ATTACHMENT

QUESTION 22 – AGENCY OPERATIONS

(PROCEDURES)

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ARTICLE VI

GENERAL RULES OF CONDUCT

Section 1. Sleeping on Duty:

Members, while on duty, shall not sleep in any place except beds provided by the Department for

that purpose.

Members shall not sleep on day tour except by special permission of the Fire & EMS Chief or

his designee.

No member shall, except in case of emergency, occupy a bed in a Department building between

0700 to 2000 hours.

Section 2. Articles of Value Found at the Scene:

Members discovering articles of value at the scene of an incident shall promptly deliver said

articles to the Incident Commander for transfer to an appropriate police authority. The Incident

Commander, together with the police officer, shall inventory the articles of value and record

same on a FD Form 1. The police officer, after signing, shall retain the second copy (pink) of the

Form 1 and the articles of value. A Special Report, addressed to the appropriate Division Head,

shall be submitted by the member discovering the articles and the Incident Commander to whom

the articles were delivered stating full particulars. The Incident Commander shall attach the

original (white) of the Form 1 to his/her Special Report and retain the first copy (yellow).

Section 3. Decals on Department Property:

No decal, sticker or tag that may be construed as obscene, offensive or otherwise embarrass or

harass members shall be displayed in or on Department property. Privately owned vehicles

displaying any of the above named items shall not be parked on Department property.

[Section 4. Arrests, Indictments, Convictions and Investigations]:

All employees of the Department will immediately notify the Office of Internal Affairs (OIA)

whenever he or she becomes aware that an employee of this agency has been arrested on or off

duty.

During the hours of 0800 to 1700 hours, Monday thru Friday, member(s) of the OIA will be

available to receive such notifications on the following numbers: 202-673-3678 or 202-673-

3728. During weekends, holidays and all other hours that the office is closed, notifications will

be made by calling the on-duty Operations Deputy Fire Chief who will notify the OIA. If the on-

duty Operations Deputy is unavailable, members will call the Office of Unified Communications

(OUC) Fire Liaison Officer (FLO) on 202-373-3712. The FLO will be responsible for

contacting the on-call Internal Affairs member.

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Additionally, all employees will notify the OIA as soon as possible during normal business hours and

give full details of any changes in their legal status. This includes:

1. Indictments;

2. Conviction or entering a guilty plea to a felony;

3. Conviction or guilty plea to a misdemeanor including convictions and guilty plea

to traffic violations where the member’s license was suspended;

4. Notification of investigation for criminal/illegal activity.

Immediately when possible, but no later than 72 hours after the initial notification, employees of the

Department will provide a written notification in the form of a Special Report to OIA giving full

details and any supporting documentation concerning the incident. During normal business hours,

these reports are to be hand delivered in sealed envelopes to OIA or the Office of Compliance at

Fire&EMS Department Headquarters. During hours when both offices are closed, the reports are to

be placed in a marked drop box that is located in the lobby of Grimke School.

Members under investigation for criminal/illegal activities are required to provide OIA with official

documentation of the ongoing status of their case. This includes any information pertaining to

additional charges, dismissal of charges, court dates, hearing notices, changes in bail status, changes

to driver’s permits, and any other information that may be construed as being pertinent to the case.

When being questioned by superior officers in connection with matters relating to the official

business of the Fire and EMS Department, members shall respond truthfully to all questions posed

during their interview. Additionally, during the course of an investigation, all members shall respond

truthfully to questions by any agent or official of the Office of Internal Affairs (OIA), even if the OIA

agent is not of superior rank. All OIA agents are authorized to conduct any and all investigative

activities in the furtherance of an investigation.

Any member who willfully and knowingly makes untruthful statements of any kind, or who refuses,

or fails to make truthful statements in an verbal or written report pertaining to his official duties as a

Fire and EMS Department employee is subject to disciplinary action, including dismissal.

It shall be the responsibility of OIA to coordinate daily with the Deputy Fire Chief of Operations and

the FLO about any arrests or incidents during the previous tour. The OIA will complete an Incident

Report Form and submit it thru the Assistant Fire Chief - Services who will ensure that the

appropriate Assistant Fire Chief and Fire & EMS Chief are notified. The appropriate Assistant Fire

Chief shall insure that the affected employee is immediately placed on administrative leave and that

the Office of Compliance is notified. During hours when the Office of Compliance is closed, the

notification shall be made by e-mailing to the Office of Compliance mail box at

compliance.fems@dc.gov.

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Section 5. Use of Intoxicants or Illegal Substances:

Department members shall not:

1. Place themselves under the influence of intoxicants while on duty,

2. Use illegal substances in any form while on or off duty,

3. Report for duty under the influence of intoxicants or illegal substances,

4. Permit the presence of intoxicants or illegal substances in or on any property used

or occupied by the Fire&EMS Department.

5. Ingest or expose themselves to any intoxicant or illegal substance likely to affect

their full performance of duty.

Section 6. Conduct Unbecoming an Employee

Conduct unbecoming an employee includes conduct detrimental to good discipline , conduct that

would adversely affect the employee’s or the agency’s ability to perform effectively, or any

conduct that violates public trust or law of the United States, any law, municipal ordinance, or

regulation of the District of Columbia committed while on-duty or off-duty.

Any member convicted of the motor vehicle moving violation Driving Under the Influence or

Driving While Intoxicated while off-duty will be charged with Conduct Unbecoming an

Employee and will be charged a 120-duty hour suspension for a first offense. This penalty may

be reduced 40-hours pending the member’s completion of an alcohol rehabilitation program

approved by the Assistant Fire Chief. Any second offense will result in a 360-duty hour

suspension, and a third offense will result in termination.

Section 7. Inefficiency

Inefficiency is evidenced by repeated and well founded complaints from superior officers or

others concerning improper performance of duty or neglect in the performance of duties. Three

(3) adverse actions within a period of twelve (12) months involving any charge of misconduct,

conduct unbecoming an employee, improper performance of duty or neglect in the performance

of duties shall be prima facie evidence of inefficiency. If a member is cited a fourth time for a

similar charge in a twelve month period, the member will also be cited for inefficiency.

Section 8. Insubordination

Insubordination is a failure and/or refusal to comply with lawful orders or instructions, either

verbal or written, from a higher ranking member.]

Section 9. Department Smoking Policy:

Smoking is prohibited in all areas and rooms within Fire and EMS Department facilities.

Smoking is also prohibited in all vehicles.

Designated smoking areas within Department facilities do not exist.

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Smoking is also prohibited in all areas as well as on the grounds of the Fire and EMS

Department Training facility. There will be no designated area for smoking at the Training

Academy. Members desiring to smoke at this Department facility must leave the premises in

order to smoke.

Company commanders and supervisors may suggest a specific location on the exterior of the

engine company for members desiring to smoke. A waste receptacle may be provided for

discarded smoking materials. However, if a receptacle is not available for disposal, the

concerned member shall be responsible for proper disposal of the tobacco product. This will

allow members to maintain a clean and neat appearance of the grounds of the Department

facility.

Section 10. Professional Licenses

It shall be the responsibility of all employees to immediately notify the appropriate Assistant Fire

Chief in writing, through their chain of command, of any changes in the status of any license or

certifications required to perform their assigned duties. Examples include, but are not limited to;

any medical certifications, driver’s licenses, law enforcement credentials and any other technical

certificate required for the employee to legally perform their job. Similarly, members must

immediately notify the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief in writing of any investigation that has

been initiated by any licensing authority and the conclusion of said investigation.

Section 11. Contact Information

All members are required to maintain accurate and up-to-date contact information at all times,

including home address, phone numbers, and emergency contact information. Members on

extended Sick Leave, Annual Leave, Administrative Leave, Leave Without Pay and Enforced

Leave are not relieved of this responsibility.

Members under investigation for criminal/illegal activities are responsible for maintaining

contact with the Office of Internal Affairs.

Section 12. Availability

If a member has been placed on enforced leave or administrative leave for disciplinary reasons or

pending the outcome of an OIA investigation, the member will be placed on a 40 hour work

week for pay and leave purposes. The member will be required to make a reasonable effort to be

available to conduct Department business from 0900 hrs. to 1700 hrs. Monday through Friday.

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ARTICLE VII

Maintenance of Discipline

Section 1. Guidelines for Issuance of Adverse (Disciplinary) Actions: When disciplinary actions against employees are warranted, supervisors should refer to the following procedures. Inquiries or requests for assistance may be made to the Office of Compliance, at (202) 673-3333, between 0815 and 1645 hours. Disciplinary actions against firefighters at the rank of captain and below shall be governed by the collective bargaining agreement between the Department and D.C. Fire Fighters’ Association Local 36 and Chapter 16 of the D.C. Personnel Manual (DPM). In the event of a conflict between the collective bargaining agreement and Chapter 16, the collective bargaining agreement shall prevail. In disciplinary actions against firefighters above the rank of Captain, the provisions of Chapter 16 of the DPM and Section 17 of this Article, shall apply; except that the rights of chief officers appointed before December 3, 1980, which were in effect as of December 3, 1980, shall not be diminished by application of Section 17 of this Article. Section 2. Definition of Cause: The following is the definition of cause: (a) Conviction of a felony; (b) Conviction of a misdemeanor based on conduct relevant to an employee’s position, job duties, or job activities; (c) Any knowing or negligent material misrepresentation on an employment application; (d) Any knowing or negligent material misrepresentation on other document given to a government agency; (e) Any on-duty or employment-related act or omission that an employee knew or should reasonably have known is a violation of law; (f) Any on-duty or employment-related act or omission that interferes with the efficiency and integrity of government operations, to include:

(1) Unauthorized absence; (2) Absence without official leave; (3) Neglect of duty; (4) Insubordination; (5) Incompetence;

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(6) Misfeasance; (7) Malfeasance; (8) Unreasonable failure to assist a fellow government employee in carrying out assigned duties; (9) Unreasonable failure to give assistance to the public;

(g) Any other on-duty or employment-related reason for corrective or adverse action that is not arbitrary or capricious; (h) Any act which constitutes a criminal offense whether or not the act results in a conviction; and (i) Use of illegal drugs, unauthorized use or abuse of prescription drugs, use of alcohol while on duty, or a positive drug test result. Members should not be subject to discipline for extremely minor (“de minimis”) infractions. For the purposes of this section, “employment-related act or omission” means an act or omission, occurring during a time that the member was other than on duty, and which adversely and materially has affected, or is likely to affect, the efficiency of government operations or the member’s performance of his or her duties. The authority for this section is contained in Section 1603 of the District of Columbia Personnel Regulations, effective May 30, 2000. Section 3. Adverse Actions: A corrective or adverse action, including without limitation, suspension, reduction in grade, or removal, may only be taken for cause against members in the career services who have passed their probationary period. Members are entitled, except in the case of summary action, to advance written notice of fifteen (15) days for proposed adverse action and ten (10) days for proposed corrective action. Enforced Leave, as defined in Section 14, is not considered to be an adverse or corrective action. Section 4. Disciplinary Reporting Procedures: Officers, supervisors or members shall promptly report, in writing, apparent or alleged infractions of discipline that are observed or brought to their attention. Reports concerning such incidents shall be addressed to the responsible Assistant Fire Chief and "EXPEDITED", with endorsements. Said reports shall be received by the Assistant Fire Chief not later than their next regularly scheduled tour of duty or regular workday, following the occurrence. All reports and endorsements shall state all particulars and pertinent facts pertaining to the matter and cite action(s) to be taken without recommending a specific penalty. Sufficient copies of

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these documents shall be made to allow forwarding to each level of the charged individual's chain-of-command. In the Fire Fighting Division, the proposing official at the appropriate level shall hand carry the original and one (1) copy of all relevant reports, with endorsements, to the designated deciding official. Officers or supervisors witnessing such actions and/or receiving such reports shall immediately initiate the following actions:

1. Interview members and witnesses and obtain a written report regarding the incident.

2. Prepare a complete and factual record of available information which identifies all persons, places and pertinent statements or documents contained in the record.

3. Evaluate all available information to determine if a violation has occurred and if so, state

the Article and Section of the Order Book or the Rules and Regulations involved, and cite the individual concerned with the appropriate cause(s) listed in Section 1603, Chapter 16, of the District Personnel Manual (DPM).

4. Review member's personnel record and cite all relevant factors, including but not limited

to, length of employment and prior disciplinary infractions, including 169s, which have occurred in the past three (3) years. The prior infractions need not be for the same cause as is currently pending.

5. Prepare and forward such reports through the chain-of-command to the appropriate

Assistant Fire Chief. If there is sufficient basis to proceed with possible disciplinary action, the member should be charged with a specific on-duty or employment-related act or omission, as defined in Section 2 of this Article. Examples include, but are not limited to, unauthorized absence, negligence, incompetence, insubordination, misfeasance, malfeasance, the unreasonable failure to assist a fellow government employee in performing his or her official duties, the unreasonable failure to give assistance to a member of the public seeking services or information from the government. The Assistant Fire Chief has the discretion to refer the matter to the Disciplinary Investigation Board (DIB), if he or she believes that additional information is warranted to make a determination as to whether to proceed, or as to the appropriate Proposed Action (as described in Section 7, below). If the Assistant Fire Chief decides not to refer the case to the DIB, he or she shall refer the matter directly to a Battalion Fire Chief (BFC) Conference, a Deputy Fire Chief (DFC) Conference, or a Trial Board, as provided in Section 13 below, based on a consideration of the nature of the offense, the member’s prior disciplinary history and any other relevant aggravating or mitigating factors. In the case of a BFC conference, the matter shall not be referred to the BFC who is in the direct chain of command of the member.

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Section 5. Disciplinary Investigation Board (Uniformed Members Only): The Disciplinary Investigation Board (DIB) shall: 1. Be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the Fire/EMS Chief. 2. Be composed of three (3) captains who will serve a term of 18 months. When a member

attains 18 months service they would be relieved, thereby retaining members with 12 and 6 months service. The member with 6 months remaining would be designated chairperson. When possible, the new appointee will be a junior captain.

It shall be the duties of the DIB to: 1. Receive and review reports or other information indicating an infraction of discipline or

violation of law, rule, regulation, provisions of the Department’s Order Book or improper procedure by officers and uniformed members of the Department.

2. Investigate each case received if required. 3. Determine whether the interest of the public or the Department is best served by requiring

an action against the accused. 4. Submit a written report and F&EMSD Form 2.2 to the Assistant Fire Chief,

recommending one (1) of the following:

a. Trial Board (Suspension of 120 duty hours or more, including termination.) b. Deputy Fire Chief Conference (Suspension of more than 72 duty hours, but less

than 120 duty hours.) c. Battalion Fire Chief Conference (Reprimand to a suspension of 72 duty hours.) d. No further action. e. Other.

The operational procedures of the DIB shall be: 1. The chairperson of the DIB shall schedule the pick-up (and distribution to members of

the DIB) of disciplinary cases on a weekly basis, or more often, if necessary. 2. The member assigned to the case(s) shall:

a. Distribute copies of all reports and information to other members of the Board and to the Office of Compliance (documents of arrest, court findings, etc.).

b. Be responsible for the complete investigation of the case and have all requests for additional information by other Board members directed to them.

c. Make a file folder, if one does not already exist, on each case for the DIB records. Submit one (1) F&EMSD Form 2 (“Initial Written Notice”) on each case to the

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Office of Compliance. d. Receive recommendations from other Board members before final disposition of

the case. e. Prepare a summary of the DIB investigation and an F&EMSD Form 2.2 (DIB

Recommendation) and forward them to the Assistant Fire Chief. The DIB shall have the authority to: 1. Interview any and all members having knowledge pertinent to a disciplinary case. The

interview shall be conducted in accordance with Article 8 (Investigations and Supervisory Questioning), of the Collective Bargaining Agreement between Local 36, IAFF, and the Department. An F&EMSD Form 2.1 (Notification of DIB Interview) shall be submitted at least seven (7) days prior to the interview.

2. Review master personnel files, and/or any other Department records if required. 3. Request written reports from any member whom the Board determines could supply

additional facts concerning a case. Members of the DIB will arrange for relief from duty through their Battalion Fire Chief or immediate supervisor for a scheduled pick-up of cases, and when necessary to attend: 1. Court hearings. 2. Court trials. 3. Arraignments. 4. Trial Boards. 5. Other procedures where the appearance of a member of the Board as a representative of

the Department is warranted. Section 6. Investigation of Motor Vehicle Accidents Upon completion of an investigation of a motor vehicle accident by the Accident Investigation Board, the investigating official or safety official shall forward a copy of the FEMSD Form 7 (Vehicle Accident Investigation) to the Office of Compliance. Section 7. Notice of Charges A member shall be notified of the alleged infraction or complaint filed against him/her, in writing, within seventy-five (75) days after the alleged infraction or complaint or such time as the employer becomes aware of the alleged infraction or complaint. This notification shall be referred to as the “Initial Written Notification.” The member shall verify his receipt of the

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notification, and all reports related to the incident shall be made available to him/her upon request. Within 60 days of the receipt of the Initial Written Notification the member shall be notified of the type of Departmental action that will be pursued. This notification shall be referred to as the “Proposed Action.” The proposed action shall provide for the range of discipline being considered by stating the type of Conference or Trial Board available to the employee. It shall also inform the member of the following: 1. The specific reasons for the proposed action;

2. The right to challenge the Proposed Action by notifying the Fire/EMS Chief, in writing,

within ten (10) days of the Department’s issuance of the Proposed Action. This challenge shall initiate a Battalion or Deputy Fire Chief’s Conference or a Trial Board, as applicable to the proposed discipline;

3. The right to receive a copy of all materials upon which the proposed action is based and the name of the person from whom the material may be obtained;

4. The right to be represented in the Conference if the member wishes to be so represented,

and the representative agrees to so represent the member; and 5. The right to respond which includes the right to present an oral and/or written response,

witness statements, affidavits or documents or any other form or depiction of information.

The Initial Written Notification and the Proposed Action shall be issued by officers at the rank of Battalion Fire Chief and above. Challenges of Proposed Actions in which the maximum penalty that may be imposed does not exceed a 72 duty-hour suspension shall be heard at a Battalion Fire Chief Conference. Such cases shall include, but not be limited to, charges of the following infractions:

• Late for duty up to three times; • Discourteous to other members or to citizens; • Uniform violations; • AWOL, not exceeding 12 hours; • Missing a run; • At fault for a minor accident; • Other minor violations of duties and responsibilities, e.g., missing a clinic

appointment or training class. Challenges of Proposed Actions in which the maximum penalty that may be imposed is greater than a 72 duty-hour suspension but less than a 120 duty-hour suspension shall be heard at a

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Deputy Fire Chief Conference. Such cases shall include, but not be limited to, charges of the following infractions:

• Late for duty more than 3 times; • Conduct unbecoming an officer; • AWOL for more than 12 hours; • At fault for a major accident; • Insubordination; • Other serious violations of duties and responsibilities; • More than 3 infractions of the same offense within a 3-year period.

The member shall acknowledge receipt of all notices by signing and printing his or her name as indicated. This signature is not an admission of guilt. If the member refuses to acknowledge receipt of the notice, the official serving said notice shall state this on the signature page of the acknowledgment. In addition, this page shall contain the signature of the official serving, the date the notice was served, and the signature of the witness to the service. If the member is not in a duty status, all notices shall be sent to the member’s last known address by courier, or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. The first day of the notice period shall be the day following the date on which service is made to the member, either in person, by courier, or by certified or registered mail, or the date on which service was attempted and refused. In the case of criminal charges against a member, all proceedings other than issuance of the Initial Written Notification may be tolled by the Department until completion of the criminal process. Section 8. Penalties: A. All penalties involving loss of time or pay shall be expressed in terms of the number of

duty hours involved. [B. Douglas Factor Considerations Any appropriate remedy from reprimand to removal

may be selected. Consideration shall be given to any mitigating or aggravating circumstances that have been determined to exist, to such extent and with such weight as is deemed appropriate. A number of factors that are relevant for consideration in determining the appropriateness of a penalty are known as the “Douglas Factors”. While the following list is not purported to be exhaustive, these are factors that, if relevant, may be considered:]

1. The nature and seriousness of the offense and its relation to the member’s

position, duties and responsibilities, including whether the offense was intentional, technical or inadvertent, or was committed maliciously or for gain, or was frequently repeated.

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2. The member’s job level, type of employment, contacts with the public and the prominence of the position.

3. The member’s past work record, including length of service, performance on the

job, dependability, and ability to get along with fellow co-workers. 4. The effect of the offense upon the member’s ability to perform at a satisfactory

level and its effect upon the supervisor’s confidence in the member’s ability to perform assigned duties.

5. The consistency of the penalty with those imposed upon other members over the preceding three (3) years for the same or a similar offense.

6. The member’s past disciplinary record over the preceding three (3) years. Corrective and adverse actions may be considered for three (3) years following their effective dates and admonitions may be considered for three (3) years following the date of issuance.

7. Consistency of the penalty with the District Personnel Manual Chapter 16 Table of Appropriate Penalties.

8. [The notoriety of the offense, or its impact on the Department.] 9. The clarity with which the member was on notice of any rules that were violated

in committing the offense, or had been warned about the conduct in question. 10. The potential for the member’s rehabilitation. 11. Any mitigating circumstances surrounding the offense such as unusual job

tensions, personality problems, mental impairment, harassment, bad faith, malice or provocation on the part of others involved in the matter.

12. The adequacy and effectiveness of alternative sanctions to deter such conduct in the future by the member or others.

[Not all twelve (12) “Douglas Factors” are pertinent in every case. Mitigating factors may weigh in the employee’s favor resulting in a lesser penalty, while aggravating factors may weigh against the employee resulting in a harsher penalty. Deciding officials must balance the relevant factors in each individual case to determine an appropriate penalty.

Douglas Factor No. 5 (Article VII, § 8(B)(5)): Protective Order Issuance Mandatory

— Discipline files of District of Columbia employees are both private and confidential, and the Department is prohibited from disclosing these files absent either employee consent or a court order. Whenever the Department determines that a member’s record request — whether made in conjunction with Douglas Factor No. 5 or any other aspect of disciplinary proceedings — would necessitate the exchange of a co-worker’s discipline file, the Department’s Protective Order (Form 3.3) must first be signed by the Trial Board Chairperson. The Form 3.3 may not be modified or amended, and no co-worker discipline records may be exchanged beyond the 3-year period recited in Article VII, § 8(B)(5). Any employee who violates the Protective Order will be subject to disciplinary action.]

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Section 9. Battalion Fire Chief Conference: The Battalion Fire Chief shall review the proposed action and schedule a conference to hear the member’s answer to the proposed action, if there is one. Reasonable notice of the time and place of the conference shall be provided to the Union. If, at any time, the member chooses to be represented in the Conference, the representative (if willing to represent the member) must be present before the conference may proceed. The Battalion Chief is authorized to negotiate a settlement agreement. Any negotiated settlement must be transmitted up the chain of command through the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief to the Fire/EMS Chief. If the Fire/EMS Chief disapproves the settlement, the BFC shall proceed with the formal disciplinary process. Extensions of time in which to respond shall be granted by the Battalion Fire Chief for good cause. Any statements made in the conference (including but not limited to any proposed penalty, settlement or resolution of the matter) shall not be used as a precedent in any future cases. Nontraditional penalties including transfer, reassignment and change of days off are specifically permitted under this Section if the affected member agrees to the penalty. The Battalion Fire Chief shall notify the member in writing of the decision in the case, including the penalty (if any) imposed. Upon delivery of the final decision, the Battalion Fire Chief shall make five copies. The officer shall retain a copy and shall distribute 1 copy to the Company Officer, and one copy to the Union. The remaining copies, along with the case file, shall be forwarded to the Office of Compliance. The affected member shall have the right to appeal the Battalion Fire Chief’s decision within fifteen (15) calendar days of receipt of the final decision to the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief who may approve the action, reduce the penalty or dismiss the case. The member may also appeal the Assistant Fire Chief’s decision within fifteen (15) calendar days of receipt to the Fire/EMS Chief or his designee, who may adopt either the Battalion Fire Chief’s or Assistant Fire Chief’s action, reduce the penalty issued by the Assistant Fire Chief or dismiss the case. The decision of the Fire/EMS Chief or his designee to deny the appeal, in whole or in part, shall be the final administrative decision and shall not be subject to further administrative appeal. Failure by the Fire/EMS Chief to respond to the appeal within sixty (60) calendar days shall constitute a denial of the appeal. Section 10. Deputy Fire Chief Conference: The Deputy Fire Chief shall review the proposed action and schedule a conference to hear the member’s answer to the proposed action, if there is one. Reasonable notice of the time and place of the conference shall be provided to the Union. Extensions of time in which to respond shall be granted by the Deputy Fire Chief for good cause. Any statements made in the conference (including but not limited to any proposed penalty, settlement or resolution of the matter) shall not be used as a precedent in any future cases. Nontraditional penalties including transfer or reassignment (within the Agency) and change of days off are specifically permitted under this

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Section. If at any time, the member chooses to be represented in the Conference, the representative (if willing to represent the member) must be present before the disciplinary conference may proceed. The Deputy Fire Chief is authorized to negotiate a settlement agreement. Any negotiated settlement must be transmitted up the chain of command through the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief to the Fire/EMS Chief. If the Fire/EMS Chief disapproves the settlement, the DFC shall proceed with the formal disciplinary process. The Deputy Fire Chief shall notify the member in writing of the decision in the case, including the penalty (if any) imposed. Upon delivery of the final decision, the Deputy Fire Chief shall make six copies. The officer shall retain a copy and distribute 1 copy to the Battalion Fire Chief’s office, 1 copy to the Company Officer, and 1 copy to the Union. The remaining copies, along with the case file, shall be forwarded to the Office of Compliance. The affected member shall have the right to appeal the Deputy Fire Chief’s decision to a Trial Board constituted pursuant to Section 11 of this Article within fifteen (15) calendar days of receipt of the decision. The Trial Board shall recommend to the Fire/EMS Chief or his/her designee, approval of the Deputy Fire Chief’s decision, modification of (but not an increase in) the penalty or dismissal of the case. The Trial Board may either hold a hearing or may make a decision based on the evidence submitted at the Deputy Fire Chief’s conference. Should the Trial Board decline to conduct a hearing, management or the member may provide the Trial Board with written arguments. Section 11. Fire Trial Boards - Composition, Function, Powers: The functions and powers of Fire Trial Boards shall be set forth in Reorganization Order No. 39 (June 18, 1953) as amended. All cases in which a member is charged with an infraction for which the penalty that may be imposed is termination, demotion or a 120 duty-hour suspension or greater shall be submitted to a Trial Board. The appropriate Assistant Fire Chief shall forward a request for adverse action, along with a copy of the supporting documentation, to the Office of Compliance. The Office of Compliance shall prepare the Initial Written Notification and the Proposed Action for signature by the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief. The affected member shall be notified in writing of the date to appear before the Trial Board. The Trial Board hearing shall begin within 180 days of the member’s receipt of the Initial Written Notification. A member may request a postponement or continuance of the Trial Board Hearing. Such a request must be in writing and include the number of days needed. The 180-day time limit shall automatically be extended by the length of the postponement or continuance granted by the Department. The Trial Board shall consist of two (2) battalion fire chiefs and two (2) captains. In selecting members of a Trial Board from members of the Bargaining Unit, the Fire/EMS Chief shall have complete discretion in selecting the members of the Trial Board, and to determine the length of

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time that appointees serve on Trial Boards, subject to the right of an affected employee to challenge any member of the Trial Board pursuant to Article VII, Section 17 of the Department Rules and Regulations, provided, that captains appointed to the Trial Board shall be selected and shall rotate in accordance with the previously established procedures. Captains may serve for a period of 30 to 90 days, as determined by the Fire/EMS Chief and no Captain who is a member of the Executive Board of Local 36 shall serve on a Trial Board. The Fire Trial Board Chairperson is responsible for ensuring that Trial Board decisions are issued in a timely manner and that decisions are grammatically correct, free of typographical errors, and based on evidence produced at the Trial Board. Chairpersons who need assistance on preparing the decision are instructed to contact the Office of Compliance for guidance. Decisions are due in the Compliance Office within 14 calendars of the completion of the Trial Board hearing. If the Chairperson needs additional time, he or she is required to request an extension, in writing, from the Operations Chief before the due date. The Operations Chief may grant an extension for good cause shown. Chairpersons who fail to adhere to these instructions may be subject to disciplinary action. This provision is intended to promote administrative efficiency and is not intended to convey any substantial rights to the employee. Non-traditional penalties including transfer or reassignment (within the Agency) and change of days off are specifically permitted under this Section. When a case is brought before the Trial Board, the Trial Board shall make a determination as to the guilt or innocence of the member and recommend an appropriate penalty. The Trial Board’s recommendation is then sent to the Fire/EMS Chief for review. Upon receipt of the Trial Board’s recommendation, the Fire/EMS Chief shall either adopt the penalty (if any) recommended by the Trial Board, reduce the penalty, or dismiss the case. The decision of the Fire/EMS Chief in this instance may only be appealed to the OEA and shall be based solely on the record established by the Trial Board. The Fire/EMS Chief is authorized to negotiate a settlement agreement at any time before the final decision is issued. If a case arises when the Trial Board cannot reach a consensus or majority decision and is unable to render a decision, the Trial Board will notify the Assistant Fire Chief (AFC) who will intervene to facilitate. After deliberation with the AFC, the Trial Board shall render a decision, adopting the AFC’s recommendation if a dispute continues to exist. Upon receipt of the Board’s recommendation, the Fire/EMS Chief shall either adopt the penalty (if any) recommended by the Board, modify (but not increase) the penalty, or dismiss the case. In cases of termination so resolved through the intervention of the Assistant Fire Chief, upon a final decision by the Fire/EMS Chief, if the member or union is dissatisfied with such decision, the member or the Union may either appeal the matter to the Office of Employee Appeals, or submit the dispute to arbitration by notifying the Fire/EMS Chief pursuant to the grievance and arbitration provisions in the collective bargaining agreement between Local 36 and the Department. In any such arbitration, the Department shall be required to establish that termination was for cause. Except as provided above, a member may appeal the decision of the Fire/EMS Chief only to the Office of Employee Appeals, as permissible and in accordance with that Office’s Rules and

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Regulations. Appeals of decisions premised upon Trial Board recommendations shall be based solely on the record established in the Trial Board hearing. The filing of an appeal under this paragraph shall not stay the implementation of the Fire/EMS Chief’s decision. [Section 12. Appeal of Adverse Actions: The affected member may appeal an adverse action to the District of Columbia Office of Employee Appeals. Appeals of decisions premised upon Trial Board recommendations shall be based solely on the record established in the Trial Board hearing. In cases of termination resolved through the intervention of the Assistant Fire Chief as described in Section 11, the affected member or union may submit the dispute to arbitration by notifying the Fire/EMS Chief pursuant to the grievance and arbitration provisions in the collective bargaining agreement. A member shall be deemed to have elected his or her remedy when he or she files a disciplinary grievance or an appeal. An appeal or grievance of a decision issued by the Fire/EMS Chief shall not stay the implementation of the proposed action. Members outside the Bargaining Unit who were appointed before December 3, 1980, shall appeal the Fire/EMS Chief's decision to the Mayor. Members outside the Bargaining Unit who were appointed after December 3, 1980, shall appeal the Fire/EMS Chief’s decision in accordance with this Section. Section 13. Suspensions: A member who is insubordinate may be relieved from duty "on the spot" and placed on administrative leave for the remainder of their tour of duty. This "relief from duty" is to prevent a potentially hostile situation from escalating. The member so relieved shall return to duty on their next regularly scheduled tour. If this is not practicable, administrative leave may be extended at the discretion of the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief. . The official who places the member on administrative leave shall immediately prepare a Special Report addressed to the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief stating full particulars and citing the appropriate violation(s) of either the Order Book or Rules and Regulations and the proper cause(s) listed in Section 1603, Chapter 16, of the District Personnel Manual.

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Section 14. Enforced Leave: Pursuant to D.C. Official Code § 1-617.54, civilian and uniformed members may be placed on “Enforced Leave” by order of the appropriate Assistant Fire Chief under the following conditions: 1. A determination is made that the member used fraud in securing his/her appointment or

that he/she falsified official records; 2. The member has been indicted on, arrested for, or convicted of a felony charge (including

conviction following a plea of no contest); or 3. The member has been indicted on, arrested for, or convicted of any crime (including

conviction following a plea of no contest) that bears a relationship to his/her position. Prior to being placed on enforced leave, the member shall be placed on administrative leave for a period of five workdays, followed by enforced annual leave, then compensatory time which is recorded on time and attendance records, and finally, leave without pay. The five-day period of administrative leave begins on the first workday immediately following the day on which the member was placed on administrative leave. The member shall remain in enforced leave status until such time as a disciplinary action is completed or a determination is made that no such action will be taken. During the five-day period of administrative leave, the member shall be provided with a written notice of the proposed action to enforce leave. To ensure receipt within the 5 day period, the initial delivery of notice may be accomplished either in person or by reading the notice to the member over the telephone prior to actual delivery of the written notice. The person reading the notice shall make a journal entry to document the fact that an oral notice was given to the member. The Assistant Fire Chief shall forward a request for enforced leave, along with a copy of supporting documentation, such as arrest reports, to the Office of Compliance. The Office of Compliance shall prepare the written notice for signature by the Assistant Fire Chief. The written notice shall be prepared in accordance with the Enforced Leave provisions of Chapter 16 of the District Personnel Manual. Within the 5-day administrative leave period, the member may respond to the proposal to place him or her on enforced leave. This response must be made by the end of the first workday immediately following the day on which initial delivery of the notice was made. [The Assistant Fire Chief will consider the member’s explanation, if any, and statements of any witnesses prior to issuing a written decision. If a determination is made to place the member on enforced leave, the decision letter shall be prepared by the Office of Compliance for signature by the Assistant Fire Chief. The notice shall inform the member of his or her placement on enforced leave, the date the leave is to commence, and his or her right to appeal the action within 10 days of receipt

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of the written decision letter. The notice shall also inform the member that if the enforced leave lasts 10 or more days, he or she has the right to file an appeal with the Office of Employee Appeals within 30 days of the effective date of the appealed agency action. The enforced leave shall begin on the first business day following the completion of the 5-day administrative leave period. The Assistant Fire Chief shall immediately institute disciplinary action against any member placed on enforced leave, except that the disciplinary action may be held in abeyance while criminal proceedings are pending. If no disciplinary action is taken against the employee, or if a decision is made to dismiss the disciplinary action against the employee, any annual leave, compensatory time, or pay lost as a result of this action shall be restored retroactively. If the final decision is to suspend the member for any period of time, any pay, annual leave or compensatory time lost as a result of the enforced leave shall be restored to the member to the extent that this loss exceeds the penalty imposed by the final decision. If disciplinary action results in removal, the member shall not be entitled to restored leave, compensatory time, or pay. For the purposes of this section, “work day” is defined as follows for all Divisions: A work day shall be the same as a business day, i.e., Monday through Friday, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Legal Holidays. NOTE: The total hours for which a member will be placed on administrative leave will vary according to his/her assignment, as will the total number of hours the member will be charged while on enforced leave. Section 15. Suspected Intoxication - Alcohol Or Drugs: When a member of the Department clearly exhibits erratic behavior consistent with intoxication, giving the on-duty company officer probable cause to believe that the member is under the influence of alcohol or drugs to the extent that their physical and mental faculties are affected and their judgment is impaired, the on-duty company officer shall: 1. Temporarily relieve the member from duty.

2. Order them to submit to the necessary tests to determine their physical and/or mental

condition. If they refuse: 1. Notify them that they are in violation of a direct order and this could lead to disciplinary

action. 2. Keep them under as close observation as the service permits. 3. Contact a member of the Police and Fire Clinic and request them to make an examination

of the member in quarters, and if this is not practical, be guided by the doctor's advice.

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4. Place the company out-of-service. 5. Notify the Battalion Fire Chief. If they agree to take the test: 1. Contact a member of the Police and Fire Clinic and be guided by the doctor's advice. 2. Place the company out-of-service. 3. Notify the Battalion Fire Chief. The Battalion Fire Chief shall: 1. Report to the quarters of the member concerned. 2. If the member refuses to take the test, await the arrival of the member of the Police and

Fire Clinic. 3. If the member agrees to take the necessary tests:

a. If the member is suspected of alcohol intoxication, have the on-duty company officer contact the Traffic Alcohol Enforcement Unit (TAEU) of the Metropolitan Police Department to make arrangements for the member in question to be evaluated for intoxication. The TAEU may be contacted at (202) 727-4439, twenty-four (24) hours a day, seven (7) days a week.

Once arrangements have been made, transport the member to the TAEU at 501 New York Ave., N.W., for evaluation. It is essential to obtain the test results in writing. Note: The TAEU is not equipped to do blood tests and cannot take urine samples because it lacks the capability to ensure proper "chain-of-custody".

b. If the member is suspected of being under the influence of a drug other than alcohol, transport the member (call first), during normal hours of operation, Monday through Friday (except holidays), to the Medical Services Office (MSO) for evaluation. If the situation arises other than the times mentioned, order the member to report to the MSO at 0700 hours on the next business day for evaluation. If the member's actions indicate that they may be in need of immediate medical attention, have the member transported to the nearest hospital emergency room.

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4. If practical, return the member to the quarters of the company or office to which they were assigned at the time they were relieved from duty.

5. Direct the member to report to the MSO the morning of the second (2nd) day following

the incident. When such reporting day falls on a day that the MSO is closed, the member shall report the next day thereafter that the MSO is open.

If the member is found to be physically and mentally fit, he or she will be returned to full duty.

6. Notify the MSO, at the earliest possible time, that they had a test for intoxication made on

a member of the Department. 7. After the district physician has correlated the tests results with their examination of the

member, ask the physician for a statement that it is their (the physician's) opinion that the member had/had not been under the influence of alcohol, or that their physical and mental faculties were/were not affected and their judgment was/was not impaired.

8. Review all reports of the case, and cite the member for infractions, if any. 9. After the examination of the member on the second (2nd) day following the incident,

confer with the physician concerned as to the desirability of further visits to the MSO by the member for the purpose of the physician making a diagnosis or to determine if the member is addicted to narcotics.

Section 16. Tardiness - Absence Without Leave: Tardiness is defined as: Any absence of up to one (1) hour from duty which has not been approved in accordance with established policy and procedures. In such cases, pay is denied for the entire period of absence. Where it is determined however, that the absence is excusable because of conditions which rendered prior approval impractical, the charge of absence without leave shall be changed to annual leave or sick leave. The minimum charge for absence without leave (AWOL) is one (1) hour and a member shall not be allowed to perform any duties during the remaining portion of the hour for which they have been charged. For example, if a member is late or absent from their duties without permission for ten (10) minutes, they shall be placed on AWOL for one (1) hour and not be allowed to work the remaining fifty (50) minutes. When unable to report to their place of duty at the proper time, a member shall: 1. Make every effort to contact, or cause to be contacted, their place of duty and inform the

on-duty company officer/supervisor that they will be absent or tardy.

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2. Give a brief explanation of the reason for the absence or tardiness. 3. Give an estimated time of arrival for duty. When members of the Department fail to report for duty at the proper time and place, they will be subject to a charge of AWOL, and in addition, may be subject to disciplinary action. When a member of the Department fails to report for duty at the proper time and place, the on- duty company officer shall notify the battalion commander of the absence and charge the member with being AWOL. The officer shall document the AWOL on D.C. Standard Form 1199-A, “Notification of Charge to Absence Without Official Leave (AWOL).” Section 17. Guidelines for the Issuance of Corrective and Adverse Actions Against Chief Officers and Civilian (DS and WG) Employees: This section shall apply to fire officers above the rank of captain and to civilian employees in the career service who have passed their probationary period. 1. Investigation

Supervisors who observe or receive reports of employee misconduct, inefficiency, or violation of laws, regulations or instructions, or any other act which appears to warrant a disciplinary action, shall, when employee counseling (F&EMSD Form 169) is deemed inappropriate, or previous counseling has failed to correct the conduct, take the following course of action:

a. Interview and obtain written statements of witnesses of the conduct or behavior which

would appear to form the basis for a corrective or adverse action to be initiated. Interview the accused member, and if possible, obtain the member’s written statement describing or explaining their actions.

b. Prepare a complete and factual record of available information which identifies all persons, places and pertinent facts or documents. Include copies of the relevant document with the record.

c. Identify the cause as defined in Section 2 of this Article, and recommend a proposed

penalty, based on a consideration of all facts, including mitigating and aggravating factors.

d. Forward the report to the Office of Compliance in order that the Advance Notice of Proposed Action shall be prepared and issued within ninety (90) business days from the date of the incident.

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2. Preparation of Advance Notice of Proposed Disciplinary Action

a. When the proposing official is a firefighting official in the career service, the Office of Compliance shall forward the package prepared pursuant to paragraph 1 to an Assistant Fire Chief who is an at-will employee or its equivalent. The Assistant Fire Chief shall either approve or disapprove the institution of the disciplinary action and the proposed penalty. The Assistant Fire Chief’s function is not to weigh the evidence. Operating on the assumption that all the alleged facts are true, the Assistant Fire Chief’s function is simply to give approval (or disapproval) for the initiation of the proposed action.

b. Employees in the Management and Supervisory Service (MSS) and Excepted Service

may initiate a disciplinary action without obtaining authorization from an Assistant Fire Chief.

c. The “Advance Notice of Proposed Action” shall inform the member of the following: 1. .The action that is proposed and the cause for the action; 2. The specific reasons for the proposed action; 3. The right to prepare a written response, including affidavits and other

documentation, within six (6) days of receipt of the advance written notice; 4. The person to whom the written response or any request is to be presented; 5. The right to review any material upon which the proposed action is based;

6. In the case of a proposed adverse action, the right to be represented by an attorney or other representative;

7. In the case of a proposed corrective action, there is no right to representation, except that members of collective bargaining units have rights to representation as set forth in the collective bargaining agreement;

8. The right to an administrative review by a hearing officer appointed by the agency head when the proposed action is a removal; and

9. The right to a written decision. 3. Representation and Administrative Leave

If in a duty status, the member against whom an adverse action has been proposed and their representative, if an employee of the District Government, is entitled to a reasonable

amount of time, not to exceed ten (10) hours of administrative leave each, to prepare the member’s answer.

Members being charged with corrective actions have no right to administrative leave, except that members of collective bargaining units and their representatives are entitled to administrative leave in accordance with the collective bargaining agreement.

The Fire/EMS Chief or his designee shall have the right to disallow a person chosen by the member to represent him or her if:

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a. The person is another District government employee and representation by that person

conflicts with a governmental priority; or b. Representation by that person creates a clear conflict of interest or conflict of official

position, or the person is a material witness to the facts underlying the proposed adverse action.

4. Service of the Notice

The member shall acknowledge receipt of the advance notice by signing and printing his or her name as indicated. This signature is not an admission of guilt. If the member refuses to acknowledge receipt of the notice, the official serving said notice shall state this on the signature page of the acknowledgment. In addition, this page shall contain the signature of the official serving the notice, the date the notice was served and the signature of the witness.

If the member is not in a duty status, the advance notice shall be sent to the member’s last known address by courier, or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. The first day of the notice period shall be the day following the date on which service is made to the employee, either in person, by courier, or by certified or registered mail, or the date on which service was attempted and refused.

5. Member’s Response to Notice of Proposal

The member’s response shall be in writing. If the proposal is for removal, the response shall be submitted to the hearing officer, in care of the Office of Compliance. If the proposal is other than removal, the response shall be submitted to the deciding official, also in care of the Office of Compliance. The member has six days from the date of the receipt of the advanced notice to respond. The deciding official or the hearing officer may grant extensions of time at their discretion for good cause.

The right to respond shall include the right to present evidence that the member believes might affect the final decision on the proposed action. Evidence may include written statements of witnesses, affidavits, or documents or any other form or depiction of information.

6. Duties of the Hearing Officer

The member is entitled to an administrative review only in cases where the proposed penalty is removal. The administrative review will be conducted by a hearing officer. The hearing officer shall:

a. Be appointed by the agency head; b. Be at DS-13 grade level and above, or equivalent;

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c. Not be in the supervisory chain of command between the proposing official and the deciding official, nor subordinate to the proposing official;

d. Have no direct and personal knowledge (other than hearsay that does not affect impartiality) of the matters contained in the proposed removal action; and

e. Be an attorney if an adversarial hearing is conducted. The functions of the hearing officer are similar to the functions formerly performed by the “disinterested designee” except that the hearing officer will make a recommendation based on the written record alone. A hearing will be conducted only when the Fire/EMS Chief or his/her designee makes a determination that the record is insufficient to make a determination. In all such cases where a hearing is required, the hearing shall be conducted by an attorney in accordance with DPM Instruction 16-5. The attorney shall not be the General Counsel, D.C. Fire and EMS. If needed, the Office of Compliance will consult with Office of Personnel to identify an attorney from outside the agency to serve as a hearing officer.

7. Notice of Final Decision

The deciding official, after considering the member’s response, or, in the case of proposed removal, the recommendation of the hearing officer, shall promptly issue the final letter of decision. The deciding official may 1) sustain the proposed penalty; 2) reduce the proposed penalty; 3) remand the action for further consideration; or 4) dismiss the action with or without prejudice. In no event may the deciding official increase the penalty from that proposed in the Advanced Notice of Proposal. The deciding official shall issue the final letter of decision at the earliest practicable date.

The final letter of decision shall inform the member of the penalty imposed, if any, and the effective date of the penalty. If the final decision results in corrective action (suspension of less than 10 days), the final letter shall inform the employee of the right to appeal the decision through the applicable grievance procedures. Members of bargaining units shall be referred to applicable grievance procedures contained in the Collective Bargaining Agreements. Personnel who are not members of collective bargaining units shall be subject to grievance procedures as set forth in Section 1636 of the District Personnel Manual. If the final decision results in adverse action (suspension of 10 days or more), the final letter shall inform the member of his/her right to appeal the decision to the Office of Employee Appeals.

The member shall acknowledge receipt of the final decision letter by signing and printing his/her name as indicated. This signature is not an admission of guilt. If the member refuses to acknowledge receipt of the notice, the official serving said notice shall state this on the signature page of the acknowledgment. In addition, this page shall contain the signature of the official serving the notice, the date the notice was served and the signature of the witness.

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If the member is not in a duty status, the notice of final decision shall be sent to the member’s last known address by courier, or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, before the effective date of the action.

8. Selection of a Penalty

Any appropriate remedy from reprimand to removal may be selected. Consideration shall be given to any mitigating or aggravating circumstances that have been determined to exist, to such extent and with such weight as is deemed appropriate. See Section 8 of this Article for a list of factors that may be considered.

9. Summary Discipline

The Assistant Fire Chief may summarily suspend (without pay) or remove a member when the member’s conduct:

a. Threatens the integrity of government operations; b. Constitutes an immediate hazard to the agency, to other District employees, or to

the employee; or c. Is detrimental to public health, safety, or welfare.

A member who is summarily suspended or removed by the Assistant Fire Chief shall immediately leave his or her duty station. Within five (5) business days of the proposed suspension or removal, the Assistant Fire Chief shall initiate a disciplinary proceeding in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 2 through 8 of this article.

When the final decision is to dismiss the summary action or to reduce it to a lesser penalty, any pay lost as a result of the summary suspension action, to the extent that this pay loss exceeds the pay lost as a result of the final decision, shall be restored to the member.

The suspension provisions in Section 13 of this Article remain in effect. Section 18. Definitions: Definitions - reference: Disciplinary Actions. Admonition - Any written communication from a supervisor to an employee, up to but excluding an Official Reprimand, which advises or counsels the employee about conduct or performance deficiencies, and the possibility that future violations will result in corrective or adverse action. Adverse Action - A removal, suspension for ten days or more, or reduction in rank, grade, or pay for cause.

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Appeal - An employee's written request for review and reconsideration of an imposed corrective or adverse action. Corrective Action - An Official Reprimand or suspension of less than 10 days for cause. Days - Consecutive calendar days, unless otherwise specified. Division Head - Deputy Fire Chief; Deputy Director - EMSB; or any other official designated by the Fire/EMS Chief as a Division Head. Official Reprimand - A final decision letter which is placed in the employee's Official Personnel Folder and which censures an employee for cause as prescribed in Section 2 of this Article. Supervisor - Anyone in the chain-of-command at a higher level than the involved employee.

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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 1 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued) Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 1 is a reissue of Old Bulletin No. 79 issued April 1987.

ELEVATORS - RELEASE OF ENTRAPPED PERSONS Introduction This Bulletin is designed to assist members of the Department in coping with emergencies involving elevators. There are more than 4.000 elevators in the District of Columbia. These elevators are provided with safeguards designed to prevent or minimize accidents. However, accidents and emergencies do occur, generally in the older installations, and the Fire Department is called. Fortunately most of the emergencies that occur involve frightened or inconvenienced passengers in a stalled elevator car and it is to this type of emergency that this Bulletin is directed. Part 1. Construction An elevator consists of the elevator car: steel guide rails of ‘T cross-section construction, usually two in number, fastened by brackets to the sides of the shaft providing a vertical track for the car; and guide shoes attached to the car to keep the car in sliding contact with the guide rails to prevent sway or lateral motion. On elevator cars that are suspended by steel wire cables, safeties will be found such as clamps activated by a governor designed to stop a car by clamping to the guide rails if the car is descending too fast or if the cables should break. There are two doors, the outer or shaft door, and the inner or car door. The shaft door usually has no power. Generally there are levers connecting the shaft door to the car door and when the car door opens, it also mechanically opens the shaft door. A key-way (keyhole) located in the upper corner of a shaft door provides a means of releasing a latch and opening the door manual ly. On single shaft elevators, the key-ways are usually located in the shaft doors on each floor including the basement. Where there is a bank elevator system (more than one car to a shaft), the keyways are usually located in the shaft doors of the basement, first and top floors only. The keys to unlock the shaft doors vary in size and shape. The rescue squads are equipped with most of the various keys. On some shaft doors, a plate may cover the key-way, this plate may be removed and the release tripped with a screwdriver if the proper key is not available. Once the latch is released, members can push or slide the shaft door open. Opening the car door usually requires releasing the car door latch and sliding this door open.

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Elevator cars suspended by steel wire cables have a brake between the electric motor and the winding drum. During normal operation an electrical magnet holds the brake shoes in the open position. When the electric current is cut off, demagnetizing this magnet, the brake shoes are closed and held closed by spring pressure; the winding drum then cannot move. Hydraulic elevators are operated by a piston and cylinder. The elevator car rides on the piston and the cylinder is recessed in the ground. The electrically driven hydraulic pump is located next to the cylinder and the electric switch is usually located at the hydraulic pump. When the flow of electricity is interrupted, operating solenoids cause the oil to be locked in the system, thereby stopping movement of the car. Part 2. Steps to be Taken for Elevator Emergency Responses 1. Determine the location of the elevator car and the condition of the passengers. Advise the

passengers that the Fire Department is on the scene and that steps are being taken to release them.

2. Try to locate the elevator maintenance man or building superintendent. If the cause i5 a

blown fuse or other minor electrical breakdown, he may be able to either restore service to the elevator, or by means of the emergency controls in the motor roan, bring the car to the nearest floor landing.

3. If the cause is unknown or is not readily corrected, secure or immobilize the car, then

release the passengers.

(a) Shut off the electric power to the stalled car. This will prevent the motor fran running and will cause the brakes to be applied or the hydraulic fluid locked in the system. Station a member to remain at the switch to prevent the power from being turned on. Tag the switch with an ‘ELECTRIC CURRENT CUT OFF” tag.

(b) Check to make sure that cables are not damaged and that there is tension on the

cables. If the cables are damaged or there is slack in the cables, always work above the car. Steps should be taken to secure the car with chains or cables. This should be done with extreme care and with as little disturbance to the car as possible.

(c) Use key to open shaft door and then open the car door. If there is no key-way on the

desired floor and it is a banked system, have two members take the adjoining car to a position opposite the stalled car, open the car door and shaft door of the adjoining car and use a pole to reach across the shaft and release the latch of the shaft door, other members on the floor can then manually open the shaft door. In other cases where there is no key-way in the shaft door to the stalled car, it may be necessary to “pole your way to the desired floor.” This is accomplished by going to the nearest floor to the stalled car having a shaft door with a key-way, open the shaft door at that paint, and by means of a pole reach either up or down the shaft depending upon where the

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car is located, and releasing the latch on the shaft door; other members on this floor would then slide the shaft door open. Repeat this procedure from floor to floor until the desired floor is reached.

(d) Once the shaft and car doors are opened, the entrapped persons may be removed, provided the location of the car does not present a hazard where the remote possibility exists that someone may fall down the shaft.

(e) If the location of the car does endanger the removal of entrapped persons, they shall

be removed through the emergency hatch in the ceiling of the car and taken through the shaft door to the floor above.

(f) After persons are removed, leave the electric current off and make sure that all shaft doors are secured.

Part 3. Fire Department Emergency Key Switch In addition to the key-way (keyhole) provided for opening elevator shaft doors, as described in paragraph 4 on the first page of this Bulletin, there is also provided, on all new automatic elevators (and old elevators which undergo major changes) erected subsequent to May 1969. a Fire Department Emergency Key Switch. This device may be used by Fire Department units to obtain use of such an elevator for fire service. This key is required under provisions of Section 290 of Title 13—A., D.C. Municipal Regulations. (1984 D.C. Elevator Code). Directions for use of this emergency key are copied from the 1984 D.C. Elevator Code: ‘‘SECTION 290 —Fire Department Emergency Operation Key for Automatic Elevators. (this section is applicable only to new installations or major changes in accordance with the general requirements of Section 114)’’ RULE: DCMR 1JA SECTIONS 290.1290.7 FIRE DEPARTMENT EMERGENCY KEY SWITCH

A key operated “Fire Department Switch’’ mounted adjacent to the elevator’s hoist-way door, shall be provided at the entry floor of the elevator. The key for this switch shall be kept in a master keyed locked compartment within sight of the elevator and constructed with a solid metal cover. The master lock of this compartment shall conform with the D.C. Pol ice and Fire Department’s call box key. When key switch is placed in operation it will cancel the calls registered on the car’s operation panel. Should the elevator be traveling in the up direction, it shall stop at the next floor at which it can make a normal stop, reverse direction without opening the doors, and travel to the entry floor without stopping at intermediate floors. Should the elevator be traveling in the down direction it

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shall travel directly to the entry floor. Part 4. Sequence of Operation When the fireman’s service is to be used on an elevator (or group of elevators). the large fire alarm box key is used to open the box containing the elevator company’s operating key. This key is inserted in the fireman’s key switch located outside the elevator that has the service installed. When the key is activated in the switch, it will cancel all registered calls the on elevator(s) and stop the car(s) at the nearest landing and without opening the doors, the elevator(s) will reverse and return to the main lobby. The operating key is then removed from the fireman’s switch at the lobby and inserted in the ‘‘Emergency Fireman’s Switch” in the elevator “Car Station.” When this switch is activated, complete control is placed on the car (hall buttons are inactive). To operate the car, use either the ‘‘Door Close Button” or a “Floor Button.” When either is used, the doors will close only by constant pressure on the button (if button is released, the door will reverse). When the doors are fully closed, select the floor and the car will travel to sane. The doors will not open until the “Door Open Button” is pressed the doors will open by constant pressure only (if the button is released, the doors will reverse). The car will remain at the landing with the doors open until the buttons are operated again and the sane procedure is repeated. When the elevator is to be removed from fireman’s service, it is returned to the main lobby; the operating key is removed from the “Car Station,” which will return the elevator(s) to automatic operation. The operating key is then returned to the “Emergency Fireman’s Box” for use in the future. Part 5. Metro System Electric Traction Elevator Rescue Procedures Elevators used in the Metro Rail System are of two (2) types: Electric Traction and Hydraulic. Hydraulic elevators are utilized throughout the Metro Rail System and are primarily used for service between mezzanine and platform levels. Electric Traction elevators are located on the “A” Route (Red Line) from Dupont Circle, north into Maryland. These elevators are located on the “A” Route when the depth from surface to mezzanine exceed the height limitations of hydraulic elevators. Rescue Procedures: 1. Report to the kiosk and determine which elevator is stalled or has a problem. If the

station attendant has not been successful in moving the car, check to see what steps have

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been taken and ascertain if the attendant has called for an elevator mechanic. If he has not called for a mechanic request that this be done and obtain an estimated time of arrival.

2. Contact the passengers through the elevator intercom system from the kiosk to determine

their condition, the number aboard, and to make sure that they have not erroneously stalled the car by activating the “Emergency Stop Button’’ on the car’s control panel. If they have, a loud bell should be ringing. If this is the case, pushing the “Emergency Stop Button” in, should allow the elevator to continue to the appropriate landing.

3. Check the elevator console in the kiosk to determine that the ‘‘Out of Service,”

“Override,” or “Emergency Stop” switches have not been activated in such a way as to cause the problem. The lights indicating activation of these switches could be burned out, leading to the false assumption that the car is in the automatic mode, when in fact it would not be responding to the passenger’s efforts to move the car. If all of these switches are in the normal position it may be possible to move the car from the kiosk console by placing the controls in the “Override” position and operating one of the “Landing’’ switches or the “Open Door” switch, whichever is appropriate.

4. If the above procedures do not work, an attempt may be made to bring the elevator to the

entrance level by using the “Fireman’s Emergency Elevator” key. “FEE” will be stamped on the key.

Sometimes, using either the ‘‘Fireman’s Service” or the kiosk ‘‘Override,’’ stuck or overheated switches will be bypassed allowing the elevator to proceed to the proper landing. While you are at the hoist-way, open the hoist-way door and ascertain the location of the elevator. It may be stalled at a larding and the passengers may be released at this point.

5. If the above methods fail to move the elevator to a landing, proceed to the appropriate

‘‘Elevator Machine Room” which houses the elevator control machinery for the elevator that you are working on. Each elevator in a Metro Station will have a number displayed on it (usually on the panel by the hoist-way door) and by matching that number with the same number in the‘‘Elevator Machine Room” you will know that you are in the correct room. These rooms are opened with the Metro ‘‘Master Key.” Upon obtaining entrance to the ‘‘Elevator Machine Room” locate the main power switch for the elevator in question. The switch will also be numbered and it is usually located to the right of the entrance door. Shut off the main power source to the elevator for approximately 30 seconds, then restore power. In some cases this action will free-up a stuck or overheated relay and restore the elevator to normal operation.

If none of the above procedures are successful in moving the elevator and freeing passengers, contact Metro OCC and advise them that an elevator mechanic is needed on the scene and await the arrival of the mechanic to move the elevator and release the passengers. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL THE BRAKES ON THE ELEVATOR BE RELEASED TO ALLOW THE ELEVATOR TO MOVE TO A

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LANDING. 6. After passenger removal, the electric cut-off shall be tagged. Also, ensure that all hoist-

way doors are closed and locked. Report back to the kiosk, advise the attendant of the fact that passengers are off, or that no one was on board, and the elevator is turned off. Report the same information to OCC via phone in the kiosk by dialing digits 1970. Give unit identification, officer’s name, station location and the fact that the people have been released and elevator is off, or that no one was on board.

7. It must be understood that these procedures are general guidelines which will work in

most cases, but could possibly require modification by the unit or units on the scene, depending on conditions encountered. It is further recommended that in the interest of safety, this procedure be used with minimum of five (5) persons and two (2) portable radios. If resources of this level are not on the scene, additional assistance should be requested. If there is any doubt about the safety of any elevator in Metro, elevator mechanics are on duty in the system 0800—1600 hours, Monday through Friday, on a call back basis on weekends and between 1600—0800 hours. If in doubt about any course of action, request the elevator mechanic through Fire Department Headquarters or OCC and await his/her arrival.

Note: Hoist-way door keys (drop type) may be found in a red box in elevator machine rooms. The Fireman’s Emergency Elevator key is also in the red box The following stations have Electric Traction Elevators: Friendship Heights Tenleytown Van Ness/UDC Cleveland Park Woodley Park/Zoo Dupont Circle

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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 2 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued) Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 2 is a reissue of Old Bulletin No. 85 issued March 2006.

FIRST RESPONSE TO WATER AND ICE RESCUE INCIDENTS Overview Water and Ice Rescue Incidents generally occur because victims knowingly enter or otherwise find themselves in the water and are unable to remove themselves from the dangers associated with that body of water. There is always a possibility of more victims becoming stranded because of the good intentions of concerned citizens and/or untrained rescue personnel trying to help. The power of only a few inches of moving water can be enough to sweep a person off of their feet making self-rescue impossible. These incidents are not confined to rivers, reservoirs, lakes, etc. They may include such sites as street intersections prone to flooding and water treatment complexes that may pose the added dangers of open manholes and industrial processing hazards respectively. It is imperative that all rescuers recognize all water hazards as such and comply with the contents of this policy. Section 1. Purpose These guidelines are established to direct the activities of initial responding units at the scene of water and ice rescue incidents prior to the arrival of water rescue qualified personnel. These guidelines will assist members in recognizing the need to request additional water and ice rescue resources. Section 2. General Definitions 1. Downstream Away from the oncoming flow. 2. Upstream Towards the oncoming flow. 3. River Right The right hand bank of a moving body of water when looking

downstream. 4. River Left The left hand bank of a moving body of water when looking downstream. 5. Flash Flood A rapid rise of water due to heavy rain. Flash floods carry a large amount of debris and polluted water.

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6. Hydraulic A phenomenon that can occur where water flows over an object in such a way that it can entrap a victim and re-circulate them again into a hazard. Rock Creek at Pierce Mill is an example of a low- head dam that creates a hydraulic at high water. 7. Strainer An object or group of objects in moving water that allow water to flow through them, but will catch a solid object. Examples would be trees, debris, fences, etc. 8. Upstream Persons positioned upstream of an incident to provide debris

Spotter assessment and warn units downstream of floating debris that could effect safety.

9. Downstream Personnel positioned downstream on both banks, if possible, to act Back-Up as safeties. This would include rescue of persons caught in downstream current and reporting of downstream hazards such as hydraulics, rocks, strainers, etc. In addition to the above definitions that pertain to location, it is often beneficial or necessary to use nearby streets and landmarks to describe an incident’s location or where units are to position. As examples, if a victim was:

(1) In a non-moving body of water, such as the MacMillan Reservoir, you may describe the location as near the intersection of 5th St. & Gresham Place, N.W. (2) Trapped in the flooded underpass in the 600 Block of Rhode Island Ave. N.E., you

may advise a unit to take a position on the Reed St. N.E. side. (3) Reported in the Potomac River between the Memorial and Key Bridges, you may further describe the actual location as being on the “River Left by the Kennedy Center.”

Section 3. Standard Water and Ice Rescue Dispatch In response to any call for a reported water or ice rescue, the following “Water Rescue Assignment” will automatically be dispatched: Closest Engine Company Closest Truck Company Two closest Rescue Squads with Boats Special Operations Battalion Chief Hazardous Materials Unit Fire Boat(s) and/or the Fire Boat Support Unit Safety Officer One BLS (consider A-12, if available)

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One ALS (consider R-12, if available) EMS Supervisor (EMS – 16, if available) Section 4. General Safety The following safety procedures will be utilized when responding to all Water and Ice Rescue Incidents:

1. Under no circumstances will any member attempt to enter the water or travel across an ice formation unless the Incident Commander has :

• been given an accurate incident size-up. • been advised of any intended actions. • given approval for the above actions.

2. All members operating within ten (10) feet of the edge of a body of water, or

anywhere accidental entry is possible, must wear a proper fitting U.S. Coast Guard approved personal flotation device (PFD) or ice rescue suit.

3. All members working within ten (10) feet of the edge of a body of water, or anywhere

accidental entry is possible, will work in teams of at least two persons.

4. Turnout gear/PPE, including firefighting helmets, will not be worn within twenty (20) feet of a body of water, even if the member is wearing a personal flotation device (PFD), during a Water and Ice Rescue Incident.

5. Never tie a rope around someone in swiftwater. A person at the end of a tensioned

rope will immediately plane to the bottom drowning them. This will occur even if you are wearing a Personal Floatation Device (PFD).

Section 5. Water Rescue Incidents – Initial Operations Prior to the arrival of trained water rescue personnel and equipment, initial arriving personnel will utilize the following procedures. In addition to using the DEK system, the first arriving unit will verbally make a radio transmission on Channel “02 Main” or the assigned “TAC Channel”, if one has been assigned, announcing their arrival “On-the scene”. They will then:

1. Gather and then advise the Incident Commander of the initial size-up and “Point Last Seen” information for the incident which would include:

• As soon as possible, confirm the actual location and advise the best access points for responding units both Fireboats and land units. Also, consider alternate “Plan B” points such as opposite banks, downstream, etc. for other units to position at.

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• “Point Last Seen.” Attempt to interview witnesses from a point where they observed the victim. Utilize a “line of sight” system focusing on a fixed object to best pinpoint the location or “Point Last Seen.”

• Number of victims in the water or missing. • Age of the victims. • Time in the water. • Type and color of clothing. • Swimming ability of the victims. • How the victims entered the water (vehicle, jumped, fell, etc.). • Water conditions such as fast-moving swiftwater, ice, open water, rising or

falling water levels, etc.

2. Based on the information obtained in the initial size-up of the incident, notify the responding Battalion Fire Chief or Communications Division, if a BFC is not responding, of the need for additional resources such as “Water Rescue Dispatch”, helicopter assistance, additional EMS units, etc.

3. Establish a “Hot Zone/Exclusionary Zone” that extends at least twenty (20) feet from

the water’s edge into which only rescue personnel are allowed. Since the “Hot Zone” may constantly be moving downstream as victims do so, it may not be possible to implement our normal Level III Accountability system. However, the requirement for all personnel to be accounted for is not negated and the Incident Commander as well as all other officers and rescuers must take measures to ensure the whereabouts and safety of all members can be confirmed at all times. All civilians and other persons not involved in the rescue operation must be removed and denied entry into this zone.

4. Without entering the water, from a position of safety, conduct a search in the immediate vicinity and downstream in moving waters for victims. Search the opposite banks, when applicable and possible.

5. Establish and maintain visual and verbal contact with live victims and make attempts

to give them instruction as to what the plan is and what you want them to do. If the victim is in the water and not attached to a stationary object such as an automobile, boat, tree, etc.; consider giving them self-rescue instruction, if needed. If a victim is in moving water this would include the following.

• Having them attempt to swim upstream with their body at a 45-degree angle to the

current direction (“ferry angle”) which should assist in moving them towards the shoreline, or

• Having them roll onto their back with feet facing downstream if the victim cannot swim. Note: The weight of wet clothing, cool to cold weather and water conditions may cause hypothermia, which may prevent the victim from being able to hold onto an object or follow instructions.

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6. Without entering the water, rescuers may attempt to rescue victims near the waters

edge by using the following methods:

• Reach: Extend a ceiling hook, portable ladder, aerial ladder or any other long object to the victim. Note: The weight and force exerted on the rescuers when using this method will be much greater than anticipated. Rescuers should lay down on the ground, obtain other rescuer assistance

and take whatever other measures available to avoid being pulled into the water.

• Throw: Throw a “throw bag” line to the victim utilizing an

under-hand throw aimed at the victim’s chest area. This method is effective up to approximately sixty (60) feet.

7. Rescuers should take actions to address any possible injuries sustained by

victims who are able to be brought to shore.

8. Consider the need for decontamination, medical treatment for exposures, and documentation of same for rescue personnel and victims alike.

The actions listed above are the basic limits of those that can performed by personnel that are not specially trained in water rescue operations. It is expected that trained and equipped water rescue qualified personnel will have arrived on the scene prior to all of the above actions being taken or exhausted by first arriving units. Section 6. Ice and Cold Water Rescue Incidents - Overview Ice and Cold Water Rescue Incidents will require the rapid and efficient use of personnel and equipment in order to be successful. Rescue operations during these events expose both the victim and the rescuers to conditions that will require specific training and equipment, and also to the rapid detrimental health effects caused by the combinations of cold weather and water. Section 7. Hazards of Ice There is no such thing as 100 % safe ice. When we are dispatched to an ice rescue incident, it is obvious the condition of the ice has been compromised. The temperature is only one factor to be considered, and even it is not a reliable indicator. Other factors such as snow cover, water depth and currents, wind, obstructions, etc.; all influence ice strength. Since we cannot accurately assess these factors, all ice will be considered unsafe and our actions will operate under that premise.

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Section 8. Ice and Cold Water Rescue Terminology 1. Cold Water Immersion Water temperature below 70-degrees Fahrenheit. Continue “Rescue Mode” operations for at least one (1) hour. 2. Hypothermia A generalized cooling of the body’s core

temperature to below normal levels.

• 96-degrees: shivering • 90-degrees: rigidity, dulled mental status • 85-degrees: pulse & respirations slow;

mental stupor. • 80-degrees: unconsciousness and death.

Be alert to the signs and symptoms of hypothermia in victims and rescuers alike. 3. Mammalian Diving Reflex A reflex that occurs when a human’s face is

exposed to cold water. As a result, • the heart rate decreases up to 50 % . • blood flow decreases to the extremities and increases to

vital organs. • blood shifts to the thoracic cavity to try to avoid a

collapse of the lungs. This reflex may allow a victim to survive for longer periods of time than normally expected.

• Continue “Rescue Mode” operations for at least one (1) hour.

4. Torso Reflex If a rescuer or victim does not take preventative

action such as covering their mouth and nose with one hand, and allows cold water to hit their face or nose; a gasp reflex occurs which allows cold water to be aspirated which may cause a laryngospasm that can lead to respiratory arrest.

Section 9. Ice and Cold Water Rescue Incidents - Initial Operations Prior to the arrival of trained ice rescue personnel and their equipment, initial arriving personnel can take the following shore-based actions to assist in facilitating a successful resolution.

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Given the fact cold water rapidly robs the body of heat, a victim immersed in cold water will quickly suffer numbness in their arms and legs. This will greatly affect the victim’s ability to assist in their own rescue since they will not be able to grab or hold onto anything extended or thrown to them. Because of this, if possible, instruct the victim to attempt to twist or wrap themselves with the line before an attempt is made to pull the victim to shore. If something is extended to a victim, try to use something that can snag or hook the victim, such as a ceiling hook or roof ladder with hooks extended, since the victim may not be able to grasp or hold onto it. Prior to the arrival of trained water rescue personnel and equipment, initial arriving personnel will utilize the following procedures. In addition to using the DEK system, the first arriving unit will verbally make a radio transmission on Channel “02 Main” or the assigned “TAC Channel”, if one has been assigned, announcing their arrival “On-the Scene”. They will then:

1. Gather and then advise the Incident Commander of the initial size-up and “Point Last Seen” information for the incident. The following information should be included:

• As soon as possible, confirming the actual location and advising the best

access points for responding units both Fireboats and land units. Also, consider alternate “Plan B” points, such as opposite banks, downstream, etc., for other units to position at.

• “Point Last Seen.” Attempt to interview witnesses from a point where they observed the victim. Utilize a “line of sight” system, focusing on a fixed object to best pinpoint the location or “Point Last Seen.”

• Number of victims in the water or fallen through the ice. • Age of the victims. • Time in the water or through the ice. • Type of and color of clothing. • Swimming ability of the victims. • How the victims entered the water or went through the ice (vehicle, jumped,

fell, etc.). • Water conditions such as fast-moving swiftwater, ice status, open water, rising

or falling water levels, etc.

2. Based on the information obtained in the initial size-up of the incident, notify the responding Battalion Fire Chief or Communications Division, if there is no responding Battalion Fire Chief, of the need for additional resources such as “Water Rescue Dispatch”, helicopter assistance, additional EMS units, etc.

3. Establish a “Hot Zone/Exclusionary Zone” that extends at least twenty (20) feet from the

water’s edge into which only rescue personnel are allowed. Since the “Hot Zone” may be constantly moving downstream as victims do so, it may not be possible to implement our

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normal Level III Accountability system. However, the requirement for all personnel to be accounted for is not negated and the Incident Commander as well as all other officers and rescuers must take measures to ensure the whereabouts and safety of all members can be confirmed at all times. All civilians and other persons not involved in the rescue operation must be removed and denied entry into this zone.

4. Establish and maintain visual and verbal contact with victims and give any instructions or encouragement that may be beneficial.

5. Without entering the water or going onto the ice, from a position of safety, conduct a

search in the immediate vicinity and downstream in moving waters for victims. Search the opposite banks, when applicable and possible. If the victim can no longer be seen at the surface and it is possible they may be along the shoreline, attempt to search horizontally under the ice sheet using a ceiling hook or other tool that could ideally reach the bottom. Typically, if there are no currents, the victim will be found directly below the ice ledge.

6. Search for victims near the waters edge/shoreline may be able to be rescued by using the following methods:

• Reach: Extend a ceiling hook, portable ladder, aerial ladder, or

any other long object to the victim. Note : The weight / force exerted on the rescuer(s) when using this method will be much greater than anticipated. Rescuers should lay down on the ground and take whatever other measures available to avoid being pulled into the water or onto the ice surface. As stated prior, due to the probability the victim will be unable to grasp an object, it is likely rescuers will need to snag or hook the victim in order to bring them to shore.

• Throw: Throw a “throw bag” line to the victim utilizing an under-

hand throw aimed at the victim’s chest area. This method is effective up to approximately sixty (60) feet. Due to the probability the victim will be unable to grasp a rope or line, it is likely rescuers will need to give instruction to the victim advising them to attempt to twist or wrap the line around their body before attempting to bring them to shore.

7. Rescuers should take actions to address any possible injuries sustained by victims who

are able to be brought to shore.

8. Consider requesting the “Rehab Unit” to provide a place of shelter for rescuers exposed to the effects of water and weather.

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9. Consider the need for decontamination, medical treatment for exposures, and documentation of same for rescue personnel and victims alike.

The actions listed above are the basic limits of those that can performed by initial arriving units that are not specially trained in ice and cold water rescue operations. It is expected that trained and equipped ice and cold water rescue qualified personnel will have arrived on the scene prior to all of the above actions being taken by first arriving units.

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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 3 SEPTEMBER 2006 (Revised) Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 3 revises Old Bulletin No. 26 issued September 1990.

STANDARD OPERATION GUIDELINES FOR AIR BAG-EQUIPPED VEHICLES

The main purpose of an air bag system is to protect the passengers within a vehicle. This is accomplished by deployment of a bag type device specifically designed to slow the passengers speed to zero with little or no bodily damage. This means the air bag has only a fraction of a second to place itself between the passenger and various surfaces of the vehicle including the steering wheel and dashboard. Airbags rapidly deploy, they do not explode. However they do produce a dust that may cause minor skin or eye irritation which can be prevented by the proper use of PPE. In general most incidents will not require rescuers to work in the direct deployment path of the air bag prior to safely disconnecting the system. Therefore, rescue operations should begin without delay. Because airbags are mechanical devices that deploy at a given rate of speed and in rare cases subject to malfunction, it is possible that you will be involved in rescuing someone from a car with an airbag that did not deploy. An un-deployed air bag is unlikely to deploy after a crash however it will still be necessary to refer to the deactivation procedures and take the proper precautions. There are three main components of the air bag that helps to accomplish the goal of the airbag protection system:

1. The bag itself, which is made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is folded into the steering wheel, dashboard, and more recently, the seat or door.

2. The sensor, which is the device that tells the air bag to inflate. The air bag inflates at a

collision force equal to running into a brick wall at 10-14 miles per hour.

3. The air bag inflation system which contains sodium azide (Nan3) and is designed to react with the potassium nitrate (KNO3) to produce nitrogen gas. The heated nitrogen inflates the air bag.

Q1. How does the airbag work? The air bag is designed to supplement the protection offered by safety belts. In a frontal or side impact of sufficient severity (comparable to a collision into a solid wall at 10-14 mph or above), sensors in the vehicle detect the sudden deceleration and trigger the inflator module. This causes the solid chemical propellant sealed inside the inflator, principally sodium azide, to undergo a rapid chemical reaction. This reaction produces primarily nitrogen gas, the same gas that makes up 80 percent of the air we breathe. The gas inflates a woven nylon bag packed inside the

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steering wheel hub or the instrument panel for the front seat passenger. The bag inflates in less than one-twentieth of a second, splitting open its protective cover and inflating in front or to the side of the occupant. As the occupant contacts the bag, the nitrogen gas is vented through openings in the back of the bag, which helps to cushion the body’s movement. The inflation system is not unlike a solid rocket booster. The air bag ignites a solid propellant, which burns extremely rapid to create a large volume of gas to inflate the bag. The bag then literally bursts from its storage site at up a speed of up to 200 miles per hour. A second later, the gas quickly dissipates through tiny holes in the bag, thus deflating the bag so that the vehicle occupant can move. If the bag has deployed properly you will have immediate visual confirmation. Q2. Is smoke produced during deployment? There are three kinds of "smoke." First, many people mistake the corn starch or talcum powder used to lubricate the bag as smoke. These substances should not be a problem for rescue workers or accident victims. Second, a sealant which is used to prolong the life of the air bag system can smoke when the airbag is deployed. This smoke dissipates rapidly and should not be a cause for concern. Lastly, during deployment, small particles from inside some bag systems are vented into the passenger compartment. These airborne particles look like smoke and some particles are deposited as a powdery residue on and around the bag. The residue is primarily corn starch or talcum powder, which is used to lubricate the bag as it deploys, and by-products of the chemical reaction that produces the nitrogen gas to inflate the air bag. This residue may contain a small amount of a potential skin irritant, sodium hydroxide. Hands should be washed with mild soap and water after handling a deployed bag. After deployment some components within the air bag module will be hot for a short time, but they are relatively inaccessible and should pose no threat to rescue personnel or crash victims. However, personal contact with the steering wheel hub should be avoided for at least 15 minutes after deployment. Q3. Is there any sodium azide in the residue? Is it harmful? There is no detectable amount of sodium azide residue present in the passenger compartment after an air bag deployment. Sodium azide, a component of the air bag inflator propellant, converts to the nitrogen gas used to inflate the air bag. In its solid state it is toxic. As a precaution, and to protect the occupants from any accidental contact, it is hermetically sealed in a very strong metal container, which itself is located inside a protective housing, thus greatly reducing any exposure issues. In the unlikely event that the canister containing the sodium azide-based propellant is ruptured, any unburned propellant will be found in a variety of pressed tablet forms. Do not touch or ingest any exposed propellant or expose it to an ignition source. As in all other rescue operations, rescuers should wear gloves and eye protection. Q4. Is the sodium azide canister likely to explode during a car fire? No. The air bag is designed to inflate normally in the event that a vehicle fire causes the canister to be heated above 300' F. Consequently, it is possible that the air bag will deploy in a car fire, but there should be no fragmentation of the inflator.

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Deactivating Airbags: Because airbags are mechanical devices and in rare cases subject to malfunction, and designed to deploy at a given rate of speed, it is possible that you will be involved in rescuing someone from a car with an air bag that did not deploy. An un-deployed air bag is unlikely to deploy after a crash. If this event does occur determine the need to disconnect the airbag and check the vehicle for a cut off switch. Some vehicles are now equipped with on/off switches installed for one or both of the frontal airbags. Utilizing the switch will deactivate the airbag system, thereby eliminating the possibility of the airbag deploying while members are providing emergency medical or other rescue services. If the vehicle has been involved in an accident with significant damage or airbag deployment, you will still need to disconnect the battery as soon as possible. These switches are generally for frontal bags only, and do not work for other airbags that may be in the vehicle. Turning off the switch will begin the deactivation period for the backup power system that is part of most electrically activated systems. For some vehicle makes, deactivation will occur in a matter of seconds: others take a few minutes. Never delay starting rescue operations. Be cognizant of the position of the Rescuer in relation to the un-deployed airbags. If possible, a minimum of 10”-14’’ inches of space should be between the rescuer and the path of an un-deployed airbag. In the unlikely event that a driver or front seat passenger is pinned behind an un-deployed airbag and must be removed at once, extrication efforts should be performed from the side of the entrapped victim, and away from the potential deployment path of the air bag. Do not place your body or objects against the air bag module. Do not mechanically displace or cut through the steering column unless the air bag system has already been fully deactivated. At no time, should anyone drill into the air bag module, or apply heat (above 300 degrees) in the area of the steering wheel hub or other airbag canister. In the case of the mechanically activated system currently found only on 1990 Jaguar coupes and convertibles, extreme care should be taken to avoid sharp, jolting impacts to the steering column, particularly in a forward or rearward direction. Cutting of the steering wheel rim or the column is permissible, if the previously mentioned type of impacts can be avoided. Safety points to remember about airbags: 1. YOU MUST LOOK FOR THE AIRBAG CANNISTER PRIOR TO MAKING

ANY CUTS ON THE A, B, OR C POST. REMEMBER TO ‘’PRY AND PEEK’’. PRY THE PLASTIC AWAY FROM THE POST AND PEEK BEHIND IT BEFORE YOU MAKE A CUT.

2. ON RARE OCCASIONS SOME AIRBAGS MAY HAVE THE ABILITY TO

INFLATE MORE THAN ONE TIME. JUST BECAUSE YOU SEE A DEFLATED AIRBAG DOSEN’T MEAN YOU ARE OUT OF DANGER.

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3. NOT ALL AIRBAGS IN THE CAR WILL DEPLOY DURING A COLLISION. INTELLIGENT AIRBAGS ONLY DEPLOY IF THE COMPUTER IN THE CAR DEEMS IT NECESSARY FOR THE AIRBAG TO DEPLOY.THEREFORE YOU MAY RESPOND TO A VEHICLE CRASH WHERE THE DRIVER IS THE ONLY PERSON IN THE CAR AND THE STEERING WHEEL AIRBAG AND THE SIDE IMPACT BAGS MAY HAVE DEPLOYED. REMEMBER THERE CAN BE SEVERAL OTHER AIRBAGS IN THE CAR THAT DID NOT DEPLOY, AND CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN OPERATING AROUND THOSE AIRBAGS. THIS IS A PRIMARY REASON WHY MEMBERS ARE TO DISCONNECT THE BATTERY OR BATTERIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 5 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued) Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 5 is a reissue of Old Bulletin No. 69 issued January 2003.

FIRST RESPONSE TO CONFINED SPACE EMERGENCIES

Background Confined space emergencies in the District of Columbia although relatively rare, are extremely hazardous situations. This policy has been developed to ensure the safety of Fire and EMS personnel and to ensure victims have the best chance for survival. Section 1. Purpose These guidelines are established to direct the activities of responding units at the scene of confined space emergencies, prior to the arrival of Confined Space Rescue Team personnel. Section 2. Definitions Atmospheric Monitoring. A method of evaluating the ambient atmosphere of a space, including but not limited to its oxygen content, flammability, and toxicity. Confined Space . A space that is large enough and so configured that a person can enter and perform assigned work; and has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, manholes, vaults, and pits), is not designed for continuous human occupancy. For purposes of this policy, this definition excludes mines and caves or other natural formations which must be addressed by other specialized training and equipment. Confined Space Entry. Includes ensuing work activities associated with rescues in a confined space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space. Hazardous Atmosphere. Any atmosphere that exposes personnel to the risk of death, incapacitation, injury, acute illness, or impairment of the ability to self rescue, which include one or more of the following causes:

• Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL);

• Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL.

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This may be estimated by observing the density of the concentration. In general, if the concentration of dust obscures vision at a distance of 5 feet or

less, it may be within it’s flammable range. • Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent. • Atmospheric concentration of any hazardous substance that could result in

exposure to personnel in excess of its dose or permissible exposure limit (PEL).

• Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).

MSDS. Material Safety Data Sheet. Permit Required Confined Space. Meets the requirements to be classified as a confined space as defined above and has one or more of the following characteristics:

• contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; • contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant; • has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or

asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to smaller cross section;

• or contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard (including fall, environmental, and equipment hazards).

Rescue Entrant. Member designated to enter confined spaces who meets specified training requirements. Section 3. Standard Confined Space Dispatch In response to any call for service in a confined space where a rescue is anticipated, a Confined Space Task Force will automatically be dispatched. Rescue Squad 2 is the lead unit for confined space rescue and requires a second rescue squad for back-up and support. The dispatch will consist of the following:

Closest Engine Company Closest Truck Company Two Rescue Squads; Rescue Squad 2 and the next closest Rescue Squad Special Operations BFC Haz-Mat Unit One BLS and one ALS unit (R-12 if available) EMS Supervisor (EMS 1-6 if available) Air Unit

Section 4. Safety

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The following safety procedures will be utilized when responding to all confined space incidents:

• Position apparatus no closer than 100 feet. Shut down vehicle engines. • The atmosphere of all confined spaces shall be considered Immediately Dangerous to

Life and Health (IDLH) until positively proven otherwise with a calibrated direct reading instrument (atmospheric monitor), for the following conditions in the order given:

• oxygen content • flammable gases and vapors, and • potential toxic air contaminants

3. Any approach in the vicinity of any entrance or opening(s) to the confined space shall be

done utilizing full protective clothing and SCBA, when conditions are unknown or a hazardous atmosphere is anticipated.

4. No personnel shall cross the plane of the entrance to the confined space with any part of their body. DO NOT PLACE YOUR FACE OR HEAD INTO THE

OPENING OF A CONFINED SPACE TO ASSESS THE SITUATION OR COMMUNICATE WITHOUT PROPER PROTECTION. 5. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL ANY PERSONNEL OTHER THAN

CONFINED SPACE TRAINED AND CERTIFIED PERSONNEL ENTER ANY PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE.

Section 5. Procedure The following procedure shall be utilized be all units working at the scene of emergencies involving permit required confined spaces:

1. Engine Company: Shall secure the scene and perform initial Size-up.

(a) Establish Level III accountability. (b) Establish exclusionary zone around and adjacent to the entry portal until a hazard assessment and atmospheric monitoring have been completed.

(c) Locate and secure the job site foreman and/or reliable witnesses. (d) Secure entry permit and MSDS sheets if applicable to situation. (e) Determine the location, number, and condition of victims contained within the confined space.

(f) Determine the specific activities that the occupants were engaged in prior to the call for assistance.

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2. Truck Company: Shall be responsible for removal of electric power, ventilation, and safety.

(a) Remove electrical power and place all fixed mechanical devices and equipment

capable of causing injury in a “zero mechanical state” if this can be done without entering the space.

(b) Ventilate

- Ventilate the general area outside the space if needed. - Ventilate the space with “positive pressure”, electric fan. Consider use of built in ventilation systems if available and will not create an additional hazard. - If it will not interfere with positive pressure ventilation or create other hazards, open all additional openings into the space to assist in ventilation. - Full protective clothing and SCBA shall be utilized when conditions are unknown or a hazardous atmosphere is anticipated. - Special precautions shall be taken when ventilating spaces that have atmospheres above the lower explosive limit.

3. Rescue Squads: Shall begin or assist with entry preparation and implementation of the other requirements of the Confined Space Rescue SOP. 4. Battalion Chief: Shall be responsible for overall coordination of Fire & EMS Department operations until the emergency has been mitigated. 5. All other units will stage a block away in line of approach. Non Permit Required Confined Space - after the procedures established above have been completed, and if it can be absolutely determined that the space is not a “permit” required space (i.e., presents no atmospheric or physical hazards), entry by non-confined space certified personnel can be approved by the Incident Commander under the following conditions:

1. The victim must be visible from the entrance to the confined space and no more than 25 feet in any direction from the entrance to the space. 2. Specialized rescue equipment and/or procedures will not be required to gain

access or egress to or from the space.

3. If the victim’s condition is stable or will not be improved by immediate entry, personnel shall remain outside the space and wait for confined space certified personnel to arrive.

District of Columbia Fire and EMS Department

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

______________________________________________________________________________ Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 5B September 2015

RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES IN TUNNELS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Background

The D.C. Water and Sewer Authority has begun a sewer tunnel project scheduled to be completed in 2025. This project is to include; a fourteen mile, 26 ft. diameter tunnel system to control the Anacostia and Potomac River overflows, branch tunnels to relieve surface flooding, several vertical shafts and a dewatering pumping station. Any response to the tunnel or surface site will require proper PPE, training and Level III accountability.

Section 1. Purpose

These guidelines are established to direct the activities of responding units at the scene of a tunnel rescue: 1. To ensure the safety of Fire and EMS personnel, and; 2. To ensure victims have the best chance of survival.

Section 2. Tunnel Rescue Incident Response

Incidents categorized as Tunnel Rescue Incidents are those which occur in a tunnel such as rail, roadway, water or sewer during the construction phase. These incidents may require the use of special breathing apparatus (Scott open circuit SCBA or Draeger closed circuit LDBA). Entry into these tunnels will be limited to personnel trained in tunnel rescue procedures. If there is an incident located above grade in which there is an injury with no rescue or removal problems, the standard emergency medical response will be dispatched. Entry into tunnels or vertical shafts for a rescue shall be made by a team consisting of not less than five (5) personnel trained in tunnel rescue procedures. Construction workers who have received tunnel rescue training should be considered as supplemental rescue team members by the Incident Commander. It shall be the responsibility of Rescue Squad Co. 2 to perform daily inspections and maintenance on the Tunnel Rescue Support Unit, utilizing established check list. The Tunnel Rescue Support unit shall always be stored inside with the shoreline plugged in.

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Section 3. Classifications of Tunnel Emergencies

Tunnel emergencies can be broken down into two basic classifications, Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) and non-IDLH.

IDLH emergencies are an immediate threat to everyone operating in the tunnel, including tunnel workers and rescuers. IDLH can be further broken down to: fire or atmospheric emergency.

A fire will produce low oxygen, hazardous gases, decreased visibility, heat and compromise the tunnel safety systems, including water supply and ventilation capabilities. A fire emergency will be long duration, extremely high risk, and have a low potential for victim survivability.

An atmospheric emergency can include low oxygen levels, methane gas release or other hazardous atmosphere. Effective ventilation and breathing apparatus can usually mitigate these types of situations with a positive outcome.

Non-IDLH emergencies are acute and will likely involve one victim. Non-IDLH can also be further broken down into: medical emergencies or technical rescue.

A medical emergency may involve one or more workers but, other than the means of transport in the tunnel and distance to travel to reach the worker, no special equipment is needed to treat the patient. A first responder and transport unit should be able to handle this type of emergency without additional resources.

A technical rescue incident may include injury that requires special victim packaging and rope systems or a worker pinned/entrapped by mechanical equipment or falling tunnel segment.

Section 4. Definitions Brass Board - Accountability system used by tunnel workers to determine the names and number of workers in tunnel. The board is located near the vertical drop shaft entrance.

Confined Space - A space that is large enough and so configured that a person can enter and perform assigned work but, has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and is not designed for continuous human occupancy.

Entry Control Officer - Collects Personal Accountability Tags (PAT) from all members entering the tunnel, and returns them upon exit, maintaining Level III accountability. Entry control shall be established at the Brass Board, unless otherwise directed by the Incident Commander.

Hazardous Atmosphere - Any atmosphere that exposes personnel to the risk of death/incapacitation, injury, acute illness or impairment of the ability to self-rescue, which includes one or more of the following causes:

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1. Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of the Lower Flammable Limit (LFL).

2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL. 3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%. 4. Atmospheric concentration of any hazardous substance that could result in

exposure to personnel in excess of its dose or Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL).

LDBA - Long Duration Breathing Apparatus or Draeger BG 4, a four (4) hour closed circuit breathing apparatus.

Loci - Diesel powered locomotive used on small gauge track in tunnel for moving personnel and equipment.

Rescue Entrant - Member designated to enter a tunnel and who meet specified training requirements.

Mine Phone - Low voltage communication network found throughout job sites. Primary means of communication in tunnel

Rescue Group Supervisor - Coordinates all aspects of entry, extrication and removal of patient and entry personnel.

Section 5. Tunnel Rescue Dispatch and Responsibilities

In response to a call for service in a tunnel where rescue or recovery is anticipated, a Tunnel Rescue Task Force will be dispatched. A standard Tunnel Rescue Task Force and unit responsibilities are as follows:

Closest Engine Company • Positions apparatus at pre-designated hydrant. • Positions crew at brass board. • Establishes Level III accountability. • Records position of brass tags on brass board. • Establishes Exclusionary Zone around entrances to shaft. • Determine location, number and condition of victims. • Determines activities that workers were engaged in prior to call for service.

Closest Truck Company

• Locates Foreman and Safety Manager. • Works with Haz-Mat and confirms the vent systems are operating. • Determine direction of air movement. • Assesses status of utilities: power, lighting, water, compressed air, etc.

o Lock-Out Tag-Out where possible. • Assess atmospheric monitoring by Contractor. • Relays all pertinent info to Special Ops Chief via radio.

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District of Columbia Fire and EMS Department

Rescue Squad Co. 2 • Responds with the Tunnel Rescue Support Unit and the Tunnel Rescue Trailer. • Operate in teams of five (5) Fire Department personnel.

o Additional contractor rescue personnel may be added to the FD team. • Prepares to make entry with PPE and equipment based on information gathered. • No Entry into tunnel should take place until a back-up team is in place.

2nd Rescue Squad

• Operate in teams of five (5) Fire Department personnel. o Additional contractor rescue personnel may be added to the FD team.

• Prepares to act as second entry team or Rapid Intervention Team for initial rescue squad. • Once 2nd rescue squad is utilized it should be replaced with an additional rescue squad.

Haz-Mat Unit

• Bump or calibrate all meters that will be used during the incident. ***(This shall not delay entry in a rescue situation)***

• Places Area RAE steel in bottom of vertical shaft to remotely monitor atmospheric conditions in vertical shafts, prior to deployment of entry teams.

• Provide entry team with Area RAE steel for monitoring. • Record initial meter readings, and all subsequent readings at 10 minute intervals or when

readings change. Record Tunnel Ring number with associated meter readings. • Assist with bench testing BG-4’s and making units ready for service.

Closest Battalion Fire Chief

• Immediately reports to site Command Post and obtains update. Special Ops Battalion Chief

• Oversees entire incident. • Consider placing the Command Post in a conference room or “Nerve Center” where the

contractor has pre-established communications and atmospheric monitoring in place. Air Unit

• Stage at location designated by Incident Commander. Safety Officer

• Stage at location designated by Incident Commander. EMS units and EMS 7

• Stage at location designated by Incident Commander.

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Section 6. Special Considerations.

• Position apparatus in areas designated by the Incident Commander. • All apparatus shall be positioned to allow access and egress of transport units and

other specialized units. • Consider requesting additional EMS units or Mass Casualty support based on information

gathered on scene. • Hyperbaric emergencies may need air transportation to Hospitals equipped with

hyperbaric chambers.

Section 7. Safety The following safety procedures will be utilized when responding to all tunnel emergencies:

1. Emergencies in Tunnels can present problems that require special equipment and training. BECAUSE OF THE EXTREME POTENTIAL OF INJURY OR DEATH, SAFETY MUST GOVERN EVERY ACTION UNDERTAKEN BY EMERGENCY PERSONNEL.

2. Responders must wear PPE, the minimum includes: helmet, eye protection, steel toe boots, leather gloves and reflective safety vest or USAR Gear.

3. All tunnels in the city are considered “potentially gassy.” The atmosphere in the

tunnel should be considered IDLH until proven otherwise with a calibrated, direct reading instrument for the following conditions in order:

1. Oxygen. 2. Flammable gasses. 3. Toxicity of atmosphere.

4. Atmospheric monitoring will occur continually during occupancy of a tunnel using

Area Rae, and Multi Rae Lite meters, and recorded by the Haz-Mat Unit in 10 minute intervals.

5. Vertical shafts leading to tunnels can be 100 ft. deep. Any member operating within 5 ft. of the shaft shall be in a Class 3 harness and tethered to an anchor point.

6. Do not look over/into the shaft to assess the situation or communicate with personnel at the bottom.

7. Responders should expect to find normal construction site activities at the surface level to include: heavy machinery, fuel and LPG storage, falling objects, trip and fall hazards, etc.

8. Responses in the tunnel will present difficult challenges to include: limited access and egress, low light levels, limited communications, IDLH atmospheres, potential entrapment in equipment, confined spaces, high noise levels, high-voltage, flammable liquids and fire.

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Section 8. Communications Department radios are effective in tunnels only when used on talk-around channels. Mine Phones are located throughout tunnels under construction, and above ground at job sites. Mine Phones are the preferred method to communicate meter readings when making entry into tunnels. There is also a landline located in the Tunnel Boring Machine Operators Compartment that can be utilized by Fire Department personnel. Consider use of the Tactical Bi-Directional Antenna, carried by the DFC-Operations and Communications Support Unit (Radio Cache).

Section 9. Entry Criteria

The purpose of the Tunnel Rescue Team is for life saving functions only, and entry into the tunnel or vertical shaft shall be consistent with the safety of the tunnel rescue team. The following is a checklist of items that should be covered prior to the tunnel rescue team entering the tunnels or vertical shafts. No underground entry of any type shall be permitted until it can be determined that a flammable atmosphere does NOT exist. If a flammable atmosphere does exist, proper and adequate ventilation procedures must be completed prior to entry. Continual atmospheric monitoring will be maintained throughout incident. Any indications of tunnel collapse, cave-in(s) and/or fire/smoke in the tunnel shall be approached with primary regard to safety of rescue personnel.

o Establish Level III accountability and photograph Brass Board. o Establish an exclusionary/hot-zone around the vertical shaft. o Only MSHA trained Tunnel Rescue Personnel shall enter the tunnel or vertical

shafts. o Only enter the tunnel or vertical shaft:

upon orders from the Incident Commander. with a minimum of 5 personnel. when a backup team is in place. when it has been determined that a life hazard exists. it has been confirmed that production has stopped. when atmospheric readings have been taken and are shown to be within

safe limits or appropriate breathing apparatus is in use. when ventilation system is operating properly and in the direction

determined by the Fire Department with the flow determined to be adequate with anemometer.

when electrical power, with the exception of ventilation, elevator and pump systems, are locked out and tagged out.

when communications have been established, either with Mine Phone or landline at TBM operator station. Fire Department radios are effective in the tunnel ONLY in talk-around channels.

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o The D.C. Fire and EMS Tunnel Rescue Team shall not be deployed to: Recover construction Equipment. Prevent damage to construction materials or equipment.

o The D.C. Fire and EMS Tunnel Rescue Team shall not be deployed when:

There is water above the knee. Gas levels are at or above 10% LEL. Gas levels are rising-regardless of the LEL. There is evidence of explosions, misfires or explosive devices known to be

in the confined space.

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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 6 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued)

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 6 is a reissue of Old Bulletin No. 76 issued May 2003. FIRST RESPONSE TO HIGH ANGLE / ROPE RESCUE EMERGENCIES

Background High Angle / Rope Rescue emergencies in the District of Columbia, while relatively infrequent have been slowly increasing, are extremely hazardous situations, and at times are not identified by initial on scene companies. These guidelines are designed to ensure the safety of fire service personnel and to ensure that victims have the best chance for a successful rescue and survival. Section 1. Purpose These guidelines are established to assist in directing the activities of responding companies on the scene of High Angle / Rope Rescue emergencies, prior to the arrival of the High Angle Rescue Assignment personnel. Due to the infinite number of possible sites and situations that may be encountered, these guidelines will not define specific systems or evolutions to be used, but will give guidelines to follow for conducting a safe and effective rescue operation. Section 2. Definitions Special Operations. Those emergency incidents to which responders require specific and advanced technical training and specialized tools and equipment. Rope Rescue. Any rescue attempt that requires rope and related equipment to safely gain access to, and remove victim(s) from hazardous structural or geographic areas with limited access other than by means of a rope system. High Angle. Refers to an environment in which the load is predominately supported by a rope rescue system and it can be above or below grade. Low Angle. Refers to an environment in which the load is predominately supported by the rescuers, but the rope rescue system is required to facilitate movement and for fall protection. Load. That which is being lowered or raised in a rope rescue system. A generic term for everything hanging on the rope system at the opposite end of the anchor. Rescue Area. An area surrounding the incident site, whose size is proportional to the hazards that exist.

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Section 3. Standard High Angle / Rope Rescue Dispatch In response to all calls for high angle rope rescues, where a rope rescue is anticipated, a High Angle Task Force assignment will automatically be dispatched. Rescue Squad #1 is the lead unit for any high angle rescues and will require an, additional rescue squad for back-up and support. The High Angle Task Force will consist of the following companies:

Closest Engine Company Closest Truck Company Two Rescue Squads; Rescue Squad #1 and the next closest Rescue Squad Special Operations Battalion Fire Chief Safety Officer Closest ALS unit (R-12 if available) Closest BLS unit

Section 4. Safety

1. Position apparatus no closer than 100 feet away from the operation area, whether being a

structural or geographical area. 2. The minimum acceptable PPE on all rope rescue incidents shall include helmets and gloves for all personnel. 3. All personnel operating at or within 5' of the edge of any height shall be tethered to an anchor

point. 4. The scene shall be constantly monitored by the Department Safety Officer and the rescue incident safety officer as established by the Incident Commander. Section 5. Procedure The following guidelines shall be utilized by all units operating on the scene of a high angle / rope rescue: 1. Engine Company:

a. Perform initial Size-up, including requesting the High Angle Task Force if not already dispatched.

b. Determine an entry point and establish Level III accountability. c. Locate and secure a job site foreman and/or reliable witness(es), d. Determine the location, number, and condition of victims. e. Determine the operation or activities the victims were engaged in prior the incident.

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2. Truck Company:

a. Shall secure the scene and establish a safety zone, with the assistance of MPD and/or on site security. Allow room for the operations (Hot Zone/Rescue Area) to be determined by the Rescue Sector.

b. Shall identify and remove any hazards associated with a rope rescue in the rescue area, c. Lockout / Tagout. Remove electrical power and place all fixed mechanical devices and

equipment capable of causing injury in a `zero mechanical state' in the rescue area. if it is not possible to secure any hazard, all personnel operating in the rescue area shall be made aware of the hazard. Consider environmental hazards; temperatures, rain/snow, flowing water, loose rock/soil, etc.

d. If needed, establish ventilation in the rescue area only after coordination with the rescue or HazMat officer. (WARNING: In this case, is air monitoring needed or is this a possible confined space emergency!

3. Battalion Fire Chief:

Shall be responsible for the overall coordination of Fire & EMS Department operations until the emergency has been mitigated.

4. Special Operations Battalion Fire Chief:

a. Shall be responsible for the coordination of the `Rescue Sector' units during the operation.

b. Shall assess the need for additional resources. 5. Rescue Squads:

a. Shall assess the hazards. b. Locate victim(s) and determine their level of cooperation. Decide on rescue or recovery

mode; confer with Safety Officer on decision c. Determine the method of rescue to be utilized and brief `Rescue Sector' units on

assignments. d. Shall begin and assist with building of rope system(s) and implementation of rescue

operation according to established High Angel / Rope Rescue Incident Operational Guidelines.

6. Safety Officers:

Scene Safety Officer - Department Safety Officer, responsible for the overall scene safety; per established Departmental SOP’s.

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Rescue / Operations Safety Officer: a. Should be a certified Rope Rescue Level II / Operation Level. b. Shall establish a Safety Zone around the rescue area sufficient to protect personnel and

equipment. c. Shall monitor each phase of the rescue to ensure an efficient and safe operation.

d. Perform a Hazards Analysis and Risk Assessment.

Note: To provide ample operating room or on operations with more than one operating sector, assign additional Rescue Sector Safety Officers as needed.

7. All other units shall stage one block away in line of approach.

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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 7 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued) Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 7 is a reissue of Old Bulletin No. 77 issued May 2003.

HIGH ANGLE/ROPE RESCUE EMERGENCIES OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES

Section 1. Purpose These guidelines are established to assist in directing the activities of responding companies on the scene of High Angle / Rope Rescue emergencies. Due to the infinite number of possible sites and situations that may be encountered, these guidelines will not define specific systems or evolutions to be used, but will give guidelines to follow for conducting a safe and effective rescue operation. Section 2. Definitions Special Operations. Those emergency incidents to which responders require specific and advanced technical training and specialized tools and equipment. Rope Rescue. Any rescue attempt that requires rope and related equipment to safely gain access to, and remove victim(s) from hazardous structural or geographic areas with limited access, other than by means of a rope system. Rescue Area. An area surrounding the incident site, whose size is proportional to the hazards that exist. High Angle. Refers to an environment in which the load is predominately supported by a rope rescue system and can be above or below grade. Low Angle. Refers to an environment an which the load is predominately supported by the rescuers, but the rope rescue system is required to facilitate movement and for fall protection. Life Safety Rope. A compact but flexible, torsionally balanced, continuous structure of fibers produced from strands that are twisted, plaited, or braided together and that serve primarily to support a load or transmit a force from the point of origin to the point of application. Software. A flexible fabric component of rope rescue equipment that can include, but is not limited to, anchor straps, pick-off straps, and rigging slings. Hardware. A rigid mechanical auxiliary rope rescue component that can include, but is not

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limited to, anchor plates, carabineer, and mechanical ascent and descent control devices. Anchor Point. A structural component used either alone or in combination with other components to create an anchor system capable of sustaining the actual and potential load on the rope system. A generic term used for attaching of a rope system to an immovable object. Heavy Object. An item of such size and weight that it can not be moved without the use of power tools or complex mechanical advantage systems. Lowering System. A rope rescue system used to lower a load under control. Raising System. A rope rescue system used to raise a load under control. Belay. The method by which a potential fall distance is controlled to minimize damage to equipment and/or injury to a live load. Load That which is being lowered or raised in a rope rescue system. A generic term for everything hanging on a rope system at the end opposite the anchor. System Safety Cheek A method of evaluating the safe assembly of a rope rescue system and completed prior to utilizing any system. Load Test. A method of preloading a rope system to ensure all components are set properly to sustain the expected load and completed prior to utilizing any system. Packaging. The process of securing a subject in a transfer device, with regard to existing and potential injuries/illness, so as to avoid further harm during movement. Lockout. A method for keeping equipment from being set in motion and endangering workers. Risk/Benefit Analysis. A decision made by a responder based on the hazard and situation assessment that weighs the risks likely to be taken against the benefits to be gained for taking those risks. Section 3. Safety

1. Emergency incidents that require rope rescue operations can present problems that require special skills and training. BECAUSE OF THE NATURE OF THESE EMERGENCIES, SAFETY MUST GOVERN EVERY ACTION UNDERTAKEN BY RESCUE PERSONNEL.

2. The minimum acceptable protective equipment on all rope rescue incidents shall include helmets and gloves.

3. All personnel shall have a portable radio, and whenever possible, the Rescue Sector should be on a separate channel.

4. All personnel shall use a Class 3 (seat and chest) harness in all high angle rope

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rescues. 5. All personnel operating at or within 5' of the edge of any height shall be tethered to an

anchor point. 6. Maintain a 10:1 safety margin when designing a rope rescue system. 7. A one persona load will be considered 300 pounds, 2 person load will be considered

600 pounds. 8. Only certified and maintained lifelines shall be used in rope rescue systems. 9. A 2 rope technique shall be used in all high angle rope rescue systems, and when

possible shall be different colors for main line and belay. 10. When possible, a separate anchor should be used for the main line and the belay line. 11. Ensure that all knots are tied and dressed correctly, and backed up with a safety as

needed. Section 4. Procedure Phase I: Scene Preparation Upon arrival at the scene high angle / rope rescue, the O.I.C. of the first arriving rescue squad shall obtain the following information from either the first arriving company officer, battalion fire chief, job site foreman, and/or reliable witness(es). Members of the Rescue Sector (both rescue squads and any other companies that may be needed) shall complete, or ensure completion of the following: Step One: Scene Assessment

1. Secure the scene. 2. Determine entry/exit points and Level III accountability. 3. Determine the location and number of victims. 4. Determine operation or activities of victim(s) prior to incident. 5. Determine access to the scene. 6. Get blueprints, maps, MSDS, and all other available information, or have on-site

personnel sketch a map as needed. 7. Determine the mechanism of entrapment or nature of the emergency. 8. Determine time of day (lighting needed) and any environmental factors (weather).

9. Determine whether the victim has the ability to self-rescue themselves if they are not exposed to a life-threatening situation and the scene is safe enough for a self-rescue.

10. Make a conscious decision as to whether this operation will be a rescue or a recovery. Step Two: Manpower & Equipment After evaluating the information received during the Scene Assessment phase and developing an incident action plan, review the resources on the scene and en route to determine if any additional resources are needed and request then.

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Step Three: General Area Safety 1. Establish safety/exclusionary zones as needed. 2. Conduct hazard assessment and remove any hazards within the rescue area.. 3. Controlling/limiting traffic and sources of vibration in the area, including shutting

down apparatus and vehicles if needed. • Lockout/Tagout all mechanical or electric powered devices or equipment capable of

causing injury within the rescue area. Note: If it is not possible to remove and/or secure any hazard, all personnel working within the rescue area must be made aware of the hazard

• If needed, ventilation in rescue area. WARNING: In this case, is air monitoring needed or is it a confined space emergency.

PHASE II: Rescue Preparation

Select anchor points or safely construct a load distributing anchor system. Select and safely construct a lowering system, as needed. Select and safely construct a raising system, as needed. Select and safely construct an appropriate belay system. Maintain awareness of critical angles in all rope rescue systems. Select and safely construct an appropriate patient packaging system, as needed. Determine and set-up necessary edge protection. Determine fall hazards. Note: Rope rescue incidents are often required in areas where

elevation deferential exists. Therefore, the possibility of someone falling, or something falling on someone, should always be considered and mitigated

Perform System Safety Checks a) Physical/Visual Check: Personnel should carefully review each and all system

components to ensure proper assembly. b) Load Test: Personnel should pre-load the system in a safe manner away from the

edge. c) Audible/Visual Confirmation: A signal should be issued by the personnel

performing the system safety checks that confirms their completion. This signal should address personnel utilizing the system, and must be acknowledged by them.

PHASE III: Termination 1. After operation is completed, remove all Rescue Group personnel and equipment. 2. Personnel accountability check. 3. Equipment accountability check. 4. Decontaminate all personnel and equipment as needed. 5. Inventory and inspect all equipment for any damage. 6. Secure the scene as needed. 7. Document manner and use of all equipment used. 8. Consider debriefing and/or critique.

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9. If the scene is a recovery or multiple agency incident, consider chain of custody issues. Section 5. Training All personnel developing, constructing, operating, performing a rope rescue, and backing-up shall be trained in rope rescue practices. Section 6. Equipment Approved Equipment All equipment used in rope rescue operations shall be approved by the Special Operations Battalion. Inventory Control 1. All ropes shall. be inventoried, inspected, and recorded monthly. 2. All ropes shall be inspected and recorded after each use.

3. All equipment used in a rope rescue operation shall be inspected, and if needed, cleaned after each use.

4. Care & Maintenance A. Rope:

1. Each rope use shall be recorded. 2. Do not step on rope. 3. Always use edge protection. 4. Avoid contact with battery acid, petroleum products, solvents, etc. 5. Do not use chlorine bleach or other bleaching agents to clean rope. Only use

cold water to wash and rinse rope. Hang loosely to dry out of direct sunlight. After drying, inspect rope throughly.

6. Rope shall be inspected visually by passing rope through your hands, feeling for any type of abrasions, irregularities, and/or deformities. These and anytime that the kern can be seen through the mantle, or suspected or known contact with chemicals and/or acids will be cause for the rope to be down graded and replaced.

B. Hardware: 1. Shall not be subjected to sharp bends under loads, such as building edges.

2. Carabineer shall not be subjected to loads on the gate. 3. Avoid dropping hardware. this may cause small fractures that cannot be detected by visual inspection.

4. Can be cleaned with warm soapy water, rinsed, and dried throughly. 5. Rappel racks shall not be subjected to unnecessary tension on the “elbow”, and the “castle nut” shall be inspected for tightness.

6. Pulleys shall be inspected for cracks and burrs. Wheel shall turn freely and “castle rout” checked for tightness.

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C. Software: 1. Shall be checked for cuts, nicks, and abrasions. 2. Webbing shall be pulled tight while inspecting every running foot. 3. Harnesses should also be checked for ripped and/or loose stitching. Equal and

opposite pressure should be applied to all harness pieces that are stitched together. Any stitching that is ripped or loose shall be enough to warrant placing out of service.

A drop of any hardware from higher than 4' and for any shock load to any equipment shall warrant those items involved to be placed out of service.

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APPENDIX A: Rescue Squad Personnel Assignments Due to the infinite number of possible sites and/or situations that may be encountered in a rope rescue operation, the personnel assignments may have to be changed to conduct a safe and effective rescue operation. Rescue Sector Leader Special Operations Battalion Fire Chief Rescue Group Leader Rescue Squad #1 Officer Rescue System Safety Officer 2nd Rescue Squad Officer Anchor Selection & Construction Rescue Squad #1 firefighter Main Line System Rescue Squad# 1 firefighter

2nd Rescue Squad firefighter Belay Line System Rescue Squad #1 firefighter

2nd Rescue Squad firefighter Rescuers Rescue Squad# 1 firefighter

2nd Rescue Squad firefighter Edge Control 2nd Rescue Squad firefighter Rescue Area Safety Officer Department Safety Officer

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APPENDIX B: Minimum Personal Protective Equipment For Rescuers RESCUERS •Helmet •Gloves •Class III Harness •Radio (with speaker-mic removed) •Carabineer (3) •Long Prusik (1) •Short Prusik (1) •Other Equipment Needed Based On Size-up: Pick Off Strap, Diaper Seat, additional prusiks, webbing, etc. EDGE CONTROL PERSONNEL •Helmet •Gloves •Class III Harnesses •Radio ALL SUPPORT PERSONNEL •Helmet •Gloves •Radio

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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 8 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued)

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 8 is a reissue of Old Bulletin No. 89 issued February 2004.

FIRST RESPONSE TO TRENCH/EXCAVATION COLLAPSE INCIDENTS

Background Trench/Excavation collapses kill over one-hundred people every year. Eleven hundred people are injured annually on job sites, both public and private. The public and the fire service often underestimate the hazards associated with open excavations. This information is being provided so that companies responding to these types of incidents will be able to avoid death or serious injury, and ensure the best possible outcome for the patient(s). Section 1. Purpose These guidelines are established to direct the activities of responding units at the scene of trench/excavation collapse incidents, prior to the arrival of Collapse Rescue Team personnel. These guidelines may also assist members in recognizing the need to request the Cave-In Task Force assignment. Section 2. Definitions Cave-in. The collapse of unsupported trench walls Excavation. An opening in the ground from a digging effort. Ground Pads. Materials used to distribute weight and forces over their surface area and thus minimize the possibility of rescuers creating a secondary collapse. Secondary Cave-in. A collapse of another portion of the trench after the initial accident has occurred. Sheeting. Wood planks and wood panels that support the trench walls, held in place with shoring. Shoring. The general term used for lengths of timber, screw jacks, hydraulic and pneumatic jacks and other devices that can be used to hold sheeting against trench walls. Individual supports are called shores, cross-braces and struts.

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Slough-in. The collapse of a portion of a trench wall in such a fashion that an overhang remains. Spoil Pile. The mound of material removed from an excavation. Tension Cracks. Cracks in the ground adjacent to the trench. Tension cracks indicate that the ground has shifted and should be taken as a warning sign. Trench. 1) An excavation that is deeper then it is wide. 2) A temporary excavation in which the length of the bottom exceeds the width. The term “trench” is generally limited to excavations that are less then fifteen feet wide at the bottom and less then twenty feet deep. Trench Lip. The edge of a trench Underground Utilities. Conduits carrying water, gas, and electric transmission lines. Uprights. Generally speaking, planks that are held in place against sections of sheeting with shores. Uprights add strength to the shoring systems. They distribute forces exerted by trench walls and counterforce exerted by shores over wide areas of the sheeting. Whales. Braces that are placed horizontally against sheeting. Whales transmit the loading from sheeting to the shores. Also known as “whalers” and “stingers” Wall. The side of the trench from the lip to the floor. Also called the face. Section 3. Standard Trench Collapse Dispatch In response to any call for a reported trench/excavation collapse, a Cave-In Task Force will automatically be dispatched. The dispatch will consist of the following:

Two Engine Companies, Engine 15 and the next closest Engine Company Closest Truck Company Two Rescue Squads, Rescue Squad 3 and the next closest Rescue Squad Special Operations Battalion Chief Collapse Unit Collapse Support Unit Safety Officer Hazardous Materials Unit One BLS and one ALS unit (R-12 if available) EMS Supervisor (EMS 1-6 if available)

Section 4. Safety The following safety procedures shall be utilized when responding to all trench/excavation incidents:

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1. Responding companies shall position apparatus no closer than 200' to the trench/excavation. 2. All apparatus shall be shut down. All construction equipment on the site shall be left in

position and shut down. 3. Under no circumstances will any member attempt to enter any unshored or otherwise

unstable trench or excavation, until deemed safe and approved by the Incident Commander. 4. No more than two members shall be utilized for recon/size-up. 5. During the size-up, the entire scene should be considered. Hazards on the site may not be

limited to the excavation. 6. Members approaching an excavation for recon/size-up shall do so from the narrowest portion

of the excavation. Section 5. Procedure The following procedure will be utilized by all units initially working on the scene of emergencies involving trench/excavation collapse: 1. First Arriving Engine Company: Shall secure the scene and perform initial Size-up.

(a) Locate the job site foreman and/or reliable witnesses: · Determine the nature of the work being performed. · Determine any additional known hazards such as disrupted utilities, potential for

secondary collapse, mechanical hazards, exposed but non-disrupted utilities, hazardous materials, explosives, etc.

· Determine what precipitated the incident. · Determine what actions have been taken. · Determine how long the excavation has been open. · Determine the location, number and condition of the victims contained within the

trench/excavation. (b) Gather and direct any ambulatory victims to treatment and triage areas outside of the

collapse zone. (c) Attempt to remove the civilian personnel from the immediate area. This may prove

difficult, as co-workers will invariably be attempting to rescue those who are trapped. Although there may be civilians in the excavation, under NO circumstances shall Fire Department personnel enter the trench/excavation.

(d) Two members may approach the excavation cautiously from the narrowest point to assess

the situation. These members will use available material as ground pads to distribute their weight as much as possible. If no materials are available, consider using backboards or ladders. The following observations should be made and relayed to the

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Incident Commander:

(A) Determine if the victim(s) are visible. (B) Determine their level of consciousness. (C) Determine the extent of their injuries. (D) Determine if they are able to move.

If they are able and it is deemed appropriate, give them a tool and allow them to start digging themselves out.

If they are able to climb, place a ladder near them and allow them to climb out if possible.

2. Truck Company: Shall be responsible for safety. (a) Establish Level III Accountability. (b) Establish exclusionary zone around and adjacent to the affected area at least 200 feet in

all directions to prevent entry and remove civilians from the immediate area. (c) Eliminate sources of vibration at least 500 feet in all directions initially. Restrict traffic,

commercial rail lines, METRO, construction work, and shut down apparatus and heavy equipment.

3. Rescue Squad: Shall begin or assist with scene preparation and assessment and implementation of the other requirements of the Trench Collapse Rescue Procedures. 4. Battalion Chief: Shall be responsible for overall coordination of Fire & EMS Department operations until the emergency has been mitigated. 5. All other units will stage a block away in line of approach.