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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 3, March-2017 286 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2017 http://www.ijser.org
QuantitativeWell-log Analysis and PetrophysicalEvaluation at Port
Fouad Field, Offshore, Nile Delta, Egypt.
Tharwat H.Abd El-Hafeez, Ahmed S.Salahand Mohamed S.Mahrous
ABSTRACT: The Nile Delta basin is one of the most important gas producing provinces in Egypt and contains a thick sequence of potential hydrocarbon source rocks that generate essentially gas and condensate.
Port Fouadfieldlocated in the eastern offshore area of the Nile Delta of Egypt, between long. 31o 84', 32o 44' E, and lat. 31o 52', 31o30' N approximately, 35 km NE of Port Said City, It measures about 13.85 in width and 10.40 km in length and a total area of 144 km2. Port FouadField is a big gas field discovered in 1992 by the International Egyptian Oil Company (IEOC).
The present study deals with the evaluation of subsurfacegeology and hydrocarbon potentialities of the Miocene Wakar Formation, based on surface borehole geological, quantitative well-log analysis that was encountered inSixexploratory and development wells, These wells weredistributed in the Port Fouad Marin Field in the eastern partof the offshore Nile Delta area Egypt, The target obtained in the present study is Wakarformation and especially Sand Level 1 zone the most productive one.
Six wells have been selected from Port Fouad field containing complete set of logs (gamma-ray, resistivity, neutron and density) and core analysis reports obtained for one well in the study area.
A comprehensive analytical formation evaluation program has been applied on the available well logs utilizing the IPpetrophysics software to evaluate the petrophysical parameters and to construct lithosaturation plots and isoparametric contour maps.
—————————— ——————————
INTRODUCTION
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The Nile Delta basin is one of the most important gas
producing provinces in Egypt and contains a thick sequence of
potential hydrocarbon source rocks that generate essentially
gas and condensate.
The total area of Nile Delta is 26,450 Km2 of which 19, 200
Km2 inland and 7,250 Km2 offshore. The Nile Delta is locate
sedimentary build up began in the Miocene time with a very
thick section of Late Tertiary – Quaternary sediments indicating
a rapid and continuous deposition in a gradually subsiding
basin. This section consists mainly of shale with sandstone
intercalations.
Since 1993, renewed exploration of the offshore, eastern Nile
Delta of Egypt has been dramatically successful.
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Significant new gas fields have been found in Pliocene and
Miocene sandstone reservoirs which have been tested with flow
rates of 25 to 36 million cubic feet per day, with 500 to 2000
barrels of condensate.( Philip D. and Martin L. AIbertin
1998Heppard).
In 1967 IEOC discovered the first gas field in the country, Abu
Madi, one of the largest in Egypt.
Over the years, other significant gas discoveries have been
made and put on production by eni: the onshore East Delta
and El Qar’, as well as the offshore Port Fouad, Darfeel,
Barboni, Anshuga, Baltim East, Baltim North, El Temsah, Tuna,
Denise and Denise South fields .
Thick sandstones in the Qantara, Sidi Salem, Wakar and Kafr
El Sheikh Formations have proved to be the most suitable
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reservoir units in the study area (EGPC, 1994). Seals are
provided by shales within the Sidi Salem and Wakar
Formations
The Nile Delta is generally known as a natural gas-prone
(essentiallymethane/gas condensate) region with production
fromMiocene and Pliocene fields.
Fig. 1: Geographic map shows the location of study area and the main gas fields
of the Nile Delta, among them are Port Fouad Marine and Wakar fields.
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Area of Study
The study area is located in the eastern offshore area of the
Nile Delta of Egypt, between long. 31o 84', 32o 44' E, and lat.
31o 52', 31o30' N approximately, 35 km NE of Port Said City,
It measures about 13.85 in width and 10.40 km in length and a
total area of 144 km2,Port FouadField is a big gas field
discovered in 1992 by the International Egyptian Oil Company
(IEOC).( Khaled K.A.,Attia G.M., Metwalli F.I. and Fagelnour
M.S2014).
It lies in Petrobel's offshore North Port Said block. With
reserves proven so far at 3 Trillion Cubic Feet (TCF) from
reservoirs lying at a depth of 4,000 meters.
Port Fouad field came on stream in April 1996 to initial
production 70 MCF/d of gas and 3,500 b/d of condensate.
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Wakar field lies also in the same block 17 km north of Port
Said city, proving reserves of 1.5 TCF. The pay zone is at a
depth of 4,000 meters. It began production in February 1997
from a platform similar to that used in Port Fouad, field with a
capacity of 42 MCF/d of gas and 2,740 b/d of condensate.
The present study deals with the evaluation of
subsurfacegeology and hydrocarbon potentialities of the
Miocene WakarFormation, based on surface borehole
geological and well logging data that were encountered
infiveexploratory and development wells. These wells
weredistributed in the Port Fouad Marin Field in the eastern
partof the offshore Nile Delta area (Fig 2).
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Fig.2: Study Area and Location map of the Studied Wells, port fouadmarine field,
Nile Delta, Egypt,afterPetrobel.
Materials and Methodology
Reservoir Evaluation to evaluate the hydrocarbon potentialities
of the studied interval on the light of the petrophysical and
lithological parameters achieved for each well individually.
Both petrophysical parameters evaluation and reserve
estimation for the study area calculated by using the available
wireline data for some conventional/advanced logging tools .
The well-logging data comprise resistivity, sonic, neutron,
density, nuclear magnetic resonance, spontaneous potential,
caliper, and gamma ray and natural gamma ray spectrometry
logs, where the geological data are represented by composite
logs
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A CPI was accomplished through two different software
techniques IP (Interactive Petrophysics) of senergy and
Techlog of Schlumberger,todetermin the main petrophysical
parameters (Vsh, PHI, Sw and Sg), net reservoir and net pay
and to construct lithosaturation plots CPI and isoparametric
contour maps.
Resistivity method and Pickett plots were used to estimate
Formation water resistivity (Rw) in each reservoir.
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SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL SETTING
The Nile Delta is one of the most important gas-producing
provinces in Egypt. The geologAical framework and structural
evolution of the Delta have been the subject of considerable
research (see for example Said,1990; Kamelet al., 1998).
Stratigraphy
The lithostratigraphy of the Nile Delta has been studied by
many geologists of which one may mention: (Said, 1962 and
1982); (Barakat, 1987); (Sarhan, Barsoum and Bertello,
1996); (Nashaat, 1990, 1992, and 2000).
The generalized stratigraphic sequence show in fig.3
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Fig: 3Mediterranean offshore concession, aftetPetrobel
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Structural Framework .
The Nile delta sub divided into two sub provinces by a faulted
hinge line oriented WNW to ESW allocated at Kafr El Sheikh
Latitude city. This hinge line is known as the faulted flexure that
is separates the south delta province from the north delta plain
basin. The southern delta province the subsurface structure is
complicated by the interaction between tectonic elements of
different ages and with different orientation on these structures
is superimposed. These are The E-NE and NE trending folds
of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age (the Syrian arc folds). The
Oligocene to Early Miocene NW-SE trending faults which were
associated with a major up lift in the south coupled with basaltic
extrusion. The Late Miocene and Pliocene delta subsidence was mainly
concentrated along the axis of the Nile valley
The Western margin of delta province
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The western margin of the Nile Delta is marked by high nature,
forms a ridge of Aptian carbonates, and seen at about 1.2
seconds on the seismic sections, The Natrun high block with
basement at a depth of 12,000 feet, may have been a positive
feature since the Paleozoic( Abdel Azim,2004).
The Northern slop province and faulted fexture:
In the intermediate "Slope" province over and north of the
faulted flexure, rotated faulted blocks represent gravity-induced
displacements on curved normal fault surfaces dipping sea
ward(Fig. 4).The block separated by relatively planner faults in
the zone of interest are four to eight kilometres wide and dip 3
to 8 to the south. Major displacement occurred in the Middle
Miocene time, since the block are truncated by the
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SeravallianTortonian unconformity and overlying younger strata
are broken only rarely by the faults.
The Eastern Margin of the Delta Province
Along the eastern part of the intermediate “Slope " belt
between
Mansoura and the Suez canal, linear fault blocks from a series
of E-W peripheral ridges created from the Middle-Upper
Miocene uplift ofOligocene Lower Miocene fault blocks that are
terminated towards the north by major E-W faults. These
Structure were later inverted.
The South Delta province
Structure in the south delta providence affect essentially an
Eocene to Triassic succession similar to that of the West
Desert and North Sinai cross the southern part of the Nile
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Delta, in apparent continuity with a zone of liner uplifts SE of
Khatatba. The north boundary of the area is marked by the
faulted flexure where a rapid northward increase in slop of the
Pre-Oligocene takes.In the south delta province, there is a
contrast between structure in the southeastern part from Abu
Sultan to Abu Roash-Khatatba, which have SW-NE and W-SW
to E-NE trends. The north western and center delta regions,
have a deep structure trending to E-W, W-SW and E-NE
trend. Both types of structure were uplifted essential in the Late
Cretaceous to Eocene and suffered considerable erosion.
The Nile Delta Core
On and under continental slop the surface sediments are
affected by extensive superficial faulting, large scale slumping
and diapiric phenomena. The north eastern margin of th Nile
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Delta and the south western margin of the Nile Delta cone is
marked by the Bardawil escarpment which delineates a major
W-NW to E-SE fault zone comprise of several seep N-NW to
SE fault Zone comprise of several steep N-NE facing fractures
and the S-SW ward tilting of sediments. Salt walls parallel the
faults.
Fig. 4 Regional structural setting, north Nile Delta [12,5].
Khaled K.A., Attia G.M., Metwalli F.I. and Fagelnour M.S.2014
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Tectonic Setting
Tectonics has played a dominant role in the location and inthe
structural and depositional history of the Nile delta. The
regionoccupies a key position in the context of the plate-
tectonicevaluation of the eastern Mediterranean and the Red
Sea. It lies onthe moderately deferent external margin of the
African plate (the Unstable Shelf of Said, 1962) which extends
well north of the
Mediterranean coast.
The geological development of the Nile Delta and itssubmarine
extension, the Nile cone is a recent phenomenon
whencompared with other major deltas, such as the Niger
andMississippi. The Nile Delta can be subdivided into the
followingstructural sedimentary provinces (Fig. 5).
(A) The South Delta province, a continuation of Western
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Desert stratigraphic sequences and structure.
(B) The North Delta basin.
(C) The Nile cone.
(D) The Levant platform.
The basal rocks underlying the Neogene Nile Delta are the
folded platform carbonates of the Mesozoic to Lower
Eocene.Their location under the offshore Nile Delta and the
majorstructural trends are presently unknown because they lie
beyondboth the usual recording time of commercial seismic
data and thepenetration of the deepest wells drilled.
The tectonic development and the deformation patterns in
theNile Delta are complicated by the interaction of diversely
orientedstructural features, which are the result of the following
stages oftectonic deformation:
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(A) The differential vertical movement of E – W oriented
horstblocks and grabensa long the passive margin of theAfrican
plate as well as the overall subsidence of the Tethya basin
versus the up lift of the Afro-Arabian margin.
(B) The arching of the Red Sea region followed by NE–SWand
NNE– SSW rifting and sea floor spreading as theWestern
Desert basement structure map show a NW-S right, lateral
shear movement of regional extent, whichtogether with the
NNW to SSE faults, displace the NE-SWoriented Syrian Arc
structures.
(C) Sediment loading at the expanding Plio-Pleistocene
deltafront resulted in the formation of growth faults, shelfmargin
slumping and normal faulting.
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The northeast margin of the Nile Delta continental shelf
isintensely down faulted with SW tilted blocks and a major
WNWto ESE diaperic salt ridge forming the Bardawil fault zone.
Thisfeature belongs to original NW-SE fault system with
dextralstrike-slip component formed in the Late Miocene, which
waslater rejuvenated in the Pleistocene
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Fig.5: Major Structural Features in the Nile Delta (Sahran and Hemdan,
1994).
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WELL LOG INTERPRETATION &PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION
Vertical variation of petrophysical parameters was constructed
for the studied wells in the area under investigation using IP
(Interactive Petrophysics) program.
Litho-Saturation Cross plots
In order to illustrate the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon
saturation through petrophysical parameters, a number of litho-
saturation crossplots were constructed. These plots exhibit a
number of continuous logs showing the variations inherited in
rocks materials and parameters against depth.
Figure 6 To 11 represents the combined litho-saturation cross-
plot of Study wells (Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1),Wakar
Formation characterized by the predominance of shale and
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sandstone layers.The main target of this study is Sand Level -
1, other Sand levels were dry in the study wells.
Litho-Saturation Cross-Plot of PFMS-1 Well
Figure 6. represent the combined litho-saturation cross plot for
PFMS-1 Well (Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
the net sand of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1 is 0.6 meters, the
shale content is about 14%, the effective porosity is 30.5%,
and the hydrocarbon saturation is about 55.7 %.
Litho-Saturation Cross-Plot of PFM-3Well
Figure 7. represent the combined litho-saturation cross plot for
PFM-3 Well (Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
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the net sand of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1 is 1.52 meters, the
shale content is about 4%, the effective porosity is 24.3%, and
the hydrocarbon saturation is about 61.5 %.
Litho-Saturation Cross-Plot of PFM-SE-1 Well
Figure 8.represent the combined litho-saturation cross plot for
PFM-3 Well (Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
the net sand of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1 is 5.5 meters, the
shale content is about 6%, the effective porosity is 29.4%, and
the hydrocarbon saturation is about 77.1 %.
Litho-Saturation Cross-Plot of PFM-SW-5 Well
Figure 9 represent the combined litho-saturation cross plot
for PFM-SW-3 Well (Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
the net sand of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1 is 6.23 meters, the
shale content is about 5%, the effective porosity is 23.3%, and
the hydrocarbon saturation is about 68.8 %.
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Litho-Saturation Cross-Plot of PFM-11 Well
Figure 10 represent the combined litho-saturation cross plot
for PFM-11 Well (Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
the net sand of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1 is 2.3 meters, the
shale content is about 1%, the effective porosity is 25.6%, and
the hydrocarbon saturation is about 59 %.
Litho-Saturation Cross-Plot of PFSE-5 Well
Figure 11 .represent the combined litho-saturation cross plot
for PFSE-5 Well (Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
the net sand of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1 is 3.25 meters, the
shale content is about 13%, the effective porosity is 13.7%, and
the hydrocarbon saturation is about 5.7 %.
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PFMS-1Scale : 1 : 500DEPTH (3158.03M - 3218.99M) 13/12/2016 06:01DB : WELL_1 (1)
Depth
DEPTH(M)
Zone
PF
MS
-1_ZO
NA
TIO
N
GammaRay
R1:GR_EDTC (GAPI)0. 150.
Porosity
R1:APLC (V/V)0.45 0.15
R1:RHOZ (G/C3)1.95 2.95
Sand
Resistivity
R1:AE90 (OHMM)0.2 20000.
R1:AE10 (OHMM)0.2 20000.
Saturation
SW (Dec)1. 0.
Porosity
PHIT (Dec)0.5 0.
PHIE (Dec)0.5 0.
Lithology
VWCL (Dec)0. 1.
PHIE (Dec)1. 0.
VSILT (Dec)0. 1.
VCOAL (Dec)0. 1.
VSALT (Dec)0. 1.
KillFlag ()0. 1.
Clay
Porosity
Silt
SANDSTONE
Coal
Salt
No Analysis
3160
3165
3170
3175
3180
3185
3190
3195
3200
3205
3210
3215
SH
ALE
S
AN
D L
EV
EL
1
SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1
Fig. 6.Litho-SaturationCross-Plot of PFMS-1 Well
(Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
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JF 75-2 (PORT FOUAD MARINE-3)Scale : 1 : 240DEPTH (3037.03M - 3065.07M) 13/12/2016 05:59DB : WELL_1 (2)
Depth
DEPTH(M)
Zone
ZO
NA
TIO
N
GR
R1:GR (GAPI)0. 150.
Porosity
R1:RHOB (G/C3)1.95 2.95
R1:NPHI (dec)0.45 -0.15
Sand
Resistivity
R1:IDPH (OHMM)0.2 2000.
R1:MSFL (OHMM)0.2 2000.
SW
SW (Dec)1. 0.
Porosity
PHIT (Dec)0.5 0.
PHIE (Dec)0.5 0.
Lithology
VWCL (Dec)0. 1.
VSILT (Dec)0. 1.
PHIE (Dec)1. 0.
Clay
Silt
Sand
Porosity
AND LEVEL
3040
3045
3050
3055
3060
3065
SH
ALE
1S
AN
D L
EV
EL 1
AND LEVE SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1
Fig. 7Litho-SaturationCross-Plot of PFM-3 Well
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PFM-SE-1Scale : 1 : 240DEPTH (3126.13M - 3155.13M) 13/12/2016 06:05DB : WELL_1 (3)
Depth
DEPTH(M)
Zone
ZO
NA
TIO
N
GR
R1:GR (API)0. 150.
Porosity
R1:RHOB (gm/cc)1.95 2.95
R1:NPHI (dec)0.45 -0.15
Sand
Resistivity
R1:IDPH (ohm.m)0.2 200.
R1:IMPH (ohm.m)0.2 200.
SW
SW (Dec)1. 0.
Porosity
PHIT (Dec)0.5 0.
PHIE (Dec)0.5 0.
Lithology
VWCL (Dec)0. 1.
VSILT (Dec)0. 1.
PHIE (Dec)1. 0.
Clay
Silt
Sand
Porosity
AND LEVEL
3130
3135
3140
3145
3150
3155
SA
ND
LE
VE
L 1
SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1
(Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
Fig. 8Litho-SaturationCross-Plot of PFM-SE-1 Well
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PFSW-5Scale : 1 : 240DEPTH (3528.06M - 3560.06M) 13/12/2016 06:12DB : WELL_1 (5)
Depth
DEPTH(M)
Zone
ZO
NA
TIO
N
GR
R1:GR (GAPI)0. 150.
Porosity
R1:RHOZ (G/C3)1.95 2.95
R1:NPHI (V/V)0.45 -0.15
Sand
Resistivity
R1:RLA5 (OHMM)0.2 2000.
R1:RXOZ (OHMM)0.2 2000.
SW
SW (Dec)1. 0.
Porosity
PHIT (Dec)0.5 0.
PHIE (Dec)0.5 0.
Lithology
VWCL (Dec)0. 1.
VSILT (Dec)0. 1.
PHIE (Dec)1. 0.
Clay
Silt
Sand
Porosity
AND LEVEL 3530
3535
3540
3545
3550
3555
3560
SA
ND
LE
VE
L 1
AND LEVE SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1
(Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
Fig. 9Litho-SaturationCross-Plot of PFM-SW-5 Well
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PFM-11Scale : 1 : 100DEPTH (3717.M - 3726.M) 13/12/2016 06:15DB : WELL_1 (6)
Depth
DEPTH(M)
Zone
ZO
NA
TIO
N
GR
R1:GRMA (GAPI)0. 150.
Porosity
R1:ROBB (G/C3)1.95 2.95
R1:TNPH (dec)0.45 -0.15
Sand
Resistivity
R1:A40H (OHMM)0.2 2000.
R1:A16H (OHMM)0.2 2000.
SW
SW (Dec)1. 0.
Porosity
PHIT (Dec)0.5 0.
PHIE (Dec)0.5 0.
Lithology
R2:VCLAV (Dec)0. 1.
VSILT (Dec)0. 1.
PHIE (Dec)1. 0.
Clay
Silt
Sand
Porosity
AND LEVEL
3720
3725
SA
ND
LE
VE
L 1
AND LEVE SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1
(Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
Fig. 10Litho-SaturationCross-Plot of PFM-11 Well
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(Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
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PFSE5Scale : 1 : 200DEPTH (3436.M - 3464.M) 13/12/2016 06:21DB : WELL_1 (4)
Depth
DEPTH(M)
Zone
ZON
ATION
GammaRay
R2:GR (GAPI)0. 150.
Porosity
R2:TNPH (V/V)0.6 0.
R2:RHOZ (G/C3)1.7 2.7
R2:PEFZ (B/E)0. 20.
Sand
Resistivity
R1:A28H (OHMM)0.2 2000.
R1:A16H (OHMM)0.2 2000.
Saturation
SW (Dec)1. 0.
Porosity
PHIT (Dec)0.5 0.
PHIE (Dec)0.5 0.
BVWSXO (Dec)0.5 0.
Lithology
VWCL (Dec)0. 1.
PHIE (Dec)1. 0.
VSILT (Dec)0. 1.
Clay
Porosity
Silt
SANDSTONE
3440
3445
3450
3455
3460
SAN
D L
EVEL
1
SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1 SAND LEVEL 1
Fig. 11.Litho-SaturationCross-Plot of PPSE-5 Well
(Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1).
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Lateral Variation of Petrophysical ParametersWakar Fm.
Sand Level-1
Four iso-parametric contour maps of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1
were constructed to illustrate the lateral distribution of the
petrophysical parameters in the investigated area figure 12.
As illustrated in figure 12, Effective thickness of Wakar Fm.
Sand Level-1 increases in the Western and South Eastern part
of the study area, Shale volume increases in the South
Western part, Effective porosity and Hydrocarbon saturation
increases in the South Eastern part in the investigated area.
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Effective Thickness(m) Shale Volume (%)
Effective Porosity (%), Hydrocarbon Saturation (%).
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Fig.12 ,Distribution of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1Petrophysical Parameter
SUMMARY , CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
The present study deals with the evaluation of subsurface
geology and hydrocarbon potentialities of the Miocene Wakar
Formation, based on surface borehole geological, quantitative
well-log analysis that was encountered in Six exploratory and
development wells (PFMS-1, PFM-03, PFSE-1, PFM-SE-05,
PFM-SW-05 and PFM-11).
These wells were distributed in the Port Fouad Marin Field in
the eastern part of the offshore Nile Delta area Egypt, The
target obtained in the present study is Wakar formation and
especially Sand Level 1 zone the most productive one.
As a result of evaluating reservoir rock in Port Fouad Field
through Computer Processed Interpretation (CPI), it can be
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concluded that the main reservoirs in the investigated area is
Wakar Formation Sand Level 1.
The net sand (Effective thickness) of Wakar Fm. Sand Level-1
ranges between 0.6 and 6.25 meters and increases in the
Western and South Eastern direction of the study area, Shale
volume ranges between 1 and 15% and increases in the South
Western direction, Effective porosity ranges between 13.7 and
30.5 and increases in the South Eastern direction, and the
hydrocarbon saturation varies between 5.7 and 77.1 % and
increases South Eastern direction in the investigated area.
Based on the output data in this study, it is highly
recommended to drill new wells in South east direction for the
following reasons: Increase in the net sand thickness of Wakar
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Formation, Decrease Shale volume in Side Sand Levels,
Increase in the Effective porosity and Hydrocarbon saturation
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