QAtAr's WAter securIty

Special Report A Gulf Intelligence

T h e g u l f i n t e l l i g e n c e . c o m

2016

The Future of

QAtAr’s WAter securItyAligning Academia & Industry up to 2030 and Beyond...

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02 Foreword: the clock is ticking

04 Qatar’s Water security: Our Journey Has Just Begun ByH.E.EssaBinHilalAl-Kuwari,President,Kahramaa

06 Qatar’s 2030 Goals: shifting Gears ByDr.HassanAl-Derham,President,QatarUniversity

08 Government should spearhead Qatar’s Water security? ByDr.AdelSharif,ResearchDirector,QatarEnvironment&EnergyResearchInstitute(QEERI)

10 Government-Industry-Academia: strategies to Bolster Qatar’s Water security? PanelSessionatTheGulfIntelligenceQatarIndustryWaterSecurityForum

14 Produced Water: Five Key recommendations What are the best strategies that the oil and gas industry in Qatar can use to maximize the shared economic value of its produced water?

18 Industry consumption: Five Key recommendations What are the best strategies that Qatar’s industry can use to reduce its wastewater?

22 Desalination: Five Key recommendations What are the most effective and sustainable strategies that Qatar can use to enhance today’s desalination processes?

24 technology: Five Key recommendations How can innovations in water management be incorporated into Qatar’s existing infrastructure at minimal cost and maximum speed?

27 the Gulf Intelligence Qatar Industry Water security Forum GI Industry Survey: Results

28 special report contributors

29 Forum Attendees

“We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.”Thomas Fuller, 1732

cOntents

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t heworldisfastapproachingaglobalwatercrisis.TheUNexpectsa40%globalshortfall

ofwateravailabilityby2030,with650million(m)peoplecurrentlylivingwithoutaccesstocleanwater.Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtoboomfrom7.4billion(bn)todayto9.5bnby2050andtheearth’sclimatepatternsareundeniablyshiftingandputtingmorestrainonfreshwateraccess.

Thelinksthatmatchglobalwaterdemandwithcleanandsustainablesupplyarebrokenandtimeisrunningouttomendthem.Eachcountryandregionoftheworldfacesdifferentdegreesofchallengesandurgency.But,whatiscommontothemallisacriticalimportancetohaveaproactivestrategytomeetfuturedemandgrowth,whilealsobeingpreparedtorespondtoemergencies.

Asidefromourdailypersonaldomesticneeds,areliablewatersupplyisatthecruxofeveryindustry,beitenergy,construction,hospitality...alonglistfollows.Muchoilandgasproductionand98%ofthepowerproducedworldwidereliesonasteadywatersupply.

Qatar’snaturalwaterresourcesareessentiallydepletedandthecountryonlygetsseveninchesofrainperyear.Qatar’sinter-ministerialPermanentPopulationCommitteeestimatesthatresidentsconsume675litresofwaterpercapitaperday–nearlytwicetheaverageconsumptionintheEU.Accordingly,Qatar’sMegaReservoir–oneofthelargestofitskindworldwide–isincreasingthecountry’snational

the clock is ticking By Sean everS Managing Partner, Gulf Intelligence

650million people worldwide live without access to clean water.

waterstoragecapacitytosevendayswithmorereservoirstofollowandKahramaa,thecountry’selectricityandwaterutility,reducedthewatersubsidyinJanuary.Thesubsidycutmarkedanunprecedentedmove,withQatar’sleadershopingitwilltriggerashiftinwaterconsumptionthroughoutthecountry’sindustryandcommunities.

Onaglobalscale,isthefinancebeingfunnelledintoresearchanddevelopment(R&D)leadingtoinnovationsfastenoughtoguaranteetheboomingpopulationby2050canbeprovidedfor?Probablynot.So,whatarethesolutions?Howcanwaterthatisgeneratedwithoilandgasproductionbereusedandrecycledmosteconomically,especiallyagainstabackdropoflowoilprices?Howcanthecostofdesalinationtechnologiesbereducedtomakethemeconomicallysustainableoverthelong-term?WhatcanwiderindustrydotoreducetheirwaterwastageandwhatareasshouldR&Dbefocusedontohavethegreatestimpactatthefastestrate?Timeisticking.

Thoughinevitablymultifaceted,thesolutionmustbeunderpinnedbyaholisticeffort.Industry,academiaandgovernmentmustunitetheireffortstofixtoday’swatercrisis–andquickly.n

On a global scale, is the finance being funnelled into research and development

(R&D) leading to innovations fast enough to guarantee the booming population by 2050 can be provided for? Probably not.”

FOreWOrD

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Kahramaa’s top 5 Initiatives to Better Qatar’s Water security:

1. Continue to build Mega Water Reservoirs.

2. Recharge the underground aquifers in Qatar’s northern and southern fields.

3. Establish bilateral and collective interconnections across the GCC and other countries.

4. Equip the existing underground water reservoirs and wells with solar power to run the pumps during emergencies.

5. Install sensors to monitor radiation at the sea-side entrances of desalination plants.

99.8% 15035%Kahramaa’s water networks

cover 99.8% of Qatar’s water requirements.

Qatar plans to reduce the country’s water consumption

by 35% within five years.

The number of countries where

desalination is used to help meet water

demand.

In Numbers

Qatar’s Water security: Our Journey Has Just Begun

W atersecurityisattheveryheartofQatar’ssurvival.Asidefromourbasichuman

survival,ourgeopoliticalsecurity,economy,industriesandcommunitiesallrelyonaguaranteedandsafewatersupply.Accordingly,betteringQatar’swatersecurityoutlookisoneofthecountry’sthreeKeyChallengesintheNationalVision2030,alongwithenergysecurityandcybersecurity.

ThepressureonQatar’swaterresourceshasgrownsignificantlyoverthelastdecadeandweareatthebeginningofourjourneyofinnovation

efficientwateruseandwaterrecyclingarethemostimportantdriversthatsupportQatar’squestforwatersecurity.KahramaalaunchedTarsheed,theNationalprogrammefortheConservationandEfficientUseofWaterandElectricity,in2012withplanstoreducethecountry’swaterconsumptionby35%withinfiveyears.

andbehaviouralchangetoensurethattomorrow’ssupplyissafe.Ourwaterresourcestodayarebecomingstrainedduetothefactthatweonlygetseveninchesofrainperyearandthecountry’spopulationisgrowing–today’s2.5million(m)residentsareforecasttomultiplyeightfoldby2050.Plus,morewaterisneededforourexpandingagriculturalandindustrialsectors.

WaterdemandinQatarhasgrownbyanannualaverageof10.6%overthetenyears,withlastyear’s535mcubicmetersofwaterconsumptionexpectedtohit900mcubicmetersby2025.If

today’sbusiness-as-usualapproachcontinues,Qatarwillfaceseriousandstructuralthreatstoitseconomicgrowthandnationalsecurityoverthecomingdecades.

Wearenottheonlyonesreaddressingourtraditionalviewsofmanagingourwater.TheWorldEconomicForum’sGlobalRisks2015Reportrankedwaterastheglobalriskwiththegreatestpotentialtoimpacteconomiesandsocietiesoverthenextdecade,whichwillinevitablyforceallcountriestobettertheirwatermanagementstrategies.

Kahramaa,whosewaternetworkscover99.8%ofQatar’swatersupply,ensuresthateverybodyhasaccesstocleanwater.Waterconservation,

Kahramaahasalsoreducedthenumberofleaksinitswaternetworktobelow5%,whilethelevelofnon-revenuewaterlosses–waterthathasbeen‘lost’inthedistributionnetworkbeforereachingcustomers–havefallentoaround19%.Wearetargeting10%by2018.

WaterrecyclingandreusehavealsoundeniablyclimbedhigherontheagendaofQatar’swater-relatedstakeholders,includingtheMinistryofMunicipality&Environmentandthepublicworksauthority,Ashghal.Now,treatedsewageandindustrialwaterareusedforgardenirrigation,landscaping,constructionworksanddistrictcoolingservices.

Desalinationplantshaveevolvedrapidlyoverthelasttwodecadesandapproximately150countriesnowusesuchtechnologiestohelpmeettheirfreshwaterrequirements.InQatar,waterfromdesalinationfeeds99%ofmunicipaldemand.

ThesuccessofQatar’sdesalinationtechnologyhighlightstheimportanceofinvestinghumanandfinancialcapitalintowater-relatedresearchanddevelopment(R&D).Sucheffortswillbeintegraltodevelopingefficienttechnologiesandscalableinfrastructuretomeetwaterdemandupto2030,aswellasensuringwecopewellwithanynaturaldisasters.

OurR&DteamhasbuiltstrongandcooperativerelationshipswithsimilarteamsinQatar–aunifiedeffortistheonlywaywecanallsucceed.WemustcollectivelyimproveQatar’swatersecuritybyfindingsolutionsthatnavigatethelogisticalandculturalbarriersthatstandinourway.n

The World Economic Forum’s Global Risks 2015 Report ranked water as the global risk

with the greatest potential to impact economies and societies over the next decade.”

Key Macro-steps to Improving Qatar’s Water security:

1. Use R&D to align Kahramaa’s objectives with those in industry, including utilities.

2. Encourage and adopt new technologies in water production, transmission, distribution and consumption.

3. Increase the level of man-made and natural water storage capacity.

4. Encourage and support the use of treated and recycled water in industries, landscape and construction works.

5. Support and incentivize water conservation and efficient water use throughout Qatar.

By H.e. eSSa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari President, Kahramaa


Qatar’s 2030 Goals: sHIFtInG GeArs‘change’isasimpleword,buttoachieveittakes

considerablefinancialandhumancapital.Overthelasttenyears,Qatar’sbrightestminds

havebeendedicatedtosuccessfullydesigningandbuildingthecountry’sresearchanddevelopment(R&D)ecosystemacrossmultipleplatforms.

Qatar’ssweepingremittoboostitsR&Dhasbeensharplyfocusedonmeetingthecountry’sthreeKeyChallenges,asoutlinedbyQatar’sNationalVision2030:energysecurity,cybersecurityandwatersecurity.

Afteraverysuccessfuldecadeandwith2030rapidlyapproaching,Qatarmustchangegear.QatarmustfocusoncollectingpreciseresultsfromallourR&DstudiesunderthethreeKeyChallengestogeneratefreshintelligencethatenablesustoprogressatafasterrate.

ThesmallsizeofQatarcouldbeaweakness,asthecountry’spopulationof2.5million(m)peoplecouldtranslateintoalackofhumanresources.Equally,beingasmallcountryhasenabledQatartoaccelerateitsprogressandinnovatefasterthansomeothers.Insteadofachievingourtargetsovera25yearperiod,wewereabletoachieveourgoalsintenyears,forexample.Smallisgood,especiallyifwehaveaglobalvisionandifweinteractwithothersbothregionallyandgloballytobuildastrongandmultifacetednetwork.

ButQatar’sthreeKeyChallengeswillnotsucceedwithoutaclearalliancebetweenitsindustryandacademia.Gapsinthisrelationshipcouldhavesignificantandnegativeconsequencesastheyearsrollonandifnotaddressed,Qatar’sprogresswillnotaccelerateasquicklyasweneeditto.

IndustryshouldbereadytohelpacademiapropeltheirlearningandresearchcapabilitiesandensurethatithasthetoolsitneedstofacilitateworldclassR&D.Thisincludesinvestinginnewlaboratories,orparticularresearchprojectswherecompaniescanalsocontributetheirpracticalon-siteexpertiseandknowledge.Bettercommunicatingthetypeoftalentpoolthatindustryexpectstoneedoverthecomingdecadeswouldalsohelpacademiapreparetoday’scurriculumtocreatetomorrow’sprofessionals.

Equally,Qatar’sacademiacannotdoresearchpurelyforthesakeofresearch.EffortshavetobefocusedinordertodeliverresultsthatareusefultotheindustryandtoQatar’seconomyasawhole.

Itmustbeaholisticandorganizedeffort.Platformswhereindustryandacademiacancommunicateareessentialtoensurethateachsideismovinginasimilardirection.ClearerprocesseswouldalsoboostQatar’sabilitytodoappliedresearch–researchthatanswersaspecificquestion–whichcanleadtoinnovativetechnologiesintheenergy,cyberandwatersectors.CommercializingandexportingtheseinnovationsisanothertickinQatar’sboxtobecomeaknowledge-basedeconomyby2030.

Aknowledge-basedeconomymeansmovingawayfromadependenceonoilandgasrevenuesandinstead,focusingonelevatingtheintellectandexpertiseofnationalsinQatar.

TheeconomicimpactofloweroilpricesonbudgetsshouldnotbeallowedtocurbR&DassociatedwithQatar’sthreeKeyChallenges.Alargemajority(86%)ofrespondentstoaGulfIntelligenceIndustrySurveyinAprilsaidthatcontinuingsuchinvestmentsisanabsolutemust-have.Maintainingthismomentumisespeciallyimportantas42%ofrespondentssaidthatQatar’smanagementofitsthreeKeyChallengesisnoturgentenough.

Qatar’spushforaknowledge-basedeconomyisattheheartofitsenergy,cyberandwatersecuritytargets.Itissomethingthatisoftenspokenabout,buttoactuallyshiftthemissionstatementofacountry’seconomyandcultureisagreatundertaking.

Buildinglaboratories,establishingresearchprogrammesandwideningthecountry’sPhDofferingisnotenough.

Wealsoneedtoadjustthewaywethink.ThebrightestyoungmindsinQatarneedtothinkcriticallyandtoseeaproblemwithfresheyes.Fuellingthespiritofinnovationthroughoutthecountry’syouthisimperative.Thisishowchangebeginsandwithoutaunitedeffortbetweenindustryandacademia,Qatar’sgoalswillfalter.n

By Dr. HaSSan al-DerHam President, Qatar University

The brightest young minds in Qatar need

to think critically and to see a problem with fresh eyes. Fuelling the spirit of innovation throughout the country’s youth is imperative.”


Government should sPeArHeAD Qatar’s Water security?

By Dr. ADEL SHARIF Research Director, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)Q atar’sgovernmentiscriticalto

establishingclearmandatesbyencouragingtheinteraction

ofthecountry’sentitiesinordertoimprovetoday’sstrainedwatersecurityoutlook.Anisolatedapproachrarelyworksandwhilethesupportandcooperationofindustryandacademiaarevital,itisthegovernmentthatoutlinesthecountry’svisionandobjectives.

Thegovernmenthastheauthorityandcapacitytoencourageexecutives

–placingmoreofanemphasisonthecountry’sintellectualassets,ratherthanhydrocarbons.

IfwewanttoreplicatethesuccessstorythatIhadintheUKinQatar,thecountryisrequiredtotakeideasthataregeneratedinlaboratoriestoindustry.Forthistobecomeareality,thegovernmentinQatarmustprovideclearguidelinesthatempowerpeoplethroughoutthecountrytorealizetheirpotential.

AllofusinQatar–government,industryandacademia–needtobeconcisewhenspeakingaboutwhoisbesttoleadthepushtoimprovethecountry’swatersecuritychallenge.IfthequestioniswhetherQatarshouldputeverythingthatrelatestowaterunderagovernment-ledumbrella,thentheanswerisclearlyno.Ifwearetalkingaboutputtingeverythingthatspecificallyrelatestothenationalpriorityofimprovingwatersecurityupto2030andbeyond,thentheanswerisyes.

Qatardoesnothaveasignificantlocalindustry,withmanycompaniesactingasserviceproviders.

Subsequently,thecountrydoesnothavethelocalcapabilityandfacilitiestoindependentlyleadanationalefforttospurtechnologicalandlegislativeinnovations.Equally,governmentalsupportisintegralinhelpingresearchersconjureconceptsinthelaboratorybeforeturningthemintoaninnovationthatactivelysupportsQatar’swatersecurity.

MuchprogresshasalreadybeenmadeinQatar,includingtheongoingsuccessofKahramaa’sTarsheedprogramme,whichistheNationalCampaignfortheConservationandEfficientUseofWaterandElectricity.Tarsheedplanstoreducethecountry’swaterconsumptionby35%within5years.Ifachieved,thistighttargetwouldhelpestablishaglobalbenchmarkandsupportQatar’spushtobecomeaknowledge-basedeconomyby2030.

Government,industryandacademiaareequallycrucialpiecesofthejigsawthatQatarmustfinishtoensurethecountry’swatersecurityupto2030andbeyond.Whilegovernmentshouldspearheadanewwaterculture,allthreemustfulfiltheirobligations–theclockisticking.n

Government-led action is vital to allow novel ideas on paper to be actualized

as innovations in the field.”

of2.5misexpectedtorisebyeightfoldby2050,whichwillputadditionalpressureonthecountry’sstrainedwaterresources.

Government-ledactionisvitalinnotonlyopeningthedoorforinnovation,butalsoinsettingupasupportivenetworkthatallowsnovelideasonpapertobeactualizedasinnovationsinthefield.

Forinstance,IwasabletobringabusinesstothemarketattheCentreforOsmosisResearchandApplications(CORA)attheUniversityofSurreyintheUK,astheuniversitiestherehaveasystemthatemphasizesthepositiveimpactofresearch.Myideawassupportedbytheuniversitybecauseitwasinlinewiththegovernment’smandate.ThesupportforwaterresearchandsubsequentinnovationscouldimproveQatar’swatermanagementandwillalsogaintractionasthegovernmentdeepensitspushtobuildaknowledge-basedeconomy

andinstitutionswithinindustryandacademiatoworktogether.Today’scommunicationbetweenthetwocanbelimitedandthatgapmustbebridgedforQatartohititsNationalVision2030goals–thetimetocreateacohesive

networkisrunningshort.ThedemandforwaterinQatarisexpectedtoriseby1.6xfromthe535million(m)cubicmeterslastyearto902mcubicmetersby2025,whichisastaggeringrateofgrowthinjustadecade.Thepopulation

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Government-Industry-AcademiastrAteGIes tO BOlster QAtAr’s WAter securIty?

It is like a triangle; one corner is education

and awareness, one corner is implementing rules and regulations and the third corner is the price of water.” H.E. Essa Bin Hilal Al-Kuwari, President, Kahramaa

Panel Session at The Gulf Intelligence Qatar Industry Water Security Forum in Doha

• H.E. Essa Bin Hilal Al-Kuwari, President, Kahramaa• Prof. Mariam A. Al-Maadeed, Vice President for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University• Dr. Adel Sharif, Research Director, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)• Dr. Simon Judd, Maersk Oil Professorial Chair, Gas Processing Centre, Qatar University• Ms. Sara Al-Said, Reservoir Engineer, Occidental Petroleum• Moderator: Sean Evers, Managing Partner, Gulf Intelligence

Sean Evers: Your Excellency, is it fair to say that Qatar’s leadership have ramped up their efforts to improve water security?

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari: Yes,thereisacommitmentfromthegovernmenttoreducetheconsumptionofwaterandelectricityaspartofQatar’sNationalVision2030.Thisistheonlywaytomakewaterresourcessustainableforthenextgeneration.WeareworkingwiththegovernmentonmanycampaignstochangethehabitsofthepeopleinQatar.Wearestartingonhowbesttoeducateyoungstersatschooltousewaterefficiently.Thiseffortcontinuesthroughtoyoungadultsandtheoldergeneration.Wewillalsoforcepeopletoimprovethewaytheyusewaterbyputtingrulesandregulationsinplaceandthenthereisthepriceitself.

Itislikeatriangle;onecorneriseducationandawareness,onecornerisimplementingrulesandregulationsandthethirdcorneristhepriceofwater.Wehavesucceededonallthreepointssofarandwewillcontinuetofocusonincreasingthecountry’sawareness.

Sean Evers: How quickly can Qatar move from having practically free water and power to selling it at full market value?

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari:Everybodyispayingbills,exceptQatarisintheirownresidences.Thesubsidiesdonotonlyapplytoelectricityandwater.Thereisafullregimethroughouttheeducation

andhealthsectortoo,forexample.Itisacompletepackage.ThegovernmentwilldecideonedayhowtochangethesubsidiesandwhatpercentageshouldbeadjustedbasedonthesituationinQatar.

Sean Evers: How much of Qatar’s future demand do you expect to be affected by the need for conservation?

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari:OurtargetundertheTarsheedprogrammeistoreduceQatar’selectricityconsumptionby20%and35%forwaterconsumption.Wecanexceedthesetargetsbyputtinginmoreeffortandimplementingmorerulesandregulations.

Sean Evers: How much work needs to be done to improve the alignment between industry, academia and government?

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H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari: Thealignmenthasstarted,butithasnotreachedthelevelthatweareaimingfor.Today,muchoftheburdenrestsonthegovernmentandIthinkweneedtocollaboratemorewithindustryandacademiatocomeupwithsolutions.

Sean Evers: Dr. Mariam, 78% of respondents to a Gulf Intelligence (GI) Industry Survey said Qatar’s government must take the lead in bettering the country’s water scarcity problems. What is your view?

Prof. mariam: Governmentisveryimportant,butacademiacanalsothinkoutsideofthebox.Iwouldliketoinvolvemorestudents,researchersandpeoplefromtheindustryandgovernmentinthismovement,butacademiashouldleadthisinitiative.

Sean Evers: Your Excellency, what is your view?

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari:Ithinkweshouldputalltheeffortsfromtheindustryandacademiaundertheumbrellaofgovernment,butwearealsolookingforindustryandacademiatotakemoreresponsibility.

Dr. Simon Judd:ThebalanceismovingtowardsindustryinQatar,astheyaretheoneswiththemostvestedinterestsifyouaretalkingintermsofUSdollarsigns.Manyoftheinnovations–puttingideasintopractice,notjustonpaper–areprovidedthroughanindustrialpushatsomestage.Mostoftheactivitydrivingthischangewillcomefromindustry,astheyaretheoneswiththemosttogain.

Sean Evers: 78% is a very big majority. Is there a risk to depending too heavily on government leadership?

Dr. Simon Judd: Thatisadifficultone.Thegovernmentessentiallysetstherules,buttheonusisonindustryintermsofdevelopingsolutions.Industry’seffortsmustbeincollaborationwithacademiaandthegovernment.

Sean Evers:Sara, do you expect that 78% to change during your career?

Sara al-Said: Thegovernmentshouldbetheumbrellaleadingtheeffort,butweshouldnotneglecttheeffortsmadebyindustryandacademia.Academiahasmanyideasandcollaborationwithindustrywouldarriveatsolutions,butcommunicationbetweenthetwoisnothandledwell.Inindustry,thedataconfidentialitymaybekeepingacademiaatadistance.Also,Istronglyrecommendthatacademiaoffercoursesinprimary

schoolstomakesurethattheconceptofwatersecurityisinyoungsters’minds.Whentheygetolder,theywillbelieveintheneedtopreservewaterandcantakeaction.

Prof. mariam: Academiaconsistsoftwoparts–researchandtheteaching–andbothcancontributetoQatar’simportantinitiative.Improvingscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics(STEM)skillsandimprovingtheawarenessofwatersecurityareveryimportant.QatarUniversityisdoingthisverywell.Wehavedifferentresearchprogrammesthatfocusonnanotechnology,membranesandgasprocessing,forexample.Manytopicsrelatetowater,especiallyinscienceandengineering.

Sean Evers: 48% of respondents to a GI Industry Survey said that Qatar would benefit from consolidating all of its in-country water research under a single umbrella, with the resulting intellectual property (IP) shared by all. What are your thoughts, Your Excellency?

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari: Eachcountryandregionhavetheirownchallengesandyoucannot

haveoneentityservealltheirneeds.InQatar,Ithinkitwouldbebettertohavethecountry’seffortsunderoneumbrella.HavingalaboratorythatrepresentstheGCCcountrieswithsimilarchallengesmayreducethecostofR&D,butIdonotthinkthiswouldworkonagloballevel.

Dr. Simon Judd: Icannotthinkoftheadvantageofhavingadisaggregatedapproachanditmakessensetopursueanykindofefficiency.

Dr. adel Sharif:Therearetwoareashere.Oneisthenationalpriority,whichisthewatersecurityasperthegovernment’sNationalVision2030.Thisneedstobeunderasingleumbrellaandrequiresaconsolidatedeffortthatincludesgovernment,industryandacademia.

Audience Member #1: Do you have any research in place to measure the impact of climate change on Qatar and what research we can do, or technologies we can introduce to prepare for any changes?

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari: ClimatechangemaybeagoodthingforQatar,asitmeanswemayhavemorerain.Wedonotknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture,butourcolleaguesaremanagingtheclimatechangeagenda.

Prof. mariam: Wehaveverygoodresearchcentersdealingwiththeseareas.IwouldliketoinviteyoutovisittheEnvironmentalStudiesCenterandtheSustainableEnergyCenter,whichhavegoodpublicationsandreports.

Audience Member #2: Consolidating all the country’s efforts under one umbrella is dangerous – it goes against innovation and allowing different schools of thought to come together. It would take a lot of entities out of the equation and sharing IP will put the industry off, as that is how they become competitive. We should allow for market competition, while having good collaboration between all the entities.

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari: Itotallyagree.Iamnotforcentralization,butaligningeffortswouldbeagoodsolution.

Audience Member #3: The oil companies in Qatar, especially Qatar Petroleum, have huge data systems that can be used effectively for this purpose. The government should step in and facilitate the communication between academia and industry to share information and data.

Sara al-Said: Yes,thereshouldbeadatabank,orsomethingtofacilitatecommunicationbetweenacademiaandindustry.Thisisveryimportant.

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari:WearebuildingadatabanktoholdallofQatar’sinformationonwaterresources.Itisbeingbuiltandeverybodywillbeabletoaccessitsoon.

Audience Member #4: There needs to be more visibility on where the improvements in Qatar’s water security can be made, so that industry and academia can focus their efforts to create the most impact. This visibility is owned by Kahramaa, which has all the various information on Qatar’s consumption levels, for example. We cannot improve what is not measured.

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari:Everybodyprovidingtheirowndataontheirwaterandelectricityconsumptionisanewinitiativeinourcampaigntoincreasenationalawareness.Everymonth,wewillsendmessagestoeverybodyinQatartoshowthemtheirlevelofconsumption,aswellasshowingthemwhethertheirconsumptionisabovethenationalaverage.Thisway,peoplecanstarttounderstandhowmuchtheyareconsuming.

Sean Evers:Your Excellency, you have the floor for any final thoughts.

H.e. essa Bin Hilal al-Kuwari: Qatar’swatersupplyissecureandIwantpeopletoberelaxedandenjoytheirlives.Wehavestrategiestomanageanyscenario,includingdisasters.Theyareinsafehands.n

The balance is moving towards industry in Qatar, as they are the

ones with the most vested interests if you are talking in terms of US dollar signs.”Dr. Simon Judd, Maersk Oil Professorial Chair, Gas Processing Centre, Qatar University

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Oilandgasoperationsusuallygeneratesignificantquantitiesofwaterfromreservoirs–globally,

theaverageratioisthreebarrelsofproducedwaterforonebarrelofoil.Water-strainedQatarfacesatrickyoutlook,asitistheworld’slargestliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)exporterandalsoproduces680,000barrelsaday(b/d)ofoil.Qatar’sproducedwateriseithertreatedandthenre-injectedintoareservoirtohelpsustainthepressure,oritisdirectedtoadisposalwell.Theeconomicincentivesforoilandgascompanieshavetoimprovesothatproducedwaterisnearlyalwaysreused,orrecycled.

Thereisanurgentneedtoestablishstandardtreatmentproceduresofproducedwater,butsucheffortshavenotgainedtractioninQatar.Industryandwaterexpertsarguethatthegovernmenthasnotdefinedfirmguidelinesforqualitystandardsandthatthereislittlecontextintermsofinternationalbestpractice.

ProducedwaterisapotentiallyvaluablesourceofwaterandcouldprovehighlyusefulforQatar’sbidtoimproveitslong-termwatersecurity,aspertheNationalVision2030.Theeconomicargumentforreusing,orrecyclingproducedwatercanbejustifiediflowcosttreatmentplantsandtechnologiesareappliedtotheprocess.But,treating

What are the best strategies that the oil and gas industry in Qatar can use to maximize the shared economic value of its produced water?

Produced Water

producedwaterusingtoday’smeasuresisexpensive,asproducedwatertendstobeapoorerqualitythanseawater–whichisusedfordesalination–andrequiresadvancedtreatment.Theprocessismademorecomplicatedbythefactthatthereareonlytailormadesolutionsfortreatingproducedwater–thequalitydiffersineveryfield–andthereisafurtherdistinctionbetweenthetreatmentsofgasassociatedwaterandwaterproducedduringoilproduction.ThismeansQatarmustexploremultiplesolutions,whichhasbothcostandhumancapitalimplications.

Qataraimstoreducearound30%ofitstotalproducedwateroverthemedium-term,whichisaconsiderablegoalgiventheaforementionedratioof3:1.Qatarhasawindowofopportunitytoplaceitsresearchanddevelopment(R&D)teamsandindustryattheforefrontoftheglobalwaveofwaterinnovationbyleveragingthecountry’sstrongacademicbaseandindustrialinfrastructure.

Exportingknowledgeonhowbesttorecycleandreuseproducedwaterinacost-efficientmanner,especiallyagainstthebackdropoflowoilprices,willelevateDoha’sintellectualprofileandsupportitsgoaltobothimproveitswatersecurityandbecomeaknowledge-basedeconomyby2030.

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3:1The average ratio globally is

three barrels of produced water for one barrel of oil.

In Numbers

H2OH2OH2O Oil

Source: Gulf Intelligence Industry Survey

Produced water is a by-product of oil and gas production. Globally, roughly three barrels of water are produced with every barrel of oil. Should regional energy producers consider this resource as an:

70% 30%Asset liability


Produced water from wetlands tends to be high quality and has useful downstream

applications for industry and agriculture.”

ofproducedwaterwouldbehighlyvaluableandsavecostsoverthelong-term.Thisprocesswouldhavemultiplebenefits,includingpioneeringalow-costtreatmentofwhatiseffectivelyawasteproduct.Itwouldalsoelevateoilandgascompanies’environmentalethos–importantasthelegalitiessurroundingtheirenvironmentalimpactgaintraction–andhelpdecreaseglobalwarmingbyincreasingtheworld’sgrassandplantpopulations.

tighten treatment standards Thegovernmentneedstoprovide

guidanceonthequalitystandardsthatmustbeappliedtothetreatmentandmanagementofQatar’sproducedwater,especiallyintermsoflocallegislationandinternationalbestpractice.Thestandardsofproducedwatertreatmentsshouldmeetthequalitystandardsofthefinalobjective.Forexample,treatedproducedwaterusedforindustrialpurposeswillencounterdifferentqualitystandardsthanproducedwaterallocatedforenvironmentaldischarge,orirrigation.ClarifyingthecorrelationbetweentheuntreatedproducedwateranditsfinalusewillhelpR&Dteams

andenergycompaniespindownthetreatmenttechnologiestheyrequire.Streamliningthiscorrelationhasthepotentialtoreducethelevelofwaterandeconomicwaste.

ThereisasurplusofproducedwaterinQatarandhugevolumesareearmarkedforenvironmentaldischarge.Usinglowcostandmoreextensiveproducedwatertreatments,suchasphytoremediationandwetlandengineering,willencouragethenaturalbiodegradationofhydrocarboncontaminantsintheproducedwater.Plus,thetreatedproducedwaterfromsuchwetlandstendstobeahighqualityandhasusefuldownstreamapplicationsforindustryandagriculture.

TreatmentsystemsthatincludecreatingartificialwetlandsalsohavethebenefitofenhancingecologicalbiodiversityinQatar,wheresuchhabitatshavebeenradicallyimpoverishedinrecentyears.Qatar’sacademia,suchastheEnvironmentalScienceCenteratQatarUniversity,iswell-placedtoexplorethisinnovativeandenvironmentallyfriendlyroutealongsidetheoilandgasindustry.

explore Innovative re-injection Processes

R&Dteamscanfocusmorestronglyonimprovingtoday’sproducedwaterre-injectionprocessesatoilreservoirstoreduceanylossofinjectivity.Re-injectioncantakeplaceeitherintheproducingreservoir,whichisthepreferredconfiguration,orindisposalwellsinanon-producingreservoir.Inbothcases,itisimportanttohavethetechnologiesthatareabletotreatthewateratrequiredspecificationstoavoidlossofinjectivityandultimately,keepcostslow.R&Dteamscaneitherdevelopsolutionswithinnovativetechnologies,oroptimizeexistingtechnologies.

Total,forexample,hasdevelopedandvalidatedFlextechnologythroughanindustrialpilot,whichaimstoreducethecostofproducedwaterre-injectionforpressuremaintenance.Itisbasedonceramicmembranesandallowsthetreatmentofbothseawaterandproducedwater.Inthiscase,auniqueplantreplacestwospecificplantsandcutscostsandboostsefficiency.Re-injectingproducedwaterintoanoilreservoircanalsobeusedforchemical-enhancedoilrecovery(EOR)bymixingitwithamodifiedioniccomposition,orwithevenmoresophisticatedEORprocesses.EORisincreasinglyneededinQatarandthewiderGulf–Oman,KuwaitandtheUAE,forexample–toenhancetheperformanceofmaturingoilfields.

Investigate Desalination Applications

AgreateremphasisonR&Dalsositsattheheartofthere-processingofproducedwaterthroughdesalination,whichcanensurethewaterissuitableforindustrialandirrigationuse,forexample.Technologicalinnovations,ortheuseofcrossovertechnologies–toolsusedinotherindustriesthatcanbeadaptedtoenhancewatermanagementstrategies–arekey.Today’sdesalinationtechnologies,whichfocusonaseparationprocessusedtoreducethedissolvedsaltcontentofsalinewatertoausablelevel,arelargelyinapplicabletoproducedwater.Forexample,the

salinityinproducedwaterisoftentoohighforreverseosmosis,whichisatechnologythatremovesalargemajorityofcontaminantsfromwaterbypushingthewaterunderpressurethroughasemi-permeablemembrane.Apromisingnewtechnologythatcouldbeappliedtodesalinatingproducedwaterisforwardosmosis–potentiallyamoreenergyefficientroute.

support the emerging Biofuels Market

ThetreatmentofproducedwatercanbecostlyandgreaterR&Deffortsshouldbefocusedonhowtherawmaterialofproducedwatercanbeusedforeconomicbenefit.Reducingtheassociatedcostswithtreatedproducedwaterwillalsohelpincentivizetheoilandgasindustrytoproactivelyfinddisposalsolutions.Onesuchexampleistheproductionofbiofuelusinggrassesandplantsthatareabletotoleratetheirrigationofproducingwaterdirectly,oratleastafterarelativelyfewlow-costtreatmentsteps.

R&Dintoidentifyingandthenscreeningthegrassesandplantsthataremostabletosurvivetheirrigation

establish a national Management Framework

Thereislittleargumentthatproducedwaterisaproblemfortheoilandgasindustry,asignificantenvironmentalthreatandaregulatorychallenge.Cost-effectiveandenvironmentally-soundstrategiesandtechnologiescantransformQatar’sproducedwaterintoavaluableasset.But,thereisonevitalingredient–anationwideframeworktomanageproducedwater.

Theobjectiveofthisframeworkwouldbetoidentify,quantify,evaluateandassessboththechallengesandopportunitiesposedbythemanagementofproducedwaterinaridQatar.Theintegratedapproachwouldalsoconsiderthelargevolumeofproducedwatergeneratedbythegas-to-liquids(GTL)industry.

Theframeworkcouldincludethe

characterizationandclassificationofproducedwaterindifferentcategoriesoftreatabilityanditwouldidentifythequantityofproducedwaterfromoil,gasandGTLindustries.Theevaluationandassessmentofthepotentialenvironmentalimpactofproducedwaterwouldbeincorporatedintonewregulations.Therewouldalsobeacomprehensiveassessmentofexistingandemergingtreatmenttechnologiesandintegratedandhybridconfigurationstotreatproducedwater.Theframeworkwouldbringproducedwatercollectionandtreatmentfacilitiesunderwatersharingagreementsandtheestablishmentofabeneficialreusematrix,whichconsidersboththenaturalandengineeredconveyancesystems,waterqualitiesandagriculturalapplication.n

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18 19Thegulfintelligence.comSpecial Report18 special report

thewayQatar’sindustriesviewwaterconsumptionisundergoingaparadigmshiftandthespotlight

isincreasinglyfocusedonseekingoutcost-effectivestrategiestoreducewastewaterandrampupthepercentageofrecycledandreusedwater.Energy,agriculture,hospitalityandconstructionarejustafewofthesectorsthatmustembracechangeandadjustmentsareneededacrossthespectrum,fromrethinkingendlesslyflowingfountainsathotelstobetterconservingwaterinthecountry’smajormaterialindustries.

Qatar’sgroundwateraquiferreceiveslessthan40million(m)m3peryearasnaturalrecharge,butaround220mm3peryearistakenout–theimbalancemakestheneedforchangeobvious.Smallchangeslikeswitchingfroma2.5gallonsperminute(GPM)showerheadtoa1.5GPMcouldsaveupto10gallonsofwaterintenminutes.

TheriseofindustrialwaterdemandappearstobeunstoppableasQatar’spopulationof2.5mgrowsalongsidethecountry’sexpandingindustry.Theprimeconcernamongstindustryandwaterexpertsisthatthereappearstobealackofdirection,oreveninterventionfromthegovernmentonhowtotacklethecountry’swaterscarcity.

Qatarisinurgentneedofanintegratedandholisticindustrialwaterpolicy,whichcollectivelyconsidersthecountry’swatercycleandindustries’mandatestoensurethatimprovementsareadoptedinanenvironmentallyandeconomically

What are the best strategies that Qatar’s industry can use to reduce its wastewater?

Industry consumption

friendlyway.Thereislittlevalueinimprovingthesupply-demandwaterbalanceifindustriesthatarevitaltothecountry’sGDPsufferfinancially.

Theestablishmentofaclearerregulatoryframeworkbythegovernment–anewrulebook,essentially–wouldgiveindustrymuch-neededguidance.Suchastructurewouldbeahealthymixofatop-downandbottom-upapproachandensurethatallplayersareaccountablefortheirwaterconsumption.IndustryandwaterexpertsinQatarmakeanimportantdistinctionbetweenthegovernmentprovidingdirectionandcontrollingwaterconsumption–thelatterisnotaspopular.

Industriesalsoneedtorampuptheamountofgreywater–usedwaterwithoutfecalcontamination–andblackwater–waterusedintoilets,forexample–byencouragingcollectionpointsattheiroffices,orbuildingsites.Somecompaniesarealreadydoingthis,butmanymoremustjointhetabletoensurethatQatar’sindustriesarecollectivelymovingdownasustainablepathway.

Preservingthecountry’senvironmentalintegrityalsoremainsapriorityamongstindustry,withmanyexpertssupportingtheneedtoconductenvironmentalimpactassessmentsonavailablewatersuppliesandcontaminationbeforecommencingconstruction.

By Nicholas CarterDirector – Middle East, Baringa Partners

18 special report

There is little value in improving the supply-

demand water balance if industries that are vital to the country’s GDP suffer financially.” 10

Switching from a 2.5 gallons per minute (GPM) shower head in

offices and hotels, for example, to a 1.5GPM could save 10G in

ten minutes.

220Qatar’s groundwater aquifer

receives less than 40m m3/yr, yet around 220m m3/yr is taken out

– a worrying imbalance.

In Numbers


environmentallyfriendlypoliciesandtechnologies–renewableenergy,forexample–thatencourageasustainablewatersupply.Italsoincludesimplementingbestpractices,pluggingknowledgegapsthroughR&Dandintroducingevaluationsofindustries’demandforwater.Thesecondstepinvolvesdetermininggovernancemechanisms,whichindustrycanuseasaspringboardtoimplementtheirin-housewatermanagementpoliciesandstrategies.Andthethirdistheneedtocreateaninstitutionalframeworkthatactionstherecommendedpoliciesandsupportsthedecision-makingprocess.

Adopt a Holistic ViewMuchattentionhasbeengivento

thebenefitofresearchanddevelopment(R&D)inQatar,buttheconversationneedstoprogress.Qatarneedstofocusonamoreholisticapproachthatencompassestechnologywhilealsoexamininghowallindustriesfunction.Elevatingthelevelofintegrationbetweenthedifferententitiescanreducewaterwastageacrosstheboard.R&Dintowatermanagementandtechnologiesshouldbesynonymouswithdevelopment–researchshouldbeunderpinnedbyclearandcommongoals.Attheheartofaholisticapproachistheneedforthefullcollaborationofindustry,academiaandgovernment.Academiaplaysalargerolebydevelopinghighly-valuedknowledgeandexpertise.AcollaborativeapproachwouldensurethatQataradoptsapreventativeapproachtoitswaterscarcity,ratherthantoday’sreactionarymindset.n

Qatar must adopt a preventative approach to its water scarcity, rather than today’s

reactionary mind set.”Qatar’s small size could prove beneficial, as industries with a wastewater sharing

agreement would have relatively low transport costs and travel times.”

enhance Government-led Guidelines

Thegovernmentisattheheartofintroducingbotheconomicandnon-economicpoliciestocreateamoresustainableapproachtoindustrialwatermanagementinQatar.Possibleeconomicpoliciesincludechargingforthetreatmentofwastewaterbasedonitsqualityandquantity.Afeewouldencourageindustrytothinkmorecarefullyabouttheirconsumption,aswouldtheintroductionofquotasandwastewatergenerationquotas.Ahighertariffcouldbeappliedwhenexceeded.Athirdeconomicpolicycouldbethecomplete,orpartialprivatizationofthewatersector,whichwouldencompassthesupply,distribution,collection,treatmentanddisposalofwater.

Non-economicpoliciesincludethedeploymentofmoreefficienttechnologiesandprocesses,suchascoolingtowers.Thegovernmentcouldalsostipulatethepercentageofwaterthatmustberecycledbycompaniesonacase-by-casebasis.Agricultureaccountsforaround60%ofQatar’stotalwaterconsumption,eventhoughthesector’scontributiontothecountry’sGDPisinsingledigits.Banningthecultivationofwaterguzzlingcropsentirelyandshiftingtheplantingseasontothewintermonthsonly–Qatar’ssummertemperaturesaverage35degreeCelsius–arenecessarysteps.Theagriculturesectorcouldalsoimprovetheuseofdripirrigationtominimisewaterwastage.Quotasandtheuseoftreatedgreywatershouldbeappliedtoallsectors,fromhospitalitytoconstruction.Ifintroduced,allthesuggestedeconomicandnon-economicpolicieswouldbeoverseenandregulatedbythegovernment,oranindependentauthority.

Improve the Distribution of treated Water

Qatarhasawideningnetworkofcollectionandtreatmentsystemsfordomesticwastewater,butthesamedoesnotyetapplytoindustrialwastewater.WithQatar’sindustriesclusteredinRasLaffanandMesaieed,itshouldberelativelystraightforwardtocreateanoverarchingframeworkthatmanages

gaintractionifstrictwastewaterquotasareintroduced.Qatar’ssmallsizecouldalsoprovebeneficial,asindustrieswithawastewatersharingagreementwouldhaverelativelylowtransportcostsandtraveltimes.

create a Water Management ecosystem

ThreekeypillarssupporttheestablishmentofawatermanagementecosysteminQatar,whichcouldformthefoundationofanexecutivemasterplanforthecountry’swatersecurityoutlook.

Thefirstpillardetailsthecreationof

andtreatsindustries’wastewater.Thelackofanefficientdistributionnetworktotransporttreatedwastewatertothenextusermeansconsiderablevolumesoftreatedwater–aresourcethatissuitableforagricultureanddistrictcooling,forexample–arelost.

AligningthesourceofthetreatedwastewaterwithanendusernotonlyhelpsQatarmonitorthecountry’ssupply-demandwaterbalance,butitalsomakesindustryaccountablefortheirconsumptionandsubsequentwastage.Pinpointingandregulatingthedestinationsandvolumeoftreatedwatercouldbesupportedbybuildingadedicateddistributionnetwork.

Kahramaa,whosewaternetworkscover99.8%ofthecountry’swatersupply,hasdonecommendableworkinrecentyearstoreduceleaksinitsdistributionnetwork.Still,industries’journeyhasonlyjustbegun.

explore Industrial symbiosisIndustrialwaterconsumptionand

wastagecanbesplitintotwocamps;eitherwithinabusiness,orbetweenbusinesses.Theimprovementsthatcompaniescanmakein-housearewell-documentedandmoreattentionmustbeallocatedtoreducingandreallocatingwastewaterbetweendifferentcompanies.Forexample,thesteelindustryproducesflyash,whichcanbeusedinthecementindustry–awasteproductinonecompanyisacheapresourceforanother.ThesametheoryappliestoQatar’swatermanagement.Thereisnoreasonwhymoregreywaterfromacompany’sofficescannotbetreatedandremarketedasirrigationforalandscapingcompany,forexample.Suchcooperationaddsarevenue-generatingassettotheseller’sbooks,whilereducingthecostofresourcesforthebuyer–awin-winscenario.Similartrade-offswillespecially

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60%Agriculture accounts for around

60% of Qatar’s total water consumption, even though the

sector’s contribution to the country’s GDP is in single digits.


D esalinationhasproventobeacriticalandinnovativecrutchforQatar’swatersupply.

Desalinatedwaterfeeds99%ofthecountry’smunicipaldemandandtheannualgrowthindemandisclimbingby10%.But,desalinationremainsaveryexpensiveprocess.Qatar’scurrentdesalinationinfrastructureandtechnologieswillstruggletokeeppacewiththecountry’sboomingpopulationandsubsequentwaterdemand.Therateoftechnologicalinnovationneedstoaccelerate.

TheenergyefficientdesalinationtechnologiesbeingadoptedinQatartodayhavebeeninplaceinothercountries–desalinationispracticedinaround150countries–sincethe1980s.UsingtechnologythatisarguablydatedalsofailstosupportQatar’sgoaltobecomeaknowledge-basedeconomyas

Transformingnovelideasinthelaboratoryintoinnovationsthatcutcostsandmeetenvironmentalstandardsatdesalinationplantsisachallengingtask.Astate-ownedcompanywouldhavethefinancialandhumancapacitytoimplementafast-trackprogrammefortheideasthathavethegreatestchanceofboostingsustainabilityatdesalinationplants.Technologicalinnovationscouldalsobeexploredalongsideapartnerresearchinstitution,whichwouldhelpmendthewobblybridgeofcommunicationbetweenindustryandacademia.

embrace new technologies Oneofthegreatestchallenges

facingeffortstoimproveQatar’sdesalinationsectorisareluctancetoadoptnewtechnologies.Thisimpedimentstemsfromthegovernment’stendencytomakemajorinvestmentsonanexceptionallylong-termbasis,withsometimetablesstretchingoverfivedecades.Thishasledgovernmentsandcompaniestobecomeadversetochange,astheyhavealreadyspentconsiderablesumsontoday’sdesalinationprocessesandwanttoavoidbacktracking.

Anotherkeychallengeistheposturetakenbysuppliers,whosemainobjectiveistoensureareliableandconstantdeliveryofdesalinatedwater.Aremittoexploreandadoptinnovative

technologiesdisruptssuppliers’statusquoandmanystarttoquestiontheirfinancialstability,whichisespeciallythecaseforsmallandmedium-sizeenterprises(SMEs)–aportionoftheworkforcethatQataristryingtonurture.Consequently,suppliersmustbeincentivizedandsupportedthroughtheprocess–perhapswithtechnicalexpertiseandfinancialcapital–toensurethatQatarisnotleftbehindintheglobalraceforinnovation.

Introduce tougher rules Creatingstricterregulationsand

policieswillhelpcurbQatar’ssometimeswastefulwateruseandputlessstressonthecountry’sdesalinationinfrastructure,thusbolsteringtheirsustainability.Kahramma,madeanunprecedentedmoveinthecountry’spushforwatersecurityinJanuary2016byreducingwatersubsidies.ThecompanyalsoexpectstocompletethefirstphaseofasmartmeterdeploymentprogrammeinDohathisyear,whichwillenableresidentstomonitortheirindividualwaterconsumptionandseehowtheycomparetothenationalaverage.Thisbottom-upapproachisgainingtraction;theMiddleEast’ssmartmetermarketisexpectedtoreach16.1munitsby2022andnearlyall(86%)ofhomesandbusinessesintheregioncouldhavesmartmetersinstalledwithinthesameperiod.Whileslashingwatersubsidiesandrollingoutsmartmetersiscommendable,Qatar’sregulatorybodiesneedtocontinuouslytightenuptheirrulebooktostayaheadofthecountry’srisingdemandfordesalinatedwater.n

What are the most effective and sustainable strategies thatQatar can use to enhance today’s desalination processes?

Desalination

Qatar could focus its R&D on how to use wind, solar and perhaps even wave technologies to

power desalination plants on an industrial scale.”

perthecountry’sNationalVision2030.Thebestroutetointroducing

innovativetechnologiesthatreducethesoaringcostsofdesalinationistosimultaneouslyinvestinthecountry’swaterresearchanddevelopment(R&D)andseekglobalsolutions.PerhapsSingapore’sworkintobiomimicry–wheremangroveplantsandfishextractseawaterusingminimalenergy–couldbeappliedtoQatar?

Theimportanceofenvironmentalsustainabilitymustalsoclimbhigheronthecountry’sagenda.DesalinationisrapidlyincreasingthealreadyhighsalinitycontentinQatar’swaters.Asidefromjeopardisingthemarineecosystem,thismeansthatdesalinationplantshavetoworkdoubletimetodesalinizeevensaltierwaterthatisproducedfromtheinitialdesalinationprocess.

use renewables to Power Desalination Plants

Theworld’sfirstautomatedandremotelycontrolleddesalinationplantislocatedonafarminQatarandownedbyAliHussainAliAl-Sada.Asecuresupplyofelectricitygeneratedbyphotovoltaictechnology–theconversionofsolarenergyintodirectcurrentelectricity–andwindtechnologypowerstheplant.ThescaleofsuchaplantwouldneedrevisingtomeetQatar’srisingwaterneeds,buttheprojectstillhighlightstheeffectivenessofusingrenewablepower.IsthisQatar’sfuture?QatarcouldfocusitsR&Donhowtousewind,solarandperhapsevenwavetechnologiestopowerdesalinationplantsonanindustrialscale.Whilesuchexplorationmaybecostlytostartwith–particularlyconsideringtherequiredhumancapitalandtestingequipment–thelong-termeconomicgainswouldpayoff.

rethink the Management of Brine Thequalityofthewaters

aroundtheGulf,includingQatar,arebeingjeopardisedbyindustrialactivityandinpart,bythelargeamountofsaltdumpedbackintotheseabydesalinationplants.Qatar’stemperatures–anaverageof35degreesCelsiusinthesummer–naturallyraisethesalinitycontentofthesurroundingwaters.Consequently,thefacilitiesthatmanagesalinityforwastewatertreatmentshouldbereplaced,orupgraded.Qatar’soverallgoalforthefutureofdesalinationshouldbetohavezeroliquiddischarge,includingbrine.

ThedoublingoftheGulf’swaterexchangebetweenseawateranddesalinatedwater–inlinewithrisingpowerandwaterproduction–isexpectedtoleadtoanexponentialincreaseinthesalinityofQatar’swater.Thesurroundingwaterscouldsoonbeoverwhelmedtothepointthatdesalinationisnolongerviable.Toavoidsuchadireoutlook,theenvironmentalimpactoftoday’sdesalinationprocessesmustimmediatelyberevampedbyindustry,academiaandgovernmenttoensurethatthemethodremainsareliablewatersourcefordecadestocome.

Ownership of the entire supply chain

Qatarneedstotakecontroloftheentirewatersupplychain,withR&Dintohome-growndesalinationtechnologiesplayingakeyrole.Takingownershipoftheentiresupplychainwillstreamlinetheapprovalprocessforthemuch-neededtechnologicalinnovations.Qatarwouldowntheintellectualproperty(IP)andrelevantlicenses,thusalleviatingbureaucraticbottlenecks.Waterisafundamentalfactorinensuringacountry’seconomicandnationalsecurityandallrelevantactivitiesshouldfallundertheumbrellaofasinglestate-ownedcompany.

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16.1m 9.5bnThe number of smart meters in the Middle East by 2022.

Today’s global population of 7.4bn is expected to soar by

28% to 9.5bn by 2050.

In Numbers

Up to 86% of homes and businesses in the region could have smart meters

installed by 2022.

86%


researchanddevelopment(R&D),underpinnedbyastrongbedrockoffinancialandhumancapital,

iscriticaltocreatetechnologiesthatwillenableQatartobetteritswatersecurityinacost-effectiveandquickmanner,aspertheNationalVision2030.

ThethreemainentitiesinQatar–government,academiaandindustry–bringtheirownperspectives,prioritiesandagendastothebrainstormingtable.Thecountryneedsacademicresearchgoals,government-ledprioritiesandanawarenessofwaterconsumptionthroughoutindustriesandcommunitiestoensurelong-termwatersecurity.Thesuccess–andimportantly,thespeedofprogress–ofsuchplansrequirestheabilityofallthreeentitiestospurthecountry’stechnologicaladvancements.

How can innovations in water management be incorporated into Qatar’s existing infrastructure at minimal cost and maximum speed?

technology

Thereislittlevalueinstartingthecountry’swatertechnologyportfoliofromscratch.Itmakesmoresensetoelevatetheefficiencyandcapacityofexistinginfrastructure,especiallywhenlowoilpriceshaveputconsiderablestrainonenergyproducers’budgets.Thisisbestdonebysimultaneouslyusinginnovativetechnologiesandcrossovertechnologies,whicharetoolsusedinotherindustriesthatcanbeadaptedtoenhancewatermanagementstrategies.

Noveldevelopmentscouldbeappliedtodesalinationsuchaspermeablemembranematerialsand‘smart’resourcemetering.TofuelthespiritofinnovationwithinQatar,thecountry’sprimaryentitiesmustunitetheireffortstoenhancescience,technology,engineeringandmathematics(STEM)

The country’s arid landscape means there are few trees and greater green cover would help

improve air quality, especially against a backdrop of industrial expansion and urban construction.”

rethink the entire Water cycle UsingR&Dtotakeaholisticview

ofQatar’sentirewatercyclecouldrevealhiddeneconomicandenvironmentalopportunities,especiallybetweenindustries.Aquickreviewofthemainthemesinthefulllifecycleofwaterincludesconsumption,awareness,producedwater,desalinationandassociatedemissions.Forexample,brine(salt)buildupintheseaisamajornegativeconsequenceofthedesalinationprocess,whichcurrentlymeets99%ofQatar’smunicipalneeds.PerhapsQatarcouldexplorethebenefitsofestablishingasmallandlocalsaltindustry?Suchamove,orsimilarpathways,wouldsupportthecountry’seconomicdiversificationgoals,aswellasitsenvironmentalcommitments.

Qatar’sindustry,academiaandgovernmentcouldalsoholisticallyexplorewaystocheaplytreatwastewatersothatitcanbeusedforirrigation.Thecountry’saridlandscapemeanstherearefewtreesandgreatergreencoverwouldhelpimproveairquality,especiallyagainstabackdropofindustrialexpansionandurbanconstruction.

Innovation, Innovation, InnovationTimeisshortandearmarkinga

steadyflowoffinancefortargetedR&DprojectswillincreaseQatar’schancesofintroducingtechnologicalinnovationstoimproveitsstrainedwateroutlook.Whileinnovationsarerarelycheap,theevolutionofdesalinationasafundamentalwatermanagementtoolinQatarand150othercountriesisoneillustrationofhowintegralinvestinginfinancialandhumanR&Dcapitalcanbecome.

SomeexpertsarguethatQatar’sR&Dteamsmustcreateandcommercializealltheirwatertechnologieslocally,includingthelocalregistrationofpatents.TheyarguethatthiswouldelevateQatar’sintellectualstatusandsupportitspositionasaknowledge-

basedeconomy.ItwouldalsoenableDohatoexporthome-growninnovationstoothercountriesfacingwaterstrife.OtherscounterthatsuchanisolationistapproachthreatenstoaddmultiplelayersofbureaucracyandslowthespeedofinnovationatatimewhenQatarisalreadyworkingagainsttheclock.

ForeignexpertiseandcapitalhavebeeninstrumentalthroughoutQatar’shistoryofresourcemanagementandthecountrystillhastheoptiontobuytherightstotechnologies,oralicensethatallowsmodifications.

TheremustalsobeastrongeremphasisthroughoutQatar’sschoolcurriculumonenhancingstudents’abilitytothinkcritically–thebirthofallinnovations–andashiftawayfromrotelearning.

1

2education.Qatar’stechnologicalandwatersecuritygoalscouldflounderwithoutbolsteringtoday’stalentpoolofscientificandtechnicalexpertise.Plus,rejuvenatingQatar’sskilledworkforceisinlinewiththecountry’smandatetobecomeaknowledge-basedeconomy–onethatreliesonintellectualvalue,ratherthanhydrocarbons.

Thereissignificantappetiteamongstexpertsforpositivechange,buttheclockistickingandR&Dprojectsandassociatedfundingshouldbechosencarefullytoensurethegreatestimpactupto2030andbeyond.EnsuringQatarhasthetechnologicalcapabilitytostrengthenitswatersecurityrestslargelyonthegovernment’sshoulders,butallmustsupporttheleadershipwiththeirfinancialandcreativeefforts.


sensorsthatuseawirelessnetworktotransmittheirmeasurementsofreal-timeinformationtoacentraldatamanagementsystem.Thismanagementsystemcombinesmeteringdatawithclimatologicalandhydrologicalinformation,whichthentranslatestheinformationintoaneasilydigestiblemeasurementofcurrentsupply-demandlevels.Suchreal-timetransparencycanbecollatedtocreatehistoricaldatapointsthathelpidentifytrendsandpinpointareasofimprovement,especiallylowhangingfruits–changesthatcanbemadequicklyandeasily.

enhance Water collection systems

ImprovingthecollectionofQatar’sgreywater–usedwaterwithoutfecalcontamination–couldsignificantlyreducethelevelofpotablewaterbeingusedinagricultureandlandscaping.Agriculturemakesuparound60%ofthewaterconsumptioninQatar,even

thoughthesector’scontributiontoGDPisinsingledigits–anunsustainabletrade-off.Greywatercouldbecollectedfrommosques,shoppingcentres,airconditioningunitsandcorporatebuildings,forexample.Successfullyreusingtheablutionwateratmosquescouldhelpestablishanationwidebenchmarkforprojectsinotherareas.OnFridays,80%oftheconsumptionofgreywaterinQatarcomesfrommosquesandsimpletreatmentprocesseswouldmakethiswatersuitableforagricultureandlandscaping.Allthewaterfrommosques–includingblackwater,whichisusedintoilets–iscurrentlyfunnelledintoacommonsewagesystem,whichrendersthegreywaterunusable.Collectingdataatmosquesinbusyindustrialandcommercialdistrictstomapoutapreliminarycost-rewardblueprintwouldascertainhoweffectivereworkingQatar’swatercollectionsystemscouldbeifappliedacrosstheboard.n

use Membrane technologies Industrialmanufacturingfacilities

typicallyrequirefreshwateratvariousstagesofoperations.Thisincludesprocesswater–waterthatcannotbeclarifiedasdrinkingwater–andcoolingwater,aswellaswaterforlandscaping.Forsuchapplications,usinghighqualitypotable(drinkable)waterthatisproducedbythermaldesalinationatmunicipalpowerandwaterplantsiswastefulconsideringsuchresourcesarealreadystretched.

MoreindustriescouldjointhemovementtoimproveQatar’swatersecuritybyinstallingcommercially-availablemembranetechnologies.Suchtechnologiesincludereverseosmosis,whichremovesalargemajorityofcontaminantsfromwaterbypushingthewaterunderpressurethroughasemi-permeablemembrane.Installingsimilartechnologiescouldbeaneconomicandenvironmentalwin-winforbothQatar’scorporateandgovernmentalentities.ThereducedneedfornewdesalinationcapacitywouldsavethegovernmentmoneyandprovidecompanieswithtangibleevidencetoprovetheirsupportofQatar’s2030goals.Plus,employees’enhancedawarenessofwatermanagementwouldlikelybepassedonathomeandhelpcurbdomesticwaterwastage.

establish a smart Water networkTheeraofalmostfreewateris

nearlyover,asindicatedbyKahramaa,whenitreducedwatersubsidiesinJanuary2016.Thesprawlofurbanareasamidrapidpopulationgrowthmeansthecountry’sdomesticwaterconsumptionissoaring.ASmartWaterNetworkprovidesanintelligentandnationwidesolutiontoQatar’swatersecuritychallengebymonitoringandbalancingtoday’spoorlycorrelatedsupply-demandlevels.

ASmartWaterNetworkreferstoanumberofdata-drivencomponents,whichenabletheoptimizationofwatermanagementanddistribution.Thisincludesreducingleakages,finetuningpricingandimprovingcommunities’waterawareness.ASmartMeterNetworkconsistsofhighresolutionwater

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80%On Fridays, 80% of the

consumption of grey water in Qatar comes from mosques and simple treatment processes would make this water suitable for agriculture

and landscaping.

78%Government

IndustryAcademia11% 11%

Which entity should take the lead in coordinating Qatar’s water security strategy to ensure the delivery of ‘fit for purpose’ local solutions for local challenges?

A Focus R&D investment on improving efficiencies of existing technologies

B Today’s technologies are not advanced enough – invest in new solutions

c Crossover technologies – adopt and adapt technologies across industries

36%

17%

47%

Which technology strategy should Industry-Academia prioritize to better Qatar’s water security as quickly as possible?

Would Qatar benefit from consolidating all of its in-country water research laboratories into a Master Plan, with the intellectual property shared by all?

48%52%

yes

no

InDustry surVey: results

F rumthe GulF intelliGence Qatar industry

Hosted at Qatar University’s Research Complex, April 2016

Water Security


• H.E. Essa bin Hilal Al-Kuwari, President, Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA)• H.E. Ahmed Mohammed Al Sada, Assistant Undersecretary for Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Municipality &

Environment, Qatar • Dr. Hassan Al Derham, President, Qatar University• Dr. Mohamed Yousef Al Mulla, Vice Chairman & CEO, Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO)• Abdul Rahman M. Nasralla, CEO for Ras Abu Fontas, Qatar Electricity & Water Company (QEWC)• Dr. Adel Sharif, Research Director - Water Security, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)• Dr. Simon Judd, Maersk Oil Professorial Chair in Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University• Sara Al-Said, Reservoir Engineer, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Dr. Ann Kenimer, Interim Dean, Texas A&M University at Qatar• Dr. Mariam A. Al-Maadeed, Vice President for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University• Pierre Montaud, Director, TOTAL Research Center - Qatar• Youssif Saleh, Vice President, Qatar Shell Research & Technology Centre• Stephen Kelly, President and General Manager, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Ghassan Barghouth, Vice President Middle East - Strategic Customers and Segments, Global Solutions, Schneider Electric• Dr. Samer S. Adham, Director, ConocoPhillips’ Global Water Sustainability Centre (GWSC)• Jassim Al-Khori, Technical Manager, Maersk Oil Research & Technology Center• Dr. Mohamad Al-Sulaiti, Research Director, ExxonMobil Research Qatar• Ahmed Al Jumaily, Senior Vice President HSE&S, Dolphin Energy • Dr. Mohammed Jaber Al-Marri, Director of Gas Processing Center, Qatar University• Katherine Wallgren, Leader Reservoir Management Team, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Dr. Abdullah Kadri, Senior R&D Expert, Qatar Mobility Innovations Center (QMIC)• Wouter Bijman, Regional Director, Witteveen+Bos EMEA DMCC• Costin Lupu, Director Middle East & Africa, Monsson Group• Jamila El Mir, Senior Consultant Environment and Sustainability, Arup • Pon Saravanan Neerkathalingam, Environmental Specialist, ORYX GTL Limited• Dr. Jeffrey Obbard, Director, Environmental Studies Center, Qatar University• Fathy Atia, Chemist, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University• Dr. Udeogu Onwusogh, QSRTC Water R&D Team Lead, Qatar Shell• Prof. Mohamed Shamrukh Mahmoud, Expert of Water Resources (Environmental Monitoring Dept.), Ministry of Municipality

& Environment, Qatar • Dr. Patrick Linke, Co-Founder and Executive Director of Graduate Studies, Texas A&M at Qatar, Qatar Sustainable Water

and Energy Utilisation Initiative• Dr. Ahmed Abdel Wahab , Co-Founder and Technical; Professor for Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Qatar

Sustainable Water & Energy Utilization Initiative (QWE)• Dr. Fedaa Ali, Scientist, Material Sciences and Engineering, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)• Fareed A. Salem, Water Expert, Cloud Energi • Dr. Malak Hamdan, Head of Science and Innovation (Gulf), British Embassy Doha • Dr. Marwa Al-Ansary, Team Lead Water R&D, QSRTC, Qatar Shell• Dr. Aboubakr Abdullah Ali, Associate Researcher, Center of Advanced Materials, Qatar University• Arnie Janson, Principal Engineer, ConocoPhillips’ Global Water Sustainability Centre (GWSC)• Anesa Al-Saiqal, Production Engineer, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Mohamed Hfuda, Electrical Engineering Technology Instructor, College of North Atlantic - Qatar• Nicholas Carter, Associate Director, Baringa Partners• Ron Daniel, General Manager, Composium Group• Dr. Val S. Frenkel, Principal PM, CH2M

FOruM AttenDees

• Pon Neerthakalingam, Environmental Specialist, ORYX GTL

• Dr. Jeffrey Obbard, Director - Environmental Studies Center, Qatar University

• Fathy Atia, Chemist, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University

• Pierre Montaud, Director of Total Research Center, Qatar (TRC-Q)

• Ghazi Abdel Karim El Sharif, Environment Affairs Expert, Ashghal

• Dr. Fedaa Ali, Scientist, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)

• Dr. Udeogu Onwusogh, QSRTC Water R&D Team Lead, Qatar Shell

• Shamrukh Mahmoud, Expert of Water Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Qatar

• Costin Lupu, Director Middle East & Africa, Monsson Group

• Ron Daniel, General Manager, Composium Group

• Fareed A. Saleem, Chief Executive Officer, Cloud Energi

• Dr. Adel Sharif, Research Director, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)

• Dr. Kathryn Chang Barker, Higher Education Expert Consultant, Ministry of Education and Higher Education

• Dr. Abdullah Kadri, Senior R&D Expert, Qatar Mobility Innovations Center (QMIC)

• Dr. Val S. Frenkel, PE, D.WRE, Principal PM ch2m, IDRIS Programme Management Office

• Dr. Marwa Al-Ansary, R&D and Technology Manager QSRTC, Qatar Shell

• Sara Al-Said, Reservoir Engineer, Occidental Petroleum

• Dr. Aboubakr Abdullah Ali, Associate Researcher Center of Advanced Materials, Qatar University

• Arnie Janson, Principal Engineer, ConocoPhillips’ Global Water Sustainability Centre (GWSC)

• Walter Buydens, Chief Executive Officer, Vito Middle East

• Anesa Al-Saiqal, Production Engineer, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Ltd

• Mohamed Hfuda, Electrical Engineering Technology Instructor, College of North Atlantic - Qatar

special report contributors

28 special report


• Dr. Kathryn Chang Barker, Higher Education Expert Consultant, Ministry of Education and Higher Education• Dhabia Al-Mohannadi, Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar• Jassim Al-Mejali, Material Science & Technology, Qatar University • Tejvir Singh, Sustainable Energy and Environment, Hamad Bin Khalifa University• Saad Ali Al Sobhi, Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, Qatar University• Yousef Al-Jaber, Head of Corporate Social Responsibility and Institutional Relations, Total E&P Qatar• Moza Al-Naimi, Student, M.Sc. Environmental Science, Qatar University• Norris Eaton, Vice President - Academics, College of North Atlantic - Qatar• Mubarak N Al-Nasser, Managing Director, Ras Laffan Power Co. • Mohammed Y. Al Harami, CEO, Mesaieed Power Company Limited • Walter Buydens, CEO, Vito Middle East• Peter Millar, Managing Director, Isle Utilities Middle East• Carl Ganter, Founder and Director, Circle of Blue• Dr. Ghazi Elsayed Abdelkerim Ibrahim Elsherif, Environment Affairs Expert, Ashgal• Francisco Gimenez Rothemund, Senior Projects Engineer, Drainage Networks Projects Department, Ashgal• Nabila Adam, Quality and Safety, Ashgal • Joe A. Rahi, Principal, Dubai, Bain & Company• Geninha Lisboa, Science and Innovation Officer - UK Science & Innovation Network, British Embassy Doha • David Fullerton, Chair of Applied Research and Innovation, College of North Atlantic - Qatar• Dr. Jamal Kurdi , Chemical Process Engineering Technology Instructor, College of North Atlantic - Qatar• Mohamed Hfuda , Electrical Engineering Technology Instructor, College of North Atlantic - Qatar• Aida Rafat, Assistant Engineer, ConocoPhillips’ Global Water Sustainability Centre (GWSC)• Dr. Altaf Hussain, Engineer, ConocoPhillips’ Global Water Sustainability Centre (GWSC)• Ana Santos, Engineer, ConocoPhillips’ Global Water Sustainability Centre (GWSC)• Joel Minier Matar, Research Engineer, ConocoPhillips’ Global Water Sustainability Centre (GWSC)• Samuel Ducroquet, Second Counsellor, French Embassy, Qatar• Carmine Bruno, Senior Water Engineer, GHD• Dr. Esam Elsarrag, Director of R&D, Gulf Organization for Research & Development (GORD)• Dr. Gordon McKay, Associate Professor, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University• Predrag Mokric, Manager Infrastructure Engineering Affairs, HBK Contracting Co.• Kerry Morris, Senior Communications Specialist, Maersk Oil Qatar• Ali Al-Rayashi, Deputy Environmental Theme Lead, Maersk Oil Research & Technology Centre• Nasser Al-Kaabi, Environmental Researcher, Maersk Oil Research & Technology Centre• Walid Oraby, General Manager, METITO OVERSEAS QATAR• Hidekazu Kohara, General Manager, Mitsubishi Qatar Power Systems Project Office• Sanjay Dhamija, Manager, Mitsubishi Water Technologies • Dr. Dalia Ali, Chair of R&D for Monsson Middle East, Monsson Group• Aisha Al-Naama, Social Responsibility Specialist, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Amal Al-Haddada, Electrical Engineer, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• John Bolling, Asset Development Manager, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Jumana Ahmed Ahan, Process Engineer FEC , Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Steve Tiffney, Facilities Engineering & Construction Manager, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Limited• Abdelhameed Khairy, Head of Qatari Development, ORYX GTL Limited• Ghada Al-Batial, Senior Chemist, ORYX GTL Limited• Katia Abboud, Head of PR, ORYX GTL Limited• Khalid Al-Khaldi, Senior Chemist, ORYX GTL Limited• Thamer Al Kaabi, PRCM, ORYX GTL Limited• Marlene J. Van Vuuren , Environmental Specialist SHERQ, ORYX GTL Limited

• Meshaal Johar M J Al-Abdulla, Senior Process Engineer (Developee), ORYX GTL Limited• Mohamed Al Enazi, Chief QHSE Officer, ORYX GTL Limited• Nawaf Fandi Al-Shammari, Senior Supervisor Qatari Development, ORYX GTL Limited• Dr. Ahmed Abdalla, Senior Scientist, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)• Dr. Hassan Abdulrahim, Scientist, Water Desalination and Reuse, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)• Dr. Hugues Preud’Homme, Senior Scientist, Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)• Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, Materials Science and Engineering , Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute (QEERI)• Khalid Bashir, Head of Environment, Qatar Gas• Afzal Azizullah Subedar, Environmental Engineer, Qatar Gas • Mohamed Nagib Omara, Head of Strategic Planning & Technical Advisor to the President of Kahramaa, Qatar General

Electricity & Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA)• Prof. Dr. Mohammad Imad Raouf Al-Naimi, In Charge of Research & Development Committee Advisor, Production & Water

Resources Planning & Business Development Department, Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA)• Dr. Mohammad Alsheyab, Program Manager, Civil Engineering & Environmental, Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF)• Dr. Philippe Freyssinet, Director, Energy & Environment, Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF)• Dr. Ali Ghalambor, Program Manager, Petroleum Chemical Engineering, Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF)• Dr. Mabrouk Ouederni, Head of Research & Development, Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO)• Alistair Cameron, Manager Environmental Operations, Qatar Shell• Mohammed Abu Jbara, CSR Manager, Qatar Shell• Abdelrahman Sorour, Research Fellow, Environmental Studies Center, Qatar University• Abdulrahman Alobaidly, Research Fellow, Environmental Studies Center, Qatar University• Dr. Alexandra Hamadou, Researcher, Environmental Studies Center, Qatar University• Dr. Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Associate Vice President for Research & Strategic Initiatives, Qatar University• Dr. Elnaiem Elobaid, Research Fellow, Environmental Studies Center, Qatar University• Hani Tabba, Prof. of Organic Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University• I.A. Hussein, Upstream Research Professor, Gas Processing Centre, Qatar University• Dr. Mohamed Ahmedna, Professor and Associate Dean for Research & Graduate Studies, College of Arts & Sciences,

Qatar University• Dr. Mohamed Hassan, Research Fellow, Center of Advanced Materials, Qatar University• Mohammed Maqbool Ahmed, Quality Manager / Radiation Protection Officer, Qatar University• Dr. Muftah El-Naas , Gas Processing Centre; QAFCO Chair Professor in Chemical Process Engineering, Qatar University• Dr. Nabiha Youssef, Research Fellow, Qatar University• Dr. Nasr Bensalah, Associate Professor of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University• Dr. Syed Zaidi, QAFAC Chair Professor, Center of Advanced Materials, Qatar University• Dr. Yousef Hijji, Professor, Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University• Dr. Rashid Alammari, Associate Professor, College of Engineering , Qatar University • Dharmesh Kumar Shah, Shift Team Leader/Operations, Ras Girtas Power (RGPC)• Sudhakar Rao, Lead Chem & Env Engineer, Ras Girtas Power (RGPC)• Abdulla Rasheed, Operations Team Leader, Ras Laffan Power Co. • Dr. Walid Labaky, Principal Hydrogeologist, Schlumberger • Sashi Prakash, Development Manager (Carbon & Sustainability), Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy • Ammar Al Habbash, Teach for Qatar • Hiba Madibo, Teach for Qatar • Dr. Aziz Rahman, Professor for Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar• Dr. Eyad Masad , Vice Dean, Texas A&M University at Qatar• Dr. Salem Aljuhani, Associate Professor, Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar• Dr. Laurent A. Lambert, Senior Policy Analyst, The Social & Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University• Claude Sadois, Water Management R&D Project Leader, TOTAL Research Center – Qatar


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