Reading Articles

Fruits of The Rainforest in a Profitable HarvestBy Andrea Walsh

1 D. Making Guaraná: An Age-Old ProcessFor centuries, the residents of Maues, a tree-covered area the size of Belgium tucked into a bend on the Amazon River, have cultivated a bright-red, caffeine-loaded berry called guarana.Locals pick the berries, then slowly toast the seeds in skillets to remove all traces of bitterness.Finally they are ground to a fine powder or pressed into bars, which can later be dissolved in water.2. A. A National Passion Goes Global The fruit’s energy-giving qualities have made it a popular ingredient in energy drinks around the world.Now, though, a new guarana venture demonstrates how smart Brazilian producers are trying to add value at home and sell branded products overseas.

AmBev, the Brazilian beverage company that buys most of the guarana produced in Maués, uses it to make Guarana Antarctica, the top-selling soft drink that is something of a national passion and symbol of national pride like supermodel Gisele and football great Ronaldo.Now AmBev managers aiming to capitalize on the uniquely Brazilian qualities of their drink to win new customers around the world, initially in Spain, Portugal and Japan.

3. F. The Challenges of Going GlobalHowever, the obstacles are tremendous. The global soft drinks industry is dominated by such companies as Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Cadbury Schweppes, which all have huge marketing budgets.

Another challenge lies in the fact that most “energy drink”, with the exception of Austria’s Red Bull, contain guarana. Most of them also contain vitamins and stimulants such as sugar, ginseng, caffeine and taurine, a metabolic compound said to enhance caffeine’s effects, so AmBev is working hard to distinguish its soft drink from the pack by emphasizing its use of traditional guarana from Maués, while for other soft drinks, guarana is only one of many ingredients.4.B. A Secure FutureGoing global may prove difficult, but at least for guarana, there will always be 180 million enthusiastic consumers in Brazil. The nation is already the world’s third largest soft drinks market and its population is growing more rapidly than that of Western Europe. For the inhabitants of Maués, their local specialty will be in high demand in years to come.

Feedback

The first heading is D. o Many students chose Heading C, but there is no history.o A process shows how to do something

Key words: then, finally

Reading Worksheet (TAKE PICTURE AND SEND TO PHILL March 13, 15:00)

A. Go through the article quickly to find this information. Bonus: What kind of reading is this? scanning

Information Your Answers1. Brazil’s top-selling soft drink. Guaraná Antarctica

2. three companies which dominate the global soft-drinks industry.

Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Cadbury Schweppes

3. a famous energy drink which does not contain guarana

Red Bull

4. the population of brazil 180 million

B. Read the article carefully. Then choose from the list below the heading which best summarizes each section. You will only need 4 headings.

a. A National Passion Goes Globalb. A Secure Futurec. Guaraná: some historical backgroundd. Making Guaraná: An Age-old Processe. The Advantages of globalization f. The Challenges of Going Globalg. The Most Popular Fruit in the Worldh. Think Globally, Act Locally

Heading 1: D. Making Guaraná: An Age-old Process

Heading 2: A. A National Passion Goes Global

Heading 3: F. The Challenges of Going Global

Heading 4: B. A Secure Future

Feedback

The first heading is D.

o Many students chose Heading C, but there is no history.o A process shows how to do something

Key words: then, finally

LISTENING WORKSHEET (TAKE PICTURE AND SEND TO PHILL March 13, 15:00)

LISTEN to track 12.1 to do activities A and B.

A. Six people were asked the question ‘What is the best thing you have ever bought? Listen and write the thing he/she mentions.

1 Sharon 2 Marina 3 Mark 4 Nada 5 Fiona 6 Clare

house book bed car wellies play kitchenB. Listen again and answer these questions.

1. Which speaker has lived abroad for a long time? Mark

2. Which speaker is a manager? Marina

3. Which two speakers certainly have children? Sharon and Clare

4. Which two speakers value comfort more than appearance?Nada and Fiona

C. Listen again and answer these questions.

5. Why does Sharon value her purchase?

It offers security and safety. Sharon also has many good memories of the house.

6. What is Marina’s product about?

The book is about people from different religions.

7. In what city did Mark live? (In what country did he live?)

Mark lived in Budapest, Hungary.

8. Why did Nada’s friend suggest she purchase the product?

Nada’s friend suggested that a car would give her a feeling of independence.

9. What are the downsides of Nada’s purchase? (Downsides →disadvantages)

She has become fatter since purchasing her car.

10. Describe the place where Fiona lives.

Fiona lives in a place that rains and snows a lot in the winter.

11. How does Fiona describe herself?

Fiona describes herself as a practical person.

12. Who used to use the product that Clare bought? Who uses it now?

Clare’s toy kitchen was used by her daughter. It is now used by her son.

LISTENING WORKSHEET (TAKE PICTURE AND SEND TO PHILL March 13, 15:00)

LISTEN to track 12.2 to do activities A and B.

A. Listen to a sales manager presenting a product to some buyers. Which of the adjectives below does she use? Place a √ next to each adj you hear.

☑ attractive☐ fashionable☑ stylish☑ robust☑ elegant☑ user-friendly

☑ high-quality☑ well-designed☐ reliable☑ flexible☑ practical

☐ popular

B. Listen again to the presentation. How does the sales manager describe the product? Fill in the missing words and phrases.

1. As you can see, it is attractive and stylish.2. The tower is made of wood.3. Let me tell you its dimensions. 4. It comes in three colors. 5. Its selling price is just under £25.6. It’s ideal for storing CDs and CD-Roms. 7. It has several special features which should appeal to our customers.8. Another advantage is that it’s easy to select the CD you want. 9. The tower is well-designed. It’s robust, elegant, and user-friendly.10. It really does meet the needs of music lovers.

Vocabulary Worksheet (TAKE PICTURE AND SEND TO PHILL March 13 15:00)

A. Check the meanings of the words in the word bank (use a dictionary if you would like). Then, use these words to describe specific products. Explain WHY the adjective is suitable.

Word Bankdurable attractive economical expensive fashionable

reliable comfortable practical popular

Example: Travelers say Samsonite suitcases are durable because they last a long time do not fall apart after many trips.

Feedback

“Attractive” usually describes how something looks. o Books and perfume are cannot be “attractive.”o People and things that can be seen are attractive.

i.e. That house is the oldest, but it is still the most attractive investment in the neighborhood because of its unique design.

i.e. Attractive models are placed on magazine covers because they influence many people to buy them in stores.

‘Economical’ is not the same as “economic.” ‘economical’ describes a thing that is good value for the money

you pay.o My mom’s car gets many miles per gallon of fuel, so it was

the economical choice for my long trip. ‘economic’ describes something to do with the economy

o i.e. The economic effects of the Corona virus are not yet known.

practical: useful for a purpose. o Fiona’s purchase of wellies was very practical because it

always rains where she lives. popular: liked by many people.

o The Twilight book series became the most popular among young teenage girls.

B. Write adjectives with opposite meanings (antonyms) in the table below. Use the prefixes un-, in-, or im-.

1. unattractive

2. uneconomical

3. inexpensive

4. unfashionable

5. unreliable

6. uncomfortable

7. impractical

8. unpopular

C. Complete these sentences with words from the box:

Well high best long hard high

1. IBM manufactures high- tech computer products.

2. Timberland makes a range of hard-wearing footwear.

3. Ferrari produces high-quality sports cars.

4. Coca-Cola and Pepsi both developed best-selling soft drinks.

5. Duracell sells long- lasting alkaline batteries.

6. Levi’s jeans are a well-made clothing product.

Vocabulary Worksheet (TAKE PICTURE AND SEND TO PHILL March 13 15:00)

D. Match the verbs (1-8) to their meanings.

Launch cTest ePromote gManufacture bModify dDiscontinue aDesign fDistribute h

a. To stop makingb. To build or makec. To introduce to the marketd. To change in order to improve e. To try something in order to see how it worksf. To make a plan or drawingg. To increase sales by advertisingh. To supply to shops, companies, customers

E. Put the verbs into a logical order to show the life cycle of a new product.

Logical Order of Verbs (Product Life Cycle)

1. Design2. Test3. Modify4. Manufacture

5. Promote6. Launch7. Distribute8. Discontinue

Feedback

When making an order, use logic.

Manufacture means to make on a large-scale. o This means that thousands of products are made.

Common Mistakes

‘test’ after ‘manufacture.’o Logic

If you make a product before you test, you will make mistakes

If customers buy products that have defects, customers will get angry.

If products have defects, they might be dangerous to customers.

If products are dangerous to customers, the company might have to recall all the products.

If a company recalls all the products, it will be very expensive.

If you test before you make thousands of products, you will not make mistakes.

‘discontinue’ before ‘distribute’o Logic

If you discontinue a product, you stop making it. If you stop making it, you will have very few products

to sell. If you have few products to sell, stores that buy your

product to sell in their stores won’t have enough. If there are not enough products for customers, you

can’t make money ‘Promote’ after ‘discontinue’

o Logic If you promote a product, customers might like it. If customers like it, you might need to make more

products If you have discontinued a product, you cannot make

more of it. ‘Modify’ before ‘test’

o Logic If you don’t test, you won’t know the problems. If you don’t know the problems, you can’t change the

product’s design.

Defect: an imperfection; something wrong with a product.

recall: request all the purchasers of (a certain product) to return it because of a defect.

Grammar Worksheet (TAKE PICTURE AND SEND TO PHILL March 13 15:00)

Make sentences in the passive in the given tense on the next page. Grammar Worksheet (TAKE PICTURE AND SEND TO PHILL March 13

15:00)

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How to make passive voice step-by-stepo 1st : Find the past participle of the main verbo 2nd: add the verb ‘to be’ using the correct tense.

be, am, is are, was, were, been, being if you do not add this verb, the meaning will be

wrongo

Is the verb past, present, or future? Is the verb continuous?

o If ‘yes,’ add ‘being’ Is the verb perfect?

o If ‘yes,’ add an h-word Is the subject singular or plural?

o 3rd: add ‘been’ or ‘being’ to get the right meaning EXAMPLE (BAD): The bridge is repairing at the

moment. Bridges can’t build; people build!

EXAMPLE (GOOD): The bridge is being repaired at the moment.

EVERY passive voice sentence uses the past participle. o The verb you use AFTER the words ‘has,’ ‘have,’ or ‘had’ is

the past participle.

Infinitive (to+ verb) Past (usually -ed) Past Participle (h-word + verb)

to make made madeto speak spoke spokento build built builtto repair repaired repairedto cut cut cutto fix fixed fixedto find found foundto serve served servedto call called calledto hold held heldto close closed closedto write wrote writtento stop stopped stoppedto use used used

Example

The street – close – because of snow (present perfect)

What is the past participle?o closed

Past, present, or future? o Present

Is the verb continuous? o No. (do not write -ing)

Is the verb perfect?o Yes. ‘street have’, ‘street has’, or ‘street had’

‘street’ is not plural, so have is incorrect Verb is not past, so ‘street had’ is incorrect

The street has closed because of snow. o Did the street close, or did somebody close the street?

somebody closed the street! Streets can’t close themselves

FINAL ANSWER

The street has been closed because of snow.