Quality of Service in Wireless Backhaul Applications with ......CSG1 CSG2 CSG3 Access network BS2 BS3 Backhaul Network New LTE enabled services and consequent traffic growth will overwhelm

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

FTF-NET-F0786

Quality of Service in LTE Wireless Backhaul Applications with VortiQa Software for Service Provider Equipment

June, 2010

Bharat MotaDirector of Engineering, Software Products Division

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2

Other Relevant Sessions

►Suggested Pre-requisites• FTF-NET-F0444: Introduction to QorIQ Data Path Acceleration

Architecture

►Contextual or related information• FTF-NET-F0745: VortiQa Software Products Overview: Benefits,

Functions and Roadmap• FTF-NET-F0446: Data Path Acceleration Architecture (DPAA) Deep

Dive• FTF-NET-F0704: Leveraging the QorIQ Data Path Acceleration

Architecture (DPAA) for Wireless Applications


Agenda

►LTE QoS Concept & Backhaul Requirements

►VortiQa Software & QoS for Service Provider Equipment Overview

►Leveraging QorIQ P4080 QoS Acceleration & VortiQa QoS in LTE Wireless Backhaul

►Q & A


LTE QoS Concept & Backhaul Requirements


LTE - All-IP Evolution with End to End QoS

RNC

Radio intelligence moving to eNodeB

1 2 4

Node B

Multimedia Services

SGSN

Backhaul (TDM/ATM)

RNC bearer mobility

evolves to the SGW

3Backhaul transition

to IP/Ethernet

Backhaul (IP/Ethernet)

MCS voice and SGSN packet

mobility evolves into the SGW

RNC control distributed into the MME/eNB

SGSN control evolves into

the MME

CS Core

5CS and PS

evolve into aunified all-IP

domain

Service and mobile aware all-IP network

MMEPCRF

PDN GWSGWeNB

PS Core

GGSN

Best effort to

e2e QoS

6 7

Internet

TODAY

LTE

e2e QoS► The LTE capacity improvements, e2e QoS and all-IP evolution promises to expand

revenue-generating user experiences via ability to deliver differentiated services cost effectively and meet subscriber demands

• Interactive, multi-user and multimedia mobile services• Mobile commerce• New Machine to machine (M2M) applications, e.g. automatic meter reading (AMR)

► LTE provides for• Higher capacity

and speed• Lower latency• Ability to serve

more users per cell/sector

• End to end QoS

► All-IP evolution provides for

• Network convergence

• More efficient use of network capacity


LTE QoS Components – EPS Bearer & Bearer Types

► Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) vs. non-GBR and Default Bearer vs. Dedicated Bearers

► EPS Bearer Types – Non-GBR Default, GBR Dedicated and Non-GBR Dedicated

► EPS bearer is a logical link uniquely identifying packet flows receiving common QoS treatment (i.e. QoS class) between UE and PDN GW

• Packet flowUnidirectional defined by five-tuple based packet filterPacket filter in UE for uplink traffic and in GW for downlink traffic

• QoS treatment / classScheduling policyQueue management policyRate-shaping policyLink-layer configuration, etc.

► One EPS bearer exists per combination of QoS class and APN (i.e. PDN) of UE

• APN (access point name) is a reference to the PDN to which the UE connects

• UE can have multiple PDN connectivity via APNs, with one IP address per APN

logical links

EPS bearer – e2e QoS


LTE QoS Parameters – QCI, ARP, GBR, MBR, AMBR

► QoS class identifier (QCI) points to user-plane QoS treatment in a node

• Class-based concept where each bearer is assigned one QCI

• Standardized QCI ensures services mapped to given QCI receive same minimum QoS in multi-vendor deployments and in case of roaming

• Standardized QCI characteristics pre-configured as node-specific parameters for each QCI

► Allocation and retention priority (ARP) specifies control plane QoS treatment

• ARP is a priority indicator in order to allow network to reject establishment or modification of new bearers or discard existing ones in cases of limited resources

• After bearer establishment, ARP does not affect routing

► GBR, MBR for GBR bearers

► AMBR, UE and APN, for non-GBR bearers


LTE QoS Mechanism

► In UL, UE creates binding between SDF or SDF aggregate and Radio Bearer (RB), eNB creates a binding between RB and S1 bearer, SGW creates binding between S1 bearer and S5/S8 bearer

► In DL, PDN GW creates binding between SDF or SDF aggregate and S5/S8 bearer, while remaining mappings are as in UL

► Traffic not matching any TFT packet filters are sent to default bearer if it exists, else discarded

► To allow traffic separation in transport network, GW and LTE RAN translate from bearer-level QoS (QCI) to transport level QoS (DSCP)

► Set up is done via a combination of dynamic control-plane signaling procedures and semi-static configuration of QoS functions directly in network nodes through an OA&M system. QCI to DSCP mapping and scheduling functions are examples of static configuration

► A UL and DL Traffic Flow Template (TFT) consisting of one or more packet filters is set up at the PDN GW (and signaled to UE) for each Service Data Flow (SDF) or SDF aggregate for mapping traffic to an EPS bearer for unique QoS treatment (i.e. QCI) and routing


LTE Backhaul – Marrying Traffic Growth and Operator Sharing with QoS Intelligence for Service and Subscriber Differentiation

IP TNL

Mobile AggregationSite Gateway

(MASG)

IP TNL

IP TNL

Aggregationnetwork

BS1

Access Aggregation

Access network

Access Node

Cell SIteGateway

(CSG)

Edge Node

aGWEdge Node

Edge Node

S1/R6

S1/R6

S1/R6

IP TNL

S1/R6

CSG1

CSG2

CSG3Access network

BS2

BS3

Backhaul Network

►New LTE enabled services and consequent traffic growth will overwhelm Mobile Backhaul Networks

►QoS intelligence in LTE backhaul is needed to meet tight SLAs with guaranteed service quality, not to mention guarantees on service reliability and availability

►LTE backhaul sharing amongst operators further increase need for hierarchical QoS intelligence, not to mention the ability to isolate operators via virtual instances

9


LTE Backhaul QoS Requirementsfor Service Delivery, SLA Assurance and Shared Backhaul

► To harness LTE’s high capacity, low latency, efficiency and cost benefits in meeting operator expectations, an optimal set of service delivery and SLA assurance capabilities at cell-sites and aggregation sites will typically include the following:

• High flow count to support service differentiation without increasing port count • L2/L3 classification and hierarchical QoS per flow/service • Shaping and CIR/EIR policing functionalities for intelligent traffic management • Color-sensitive re-marking to ensure metering continuity in color-blind networks, as well as

in color-aware networks with no “discard eligible” support

► These capabilities help providers increase their revenues per Mbps with smart oversubscription and tiered services

10


VortiQa Software & QoS for Service Provider EquipmentOverview


► VortiQa software:a new brand of Freescale software for networking equipment that helpsaccelerate product development and increase the pace of innovation

► Four new VortiQa product lines of production-ready software applications:• VortiQa software for service provider equipment• VortiQa software for enterprise network equipment• VortiQa software for small business gateways• VortiQa software for SOHO/Residential gateways

► A comprehensive solution-centric approach for networking applications in targeted vertical segments:

• Silicon – QorIQ and PowerQUICC communications processors• Software – VortiQa software products• Expanded Ecosystem - hardware, OS, ISVs, system integrators

VortiQa Software – Announced on June 15, 2009

\vór · ti · ka\: A whirlwind of innovation


Software Function Description

Traffic Management and QoS ► Enforce QoS policies on network/application traffic

Mobile Wireless and Backhaul► RAN user plane termination with PDCP► GTP-U data forwarding over SGW-eNB (S1) interface and over eNB-

eNB (X2) interface during handover

Stateful Firewall with NAT► Controlled access to network resources (e.g. ACL)► Network address translation

IPSec VPN► Confidentiality, Authentication and Integrity for traffic between networks► Secure Remote Access

DPI with IDS / IPS and Application Traffic Throttling

► Application detection and throttle lower-priority application traffic (e.g. P2P, IM)

► Detect and prevent intrusions at L4-L7 and application level – Traffic / Protocol Anomaly

Unified Configuration Middleware► Role based management, audit trail and traceability► Modular, well defined interface to element managers

Virtualization► Support multiple virtual instances (virtual routers) per system► Instances mapped to operators / customers

VortiQa Software for Service Provider EquipmentFeature Overview

Presenter

Presentation Notes

.


VortiQa Software for Service Provider EquipmentArchitecture Overview

CP Cores > 1 implies SMP

Some items in memory must be shared between them

* * *

Data Plane Processing Control Plane Processing

e.g. SAD/SPD, Route Tables

Control Functions

Update Tables

Exception processing

Take packet from NI, and read tables (etc) to decide what to do with it or where to send it.

packets

DP Cores

Log

IKE

Management

CLIAPI

CP Cores

NI

Data Path

NI

Control and Data planes may have different views of data

Statistics

► Packets go to DP cores for processing (e.g. QoS) or CP cores for protocol termination► DP cores – low overhead “run-to-completion” model for fast path packet processing► CP cores – ease of use generic OS for control and management path

3rd PartyLWE Linux

API


VortiQa QoS Features & Building Blocks► Shaper Block

• Congestion avoidanceTail dropRED and weighted versions

• Queuing and schedulingStrict priority, weighted groups (WRR, WFQ, DRR)Hierarchical scheduling (multi-level)

• ShapingCIR, CBS, EIR, EBSHierarchical shaping (multi-level)

► Policer Block• Classification

• Layer 2 & Layer 3+VLAN, Ethernet CoS, Mac addresses…Protocol, IP addresses, DSCP, ports…

• Support for sets and ranges• Third-party classifier optionally

• Metering, marking and policing• SR-TCM, TR-TCM with CIR,CBS,

EIR,EBS• Color awareness

MEF QoS Compliant


VortiQa QoS Interfaces

QoS Lookup &

Activation

Policing

Custom

P1

P2

S1

S2

C1

Instances AlgorithmsOrchestration

Flow Cache

CongestionMgmt

Shaping

Scheduling

VortiQa and/or Third Party C

ode

Packet Entry

Packet Exit/Events

Scheduling Events

Policing Instance

Shaping Instance

Custom Instance

P

S

C

QoS Management

QoS System

Packet InPacket Out

► QoS as an optional subsystem

► Flow cache interface• Lookup• Add/modify/delete QoS instances

► Plug-in algorithms• Policing, congestion management,

scheduling, shaping, custom

► Packet and scheduling events• Packet entry, exit• Flow control, schedule events

► Management interface• Policy database• Statistics• Events


Leveraging QorIQ P4080 QoS Acceleration & VortiQa QoS in LTE Wireless Backhaul


VortiQa QoS Functions Mapping To LTE QoS Concepts

VortiQa Function LTE QoS ConceptClassification►Flow identification through packet / source-port inspection

►Bearer TFT classification►Bearer QCI to DSCP mapping►SDF classification

Metering, marking, dropping (policing)►Regulate flows or aggregate flows►Measure flow rates, drop or mark non-conforming packets

►Bearer MBR,UE-AMBR,APN-AMBR policing►SDF policing

Queuing and congestion avoidance►Group flows based on classification, to queues►Handle queue congestion

►Bearer ARP congestion control

Scheduling and shaping►Schedule from queues based on priorities, weights►Shape (rate-limit without dropping) packet flow from queues

►DSCP scheduling / shaping (including Hierarchical)


Uplink

19

Possible VortiQa QoS Functions Mapping To Backhaul Requirements

eNB CSG MASG SGW►Egress QCI to DSCP Mapping►Egress Hierarchical Shaping/Scheduling to conform to Backhaul Provider SLA

- Level 1 Subscriber Interface BW Shaping and VLAN Scheduling

- Level 2 VLAN BW Shaping and DSCP Scheduling

►Ingress Subscriber BW Metering, Policing & Marking►Egress VLAN Scheduling or Hierarchical VLAN/DSCP Scheduling to ensure e2e QoS

►Egress VLAN Scheduling or Hierarchical VLAN/DSCP Scheduling to ensure e2e QoS

►Ingress Subscriber AMBR BW Metering, Policing & Marking►Egress DSCP Scheduling

eNB CSG MASG SGW►Ingress Shaping/Scheduling

- RAB BW Shaping and SDF Scheduling

►Egress VLAN or Hierarchical VLAN/DSCP Scheduling to ensure e2e QoS

►Ingress Subscriber BW Metering, Policing & Marking►Egress VLAN or Hierarchical VLAN/DSCP Scheduling to ensure e2e QoS

►Egress Hierarchical Shaping/Scheduling to conform to Backhaul Provider SLA

- Level 1 Subscriber Interface BW Shaping and VLAN Scheduling

- Level 2 VLAN BW Shaping and DSCP Scheduling

IP TNL

Mobile AggregationSite Gateway

(MASG)

IP TNL

IP TNL

Aggregationnetwork

BS1

Access Aggregation

Access network

Access Node

Cell SIteGateway

(CSG)

Edge Node

aGWEdge Node

Edge Node

S1/R6

S1/R6

S1/R6

IP TNL

S1/R6

CSG1

CSG2

CSG3Access

network

BS2

BS3

Downlink

Ingress/Egress Congestion Avoidance (e.g. Tail Drop, WRED) applicable at all queuing points

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Level 1 VLAN (Traffic Type or PDN Type) BW Shaping and DSCP Scheduling


VortiQa on P4080 QoS Processing Model

► QoS policy per interface/direction• Either software or hardware QoS for a policy• Virtual interfaces supported

► Hardware QoS configured in DPAA

► Multi-function cores• Mobile Transport + Security + QoS

► Dedicated QoS core option• For egress shaping/scheduling

► Fully run to completion QoS model option

• Parallelized token bucket algorithms• Egress shaper/schedulers assigned to specific

cores

► On-demand QoS• Applications may invoke QoS subsystem by

using a conceptual interface-id• Associated QoS policy is enforced

DPAA

H/W QoS

QoS QoS QoSQoS...Mobile Transport & Security


SRIOMessage

UnitDMA

PCIe

18-Lane 5GHz SERDES

PCIe SRIOPCIe

CoreNet™

1024-KbyteFrontsideL3 Cache

64-bitDDR-2 / 3

Memory ControllerP4080E Power Architecture™e500-mc Core

D-Cache I-Cache

128-KbyteBacksideL2 Cache

SRIO

WatchpointCrossTrigger

PerfMonitor

CoreNetTrace

Aurora

Real Time DebugSecurity

4.0

PatternMatchEngine

2.0

Queue Mgr.CA

Buffer Mgr.

eLBIU

M2SB

TestPort/SAP

Frame Manager

1GE 1GE

1GE 1GE10GE

Parse, Classify,Distribute, Police

Buffer

32-Kbyte 32-Kbyte 1024-KbyteFrontsideL3 Cache

P4080E Block Diagram

64-bitDDR-2 / 3

Memory Controller

PAMU

Coherency FabricPAMUPAMUPAMU PAMU

1GE 1GE

1GE 1GE10GE

Parse, Classify,Distribute, Police

Buffer

Frame Manager

Peripheral Access Mgmt Unit

eOpenPIC

Power Mgmt

2x USB 2.0/ULPI

SD/MMC

Clocks/Reset

DUART

2x I 2C

SPI

GPIO

PreBoot Loader

Security MonitorInternal BootROM

CCSR


VortiQa Leveraged P4080 Ingress QoS

► FMan• Layer 2/3/4 parsing• Classification/distribution to FQs

Multiple schemasStatistical, exact matchFlow-order preservation

• PolicingMetering, marking, droppingRFC 2698, 4115

• Offline (Mac-less) ports

► QMan• Frame queues, work queues, channels• Congestion avoidance on FQs

RED/WRED/Tail Drop

• Direct frame queue access• Work queue scheduler

Deficit Round Robin

• Channel schedulerStrict priority + Round RobinPush versus pull


VortiQa Leveraged P4080 Egress QoS

►QMan• Channel per Tx port• Channel scheduler

FQs per work queueFrames per FQ

►FMan• Shaper per Tx port

Token bucket rate limiterBits/sec, frames/secCIR, CBS


VortiQa Leveraged P4080 Hierarchical Shaper / Scheduler Block►Outer hardware

shaper / scheduler if• Scheduling algo is

strict priority, DRR and/or WIRR

• Shaping is on interface

►Otherwise software shaper / scheduler

► Inner shaper / scheduler must be software


3. 3rd party SW uses conceptual interfaces to invoke QoS subsystem multiple times for custom shaping. Each shaper instance hands packets back

4. 3rd party SW invokes QoS subsystem for final shaping 5. Scheduler activated through timer wheel at each level

before finally transmitting packet out

► QoS subsystem► Looks up flow cache to find QoS instance

Holds all required policy params and state► Passes packet to registered algorithm

Policing, queuing, congestion avoidance► Scheduler activated through timer wheel

Each core assigned a set of schedulers► Flow-cache may be custom or shared with VortiQa

VortiQa: session table used as flow-cache

VortiQa on P4080 eNodeB and GW QoS Integration

Use Case: Ingress SW Policing + 3rd Party Multi-Level Shaping

PVQA

VQA

EXT

Q QEXT

EXT

Q

5

QoS SubsystemIngress QoS Egress QoSOn-demand QoS

VortiQa & 3rd Party Processing Flow Cache

Algorithm IdStatic Parameters

Dynamic Parameters(per core)

QoS Instance

Algorithms

VortiQa Dispatcher

schedule

lookup

QMAN

Core

FMAN

32

1

4

► VortiQa & Third Party Software1. VortiQa picks up ingress

packet and sends it to QoS subsystem for ingress policing

2. On return, VortiQa performs IPsec, Mobility etc. processing and hands packet to 3rd party SW


VortiQa on P4080 QoS Summary

► Policing Block• RFC 4115

A differentiated services two-rate, three-color marker• RFC 2698

A two-rate, three-color marker• 256 HW policer profiles; extendable in SW• Classification such as interface, VLAN, CoS, DSCP, 5-tuple, etc..

► Shaping Block• Congestion avoidance on FQs

RED, WRED – 256 HW congestion groups; extendable in SWTail drop – per FQ

• SchedulerChannel scheduler (over seven work queues)

– Strict priority, Weighted Interleaved Round RobinWork queue scheduler

– Modified Deficit Round Robin (across FQs)Additional and custom algorithms in SW

• ShaperEgress port token bucket (CIR/CBS)

► MEF QoS Compliant


Q & A

TM

Documents

Quality of Service in Wireless Backhaul Applications with ......CSG1 CSG2 CSG3 Access network BS2 BS3 Backhaul Network New LTE enabled services and consequent traffic growth will overwhelm