17
Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana November, 2012 – Issue N° 1 ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 1 Economic GDP growth is expected to accelerate to 6.8 percent in 2012, against 3.9 percent growth in 2011. Consumer price inflation decelerated to 9.67 percent in October, 2012 reaching an historic low level for the first time. This was due to prudent monetary policy and fiscal consolidation. Regarding Monetary Policy, the Central Bank of Angola maintained its reference lending interest rate at 10.25 percent while the absorption capacity rate stood at historical low level of 1.5 percent. Meanwhile, the BNA’s bill interest rate for 63- days maturity decreased from 6.55 percent in April, 2012 to 3.76 in October, 2012. This was followed by a slight decline in commercial bank’s lending interest rates by 2 percentage points but the spread between lending and borrowing interest rates remains relatively significant (about 8 percentage points). Domestic currency exchange rate continued to record significant stability against the US dollar and the Euro closing the month of October at levels of AKz/USD 95.36 and AKz/EUR 119.69, respectively as a result of strong composition of foreign reserves and prudent monetary policy. Net international reserves recorded a new historic high, at a balance of USD 32.4 billion, which represents an import cover ratio of 7 months. Balance of payments improved to a surplus of USD 10.6 billion in October, 2012 up from USD 9.1 billion in the similar period of 2011 driven by rising oil exports. Fiscal balance registered a deficit of USD 1.3 billion in October, 2012 against the surplus of USD 0.7 billion registered in similar period in 2011. This was due to more than anticipated expenditures with infrastructure projects and quasi-fiscal operations. Public external debt dropped to 19.5 percent of GDP by the end of October 2012, compared to 22 percent of GDP in 2010. External debt remains manageable, with debt-to-exports ratio currently standing at 32.4 percent of GDP well below the IMF threshold of 150 percent. Key highlights of this report This report is the first of a series of Economic Quarterly Reviews by the African Development Bank’s Country Office in Angola. It covers Angola’s economic performance up to October, 2012 based on data available at the time of its publication. The report comprises the following sections: 1. Global Economic Trends ………………………...3 2. Angola: Economic Climate Indicators…….......3 3. Macroeconomic developments………………….7 3.1. Economic Growth…………………………….7 3.2. Inflation trends……………………………….8 3.3. Interest rate developments…………………9 3.4. Foreign exchange market………………….10 4. Banking sector and monetary developments.11 5. Fiscal performance………………………………12 6. External sector developments…………………13 Disclaimer: This research report is produced by the African Development Bank (AfDB), Angola Field Office (AOFO). The report is based on information from AfDB Group believes to be reliable. Whilst every care has been taken in preparing this document, no research analyst or member of the AfDB gives any representation, warranty or undertaking and accepts responsibility or liability as to the accuracy or completeness of the information set out in this document. Comments on this report should be directed Septime Martin, Resident Representative, Angola Field Office (email: [email protected]) with copy to Joel D. Muzima, Principal Country Economist AOFO (email: [email protected]). Este documento foi preparado pelo Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD), Escritório Local de Angola (AOFO) com base em informação de fontes que o Grupo Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD) acredita e são confiáveis. Apesar de todo o cuidado ter sido tomado na elaboração deste documento, nenhum analista ou membro do Grupo BAD fornece qualquer garantia ou aceita qualquer responsabilidade sobre a informação contida neste documento. Comentários sobre este relatório devem ser encaminhados a Septime Martin, Representante Residente, Escritório Local de Angola (email: [email protected]) com conhecimento de Joel D. Muzima, Economista Principal do País, AOFO (email: [email protected]). Contents

Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Quarterly Economic Bulletin

Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana November, 2012 – Issue N° 1

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 1

Economic GDP growth is expected to accelerate to 6.8

percent in 2012, against 3.9 percent growth in 2011.

Consumer price inflation decelerated to 9.67 percent in

October, 2012 reaching an historic low level for the first time.

This was due to prudent monetary policy and fiscal

consolidation.

Regarding Monetary Policy, the Central Bank of Angola

maintained its reference lending interest rate at 10.25 percent

while the absorption capacity rate stood at historical low level

of 1.5 percent. Meanwhile, the BNA’s bill interest rate for 63-

days maturity decreased from 6.55 percent in April, 2012 to

3.76 in October, 2012. This was followed by a slight decline in

commercial bank’s lending interest rates by 2 percentage

points but the spread between lending and borrowing interest

rates remains relatively significant (about 8 percentage

points).

Domestic currency exchange rate continued to record

significant stability against the US dollar and the Euro closing

the month of October at levels of AKz/USD 95.36 and

AKz/EUR 119.69, respectively as a result of strong

composition of foreign reserves and prudent monetary policy.

Net international reserves recorded a new historic high, at

a balance of USD 32.4 billion, which represents an import

cover ratio of 7 months.

Balance of payments improved to a surplus of USD 10.6

billion in October, 2012 up from USD 9.1 billion in the similar

period of 2011 driven by rising oil exports.

Fiscal balance registered a deficit of USD 1.3 billion in

October, 2012 against the surplus of USD 0.7 billion registered

in similar period in 2011. This was due to more than

anticipated expenditures with infrastructure projects and

quasi-fiscal operations.

Public external debt dropped to 19.5 percent of GDP by the

end of October 2012, compared to 22 percent of GDP in 2010.

External debt remains manageable, with debt-to-exports ratio

currently standing at 32.4 percent of GDP well below the IMF

threshold of 150 percent.

Key highlights of this report

This report is the first of a series of Economic

Quarterly Reviews by the African Development Bank’s

Country Office in Angola. It covers Angola’s economic

performance up to October, 2012 based on data

available at the time of its publication. The report

comprises the following sections:

1. Global Economic Trends ………………………...3

2. Angola: Economic Climate Indicators…….......3

3. Macroeconomic developments………………….7

3.1. Economic Growth…………………………….7

3.2. Inflation trends……………………………….8

3.3. Interest rate developments…………………9

3.4. Foreign exchange market………………….10

4. Banking sector and monetary developments.11

5. Fiscal performance………………………………12

6. External sector developments…………………13

Disclaimer: This research report is produced by the African

Development Bank (AfDB), Angola Field Office

(AOFO). The report is based on information from AfDB

Group believes to be reliable. Whilst every care has

been taken in preparing this document, no research

analyst or member of the AfDB gives any

representation, warranty or undertaking and accepts

responsibility or liability as to the accuracy or

completeness of the information set out in this

document. Comments on this report should be directed

Septime Martin, Resident Representative, Angola Field

Office (email: [email protected]) with copy to Joel D.

Muzima, Principal Country Economist AOFO (email:

[email protected]).

Este documento foi preparado pelo Banco Africano de

Desenvolvimento (BAD), Escritório Local de Angola

(AOFO) com base em informação de fontes que o Grupo

Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD) acredita e

são confiáveis. Apesar de todo o cuidado ter sido

tomado na elaboração deste documento, nenhum

analista ou membro do Grupo BAD fornece qualquer

garantia ou aceita qualquer responsabilidade sobre a

informação contida neste documento. Comentários

sobre este relatório devem ser encaminhados a Septime

Martin, Representante Residente, Escritório Local de

Angola (email: [email protected]) com conhecimento

de Joel D. Muzima, Economista Principal do País,

AOFO (email: [email protected]).

Contents

Page 2: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Executive summary

Angola is emerging from more than 27 years of war to

become Africa’s second largest oil exporter and its

third largest economy. Since 2003, the country began

to rebuild its infrastructure, the oil and non-oil sectors

grew substantially, and per capita gross domestic

product (GDP) reached middle-income levels. Despite

this progress, the economy remains highly vulnerable

to oil revenue volatility and there are still several

constraints to private sector development as evidenced

by the low standing (172 out of 185 countries) in the

World Bank’s 2013 Doing Business Report.

The authorities have embarked into an ambitious

program for revitalization of the country’s

infrastructure network using expansionary policies

but the country faced severe macroeconomic

imbalances after the collapse in oil prices in 2008–09.

In response, the authorities put in place a stabilization

program supported by the 2009–2012 Stand-By

Arrangement (SBA) of the International Monetary

Fund (IMF). Under the program considerable progress

was made toward regaining macroeconomic stability.

Angola attained an improved fiscal position, a more

comfortable level of international reserves, a stable

exchange rate, and lower inflation. Large domestic

arrears were settled, and progress was made in

strengthening fiscal transparency and accountability.

Macroeconomic conditions continued to improve in

2012. Oil production problems constrained real growth

to 3.9 percent em 2011 but GDP is expected to

accelerate to 6.8 percent this year. Headline inflation

declined, helped by a stable exchange rate, prudent

monetary policy and fiscal consolidation. The overall

fiscal surplus increased, mainly due to high oil prices.

The external current account improved, and

international reserves rose to historic levels of USD 32

billion for the first time, the equivalent of almost 7

months. The outlook for 2013 remains favorable with GDP

expected to accelerate to 7 percent. The energy,

transportation, and construction sectors are likely to

benefit from a gradual scaling up of public investment

programs. However, agricultural output and food-

prices are affected by a drought.

Sumário Executivo

Angola está a emergir após mais de 27 anos de guerra

para tornar-se no segundo maior exportador de

petróleo em África e terceira maior economia. Desde

2003, o país iniciou com a reconstrução das infra-

estruturas, os sectores petrolífero e nao-petrolífero

cresceram substancialmente e o Produto Interno Bruto

(PIB) per capita alcançou níveis de rendimento médio.

Apesar disso, a economia continua vulnerável à

volatilidade das receitas petrolíferas e ainda

permanecem vários constrangimentos ao

desenvolvimento do sector privado, como evidenciado

pelo baixo posicionamento (172 entre 185 países) do

país no Relatório do Doing Business 2013 do Banco

Mundial.

As autoridades embarcaram num programa ambicioso

de revitalização da rede de infra-estruturas nacionais

usando políticas expansionárias, mas o país enfrentou

graves desequilíbrios macroeconómicos depois do

colapso dos preços de petróleo em 2008-09. Em

resposta, as autoridades adoptaram um programa de

estabilização apoiado pelo Fundo Monetário

Internacional (FMI) através do 2009–2012 Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). Durante a implementação do

programa, foram alcançados progressos consideráveis

no que concerne à estabilidade macroeconómica.

Angola melhorou a sua posição fiscal, alcançou um

nível confortável de reservas internacionais, uma

estabilidade cambial e uma baixa taxa de inflação. Um

largo volume de pagamentos fiscais em atraso foi

eliminado e foi realizado um progresso significativo no

reforço da transparência fiscal.

Em 2012, continua-se a assistir a uma melhoria nas

condições macroeconómicas. Problemas técnicos na

produção petrolífera condicionaram o crescimento

económico em apenas 3.9 por cento em 2011, contudo

espera-se que o PIB acelere para 6.8 por cento este

ano. A taxa de inflação reduziu como resultado da

estabilidade cambial, implementação de políticas

monetárias prudentes e medidas de consolidação

fiscal. O saldo fiscal global aumentou, em parte devido

ao incremento das receitas petrolíferas. A conta

externa corrente melhorou, e as reservas

internacionais líquidas atingiram um nível histórico

de USD 32 biliões, pela primeira vez, o que

corresponde a 7 meses de cobertura das importações.

As perspectivas para 2013 são favoráveis e espera-se

que o PIB se situe em 7 por cento. Os sectores da

energia, transporte e construção poderão se beneficiar

mais da expansão fiscal em investimentos públicos.

Contudo, a seca irá afectar negativamente a produção

agrícola e os preços dos alimentos.

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 2

Page 3: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

1. Global Economic Trends

Global economic recovery has shown signs of further

weakness in the past three months. In Europe, the

measures taken by the European Central Bank,

although in the right direction, still they are proving

insufficient to ease risks accruing from the

deterioration of sovereign debt markets. Growth

momentum has also slowed in various emerging

market economies, notably Brazil, China and India

mostly due to decelerated domestic demand and fiscal

policy tightening. China’s growth, which hit a three

year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent,

is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade

balance as it accounts for 52 percent of total country’s

exports. The October, 2012 World Economic Outlook

report by the IMF projects that the global economy

will grow 3.3 percent this year, down 0.2 percentage

points from the April forecast and 3.6 percent in 2013,

0.3 percentage points lower than initially projected. Figure 1: Global GDP growth (annual percent change)

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook

Growth prospects for Angola are positive with the

output projected to accelerate 6.8 percent in 2012, well

above emerging economies, and only being surpassed

by China (Figure 1). In 2013, output is expected to

remain high due to strong performance of the non-oil

sector, in particular, construction, transports and

energy sectors, but the downside risks of oil price

decline should be closely monitored.

2. Angola: Economic Climate Indicators

The National Institute of Statistics (INE) economic

confidence index based on qualitative responses from

631 firms distributed by 6 sectors (extractive

industries, manufacturing, construction, trade,

tourism and transport) shows that during the second

quarter of 2012, the global economic confidence in

Angola maintained its stability that started in similar

period of 2011, although remained below the average

of the series.

1. Tendências da Economia Global

A economia global continuou a mostrar sinais de

recessão nos últimos três meses. As medidas

adoptadas pelo Banco Central Europeu têm se provado

insuficientes para reduzir os riscos da deterioração da

dívida soberana. O crescimento económico também

conheceu um abrandamento nas economias

emergentes, em particular, o Brasil, China e India

devido à redução da demanda agregada e ao

agravamento das políticas fiscais. O crescimento

económico da China, que atingiu 7.5 por cento no

segundo trimestre de 2012, um mínimo histórico dos

últimos três anos, poderá afectar negativamente a

balança comercial de Angola, dado representar cerca

de 52 por cento das exportações do país. As previsões

do FMI sobre as perspectivas da economia mundial

publicadas em Outubro de 2012 indicam para um

crescimento mundial de 3.3 por cento em 2012, cerca

de 0.2 pontos percentuais em relação a previsão de

Abril, e 3.6 por cento para 2013, cerca de 0.3 pontos

percentuais abaixo do inicialmente projectado.

As perspectivas de crescimento da economia angolana

são positivas e projecta-se que o produto interno bruto

(PIB) acelere 6.8 por cento em 2012, acima do nível

das economias emergentes, sendo apenas superado

pela China (Figura 1). Em 2013, espera-se que o PIB

mantenha-se elevado devido ao forte desempenho do

sector não-petrolífero, em particular, a construção

civil, transportes e energia, contudo, os riscos

derivados da baixa dos preços de petróleo devem ser

monitorados.

2. Angola: Indicadores de Confiança

Económica

O indice de confiança económica publicado pelo

Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), baseado em

respostas qualitativas de 631 firmas distribuídas por 6

sectores (indústria extractiva, industria

transformadora, construção, comércio, turismo e

transporte) mostra que durante o segundo trimestre

de 2012, o indicador de confiança económica global em

Angola manteve a estabilidade iniciada no período

homólogo de 2011, mas permaneceu abaixo da média

da série.

Os sectores da construção, transportes e turismo

mostraram um clima de confiança económico positiva

motivado pelos investimentos nas estradas e

reabilitação das linhas férreas. No sentido inverso, o

clima de confiança económico manteve-se desfavorável

nos sectores do comércio, indústria extractiva e

transformadora. Entretanto, acredita-se que a

conjuntura económica irá melhorar a médio prazo nos

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

2010 2011 2012 2013

World Angola Emerging Economies

China USA Sub-Saharan Africa

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 3

Page 4: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Transport, Construction and Tourism sectors

displayed a positive economic confidence driven by

ongoing investments in the roads and railways. In

contrast, the economic confidence indicator remained

unfavourable in trade, construction, extractive

industries and manufacturing. Nonetheless, it is

expected an improvement of the economic confidence

levels in the medium term in the sectors of

construction and manufacturing taking into account

the recent signing by ANIP (National Agency for

Private Investment) of 10 investment contracts worth

USD 22 million American dollars in the areas of food

industry, construction and service delivery.

Figure 2: Angola’s Economic Climate Indicators

áreas da indústria alimentar, construção civil e

prestação de serviços.

sectores da construção e indústria transformadora, o

que pode ser consubstanciado pela recente assinatura

pela ANIP (Agência Nacional para o Investimento

Privado) de 10 contratos de investimento, avaliados

em USD 22 milhões de dólares americanos para as

para as áreas da indústria alimentar, construção civil

e prestação de serviços.

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE).

Sample comprises 631 responses from firms located in the

provinces of Luanda, Benguela, Huila and Kwanza sul which

concentrate 80% of country’s industrial park and 53.5% of total

employment. The economic confidence index is an arithmetic

average of qualitative responses of the variables comprising

the indicator. The sample responses were distributed as

follows: extractive industries (32), manufacturing (150),

construction (50), trade (300), tourism (49) and transport (50).

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 4

Page 5: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

International commodity Prices

The precious metals markets along with energy

markets performed better in September and October

after tumbling during the first months of the year

Table 1). Gold and Copper registered strong

performance during the past two months and their

prices are poised to continue rising in 2013 as central

banks stimulus spurs investors to accumulate metal

holdings. Nonetheless, several factors may have

contributed to the steady performance of metal prices

during the first half of the year including the US

dollar surge against the Euro, expectations about

Spain asking for a bailout from the European Union,

and weak economic data from the United States,

Europe and China. Meanwhile gold prices advanced 11

percent to USD 1,746.58 in October, as investors are

buying bullion holdings to hedge against inflation and

a weaker dollar. Central Bank’s pledges for more steps

to boost growth from Europe to China helped stabilize

metal prices. These are likely to make Gold a number

one choice for save haven investing.

Crude oil prices topped USD 111.97 a barrel in U.S.

trading by the end of October amid the escalating

conflict in the Middle East. That followed the June-

July, 2012 sell-off which had sent prices from over

USD 120 down to USD 95.59 due to rising U.S.

inventories and efforts by Saudi Arabia to keep prices

on check. Oil prices are expected to hover USD 113

dollars in the following months supported by strong

manufacturing output in China (e.g. China’s HSBC

manufacturing Purchasing Manager’s Index rose to

50.4 in October, the first time in 13 months) and the

unrest in the Middle East which is likely to fuel

concerns over supply disruptions, boosting prices for

Brent crude-oil futures.

Evolução dos preços internacionais de

mercadorias

Os mercados dos metais preciosos e de energia tiveram

melhor desempenho em Setembro e Outubro

contraiando a tendência negativa do princípio do ano

(Tabela 1). O Ouro e o Cobre registaram um forte

desempenho nos dois meses anteriores e espera-se que

os seus preços continuem a crescer em 2013 dadas as

medidas de estímulo económico dos bancos centrais

incentivares a uma maior acumulação de metais

preciosos por parte dos investidores. Entretanto,

vários factores contribuiram para o fraco desempenho

dos metais preciosos no início do ano incluindo a

apreciação do dolar americano em relação ao Euro, as

expectativas sobre o eventual pedido de resgate

financeiro da Espanha à União Europeia, e os fracos

resultados económicos nos Estados Unidos, Europa e

China. Entretanto, o preço do ouro avançou 11 por

cento para USD 1,746.58 em Outubro, numa altura em

que os investidores encetam uma forte procura por

metais preciosos como refúgio contra a inflação e a

depreciação do dolar. O apelo dos banco centrais, da

Europa a China, com vista a tomada de fortes medidas

para aceleração do crescimento económico ajudou a

estabilizar a quotação dos metais preciosos. Estas

medidas irão contribuir para tornar o Ouro na

primeira escolha segura para os investidores.

Os preços do petróleo atingiram USD 111.97 por baril

no mercado norte-americano em finais de Outubro

perante a escala de conflito no médio oriente. Isto foi

seguido pela tendência de venda massiva registada em

Junho-Julho de 2012 que resultou na queda dos preços

de USD 120 para USD 95.59 devido ao execsso de

stocks nos EUA e os esforços da Arábia Saudita para

controlar os preços.

Table 1: International Commodity Prices, January-October, 2012

Gold Copper Iron Natural Gas Brent Crude Oil

USD/oz USD/tonne USD/tonne USD/m3 USD/barrel

December, 2011 1,641.84 7,558.88 136.46 113.86 107.97

January, 2012 1,652.21 8,061.92 140.35 96.10 110.99

February, 2012 1,742.14 8,441.49 140.40 91.06 119.70

March, 2012 1,673.77 8,470.78 144.66 77.89 124.93

April, 2012 1,649.69 8,285.53 147.65 70.31 120.59

May, 2012 1,591.19 7,896.91 136.27 87.56 110.52

June, 2012 1,598.76 7,428.29 134.62 88.36 95.59

July, 2012 1,589.90 7,584.26 127.94 106.73 103.14

August, 2012 1,630.31 7,510.43 107.80 102.14 113.34

September, 2012 1,744.81 8,087.74 99.47 102.68 113.38

October, 2012 1,746.58 8,062.03 113.95 119.49 111.97

Percentage change

(base: December, 2011) 6.3 6.7 -16.5 4.9 3.7

Source: Bloomberg

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 5

Page 6: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Table 2: Agricultural international Commodity Prices, January-August, 2012

Maize (USA) Rice Coffee Wheat Soybeans

USD/tonne USD cents/pound USD cents /pound USD/tonne USD/metric tonne

December, 2011 258.44 580.91 114.07 269.03 420.05

January, 2012 272.85 541.06 109.40 274.89 441.73

February, 2012 279.46 547.48 111.25 277.77 461.56

March, 2012 280.66 577.05 113.60 283.88 496.29

April, 2012 274.21 585.95 111.71 266.32 529.42

May, 2012 268.79 612.43 116.01 264.36 520.93

June, 2012 267.23 606.14 113.34 276.19 522.33

July, 2012 332.95 578.36 113.37 345.69 609.45

August, 2012 332.17 577.56 113.01 349.40 622.91

September, 2012 320.72 590.57 110.87 353.42 615.18

October, 2012 321.63 584.74 109.87 358.20 565.53

Percentage change

(base: December, 2011) 24.5 0.7 -3.7 33.1 34.6

Source: International Grain Council, Bloomberg

Wheat prices rose 1.35 percent in October, 2012

pushed up by a rise in US prices in European trade

and fed stimulus measures. Overall, wheat prices grew

by a cumulative 33.1 percent since the beginning of

the year and are set to remain high with support from

the U.S. market, where concerns about dryness re-

emerged, and a firm technical floor underpinning

Paris prices. Maize prices also surged by 24.5 percent

since the beginning of the year supported by the worst

drought in half a century. According to United States

Department of Agriculture (USDA) report, corn

farmers are set to benefit from a price increase of their

crop as it experiences strong and inelastic downstream

demand from a wide range of food industries. By

contrast, international rice and coffee prices were

among the largest decliners due to rapid progress

made in harvest in Brazil, Vietnam and Argentina.

Espera-se que nos próximos meses, o preço do barril de

petróleo ascenda aos USD 113 dolares sustentado pelo

forte desempenho da produção industrial na China (ex.

o Indice HSBC de Gestão da Produção Industrial na

China aumentou para 50.4 em Outubro, pela primeira

vez em 13 meses) e a crescente tensão no médio

oriente que poderá provocar uma escassez na oferta, e

elevar as quotações futuras do petróleo.

O preço do trigo aumentou em 1.35 por cento em

Outubro, 2012 impulsionado pela subida de preços nos

EUA, na Europa e pelas medidas de estímulo

económico da Reserva Federal dos EUA. No geral, os

preços do trigo cresceram em 33.1 por cento, em

termos acumulados desde o início do ano e espera-se

que se mantenham em alta devido à re-emergência da

seca prolongada no mercado norte-americano e

problemas técnicos que tem influenciado os preços no

mercado de Paris. O preço do milho teve um

incremento de 24.5 por cento desde o início do ano

influenciado pela ocorrência da pior seca dos últimos

50 anos. De acordo com o relatório do Departamento

dos Estados Unidos para a Agricultura (USDA), os

produtores de milho irão beneficiar do aumento dos

preços dado que esta mercadoria enfrenta uma

procura forte e inelástica ao nível da cadeia de valor

da indústria alimentar. Em contraste, os preços

internacionais do arroz e café são os que registaram as

maiores reduções devido ao progresso rápido verificado

na campanha agrícola no Brazil, Vietname e

Argentina.

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 6

Page 7: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

3. Macroeconomic developments

3.1. Economic growth

Angola’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate for

2012 is expected to accelerate to 6.8 percent against

the 3.9 percent registered in 2011 (Figure 3). Growth

is currently being driven by the non-oil sector, in

particular, energy, transportation and construction.

Nonetheless, several factors threaten the achievement

of the economic target for 2012. These include among

others: the volatile oil production, persistence of

external shocks, and electricity shortages. A recent

poll conducted by Reuters shows that Angola’s

economy is set to return to its double-digit growth

path boosted by a rebound in oil output after technical

output problems and maintenance hampered

production and economic performance last year.

Figure 3: Angola: GDP Growth

Source: Ministry of Planning, IMF staff estimates

Oil production

Initial forecasts from the state budget indicated for an

average oil production of 1.9 million barrels per day,

which was later revised downward to 1.7 million

barrel per day due to technical and maintenance

problems. Data from Ministry of Finance shows that

effective oil production for the first six months of 2012

reached 1.80 million barrels per day, thus slightly

above the target (Figure 4). This was due to the

recovery in the oil fields of Grande Plutónio and

Pazflor

3. Desempenho Macroeconómico

3.1. Crescimento Económico

O produto interno bruto (PIB) da economia Angola irá

acelerar para 6.8 por cento em 2012 contra os 3.9 por

cento registados em 2011 (Figura 3). O crescimento

continua a ser dinamizado pelo sector não-petrolífero,

em particular, o sector energético, transportes e

construção. Entretanto, vários factores poderão

ameaçar o alcance da meta de crescimento em 2012,

incluindo a volatilidade da produção petrolífera, a

persistência dos choques externos, e a escassez de

electricidade. Uma pesquisa recence da Reuters

mostra que a economia Angolana irá retomar a sua

tendência de crescimento de dois dígitos influenciada

pela retoma da produção petrolífera, uma vez

superados os problemas técnicos e de manutenção que

condicionaram o desempenho económico no ano

passado.

Produção Petrolífera

A previsão inicial do Orçamento do Estado estimava

uma produção média de 1.9 milhões de barris por dia,

sendo que a última revisão apontava para uma

redução da produção para cerca de 1.7 milhões de

barris por dia, em parte, devido a problemas técnicos e

de manutenção nas plataformas. Dados obtidos do

Ministério das Finanças indicam que a produção

efectiva durante os primeiros seis mêses de 2012

alcançou 1.80 milhões de barris por dia, portanto,

ligeiramente acima da meta (Figura 4). Este resultado

deveu-se a recuperação da produção nos campos

petrolíferos do Grande Plutónio e Pazflor.

Contudo, a produção petrolífera manteve-se volátil

mas foi compensada pelos preços favoráveis que

atingiram uma média de USD 113.5 por barril. Em

termos acumulados, as receitas de exportação de

petróleo atingiram cerca de USD 33.8 biliões de

Janeiro a Outubro de 2012, isto é, cerca de 6.2 por

cento acima do nível registado no período homólogo em

2011.

Nonetheless, oil output remained volatile but was

compensated by favourable prices which stood at USD

113.5 per barrel. In cumulative terms, oil export

revenues reached USD 33.8 billion from January to

October, 2012, that is 6.2 percent higher than the level

registered in similar period of 2011.

-10.00%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

GD

P g

row

th (

%)

Real GDP Oil GDP Non-oil GDP

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 7

Page 8: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Figure 4: Oil production, exports and revenues

Source: Ministry of Finance, OPEC

3.2. Inflation trends

Domestic prices continued to ease consistently,

following a deflation trend that started in mid-April,

2011 due to prudent monetary policy and fiscal

consolidation. In October, 2012 inflation recorded a

monthly variation of 0.91 percent and the Angola’s

twelve months average CPI recorded an historical low

of 9.65 percent in September supported by the stable

exchange rate (Figure 5). The underlying factors

driving inflation included the slight increase in food

and non-alcoholic beverage prices by 1.2 percentage

points, clothing, furniture, domestic equipment and

maintenance by 2.42 percentage points. The rising

production costs in agro-processing and manufacturing

as evidenced by the increase in the wholesale

production index (IPG) by 0.56 percentage points also

contributed for price increase. The current inflation

trend shows that government can meet its target of

ending 2012 with inflation at 10.8 percent but high

costs of refined petroleum products and food by

historical standards present a risk to the inflation

outlook. In addition, growing internal demand and

poor supply logistics mean inflation will remain a

challenge.

3.2. Tendências da inflação

Os preços domésticos continuaram a sua tendência de

desaceleração iniciada em meados de Abril de 2011

como resultado duma política monetária prudente e a

consolidação fiscal. Em Outubro de 2012, a inflação

atingiu uma variação mensal de 0.91 por cento, e o

índice de preços ao consumidor de Angola, para os

últimos doze mêses registou um mínimo histórico de

9.65 por cento em Setembro de 2012, influenciado pela

estabilidade cambial (Figura 5). Os factores que mais

contribuiram para a inflação incluem a subida ligeira

nas classes de alimentação e bebidas não-alcólicas em

1.2 pontos percentuais, vestuário, mobiliário,

equipamento doméstico e manutenção em cerca de

2.42 pontos percentuais. A subida dos custos de

produção no sector do agro-processamento e na

indústria manufactureira também contribuiu no

agravamento dos preços. A actual tendência da

inflação mostra que o governo poderá alcançar a meta

de 10.8 por cento até ao fim de 2012 mas os altos

custos dos produtos petrolíferos refinados e

alimentares representam um risco para a estabilidade

de preços. Por outro lado, a crescente demanda interna

conjugada com a insuficiente logística para a oferta de

bens e serviços implica que a inflação permanece um

desafio.

-

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

-

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

Production, barrels per day (right axe) Revenues of Exports, US$ billion (right axe)

Exports, million of barrels (left axe) Average Oil Prices in US$ (left axe)

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 8

Page 9: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Figure 5: Angola – Inflation trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

3.3. Interest rate developments

Commercial bank’s private sector lending interest rate

for 181 days to 1 year in domestic currency declined

16.4 percent in May to 14.25 percent in September,

2012 (Figure 6). Over the same period, deposit interest

rates for similar maturity and in domestic currency

declined marginally from 5.86 percent in May to 5.57

percent in September, 2012. Lending rates continue to

soften which is favourable for borrowers. However,

there is still a wide spread between lending and

deposit rates suggesting high financial risks and

banking sector operational inefficiencies.

Central Bank kept unchanged its basic reference

lending rate – “taxa de juro BNA” – at 10.25 percent,

but reduced the overnight standing lending facility

interest rate – FPC - from 11.75 percent to 11.5

percent a year while keeping the overnight standing

absorption facility rate at an historic low level of 1.5

percent. Current low inflation prospects increase

expectations of additional cuts in the FPC interest

rate, which will most probably continue to pressurize

downwards the lending interest rates.

Figure 6: Angola: Interest rate trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

3.3. Evolução das taxas de juros

A taxa de juros dos bancos comerciais para

empréstimos ao sector privado por períodos de 181

dias a 1 ano, e em moeda nacional reduziram de 16.4

por cento em Maio para 14.25 por cento em Setembro

de 2012 (Figura 6). Durante o mesmo período, as taxas

de juros de depósitos para iguais maturidades e em

moeda nacional, reduziram ligeiramente de 5.86 por

cento em Maio para 5.57 por cento em Setembro, 2012.

As taxas de juros sobre empréstimos continuaram com

a sua tendência decrescente o que é favorável para os

mutuários. Contudo, ainda persiste um elevado gap

entre as taxas de juro para empréstimos e depósitos

pressupondo a existência de altos riscos financeiros e

ineficiências operacionais no sector bancário.

O Banco Central manteve inalterada a sua taxa de

juro de referência – “taxa de juro BNA” – em 10.25 por

cento, mas reduziu a taxa da facilidade permanente de

cedência - FPC – de 11.75 por cento para 11.5 por

cento ao ano, e manteve inalterada a taxa da

facilidade permanente de absorção num minimo

histórico de 1.5 por cento. As actuais perspectivas de

inflação alimentam expectativas de cortes adicionais

na taxa de juro da FPC, o que muito provavelmente irá

continuar a pressionar para baixo as taxas de juro do

crédito à economia.

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

infl

atio

n (

%)

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Dec

-10

Feb

-11

Ap

r-1

1

Jun

-11

Au

g-1

1

Oct

-11

Dec

-11

Feb

-12

Ap

r-1

2

Jun

-12

Au

g-1

2

dep

osi

t ra

tes

(%)

len

din

g ra

tes

(%)

lending rates, 181 days to 1 yearSpreaddeposit rates, 181 days to 1 year

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 9

Page 10: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

3.4. Foreign exchange market

The domestic currency (Kwanza) recorded some

stability against the US dollar since the beginning of

the year, and depreciated only 0.02 percent (month-on-

month) to the US Dollar and 1.87 percent (month-on-

month) against the Euro, closing October, respectively,

at levels of 95.37 AKz/USD and 123.7 AKz/EUR

(Figure 7).

Figure 7: Angola: Foreign Exchange Trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Net International Reserves (NIR) recorded a new

historic high, at a balance of USD 32.4 billion in

October, 2012 (Figure 8), which represents an import

cover ratio of 7 months, supported by the inflow of

foreign currency from the pre-salt oil fields foreign

direct investment and oil export revenues at a level of

USD 16.9 billion.

At an annual basis, the local currency depreciated 2.2

percent (year-on-year) to the US Dollar, the first in 11

months, but recorded strong appreciation of 11.6

percent (year-on-year) against the Euro. In an effort to

stabilize foreign exchange markets, the Central Bank

injected from January to October, 2012, a cumulative

of USD 14.3 billion dollars, 17.1 percent higher than

the amount supplied in a similar period of last year

(Figure 9).

Figure 10: Angola –US Dollar market currency sales

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

3.4. Mercado Cambial

A moeda nacional (Kwanza) apresentou uma

estabilidade face ao dólar desde o início do ano, e

apenas depreciou-se 0.02 por cento face ao dólar e 1.87

por cento contra o Euro, respectivamente, numa base

mensal, fechando o mês de Setembro a níveis de 95.37

AKz/USD e 123.7 AKz/EUR (Figura 7).

O saldo de Reservas Internacionais Líquidas (RIL’s)

atingiu um novo máximo histórico de USD 32.4 biliões

em Outubro (Figura 8), o que representa uma

cobertura de importações de 7 meses, suportado pela

entrada de divisas no âmbito do investimento directo

estrangeiro no sector petrolífero e das receitas de

exportações de petróleo na ordem dos USD 16.9

biliões.

Figure 8: Angola: Net International Reserves

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Em termos anuais, a moeda nacional registou uma

depreciação face ao dólar americano de 2.2 por cento

(ano-a-ano), pela primeira vez nos últimos 11 meses,

mas verificou uma apreciação assinalável de 11.6 por

cento (ano-a-ano) face ao Euro. Por seu turno, o Banco

Central injectou de Janeiro a Outubro, 2012 um valor

acumulado de USD 14.3 biliões de dólares, cerca de

17.1 por cento acima do montante disponibilizado no

mercado no período homólogo de 2011 (Figura 9).

105.00

110.00

115.00

120.00

125.00

130.00

135.00

140.00

90.00

91.00

92.00

93.00

94.00

95.00

96.00

Oct

-10

Dec

-10

Feb

-11

Ap

r-1

1

Jun

-11

Au

g-1

1

Oct

-11

Dec

-11

Feb

-12

Ap

r-1

2

Jun

-12

Au

g-1

2

Oct

-12

AKz/USD (left axe) AKz/EUR (right axe)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Oct

-10

Dec

-10

Feb

-11

Ap

r-1

1

Jun

-11

Au

g-1

1

Oct

-11

Dec

-11

Feb

-12

Ap

r-1

2

Jun

-12

Au

g-1

2

Oct

-12

curr

ency

sal

es (

mill

ion

USD

)

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Net

Inte

rnat

ion

al R

eser

ves

(mill

ion

U

SD)

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 10

Page 11: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

4. Banking sector and monetary

developments

The growth in annual broad money (M3), defined as

total banking sector deposits (net of inter-bank

deposits), increased from 18.2 percent in June 2012 to

23 percent in October 2012 (Figure 10). On a month-

on-month basis, M3 growth declined from 3.1 percent

in September 2012 to 3 percent in October 2012.

Despite this decline, cumulative money supply growth

since the beginning of the year (21.6 percent) indicates

that there are no liquidity constraints in the economy.

Figure 10: Monetary aggregates and BNA rate trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Despite the monthly decline in the M3 growth rates, in

absolute terms total banking sector deposits increased

by 1.7 percent from USD 38 billion in August 2012 to

USD 38.7 billion in September 2012 (Figure 11).

Nonetheless, there is still need to attract more money

into the formal banking sector.

The loan-to-deposit ratio increased from 63.7 percent

in August 2012 to 65.3 percent in September 2012

(Figure 11). Given the low rate of transformation of

banking sector deposits, the slow growth of credit to

the economy (which only increased 1.94 percent in

October, 2012 and 19.45 percent on annual basis), and

the prevailing level of non-performing loans (only 2.5

percent), there is still room for commercial banks in

advancing more loans to private sector.

In terms of lending to the private sector, bank loans

were relatively diversified in a number of economic

sectors. As of June 2012, the distribution of bank loans

(Figure 12) was as follows: individuals (19.1 percent);

wholesale and retail trade (18.0 percent); community

and social (15.7 percent); real estate (10.4%);

construction (11.1 percent); manufacturing (7.2

percent); extractive industries (6.3 percent); transport

(3.5 percent) and other sectors (7.7 percent).

4. Sector bancário e desenvolvimento do

mercado monetário

A taxa de crescimento anual da massa monetária

(M3), definida como o total dos depósitos do sector

bancário (excluindo os depósitos inter-bancários),

aumentou de 18.2 por cento em Junho 2012 para 23

por cento em Outubro 2012 (Figura 10). Em termos

mensais, a taxa de crescimento da M3 reduziu de 3.1

por cento em Setembro de 2012 para 3 por cento em

Outubro 2012. Apesar deste declínio, a taxa

acumulada de crescimento da massa monetária (21.6

por cento) desde o início do ano mostra que não há

constrangimentos de liquidez na economia.

Figure 11: Total deposits and loan-to-deposit ratio

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Apesar do declínio mensal na taxa de crescimento da

massa monetária (M3), em termos absolutos, houve

um aumento dos depósitos totais do sector bancário em

1.7 por cento passando de USD 38 biliões em Agosto

para USD 38.7 biliões de dólares em Setembro 2012

(Figure 11). Contudo, ainda persiste a necessidade de

atrair maior volume de moeda para o sector bancário

formal.

A taxa de transformação dos depósitos aumentou de

63.7 por cento em Agosto para 65.3 por cento em

Setembro 2012 (Figura 11). Dada a baixa taxa de

transformação dos depósitios no sector bancário, aliado

ao lento crescimento do crédito à economia (que

apenas conheceu um crescimento de 1.94 por cento em

Outubro, 2012 e 19.45 por cento em termos anuais), e

o nível prevalecente dos créditos de cobrança duvidosa

(apenas 2.5 por cento), portanto, ainda existe espaço

para os bancos comerciais expandirem o crédito ao

sector privado.

Em termos de crédito ao sector privado, os

empréstimos bancários encontram-se ligeiramente

diversificados por alguns sectores da economia. Em

Junho de 2012, a distribuição do crédito bancário

(Figura 12) era a seguinte: individual (19.1 por cento);

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

bill

ion

Kw

anza

s

BN

A in

tere

st r

ate

(%)

Money supply (M3) Credit to the Economy

BNA interest rate, 63 days

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

loan

-de

po

sit

rati

o (

%)

Tota

l de

po

sits

/cre

dit

to

eco

no

my

(mill

ion

AK

z)

Total deposits Loans Loan-deposit ratio

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 11

Page 12: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Figure 12: Distribution of credit to the economy

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

5. Fiscal performance

Data from the Ministry of Finance shows that

government’s budget is expected to record a fiscal

surplus of USD 6.9 billion (6.1 percent of GDP) down

from 10.2 percent surplus registered in 2011.

Furthermore, as shown in Table 3 below, the state

budget envisages a reduction in the non-oil fiscal

deficit to 24.5 percent in 2012 as compared to 25.3

percent in the previous year. This will be achieved

through subsidies restrain and rationalization of

current expenditure.

Revenues increased from 34.5 percent of GDP in 2009

to 48.8 percent in 2011 but are expected to decline to

44.9 percent due to volatile oil revenues. Consistent

with government fiscal rationalization policy is the

current trend of decline of total expenditure which fell

from 44.2 percent of GDP in 2009 to 38.8 percent in

2012. Meanwhile, government’s total capital

expenditure, including quasi-fiscal operations

increased from USD 7.8 billion in 2009 to 10.3 billion

in 2012, a trend that reflects the authorities’

intentions to revitalize the country’s infrastructure

network (Table 4).

Table 3: Angola: Fiscal performance, 2009-2012 Indicators (% of GDP) 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total revenue 34.5 43.5 48.8 44.9

Of which: Oil-related 24.2 33.0 39.0 34.4

Of which: Non-Oil Tax 9.0 7.8 7.3 8.6

Total expenditure 44.2 38.2 38.6 38.8

Current expenditure 31.7 28.5 29.9 29.8

Capital expenditure 12.4 9.7 8.7 9.0

Overall fiscal balance -9.6 5.3 10.2 6.1

Non-oil fiscal balance -32.1 -24.3 -25.3 -24.9 Source: Ministry of Finance, Angola and IMF staff estimates

comércio a grosso e a retalho (18.0 por cento); sector

comunitário e social (15.7 por cento); imobiliária (10.4

por cento), construção (11.1 por cento); indústria

transformadora (7.2 por cento); indústria extractiva

(6.3 por cento); transportes (3.5 por cento) e outros

sectores (7.7 por cento).

Figure 13: Credit to the economy and M2, growth rates (y-o-y)

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

5. Desempenho do sector fiscal

Dados do Ministério das Finanças indicam que o

orçamento do estado para 2012 irá registar um

superavit de USD 6.9 biliões (6.1 por cento do PIB) o

que representa um recuo em relação aos 10.2 por cento

registados em 2011. Por outro lado, o orçamento do

estado contempla uma redução do défice fiscal do

sector não-petrolífero para 24.5 por cento em 2012

quando comparado a 25.3 por cento do ano anterior.

Este objectivo será alcançado através da

racionalização da despesa corrente e contenção dos

subsídios.

As receitas totais aumentaram de 34.5 por cento do

PIB em 2009 para 48.8 por cento em 2011 mas expera-

se um declínio para 44.9 por cento por razão da

volatilidade das receitas petrolíferas. Entretanto, a

actual tendência de declínio das despesas correntes,

que reduziram de 44.2 por cento do PIB em 2009 para

38.8 por cento em 2012 é consistente com a actual

política governamental de racionalização fiscal.

Table 4: Angola: capital expenditure financing

Indicators 2009 2010 2011 2012

Capital expenditure (includes quasi-fiscal operations) in

billion USD

Total capital expenditure 7.8 7.7 8.9 10.3

Foreign financed 2.4 1.6 2.0 2.8

Domestic financed 5.4 6.1 6.9 7.5

Capital expenditure financing (Percentage of GDP)

Total capital expenditure 12.4 9.7 8.7 9.0

Foreign financed 3.8 2.0 1.9 2.4

Domestic financed 8.6 7.6 6.7 6.6

GDP (billion USD) 75.5 82.5 104.3 112.7 Source: Ministry of Finance, Angola and IMF staff estimates

Extractive industries,

6.3% Manufacturing, 8.2%

Transport, 3.5%

Construction, 11.1%

Real Estate, 10.4%

Community and Social ,

15.7%

individuals , 19.1%

wholesale and retail

trade, 18.0%

Other, 7.7%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

bill

ion

Kw

anza

Credit to the economyMoney supply (M2)

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 12

Page 13: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

6. External sector developments

Angola’s external sector position remains favourable

with the country exporting more than it is importing,

however, the balance of payment is susceptible to

external shocks due to heavy dependency on oil

exports, thus the need for economic diversification.

The first six months of 2012 saw Angola remaining a

net exporter of goods and services. Current statistics

from INE show that the first quarter of 2012 recorded

the highest figure for net exports (USD 14.7 billion) for

the past two years (Figure 17).

During the second quarter of 2012, the country

imported a total of USD 6.3 billion mostly from

Portugal, China, Brazil, USA, and France. During the

same period, the country exported a total of USD 16.9

billion, with major destination countries being: China,

USA, India and Taiwan (Annex 1). The Angolan

exports remain concentrated on oil and petroleum

products while imports are mostly dominated by

transport materials, vehicles and metal equipment

(Annex 2).

Table 5: Angola’s trade balance (amounts in thousand

USD)

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE)

Public debt

Angola’s external public sector debt to GDP has

declined from 67.2 percent in 2002 to less than 19.5

percent in 2012, but total public sector (gross) -

external and internal - still account for one third of

country’s GDP in 2012. Overall, Angola’s debt outlook

appears sustainable with external debt to exports ratio

averaging 32.4 percent in 2012 well below the IMF

threshold of 150 percent. However, both external and

domestic debt levels are vulnerable to oil price and

growth shocks. Moreover, central government has

difficulties in curtailing the acquisition of debt by state

owned enterprises which is likely to exceed central

government debt issuance. This will require

strengthening of debt management capacities, in

particular, with regards to borrowing by State-Owned

Enterprises (SoEs) and other sovereign guaranteed

loans.

As despesas de capital, incluindo as operações quasi-

fiscais cresceram de USD 7.8 biliões em 2009 para 10.3

biliões em 2012, uma tendência que reflecte a intenção

das autoridades em revitalizar a rede de infra-

estrtuturas nacionais (Table 4).

6. Sector Externo

A posição externa de Angola permanence favorável

com o país a exporter mais do que importa, contudo, a

balança de pagamentos é susceptível a choques

externos dada a dependência das exportações no

petróleo, daí a necessidade de diversificar a economia.

Durante os primeiros seis meses de 2012, Angola

manteve a sua posição de exportador líquido de bens e

serviços. De acordo com dados do INE, o primeiro

trimestre de 2012 registou o valor mais elevado de

exportações líquidas (USD 14.7 biliões) dos últimos

dois anos (Figura 17).

Durante o segundo trimestre de 2012, o país importou

um total de bens e serviços avaliados em USD 6.3

biliões na sua maioria oriundos de Portugal, China,

Brazil, USA e França. Durante o mesmo período, o

país exportou um total de USD 16.9 biliões, na sua

maioria com destino para os seguintes países: China,

USA, India e Taiwan (Anexo 1). As exportações

Angolanas continuam concentradas no petróleo e

produtos petrolíferos enquanto que as importações são

dominados na sua maioria por equipamentos de

transporte, veículos e equipamentos metálicos.

Dívida pública

A dívida externa pública de Angola como percentagem

do PIB reduziu de 67.2 por cento em 2002 para menos

de 19.5 por cento do PIB em 2012, mas a dívida total

pública (bruta) – externa e interna – ainda constitui

cerca de um terço do PIB em 2012. Em geral as

perspectivas de gestão da dívida angolana são

sustentáveis com o rácio da dívida externa sobre as

exportações a situar-se em 32.4 por cento em 2012,

bem abaixo do limite de 150 por cento estabelecido

pelo FMI. Contudo, tanto os níveis da dívida externa

como a interna são vulneráveis aos choques de

crescimento económico e as flutuações nos preço do

petróleo. Por outro lado, o Banco Central ainda

enfrenta dificuldades no que respeita à imposição de

limites de contratação de dívida externa por parte das

empresas públicas, factor que poderá ser responsável

no excesso da emissão da dívida do governo central.

Este fenómeno requer um reforço das capacidades da

unidade de gestão da dívida, em particular, no que

respeita aos empréstimos às empresas públicas e

outros créditos com garantias soberanas.

Period Exports Imports Trade balance

2011Q1 15,721,070 4,577,394 11,143,676

2011Q2 16,102,973 6,135,729 9,967,244

2011Q3 17,302,869 4,384,530 9,065,497

2011Q4 17,295,332 5,693,516 11,601,816

2012Q1 19,387,232 4,684,336 14,702,896

2012Q2 16,910,755 6,308,960 10,601,795

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 13

Page 14: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Figure 14: Angola - External Debt Trend

Source: Ministry of Finance, Angola

Annex 1: Angola – Exports and Imports by country

II Quarter 2011 I Quarter 2012 II Quarter 2012 Percent Percent

Trading partners Thousand (USD) Thousand (USD) Thousand (USD) change change

(Quarterly) (y-o-y)

Exports

Grand Total 16,102,973.0 19,387,232.0 16,910,755.0 -12.8 5.02

United States of America 2,924,243.0 2,040,220.0 1,717,083.0 -15.8 -41.3

China 4,949,267.0 9,316,140.0 8,776,695.0 -5.8 77.3

Canada 1,343,440.0 893,972.0 747,826.0 -16.3 -44.3

France 363,895.0 117,336.0 308,151.0 162.6 -15.3

South Africa 552,583.0 455,299.0 1,071,266.0 135.3 93.9

Netherlands 461,424.0 481,181.0 235,997.0 -51.0 -48.9

India 1,986,385.0 2,060,973.0 1,138,949.0 -44.7 -42.7

Spain 296,496.0 228,291.0 226,195.0 -0.9 -23.7

Taiwan 1,480,365.0 1,220,872.0 1,009,016.0 -17.4 -31.8

Israel 50,091.0 36,871.0 42,856.0 16.2 -14.4

Italy 612,211.0 411,707.0 94,909.0 -76.9 nd

Belgium 16,252.0 18,764.0 19,717.0 5.1 21.3

Others 1,066,321.0 2,105,608.0 1,522,096.0 -27.7 42.7

Imports

Grand Total 6,135,729.0 4,684,336.0 6,308,960.0 34.7 2.8

Portugal 776,813.0 909,438.0 978,151.0 7.6 25.9

China 337,252.0 576,793.0 576,388.0 -0.1 70.9

Brazil 182,520.0 278,262.0 274,434.0 -1.4 50.4

United States of America 378,587.0 432,777.0 495,599.0 14.5 30.9

South Africa 215,175.0 233,547.0 264,401.0 13.2 22.9

Belgium 150,524.0 186,481.0 171,463.0 -8.1 13.9

France 158,553.0 190,414.0 248,425.0 30.5 56.7

Japan 66,611.0 157,559.0 166,285.0 5.5 149.6

United Kingdom 206,492.0 220,483.0 274,375.0 24.4 32.9

Italy 59,406.0 70,363.0 69,390.0 -1.4 16.8

Netherlands 571,209.0 96,291.0 106,263.0 10.4 -81.4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012

Exte

rnal

deb

t/G

DP

rat

io)

GD

P, E

xte

rnal

De

bt

(bill

ion

USD

)

GDP External debt ExDebt/GDP

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 14

Page 15: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Germany 81,150.0 108,531.0 62,915.0 -42.0 -22.5

Namibia 44,258.0 50,892.0 55,506.0 9.1 25.4

United Arab Emirates 92,564.0 120,592.0 171,450.0 42.2 85.2

India 73,866.0 127,908.0 159,270.0 24.5 115.6

Mozambique 2,344.0 2,186.0 629.0 -71.2 -73.2

DRC Congo 262.0 239.0 886.0 270.7 238.2

Mauritius 5.0 162.0 655.0 304.3 x

Zimbabwe 349.0 577.0 133.0 -76.9 -61.9

Tanzania 976.0 61.0 715.0 x -26.7

Others 2,736,811.0 920,782.0 2,231,626.0 142.4 -18.5

Source: Ministry of Petroleum, Ministry of Geology and Mines and Industry, Institute of Coffee, Ministry of

Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries, SNA - Customs National Services. Note: x -

percentage is above a thousand

Annex 2: Angola – Exports and Imports by products

II Quarter 2011 I Quarter 2012 II Quarter 2012 Percent Percent

Trading partners Thousand (USD) Thousand (USD) Thousand (USD) change change

(Quarterly) (y-o-y)

Exports

Grand Total 16,102,973.0 19,387,232.0 16,910,755.0 -12.8 5.0

Agriculture products 3,206.0 2,968.0 23,592.0 694.9 635.9

Fuel 15,789,103.0 19,096,593.0 16,599,998.0 -13.1 5.1

Wood nd nd nd nd nd

Metals nd nd nd nd nd

Other products 310,664.0 287,671.0 287,164.0 -0.2 -7.6

Imports

Grand Total 6,135,729.0 4,684,336.0 6,308,960.0 34.7 2.8

Agriculture products 448,509.0 685,345.0 580,805.0 -15.3 29.5

Food 288,950.0 431,114.0 407,165.0 -5.6 40.9

Fuel 613,136.0 68,629.0 126,577.0 84.4 -79.4

Chemicals 234,039.0 316,961.0 352,072.0 11.1 50.4

Plastics and Rubber 178,239.0 180,834.0 212,872.0 17.7 19.4

Leather products 6,652.0 7,800.0 7,075.0 -9.3 6.4

Wood 14,025.0 19,369.0 18,825.0 -2.8 34.2

Paper 62,961.0 84,987.0 77,640.0 -8.6 23.3

Textiles 46,345.0 49,933.0 59,621.0 19.4 28.6

Clothing 27,642.0 44,888.0 36,442.0 -18.8 31.8

Shoe products 20,532.0 22,999.0 24,756.0 7.6 20.6

Minerals 110,473.0 136,032.0 135,858.0 -0.1 23.0

Metals and equipment 447,750.0 604,145.0 699,988.0 15.9 56.3

Vehicles 941,998.0 1,108,672.0 1,238,686.0 11.7 31.5

Transport materials 2,453,124.0 668,878.0 2,062,447.0 208.3 -15.9

Optical/Lenses products 104,032.0 90,928.0 88,058.0 -3.2 -15.4

Other products 137,320.0 162,823.0 180,072.0 10.6 31.1

Source: Ministry of Petroleum, Ministry of Geology and Mines and Industry, Institute of Coffee

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 15

Page 16: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

Angola Development Indicators

Population (million) 19.6 (2011)

Annual percentage growth rate 12.2% (2005-2011)

Labor force, 15 years and above, as % of population in Angola 53% (2011)

Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 70% (2010)

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 36.6% (2009)

Infant mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 98.4 (2011)

Improved water source (% of population with access) 51% (2011)

Angola Economic Indicators Economic indicators 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Real GDP growth (annual % change) 22.6 13.8 2.4 3.4 3.9 6.8

Oil sector GDP Growth 20.4 12.3 -5.1 -3.0 -5.4 8.5

Non-oil sector GDP Growth 24.4 15.0 8.1 7.6 9.5 6.0

Annual CPI inflation 12.2 12.5 13.7 14.5 13.5 10.8

Public finance (as % of GDP)

Total revenues 45.8 50.9 34.5 43.5 48.8 44.9

Tax revenue 44.3 48.6 33.2 40.8 46.3 43.1

Oil related 37.1 41.2 24.2 33.0 39.0 34.4

Non-oil related 7.1 7.4 9.0 7.8 7.3 8.6

Total expenditures 34.5 42.0 44.2 38.2 38.6 38.8

Wages and salaries 7.9 8.6 11.1 9.4 9.0 9.7

Interest payments 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.0

Subsidies 4.7 7.0 6.0 6.7 7.8 6.6

Overall fiscal deficit (budget basis) 11.3 8.9 -9.6 5.3 10.2 6.1

Non-oil primary fiscal deficit (budget basis) -24.7 -30.8 -32.1 -24.3 -25.3 -24.9

Domestic investments (as % of GDP) 13 16 15 13 11 16

Gross domestic public debt (as % of GDP) 5.6 15.1 16.3 16.0 11.8 9.0

Gross external debt (as % of GDP) 15.8 16.5 20.1 21.7 19.7 19.5

External debt-to-exports ratio 21.5 21.3 36.6 34.7 30.2 32.4

Net international reserves (US$ billion) 11.2 17,8 13,1 19,2 27,5 31,0

As months of commodity imports 3.1 5.1 4.4 5.1 6.9 7.7

Current account balance (as % of GDP) 19.9 10.3 -9.9 9.0 9.6 7.3

Trade balance (as % of GDP) 53.3 52.8 24.2 41.2 45.1 39.5

Capital and financial account (as % of GDP) -9.8 0.8 2.8 -0.7 -1.6 -4.1

Exports of goods and services (as % of GDP) 75.9 77.7 54.2 61.4 64.5 59.5

Imports of goods and services (as % of GDP) 22.6 24.9 30.0 20.2 19.4 20.0

FDI in Angola (net) (million USD) -1,805 -891 2,199 -4,568 -3,974 -3,077

Source: Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Finance and IMF Staff estimates

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE

Land area 1,247,000 Km2 of which 58 million hectares is

potentially arable land

Population Major Provinces

Luanda: 5,851,200

Benguela: 1,985,400

Bié: 1,143,700

Huambo: 1,624,000

Uíge: 1,101,200

Kwanza-Sul: 1,353,800

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 16

Page 17: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · year low in the second quarter of 2012 at 7.5 percent, is likely to impact negatively on Angola’s trade balance

About the African Development Bank (AfDB)

The African Development Bank (AfDB) is Africa’s

premier development finance institution

established in 1964 to mobilize resources for the

economic and social development of its 53

regional member countries. The Bank’s

membership includes 24 non-regional member

countries bringing the total number of member

countries to 77. The Bank has been financing

development activities in its regional member

countries through its three windows of financing:

the African Development Bank (ADB) window,

the African Development Fund (ADF) window

and the Nigerian Trust Fund (NTF) window. In

the first quarter of 2012 alone, the AfDB Group

approved 60 loans and grants amounting to USD

5.52 billion.

About Angola and the AfDB

Cooperation between the African Development

Bank (AfDB) and Angola dates back to 1983. As

of November 2012, the Bank Group had financed

33 operations valued at approximately USD 474

million. Bank-funded projects are primarily in

the areas of agriculture and rural development,

environment, water and sanitation, and multi-

sector (good governance and finance). For more

information about the African Development

Bank, and its operations in Angola, visit the

Bank’s website at:

http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-

africa/angola/

Sobre o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento

(BAD)

O Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD) é

uma instituição financeira de desenvolvimento

líder em África criada em 1964 para mobilizar

recursos com vista ao desenvolvimento económico

e social dos seus 53 países membros regionais. Os

membros do Banco incluem 24 países não-

regionais, perfazendo assim im total de 77 países

membros. O Banco tem estado a financiar

projectos de desenvolvimento nos seus países

membros através de três guichés principais de

financiamento: O guiché do Banco Africano de

Desenvolvimento (BAD); o guiché do Fundo

Africano de Desenvolvimento (FAD) e o guiché do

Trust Fund Nigeriano. O Grupo BAD aprovou

cerca de 60 créditos e donativos no valor de 5.52

biliões, durante o primeiro trimestre de 2012.

Sobre Angola e o BAD

A cooperação entre o Banco Africano de

Desenvolvimento (BAD) e Angola data desde

1983. Cerca de 33 projectos avaliados em USD

474 milhões de dólares foram aprovados pelo

BAD até Novembro de 2012 em Angola. Os

projectos financiados pelo Banco em Angola

encontram-se distribuídos pelos sectores da

agricultura e desenvolvimento rural, meio-

ambiente, águas e saneamento, e áreas multi-

sectoriais (boa-governação e finanças). Para mais

informações sobre as actividades do Banco

Africano de Desenvolvimento em Angola, por

favor visite a página do Banco no seguinte

endereço:

http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-

africa/angola/

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 17