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Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015

Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

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Page 1: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Quantuminvariantsofknotsand 3-manifolds

ClémentMaria

TheUniversityofQueensland

June2015

Page 2: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

I.Topologyofknotsandmanifolds

2

Page 3: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Topologicalequivalence(s)

∼= ∼=

- Homeomorphism: bijectivecontinuousfunctionwithcontinuousinverse.

- Isotopy: continuousfamilyofhomeomorphism(”deformation”).

- Invariant: propertyinvariantunderhomeomorphism/isotopy.

3

Page 4: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Topologicalequivalence(s)

∼= ∼=

- Homeomorphism: bijectivecontinuousfunctionwithcontinuousinverse.

- Isotopy: continuousfamilyofhomeomorphism(”deformation”).

- Invariant: propertyinvariantunderhomeomorphism/isotopy.

3

Page 5: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Topologicalequivalence(s)

∼= ̸=

- Homeomorphism: bijectivecontinuousfunctionwithcontinuousinverse.

- Isotopy: continuousfamilyofhomeomorphism(”deformation”).

- Invariant: propertyinvariantunderhomeomorphism/isotopy.

3

Page 6: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Topologicalequivalence(s)

∼= ̸=

- Homeomorphism: bijectivecontinuousfunctionwithcontinuousinverse.

- Isotopy: continuousfamilyofhomeomorphism(”deformation”).

- Invariant: propertyinvariantunderhomeomorphism/isotopy.

3

Page 7: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Knots, linksandribbons

- Knot: embeddingof S1 → R3.

- Link: embeddingof S1 × . . .× S1 → R3.

- Ribbon: knot/linkwithorientationandframing.

4

Page 8: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Knots, linksandribbons

- Knot: embeddingof S1 → R3.

- Link: embeddingof S1 × . . .× S1 → R3.

- Ribbon: knot/linkwithorientationandframing.

4

Page 9: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Knots, linksandribbons

- Knot: embeddingof S1 → R3.

- Link: embeddingof S1 × . . .× S1 → R3.

- Ribbon: knot/linkwithorientationandframing.

4

Page 10: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Manifolds

- d-manifold: everypointislocallyhomeomorphicto Bd.

- Generalized 3-triangulation: setoftetrahedrawithtrianglegluings.

5

Page 11: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Manifolds

- d-manifold: everypointislocallyhomeomorphicto Bd.

- Generalized 3-triangulation: setoftetrahedrawithtrianglegluings.

5

Page 12: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Quantuminvariantsofknots

6

Page 13: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 14: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 15: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 16: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 17: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq

7

Page 18: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 19: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 20: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 21: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 22: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 23: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

W1 Wm

V1 Vn

· · ·

· · ·

f

Wm+1 Wq

Vn+1 Vp

· · ·

· · ·

g.= f ⊗ g

W1 Wq

V1

· · ·

Vp

· · ·

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

f :V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vn →W1 ⊗ . . .⊗Wm

W1 Wm

V1 Vn· · ·

· · ·

U1 U`· · ·

f

g.=

U1 U`· · ·

W1 Wm

· · ·

g ◦ f

f ⊗ g:V1 ⊗ . . .⊗ Vp →W1 ⊗ . . .Wq g ◦ f :U1 ⊗ . . .⊗ U`

7

Page 24: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

.=

V W

W V

V W

V W

V W.=

f

cW,V

idV⊗W

(cW,V )−1

7

Page 25: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

V W

W V

V W

V W

V W.=

f

cW,V

idV⊗W

(cW,V )−1

.=

7

Page 26: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

V W

W V

V W

V W

V W.=

f

cW,V

idV⊗W

(cW,V )−1

.=

V

.=

g

idV

θV

7

Page 27: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Constructionoftheinvariant

.= idV :V → VV

.= idV ∗V

cV,W :V ⊗W →W ⊗ VV W

W V

θV :V → VV V dv:V∗ ⊗ V → 1

V bv:1→ V ⊗ V ∗

WV

V W

W V

V W

V W

V W.=

f

cW,V

idV⊗W

(cW,V )−1

.=

V

.=

g

idV

θV

7

Page 28: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Ribboncategoryandribbondiagrams

A ribboncategory V isacategorywith:- tensorproduct ⊗ : V × V → V ,- braiding {cV,W : V⊗W → W⊗ V},- twist {θV : V → V},- duality {V∗, bV : 1 → V⊗ V∗, dV : V∗ ⊗ V → 1},

satisfyingasetofnaturalaxioms.

Theorem(Reshetikhin, Turaev)

A ribboncategoryassociatestoevery V -colouredribbondiagramamorphism 1 → 1. Itisanisotopyinvariant.

Proof: anyisotopyofribbondiagramsmaybedescribedbyasequenceofReidemeistermoves.

.=.

=.=

8

Page 29: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Ribboncategoryandribbondiagrams

A ribboncategory V isacategorywith:- tensorproduct ⊗ : V × V → V ,- braiding {cV,W : V⊗W → W⊗ V},- twist {θV : V → V},- duality {V∗, bV : 1 → V⊗ V∗, dV : V∗ ⊗ V → 1},

satisfyingasetofnaturalaxioms.

Theorem(Reshetikhin, Turaev)

A ribboncategoryassociatestoevery V -colouredribbondiagramamorphism 1 → 1. Itisanisotopyinvariant.

Proof: anyisotopyofribbondiagramsmaybedescribedbyasequenceofReidemeistermoves.

.=.

=.=

8

Page 30: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Quantuminvariantsof 3-manifolds

9

Page 31: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Surgerypresentation

Let k ⊆ S3. A surgery onthe 3-spherealong k consistsin”drilling” k outof S3 andgluebackasolidtorusalongthetoricboundary.

Theorem(Lickorish-Wallace)

Every 3-manifoldmaybeobtainedbysurgeryon S3 alongalink.

10

Page 32: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Invariantof 3-manifoldLet M bea 3-manifold, obtainedbysurgeryon S3 alongalink k with mcomponents {L1, . . . , Lm}.

Let V bearibboncategory 1. Foracolouring λ : {L1, . . . , Lm} → V ,denoteby F(k, λ) theassociatedribboninvariant.Finally, sumoverallcolourings:

τ(M,V) = AV∑

λ : {L1,...,Lm}→V

Dλ × F(k, λ)

1withanextranotionof”decomposability”ofobjects.

11

Page 33: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Invariantof 3-manifoldLet M bea 3-manifold, obtainedbysurgeryon S3 alongalink k with mcomponents {L1, . . . , Lm}.

Let V bearibboncategory 1. Foracolouring λ : {L1, . . . , Lm} → V ,denoteby F(k, λ) theassociatedribboninvariant.Finally, sumoverallcolourings:

τ(M,V) = AV∑

λ : {L1,...,Lm}→V

Dλ × F(k, λ)

1withanextranotionof”decomposability”ofobjects.

11

Page 34: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Invariantof 3-manifold

Theorem(Reshetikhin, Turaev)

Foramanifold M obtainedbysurgeryon S3 along k, andaribboncategory V ,

τ(M,V) = AV∑

λ : {L1,...,Lm}→V

Dλ × F(k, λ)

isa 3-manifoldinvariant.

Proof: Tworibbonsleadingtothesamemanifoldviasurgeryon S3 arerelatedbyasequenceofReidemeistermovesand Kirbymoves.

.=

.=

.= .

=

12

Page 35: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Invariantof 3-manifold

Theorem(Reshetikhin, Turaev)

Foramanifold M obtainedbysurgeryon S3 along k, andaribboncategory V ,

τ(M,V) = AV∑

λ : {L1,...,Lm}→V

Dλ × F(k, λ)

isa 3-manifoldinvariant.

Proof: Tworibbonsleadingtothesamemanifoldviasurgeryon S3 arerelatedbyasequenceofReidemeistermovesand Kirbymoves.

.=

.=

.= .

=

12

Page 36: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Why”quantum”?

Itiseasytofindalgebraicobjects(vectorspaces, modules)withthestructureofaribboncategory(usualtensorproduct, duality).

Thesesimpleexampleshoweverleadtotrivialknotsinvariants.

Ex: vectorspaces cV,W(v⊗ w) = w⊗ v

V⊗WcV,W //

idV⊗W %%KKKK

KKKK

K W⊗ V

cW,V

��V⊗W

Quantumgroups(intherepresentationtheoryofLiealgebras)leadtonon-trivialribboncategories. Andpowerfulinvairiantsin C.

13

Page 37: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Algorithmicaspectsofquantuminvariants

14

Page 38: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Computationoftheinvariants

Pushingabitmoretheconstruction, wegetthe Turaev-Viroinvariant(== |τ |2)defineddirectlyonthetriangulation:

Pachnermoves

Quantumgroupsleadtoinvariantsparameterisedbyaninteger r ≥ 3.

- r = 3, polynomialtimealgorithm(reducedtohomology),

- r = 4, #P hard,

- fullyparameterisedalgorithmintreewidth: O((r+ 1)6k × poly(n))

[Burton, M., Spreer’15]

15

Page 39: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Conclusion

16

Page 40: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Takeaway

TurnaqualitativetheoryintoaquantitativecomputationviaReidemeistermoves, surgery, Kirbymoves, Pachnermoves, etc.

.=

.=

.= .

=

Pachnermoves

Interestingcomplexitytheoryforthecomputationofquantuminvariants.

Thankyou!

17

Page 41: Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds · Quantum invariants of knots and3-manifolds Clément Maria The University of Queensland June 2015. I. Topology of knots and manifolds

Takeaway

TurnaqualitativetheoryintoaquantitativecomputationviaReidemeistermoves, surgery, Kirbymoves, Pachnermoves, etc.

.=

.=

.= .

=

Pachnermoves

Interestingcomplexitytheoryforthecomputationofquantuminvariants.

Thankyou!

17