kf;fl;njhif neUf;fk; mjpfk;> Ntshz; njhopy; nrog;ghdg; gFjpfspy; kf;fslh;j;jp Kjd;ikahf cs;sJ.

418. fq;ifr; rkepyq;fs;> flw;fiur; rkntspfspy; kf;fs; neUf;fk; mlh;e;J cs;sJ. cj;jpugpuNjrk; gPfhh;> Nkw;F tq;fhsk; kw;Wk; tl kj;jpag; gpuNjrk; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; kf;fl; nrwpT mjpfk;

419. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; fhtphp> Nfhjhthp> fpU\;zh> kfhejp tbepyg; gFjpfspy; kf;fs; neUf;fk; mjpfk;. fpof;Ff; flw;fiurr; rkntspfspy; Me;jpu gpuNjrj;jpy; kf;fs; neUf;Fk; mjpfk;.

420. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; cah;epyq;fspy; epyTk; twz;l fhyepiyAk;> tsk; Fiwe;j kz;Zk; Ntshz; njhopYf;Fj; jilahf cs;sJ.

421. kfhuh\;buh> fh;ehlfhtpy; fhpry; kz; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gFjpapy; gUj;jp mjpfk; tpisfpd;wd. mjdhy; kf;fs; mlh;j;jp mjpfk; cs;sJ.

422. fhpry; kz; gFjpia jtpu jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; kw;w gFjpfspy; kpjkhd kf;fs; mlh;j;jp fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

423. jkpo;ehl;by; kpjkhd kf;fs; mlh;j;jpNa cs;sd.

424. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; rpy gFjpfspy; jhJtsq;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mt;tplq;fspy; kpjkhd kf;fs; mlh;j;jpNa cs;sd.

425. Nrhl;lh ehf;G+h; gPlG+kpapy; jhJ tsq;fs; mjpfk; fpilf;fpd;wd.

426. Nrhl;lh ehf;G+h; gPlG+kpapd; mUfpy; mjpf kf;fs; mlh;j;jp cs;s gFjpahf cs;sJ.

427. kiyg;gFjpfs; Fd;W gFjpfspy; kf;fs; thotjw;F Vw;wr; Roy; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy; kf;fs; mlh;j;jp Fiwthf cs;sJ.

428. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyfs;> fpof;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyg;gFjpfspy; kf;fs; mlh;j;jp FiwT.

429. Gw jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; ,kakiyg;gFjpfspy; kf;fs; mlh;j;jp FiwT.

430. ,kakiyapy; [k;K kw;Wk; fh\;kPh; khepyq;fspy; kf;fs; gutiyf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

431. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyfspy; cs;s ePyfphp> Mizkiy> nfhilf;fhdy;> godp Fd;W Rw;Wyhj; jyq;fs; kw;Wk; Nfhil thoplq;fs;

432. GwjPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpy; ,kakiyapy; lhh;[pypq;> rpk;yh> Nluh^d;> Rw;Wyhj; jyq;fs; kw;Wk; Nfhil thoplq;fs;.

433. tlfpof;F khepyq;fshd mUzhryg;gpuNjrk;> kzpg;G+h;> mrhk;> Nkfhyah> jphpGuh> ehfye;J Mfpa khepyq;fspy; kpff; Fiwthd kf;fs; mlh;j;jpahf cs;sJ.

434. mrhkpy; kl;Lk; ngl;Nuhypa njhopw;rhiyapd; fhuzkhf kf;fs; neUf;fk; rpwpJ mjpfkhf cs;sJ.

435. Nfushtpy; epyg;gug;G FiwthfTk;> ngUk;gug;G mlh;e;j fhLfshfTk;> flw;fiu FWfyhfTk; cs;sJ. ,q;F kf;fs; trpf;ff;$ba epyg;gug;G rpwajhf cs;sjhy; kf;fs; neUf;fk; mlh;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

436. ,e;jpahtpy; nly;yp A+dpad; gpuNjrj;jpy; kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpjkhdjhfNt cs;sJ.

437. ,e;jpahtpy; kf;fl;njhif guty; mq;F epyTk; jy mikg;G fhyepiy kz;tif> Ntshz;epiy> njhopy; tsh;r;rp Nritfs; mbg;gilapy; cs;sJ.

438. 2001 Mk; Mz;L kf;fl;njhif fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb ,e;jpahtpy; 1027 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; (Mz;fs; 523.8 kpy;ypad; ngz;fs; 488.6 kpy;ypad;)

439. kdpj ts Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd Cf;Ftpg;G Kjyikr;rh;fs; $l;lk; eilngw;w ,lk; nly;yp 1996 [{iy 4-5 Njjpfspy;

440. tsh;r;rpf;F jilahf ,Ug;gJ tWik

441. vl;lhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; (1992-97) Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; kdpj tsNkk;ghL442. ey;y epiyapy; tho;f;ifj; juk; cau ghLgl;l Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lk; xd;gjhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk;.

443. ,e;jpahtpd; jdpegh; tUkhdk; kpfTk; FiwT. ,J mnkhpf;fhtpd; jdpegh; tUkhdj;jpy; 60y; xU gq;Fjhd;

444. ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuj; jhuhskakhjy; Mz;L 1991

445. ,e;jpahtpy; jw;nghOJ 200 kpy;ypad; ld;fs; czT jhdpaq;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

446. NfhJik cw;gj;jpapy; Kjy; ,lk; rPdh,uz;lhtJ ,lk; mnkhpf;fh%d;whtJ ,lk; ,e;jpah

447. Kjy; Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1951-1957 Ntshz;ikf;F Kd;Dhpik (ePh;ghrd> kpd; cw;gj;jp Jiwfspy; Kd;Ndw;wk;)

448. ,uz;lhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1957-1961 njhopy; tsh;r;rpf;F Kd;Dhpik ,j;d %yk; gy fdufj; njhopyfq;fs; epWtg;gl;ld. md;dpa cjtp mjpf mstpy; Nfhug;gl;lJ.

449. %d;whtJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lk; 1961-1966 vjph;ghh;j;j ntw;wpia ngw Kbatpy;iy. Njrpa tsj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; rpf;fy;

450. Mz;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; (1966-67> 1967-68> 1968-69) 3tJ jpl;lk; Njhy;ptahdy; kpFe;j neUf;fbia rkhspf;f Mz;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; Nghlg;gl;ld.

451. 4tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1969-1974 Nehf;fk; Ntfkhdg; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp r%fj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Fog;gq;fSk;> jilfSk; vjph;ghh;j;j ntw;wpiaj; jutpy;iy.

452. 5tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1974-1979 Vo;ikia ePf;Fjy; (ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; 1974-75 ypUe;J 1985-86 tiu Nghlg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; Mz;Lj; jpl;lq;fshf khw;wg;gl;lJ. Roy; jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fp gpd;dh; mjidAk; js;Sgb nra;J tpl;ldh;.

453. 6tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1980-1985 nghJthd tsh;r;rpNa ,jd; Fwpf;Nfhs; Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lq;fspdhy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

454. 7tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1985-1990 czT cw;gj;jp> Ntiytha;g;G Nghd;wtw;iw ngUf;FtJ.

455. 8tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1992-19971990-91> 1991-92 Mfpa Mz;LfSf;F Mz;Lj; jpl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lk; te;jJ. ,jd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; kdpjts Nkk;ghL> jdpahh; kakhjy;> nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fisf; Fiwj;jy;> nghUsjhjhr; rPuikg;G nra;jy; xusT ntw;wp ngw;w jpl;lk;

456. 9tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; 1997-2002kdpjts Nkk;ghL> jdpahh;kakhjy;> jdpahh; Jiwf;F tha;g;G mspj;jy; Mfpatw;wpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jy; (,e;jpahtpy; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;L njhopyfq;fs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis tpwf ey;y re;ij vd eUg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

457. 2001 nrg;lk;gh; 9-11 Vw;gl;l rpwpJ jsh;r;rpf;F gpwF ,e;jpah jfty; njhopy; El;gj;jpy; ey;y Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;L tufpd;wd.

458. 10tJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lk; 2002-07 tWikf; Nfhl;bw;Ff; fPo; cs;sth;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwT

459. ,e;jpahtpd; lhl;lh fhh; epWtk;> n[h;kdpapd; ngd;]; epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J fhh; jahhpf;fpd;wdh;.

460. tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rpapy; ,e;jpah jw;NghJ mnkhpf;f If;fpa ehLfSld; Nghl;bapLfpd;wd.

461. ,e;jpah tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; epyeLf;Nfhl;L tpz;fy VTjsk; - jpUtde;jGuk; mUfpy; Jk;ghtpy; cs;sJ. ,e;epWtdk; 1968y; If;fpa ehLfs; rigf;fhf VTjsj;ij mh;g;gpzj;jJ.

462. ISRO ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp ikakhf tsh;e;Js;sJ.

463. ,e;jpah fy;tp> kUj;Jtk; Mfpatw;wpy; kpFe;j tsh;r;rpapid ngw;Ws;sJ.

464. 1947y; ,e;jpah Rfe;jpuk; mile;jNghJ ,e;jpahpd; ruhrhp tho;f;if 27 tUlq;fs; jw;NghJ ruhrhp tho;f;if 67 Mf cs;sJ.

465. ,e;jpahtpy; ,yf;fpak;> fiyfs;> jpiug;glq;fs; kjq;fs; czTfs;> cilfs;> etPdq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ir Mfpatw;wpy; Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfspd; xUq;fpize;j gFjpahf cs;sJ.

466. xU tl;lhuj;jpd; cz;ikahd gpujpgypg;G – epytiug;glk;

467. jfty;fisj; Jy;ypakhd Kiwapy; Gs;sp tptuq;fspd; mbg;gilNahL njhpag;gLj;Jk; Kiw – tpsf;fg;glk;

468. Gtpapay; ty;Ydh;fs; gltiuTfs; vd Fwpg;gpLtJ 1. epytiuglk; (2) tpsf;fg;glk;

469. gltiuT vd;gJ jfty;fis vOj;Jtbtpy; $whky; glq;fs; %yk; njhptpg;gJ.

470. jfty; ntspg;ghL vd;gJ efh;Tglk;tl vy;iy - ,kakiynjd; vy;iy - ,e;jpag; ngUq;fly;fpof;F vy;iy – tq;fhs tphpFlhNkw;F vy;iy – mugpf;fly;

Nrhl;lhehf;G+h; - fdpkq;fs;fhtphp MW – FlF kiy

khst gPlG+kp – mG kiyNfhilthoplk; - KNrhhpnts;sg;ngUf;F – gpuk;kGj;jpuh

Nfhilf;fhyk; - khh;r; Kjy; [{d; tiukiokiwTg; gFjp – jf;fhzg; gPlG+kpFsph;fhy kio – mf;Nlhgh; Kjy; khh;r; tiuNfhilf;fhy kio – khh;r; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiutwz;l gpuNjrk; - jhh; ghiytdk;

tz;ly; kz; - ney;fhpry; kz; - gUj;jprptg;G kz; - gUg;G tiffs;gRik khwh jhtuq;fs; - Njf;F<uf; fhLfs; - Re;ju tdf;fhLfs;

fhg;gp – fh;ehlfk;ney; - Nkw;F tq;fshk;Mg;gps; - ,khryg; gpuNjrk;ug;gh; - NfushGifapiy – Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;

rpj;juQ;rd; - ,uapy; vQ;rpd; Miynguk;G+h; - ,uapy; ngl;b Miy[hk;n\l;G+h; - ,Uk;G v/F MiyNeghefh; - mr;Rf; fhfpj MiyKk;ig – gUj;jp nerthiy

471. ,uapy; kw;Wk; rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; mlh;j;jpid mwpe;J nfhs;s efh;Tg; glk; gad;gLfpd;wd.

472. efh;Tg; glk; %yk; jkpo;ehl;by; ,uapy; kw;Wk rhiy Nghf;Ftuj;J gw;wp njhpe;Jf; nfhs;s Kbfpd;wd.

473. thh;j;ijfs; %yk; njhpe;J nfhs;Stijtpl efh;Tg; glk; %yk; njhpe;J nfhs;StJ vspJ.

474. Gtpapaypy; gy;NtW tpjkhd glq;fspd; %yk; Gs;sp tptuq;fs; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mitfspd; tiuNfhl;Lg; glq;fs; gl;ilg;glq;fs; tl;lg;gFg;G glq;fs; Nghd;wit Kf;fpakhdit.

475. kf;fs; njhif tsh;r;rpapid tisNfhl;Lg; glk; %yKk;> gl;ilg; glk; %ykhfTk; tpsf;f KbAk;

476. jdJ nrhe;j Kaw;rpapy; ngwg;gLk; jfty;fs; - Gs;sp tptuk; ,jid tpQ;Qhd G+h;tkhd xd;whFk;.

477. Nrfhpf;fg;gLk; Gs;sptptuq;fs; - gug;G rhh;Gilait

478. gug;G rhh;e;j Gs;sp tptuq;fs; miktplj;ij mbg;gilapYk; ml;r> jPh;f;f mbg;gilapy; rhh;e;jit

479. gug;G rhuhg; Gs;sp tptuq;fs;1. r%fk; rhh;e;j Gs;sp tptuk;2. nghUshjuhg; Gs;sp tptuk;3. fyhr;rhug; Gs;sp tptuq;fs;

480. nghUshjuhg; Gs;sp tptuqf;spd; v.fh.tptrhak; rhh;e;jit kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiyfspd; cw;gj;jp njhlh;ghd Gs;sp tptuk;

481. Njhuhakhd xU tpQ;Qhdk; - vd;gJ Gs;spapayhJ.

482. xU ghpkhzg; glq;fSf;F v.fh. gl;ilg;glk;> tiuNfhl;Lg;glk;

483. ,uz;L ghpkhzg; glq;fSf;F v.fh. tl;lg; glq;fs;> nrt;tfg;glq;fs;> rJug; glq;fs;

484. Kg;ghpkhzg; glq;fSf;F v.fh. fdr; rJuq;fs;> Nfhsg;glq;fs;

485. ehSf;F ehs; vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; gad;gLj;Jk; epy tiug; glq;fs; - guty; epytiug;glk;Kjy; Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; - Ntshz;ik2tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; - fdufj; njhopy;5tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; - Vo;ikia ePf;Fjy;8tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; - kdpjts Nkk;ghLgug;G rhh;e;jit - ,e;jpahtpd; ,aw;if mikg;Gr%fg; Gs;sp tptuqf;s – fzf;nfLg;Gtpdhg; gl;bay; - Neh;fhzy;

486. jkpo;ehl;bd; kf;fs; njhif 2001 (NjhuhakhdJ)

t.vz;. khtl;lq;fs; kf;fs; njhif1. jpUts;Sth; 2>738>8662. nrd;id 4>216>2683. fhQ;rpGuk; 2>869>9204. NtYhh; 34829705. jh;kGhp 2>833>2526. jpUtz;zhkiy 2>181>8537. tpOg;Guk; 2>943>9178. Nryk; 2>992>7549. ehkf;fy; 1>495>66110. <NuhL 2>574>06711. ePyfphp 764>82612. Nfhak;Gj;Jhh; 4>224>10713. jpz;Lf;fy; 1>918>96014. f&h; 933>79115. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp 2>388>831

16. nguk;gYhh; 486>97117. mhpaYhh; 694>05818. flYhh; 2>280>53019. ehfg;gl;bdk; 1>487>05520. jpUth&h; 1>165>21321. jQ;rhT+h; 2>205>37522. GJf;Nfhl;il 1>452>26923. rptfq;if 1>150>75324. kJiu 2>562>57925. Njdp 1>094>72426. tpUJefh; 1>751>54827. ,uhkehjGuk; 1>183>32128. Jhj;Jf;Fb 1>565>74329. jpUney;Ntyp 2>801>19430. fd;dpahFkhp 1>669>763

487. tl;lgFg;G glj;jpd; nkhj;j msT 360 bfphp

488. Gtpapay; ty;Ydh;fSf;F Gtpapaiyg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F gug;Grhh; NtWghLfs; mbg;gilf; fUj;jhFk;.

489. Gtpapaiyg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> Gtpapay; Muha;r;rpf;Fk; gad;gLtJ – Kjy;epiyg; Gs;sp tptuq;fs;

490. fsg;gzp vd;gJ Gs;sp tptuq;fis Nrfhpj;jyhFk;.

491. fsg;gzpapd; mtrpak; Fiwg;gJ - ,uz;lhk; epiyg;Gs;sp tptuk;

492. Neh;fhzy; - fsg;gzpAld; njhlh;GilaJ.

493. ,uz;lhk; epiyg; Gs;sp tptuq;fisj; ngUk;ghNyhh; gad;gLj;jpa fhyk; 1950 Kjy; 1960 tiu

494. khjphpfis njhpe;njLf;f gpd;dh; tptuq;fs; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd Kiw Kjy; epiyg; Gs;sp tptuq;fs;

495. Rthpy;yh gs;spf;$lk; vd;gJ fsg;gzp

496. Gj;jfq;fs;> Mtzq;fs;> mwpf;iffs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J Nrfhpf;fg;gLk; Gs;sp tptuk; - ,uz;lhk; epiyg; Gs;sp tptuq;fs;

497. kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;G - ,uz;lhk; epiyg; Gs;sp tptuk;

498. mjpNtf Cuf kjpg;gPL Kiw Njhd;wpaJ – 1980

499. gq;Nfw;G Cuf kjpg;gPL Kiw Njhd;wpaJ – 1990

500. cs;Sh; kf;fNs gq;Nfw;W mth;jk; fUj;Jf;fisg; ghpkhw;wk; nra;J gq;Nfw;G Cuf kjpg;gPL Kiw

501. cah;kl;lj;jpy; ntspegh;fshy; Nrfhpf;fg;gLk; jfty;fs; - mjpNtf Cuf kjpg;gPL Kiw

502. mjpNtf kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;G kjpg;gPL Kiwia Ma;tpd; mbg;gilapy; jkpofj;jpy; Njdp khtl;lk;> fk;gk; gs;sj;jhf;fpy; cs;s rpykuj;Jg; gl;bapy; njhFf;fg;gl;ls;sJ. (,e;j Ma;T ntspehl;bdh; xUtuhy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.)

503. ,uhgh;l; Nrk;ghpd; fUj;J – Neubahf ghh;j;J mwptJ gaDilajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

504. jdp kdpjh;fs; FLk;gj;jpdh;fs; fpuhk kw;Wk; efu kf;fs; njhlh;Gila Gs;sp tptuq;fs; - r%fg; Gs;sp

505. xU gFjpf;F nrd;W Njitg;gLk; Gs;sp tptuq;fs; Nfrhpg;gJ – fsg;gzp

506. xUtiu Neh;fhzy; nra;tjw;F cgNahfg;gLj;JtJ – tpdhg; gl;bay;

507. gug;G rhh;e;j Gs;sp tptuq;fisr; Nrfhpf;f Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ – miktplk;

508. xNu msTs;s gy ,lq;fis ,izf;Fk; Nfhl;bw;F – tiuNfhl;Lg; glk;

509. jdpg;gl;ilg; glj;jpy; cl;gphpTfs; ,y;iy

510. kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;F jyj;jpw;F nry;Yk; nghOJ Kf;fpakhfj; Njitg;gLtJ – FWf;F eil

511. nefpo;Tj; jd;ikAld; $ba gbg;gbahd njhlh;e;J tbtikj;jy; - juk; rhh;e;jit

512. gpur;ridfSf;F Kd;dNuh gpd;dNuh $wg;gLk; fij - ,ilntspf;fij

kj;jpa ,e;jpah – Kk;ig tpf;Nlhhpahfpof;F ,e;jpah – nfhy;fj;jhtlfpof;F ,e;jpah – Nfhuf;G+h;njw;F ,e;jpah – nrd;id njw;F kj;jpa ,e;jpah – nrfe;jpuhghj;mrhk; - tlfpof;F khepyk;

kiyrhjpapdh;fh\;kPh; gs;sj;jhf;F - ,kakiy Fsph; Fiwe;j kf;fs;nly;yp – jiyeh;

gd;dhl;L kf;fs; efuk;gP[;[p gpuNjrk; - cah; epyq;fs;

,uh[];jhd; - ghiytdg; gFjp Fiwe;j kf;fs;

1. jdp kdpjh;fs; $l;lkhf xd;W Nrh;e;J thOk; mikg;G rKjhak;

2. kdpjh;fSf;Fj; njhpe;j Kjy; rKjha mikg;G FLk;gk;3. jw;fhyr; rKjhaj;jpd; nghOJNghf;F rhjdk;

njhiyfhl;rp4.,e;jpahtpd; caph;ehb fpuhkq;fs; vd;W

Fwpg;gpl;lth; fhe;jp5. fpuhkg;Gw kf;fspilNa fy;tpapy; tpopg;Gzh;it

Vw;gLj;Jk; ,af;fk; mwpnthsp ,af;fk;6. xd;W gl;lhy; cz;L tho;T7. kdpj tho;f;ifapd; njhlf;fj;jpy; FLk;gk;> gs;sp

vd;w ,uz;L rKjha mikg;Gfs; Foe;ijfsplk; Fbikg; gz;Gfis tsh;f;fpd;wd.

8. ey;ynjhU FLk;gk; gy;fiyfofk;9. fpuhk kf;fs; ,aw;ifNahbize;J thOk; tha;g;igg;

ngw;Ws;sdh;.10. efuhl;rpmLf;Fkhbf; FbapUg;Gfs; mike;Js;sd.

efuj;jpy;11. FLk;gj;jpw;F mLj;jgbahd rpwg;G tha;e;j r%f

mikg;G gs;spf;$lk;12. kdpj tho;f;ifapd; mbg;gilahf tpsq;FtJ FLk;gk;

MFk;. rKjha cwTfs;13. FLk;gj;jpw;F mLj;jg;gbahf gs;spf;$lk; xU

rpwg;G tha;e;j r%f mikg;ghFk;.14. fpuhk kf;fs; mwpahik vd;Dk; ,UspypUe;J

kPl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

1.Mrphpauhf ,Ue;J gpd;dh; FbauRj; jiyth; gjtp tfpj;jth; ,uhjhfpU\;zd;

2.murhq;fj;jpd; jpl;lq;fis epiwNtw;Wgth;fs; mYtyh;fs;

3. ePjpgjpfshfTk; epakpf;fg;gLgth;fs; tof;fwpQh;fs;4. rhiyfspy; tpgj;Jfs; Vw;glhky; jLg;gJ ,th;fspd; flik

fhty;Jiwapdh;

5.ehl;bd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd MAjq;fis tbtikg;gth;fs; nghwpahsh;fs;

6. r%ff; FOf;fis nra;njhopy; %yk; tifg;gLj;jyhk;7. Mrphpah;fis jha;> je;ij mLj;j epiyapy; itj;Jg;

Nghw;WfpNwhk;.8. cly; tsj;ijAk; cs;s eyj;ijAk; ngw;Wj; jUk; flik

kUj;Jtiu rhh;e;jJ.9. ekJ murpayikg;G mbg;gil chpikfis toq;fpAs;sJ.10. ehl;bd; mbg;gilahd fl;likg;G tsh;r;rpf;F

nghwpahsh;fs; tpj;jpLfpd;wdh;.11. rKjhaj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpa gphpTiuauhf tpsq;Fgth;

Mrphpah;12. mg;Jy; fyhk; xU tpz;ntsp tpQ;Qhdp13. rKjhaj;jpd; MzpNtuhf tpsq;Fgth;fs;

Mrphpah;fs;14. vOj;jwptpj;jtd; ,iwtd; vd;gJ KJnkhop15. murhq;fj;ijak;> nghJ kf;fisAk; ,izf;Fk; ghykhf

mYtyh;fs; cs;sdh;.

1.jdpahh; nrhj;Jf;fs; thq;f tif nra;tJ nrhe;j tUkhdk;2.,e;jpa ,uapy;Nt ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jk;? murhq;fk;3.ekJ fiyr; rpd;dq;fs; nghpJk; fth;tJ may;ehl;ltiu4.,tw;wpy; vJ ,aw;iftsk;? fhL5. nghJr; nrhj;Jfs; kf;fSf;fhf murhq;fk; my;yJ rKjha

mikg;G Nghd;wtw;why; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.6. goq;fhy epidTr; rpd;dq;fs; ekJ fiy gz;ghl;il

Nghd;wtw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.7. fhL gwitfspd; ruzhyaq;fshf cs;sd.8. Njrpa rpd;dq;fis xU NghJk; mtkjpj;jy; $lhJ.9. ekJ Guhjd fhyg; nghJr; nrhj;Jf;fspy; xd;W

rpw;gq;fs; jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpy;10. ekJ Kd;Ndhh;fshy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tuyhw;W

epidTr; rpd;dq;fs; rpw;gq;fs;11. Njrpa rpd;dk; mNrhf rpd;dk;

12. nrd;id khfhz nghJr; nrhj;J rPuopTr; rl;lk; Vw;gl;l Mz;L 1937

13. jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; chpik NfhuKbahj cilikfs; nghJ nrhj;Jfs; vdg;gLk;.

14. fhL nropj;jy; ehL nropf;Fk;15. epyj;jbapy; fpilf;Fk; fdpkq;fs; ahTk; Njrpa

nrhj;Jf;fshFk;16. Njrpa rpd;dq;fs; ek;kpilNa Njrpa czh;T

tsh;f;fpd;wd. Fbikg; gz;G17. NgUe;ijf; nfhSj;JtJ xU r%f tpNuhjp nray;

MFk;.

1.,e;jpahtpy; Kjd; Kjypy; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gf;fis nfhz;L te;jth; hpg;gd; gpuG

2. %d;wLf;F Cuhl;rp mikg;gpd; ,ilepiyapy; ,Ug;gJ Cuhl;rp mikg;G

3. khepy rl;l kd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; mq;fk; tfpg;gJ cs;shl;rp mikg;G khtl;l Cuhl;rp

4. kf;fshl;rp mikg;gpd; cah;ehbahf cs;shr;rp mikg;G tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

5.Gjpa Cuhl;rp mikg;Gr; rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;l Mz;L 1992

6. cs;shl;rp mikg;G xd;wpizf;fg;gl;L Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fpuhk Cuhl;rpfs;

7. Cuhl;rp xd;wpa tsh;r;rpg; gzpfis epiwNtw;Wk; mYtyfk; khtl;l Ml;rpah; jiyikapy; nray;gLfpwJ.

8. kf;fshl;rp mikg;gpd; caph;ehbahf tpsq;Fk; mikg;Gfs; Cuhl;rp mikg;G

9.,e;jpahtpy; Gjpa Cuhl;rp mikg;Gr; rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;l Mz;L 1992

10. fpuhk Cuhl;rpapd; Ma;thsuhfr; nray;gLgth; khtl;l Ml;rpah;

11. cs;shl;rp eph;thfj;jpd; je;ij vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;lth; hpg;gd; gpuGMthh;.

12. fpuhk rig Mz;Lf;F ehd;F Kiw $Lk;.

1. nghpa efuq;fspy; nray;gLk; Rahl;rp mikg;G khefuhl;rp

2. efuhl;rp jiythpd; gjtpf; fhyk; 5 Mz;Lfs;3.,jpy; ve;j efuj;jpy; khefuhl;rp nray;gLfpwJ. kJiu4. efuhl;rpj; jiyth;fs; kf;fshy; Neubahfj;

Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpwhh;.5. khefuhl;rpj; jiyth; Nkah; vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.6. efuhl;rpf;F murhq;fk; vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.7. efuq;fspy; Jha czT fpilf;f Rfhjhu Jiw Mtd nra;fpwJ.8. nghJ mwpT Nkk;gLtjw;F Ehyfq;fs; Jiz Ghpfpd;wd.9.gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; khefuhl;rp ,y;yhj efuk; jQ;ir10. khefuhl;rp mYtyh;fisr; nray;gLj;Jgth; Mizah;11. nghpa efuq;fspy; cs;s cs;shl;rp mikg;G

tUtha; khtl;l Ml;rpah; khefuhl;rp12. jkpo;ehl;by; jw;NghJs;s khefuhl;rpfspd;

vz;zpf;if --MW MFk;13. khefuhl;rp cWg;gpdh;fs; fTd;rpyh;fs;

vdg;gLfpd;wdh;.

1. ,e;jpahtpy; jw;NghJ cs;s khepyq;fspd; vz;zpf;if -28

2. khtl;l Ml;rpah; ,e;jpa muR gzpiar; Nrh;e;jth;3.tl;lk; vd;w gphpT ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ jhYf;fh4. jkpo;ehl;by; jw;NghJ 30 khtl;lq;fs; cs;sd.5. khtl;l Ml;rpah; ,e;jpa muR gzpiar; Nrh;e;jth;6. FW tl;lj;ij eph;tfpg;gth; tUtha; Ma;thsh; Mthh;.7.khtl;l fhty;Jiwf;Fj; jiyik Vw;gh; fhty; Jiwf;

fz;fhzpg;ghsh;8. ngz;fSf;nfd kfsph; fhty; epiyaq;fs;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.9. khtl;l nghJ eph;thfk; midj;ijAk; Nkw;nfhs;tJ

tUtha;j; Jiw

10. epyk; kw;Wk; nrhj;J Fwpj;j tof;Ffis tprhhpj;J ePjp toq;FtJ chpikapay; ePjpkd;wk;

11. rl;lj;jpd; fhtyuhfr; nray;gLgth;fs; fhty; Jiwapdh;

12. tl;lk; vd;w gphpit jhYf;fh vd;W $Wth;13. ePjpj;Jiwapy; xt;nthU khtl;lj;jpYk; khtl;l

mkh;TePjpkd;wk; cs;sd.14. rptpy; tof;Ffis tprhhpj;J jPh;g;G toq;Fk;

chpikapay; ePjpkd;wj; jiyth; khtl;l Kd;rPg;15. ePjpgjpfs; rl;lj;jpd; fhtyh;fshfr;

nray;gLfpd;wdh;.