Question of the DayQuestion of the Day4-19

1. ADD 2.5 points before dividing!!! Unit 7 Quest grade = ____%

2. I feel I was successful or unsuccessful

3. I prepared by…

4. Next time I will prepare by…

5. Goal for next time = ____

If you met your goal + got an A: You may maintain or improve.

If you did not meet your goal it stays the same.

Chapter 10 – DNA, Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA and Protein RNA and Protein

SynthesisSynthesis

STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of DNADNA

StructureStructure – double-helix (looks like a – double-helix (looks like a spiral staircase)spiral staircase)

FunctionFunction – carries your – carries your genetic information genetic information

DNA is the “genetic code” DNA is the “genetic code” lifelife

It controls all aspects of the cell. But It controls all aspects of the cell. But howhow? ?

By the different proteins that it codes for. By the different proteins that it codes for. Different proteins have different functionsDifferent proteins have different functions

– EnzymesEnzymes – – control / speed up chemical control / speed up chemical reactionsreactions IE: IE: building ATP or digesting foodbuilding ATP or digesting food

– Repair, transport, structural proteinsRepair, transport, structural proteins

What is the genetic codeWhat is the genetic code?? Set of rules by which information Set of rules by which information

is transferred from… is transferred from… DNA into DNA into RNA into RNA into Protein Protein

(using amino acids)(using amino acids) Even bacteria and viruses have a Even bacteria and viruses have a

genetic codegenetic code

What are Nucleic AcidsWhat are Nucleic Acids??

A complex A complex macromolecule macromolecule that stores that stores information in information in cells in the form cells in the form of a code. DNA of a code. DNA and RNA.and RNA.

Composed of Composed of monomersmonomers of of nucleotidesnucleotides

What is DNAWhat is DNA??

DeoxyribonuclDeoxyribonucleic acideic acid

Contains the Contains the genetic genetic instructions instructions for for development / development / functioning of functioning of living thingsliving things

What is a nucleotideWhat is a nucleotide?? A monomer that A monomer that

consists of three consists of three partsparts– Sugar Sugar

(deoxyribose or (deoxyribose or ribose)ribose)

– PhosphatePhosphate– Nitrogen Base (A, Nitrogen Base (A,

C, T, G and U)C, T, G and U)

REVIEWREVIEW: Monomers and : Monomers and PolymersPolymers

Define MonomerDefine Monomer – – – The smallest unit that makes up a The smallest unit that makes up a

larger moleculelarger molecule Define PolymerDefine Polymer

– A large molecule formed by many A large molecule formed by many smaller molecules called monomerssmaller molecules called monomers

monomer of proteins = monomer of proteins = mondomer of nucleic acids = mondomer of nucleic acids =

amino acidsnucleotide

REVIEWREVIEW Do all organisms have DNADo all organisms have DNA??

– YES – All living things have a YES – All living things have a genetic codegenetic code

What is a ProteinWhat is a Protein??– A large complex polymer A large complex polymer

composed of amino acids composed of amino acids. .

REVIEWREVIEW

Peptide BondPeptide Bond – – – Covalent bond (sharing electrons) Covalent bond (sharing electrons)

formed between two amino acids (the formed between two amino acids (the bonds in proteins)bonds in proteins)

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day4-20

1. Structure of DNA =

2. Function of DNA =

On a half sheet of scratch On a half sheet of scratch paperpaper

4-20

1. What two types of nucleic acids do you know of?

2. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

3. What process makes proteins from RNA?

4. What is the monomer of a protein?

QUICK TALKQUICK TALK4-20

cell

monomer

DNA

nucleus

mitosis

eukaryotes

phospholipid bilayer

photosynthesis

mitochondria

chromosome

diffusion

ATP

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1UPf7lXeO8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUA6_Ucw3i4

DNA SONGS:DNA SONGS:

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day4-26

1. What two types of nucleic acids do you know of?

2. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Use

notes i

f

needed

What are the Nitrogen What are the Nitrogen BasesBases?? AdenineAdenine

GuanineGuanine ThymineThymine (DNA (DNA

only)only) CytosineCytosine UracilUracil (RNA only) (RNA only)

Nitrogen BasesNitrogen Bases

Nitrogen BasesNitrogen Bases

Nitrogen Base PairingNitrogen Base Pairing How do the How do the

nitrogen bases nitrogen bases pair in DNA?pair in DNA?– A with TA with T– C with GC with G– RNARNA A with UA with U

(no Thymine)(no Thymine) What holds the What holds the

nitrogen bases nitrogen bases together?together?– Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds

Why is the nucleotide sequence Why is the nucleotide sequence importantimportant??

– All organisms have All organisms have DNADNA– The closer the DNA resemblance, The closer the DNA resemblance,

the more closely related the the more closely related the organisms areorganisms are

DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION DNA ReplicationDNA Replication – – the process the process

of copying DNAof copying DNA When do we copy our DNAWhen do we copy our DNA? ?

– S-phaseS-phase of Interphase of Interphase

DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION STEP ONESTEP ONE::

– HelicaseHelicase – An enzyme that – An enzyme that breaks breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen baseshydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases “unzipping” the DNA“unzipping” the DNA

DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION Replication ForkReplication Fork – location – location

where the DNA is splitting where the DNA is splitting apartapart

DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION STEP TWOSTEP TWO::

– DNA POLYMERASEDNA POLYMERASE – – An enzyme that bonds free floating An enzyme that bonds free floating

nucleotides together to form a new nucleotides together to form a new DNA chainDNA chain

DNA REPLICATIONDNA REPLICATION

How long does this How long does this continuecontinue? ? – Until the entire Until the entire

chain is copied…chain is copied…forming two new forming two new chainschains

Why do we copy Why do we copy DNADNA??– So that new cells So that new cells

have the genetic have the genetic material needed material needed to surviveto survive

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day4-27

1. RNA and DNA are both examples of ____________ you should be able to answer even if absent yesterday!!!

2. The enzyme that separates or “unzips” DNA =

Use

notes if

needed

Review DNAReview DNA

REVIEWREVIEW

Replication fork

REVIEWREVIEW Peptide BondPeptide Bond – –

– Bond formed between two Bond formed between two amino acids (in a protein)amino acids (in a protein)

What holds nitrogenous bases What holds nitrogenous bases together?together?

– – hydrogen bondshydrogen bonds

True or False?True or False?– The closer the DNA resemblance, The closer the DNA resemblance,

the more closely related the the more closely related the organisms areorganisms are

The process of copying DNA = …The process of copying DNA = …

– – DNA replicationDNA replication

REVIEWREVIEW

REVIEWREVIEWHelicaseHelicase – –

An enzyme that breaks hydrogen An enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases bonds between nitrogen bases “unzipping” the DNA“unzipping” the DNA

Replication ForkReplication Fork – – – location where the DNA is splitting location where the DNA is splitting

apartapart

REVIEWREVIEW

DNA POLYMERASEDNA POLYMERASE – – An enzyme that bonds free floating An enzyme that bonds free floating nucleotides together to form a new nucleotides together to form a new DNA chainDNA chain

REVIEWREVIEW

Front of handout – due end of period today

READ pages 200-202 (my.hrw.com) AND complete #s 1-2, 4-8 on the bottom of page 202 – due beginning of class tomorrow

4-18Assignment

My.hrw.com

Chapter 10 section 3

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