Q4010N-SM(e)T1

THE OPERATION MANUAL

CONTENTS

1. Main data

2. Structure and performance

3. Main assembly data

4. Heating and fastening bolts

5. Conditions and technical specifications

6. Start-up, operation and maintenance

of turbine

7. Mark, package, storage and transport

8. Criterion for turbine using oil


1. Main data 1.1 Model N30-8.83/535

1.2 Type High pressure, single casing, impulse

and condensing turbine

1.3 Governing mode Nozzle governing

1.4 Rated power 30000kW

1.5 Speed 3000r/min

1.6 Working grid frequency 50HZ

1.7 Rated working conditions

Initial pressure 8.83 MPa

Initial temperature 535 ℃

Exhaust pressure 0.0087MPa

Cooling water temperature 30℃

Feeding water temperature 219.3℃

1.8 Input steam flow under rated condition 119t/h

1.9 Rotary direction Clockwise (viewing from turbine to

generator)

1.10 Critical speed of rotor ～1796r/min

1.11 Number of stage 19 stages

1.12 Total length of turbine ～8.6mm

1.13 Extraction number 6（after stage 5,8,10,13,15,17）

1.14 Heater quantity 2 HP heaters+1 deaerator +3 LP heaters

1.15 Max. lifting weight

When installing 56 t（condenser）

When overhaul 26 t (the upper casing with diaphragms)


1.16 Outline size (length × width × height) 8.60×4.89×3.49(m)

2. Structure and performance 2.1 Type N30-8.83/535 turbine is a high pressure, signal casing,

impulse and condensing turbine. It drives generator through stiff

coupling.

2.2 After passing through main stop valve, the initial steam shall be

led to four regulating valves by four main steam pipes, and then

enter into steam turbine. The regulating valves are controlled by

oil-relay through rack and cam steam distribution device. The

open degree of valves shall be regulated according to operation

requirement so as to control steam intake and realize change of

power.

2.3 The casing consists of front casing, intermediate casing and rear

casing. The three casings are connected by vertical flanges.

The material of front casing is alloy-steel ZG15Cr2Mo1. The

front casing shall be supported on front bearing seat by upper

paws and splits be connected by studs of which the material is

25Cr2Mo1V. The material of intermediate casing is ZG230-450

and rear casing is HT250.

2.4 The full three-dimension design shall be adopted for fixed blades,

and radial spill strips shall be inserted in diaphragms to

minimize steam leaking. Front gland, rear gland and diaphragm

seal are comb-tooth type with spring strips installed on internal

circle. The design of sealing clearance is reasonable and it can

meet requirement of economy and safety and be convenient for

examining and repairing.

2.5 The rotor is a combination of integral rotor and shrunk wheels.

The material of integral rotor is 30Cr1Mo1V and that of the last


four stages of shrunk wheels is 34CrNi3Mo. The wheel shall be

connected with rotor through end radial keys and axial keys to

minimize stress centralized on wheel hole.

2.6 The full three-dimension design shall be adopted for pressure

stage blade which has shroud band itself. The radial packing

and axial packing shall be designed at shroud band and

entrance edge separately to minimize steam leaking and

improve internal efficiency. To prevent blade from water erosion,

the last blade shall be treated with electric spark.

2.7 Make dynamic balance test of rotor before delivery so as to meet

requirement of safe operation.

2.8 The front bearing of turbine is a thrust and supporting bearing

which is set in bearing seat. The ellipse pads shall be the

supporting of the bearing. The pads have spherical surface and

can be self-located. There are ten working pads and locating

pads separately. The pads are fan-shaped and can sway. The

rear bearing is ellipse supporting bearing which is set in rear

bearing box. The temperature measuring components shall be

installed in thrust pads (Pt resistance type Pt100).

2.9 The dead center of heat expansion of steam turbine shall be set

at rear casing which is located on rear frame by transverse

slide pin. The vertical key and longitudinal key set at front

bearing seat and front casing shall keep the center of turbine

unchanged when casing expands forward. The rotor shall be

located by thrust bearing and expands backward, the relative

expansion of casing and rotor shall be measured by relative

expansion indicator.

2.10 The turning gear shall be installed on rear bearing box. It is


low speed turning gear and can be started in manual. When

the speed of rotor is larger than the speed of turning gear, the

turning gear shall withdraw from working position. The speed of

turning gear is 5.6r/min.。

2.11 The main oil pump shall be installed in front bearing seat and

be driven by rotor through tooth-shaped coupling. When

steam turbine operates normally, besides supplying oil for

governing system, the main oil pump shall also supply oil for

oil ejector.

2.12 Oil supplying device consists of oil tank, high pressure startup

oil pump, AC and DC low pressure lube oil pump and oil

ejector.

2.13 The smoke exhaust system consists of smoke exhaust device,

valves and pipeline, and the smoke exhaust device consists of

air door, elbow and oil and smoke separator. The smoke

exhaust device shall be installed on oil tank. When operating,

the open degree of air door can be regulated to form vacuum

range from 9.8 to 19.6×10-6 MPa in oil tank.

2.14 The oil system adopts 32# or 46# turbine oil. To improve oil

quality, the user shall prepare oil purification device.

2.15 The sound insulation cover shall be adopted in turbine, its

structure is reasonable, and the profile is good looking.

2.16 Auxiliaries system refers to Auxiliaries Instruction.

2.17 Governing and safety system refers to Governing and Safety

Instruction.

3. Main assembly data (see table 1)


4. Heating and tightening of bolts 4.1 To obtain lasting and reliable sealing performance, the method of

heating and tightening bolts shall be adopted so that the nuts of

high pressure part and main stop valve can be screwed tightly.

The nuts and bolts shall be numbered; and the nut and bolt

matching each other shall have the same number.

Bolts of front casing M120×4 20 pieces

Bolts of intermediate casing M68×4 14 pieces

Bolts of main stop valve M56×4 16 pieces 4.2 Explanation for electric heating type bolt heater

Electric heating type bolt heater shall be adopted to heat and

tighten bolts. When using, the heater shall be inserted into the

heating hole in center of bolt. The length of resistance tube shall

suit with the working length of bolt (tension part) and only the

polish section of bolt shall be heated and extended. Then the

temperature of thread part of two ends of bolt shall be lower so

as to avoid threads occlusion tightly. The electric source,

connection and operation of heater shall be supplied by

manufacture of heater, and it is required to record the current,

voltage, actual value and change law of the heater, and then

summarize experience for comparison and reference in later

usage.

4.3 Heating and tightening of bolt

The requirement of heating and tightening bolt is to make the bolt

obtain a preloaded tension which can ensure sealing

performance of interface between casing and main stop valve

after unit operates for a period and loosening of bolts occurs.

The data about heating and tightening of bolt shall refer to table


2 and table 3; make operation according to the following

procedure:

4.3.1 The nut shall be screwed down to the bottom by hand smoothly,

and then check if the end face of nut contacts the flange well by

feeler. The 0.04mm feeler shall not insert the interface along the

whole circle. After overhaul and the nuts and bolts are changed

newly, the nuts shall be screwed down to the bottom. Then check

the top clearance of the nut, and the clearance value shall be

more than 3mm.

4.3.2 The thread section of the nuts and bolts passed test shall be

polished by high quality ceruse(black lead) repeatedly till the

tooth root surface of threads are black and glossy, then blow

the redundant lead away by compressed air to keep the surface

clean.

4.3.3 Screw the nuts according to the serial number of bolts heated

at the same time, then the nuts checked and put on black lead

shall be tightened according to the moment value of table 2.

Draw start line on nuts and flange, the rotating arc length of

each nut shall refer to table 3.

Table 2 Data of cold tightening of nut

Thread

diameter

People

screwing

wrench

Wrench

length m

Moment of cold

tightening (N·m)

M120 M68 2 1 1100～980

M56 2 1 600～500


Table3 Data of heating and tightening bolt

Bolt

diameter

Extended

value mm

Heating

temp.℃

Rotating

angle of

nut φ

Rotating

arc length

of nut mm

Outer

diameter

of nut mm

M120 1.37 268 73.9 110 170

M68 0.56 184 44.5 38.8 100

M56 0.24 120 17.9 15 85

Explanation：The rotating angle and arc length of nut shown in table

are value of calculation in theory. Considering casing distortion after

operation and thickness reduced of internal sealing paint of flange

when heating and tightening, the tightening force of bolt shall be

increased when heating and tightening actually. The extra rotating

arc length corresponding to the tightening force shall be decided by

power plant according to actual condition, it shall not exceed 20% of

the theory calculation value in the table.

4.3.4 Install bolt heaters of which the number is predetermined. Heat

bolt according to operation procedure of heater and check end

clearance of nut by feeler after heating for predetermined time. After

the bolt extends to rated value, one people shall screw the nut tightly

to the preloaded arc length value with one meter long wrench

without sleeve, at that time the start line on nut shall coincide with

the finish line on flange. Data of heating and tightening of bolt refer

to table 3. If the nut could not be screwed tightly to rated arc length,

it shows that the extension length of bolt is not enough. Then go on

heating the bolt and screw the nut. The wrench shall not be screwed

forcedly with sleeve to avoid extra distortion stress acting on bolt.


4.4 Bolt disassembly

The bolt and nut heated and tightened shall be disassembled by

heating according to the following procedure:

4.4.1 Clean around the nut, screw away the plug on the nut, then

clean and blow the heating hole.

4.4.2 Install heaters of which the number is predetermined, heat bolt

according to data of table 3 and operation procedure of heater.

When the bolt extends to the predetermined value, only one people

can screw the bolt out easily. The predetermined extension value

shall include extra heating value (see explanation of table 3). When

disassembling nut, the bolt shall be heated when the temperature of

casing flange drops to about 100℃. 4.4.3 Heating bolt shall be stopped immediately under the following

condition:

4.4.3 When the time heating bolt is more than normal time, inspect

the nut by feeler and the end face of nut shall not contact the flange,

but the nut could not be screwed.

4.4.3.2 The nut is loosened and screwed for more than one circle,

then stop heating whether the nut can be screwed smoothly or not. 4.4.4 If the nut could not be screwed out smoothly (item 4.4.3 of the

above), it is forbidden to screw the nut forcedly with long sleeve to

avoid damage of threads. Here the nut and bolt shall be cooled for

1-3 hours, then use two or three 6# or 7# flame welding torch to heat

around the lower surface of nut uniformly. When the temperature is

about 400 , try to screw the nut.℃ If the nut still could not be screwed,

go on heating to achieve the following temperature according to

material of nut：


Nut Material Temperature

M120 25Cr2MoVA 670℃

M68 45-5 500℃

M56 45-5 500℃

At that time the metal is wine in color. If the nut still could not be

screwed, it shows that the threads are held by each other seriously.

Then the nut shall be disassembled with long sleeve or by

hammering forcedly, or at last by damage method.

4.4.5 After the nut is disassembled, it is necessary to check if the

number of nut is the same with the bolt. If there is a washer under

the nut, the washer shall be marked the same number with the bolt.

5. Assurance condition and technical specification 5.1 Assurance condition

5.1.1 Initial steam condition：Pressure 8.83 MPa； 3.02.0

+−

Temperature 535 。 510

+−

5.1.2 Temperature of cooling water 30℃。

5.1.3 The main body and auxiliaries of turbine shall be in good state,

the accumulated operating time of turbine shall not be more than

6500 hours since the first startup.

5.1.4 The steel tubes of condenser are clean, and sealing

performance of condenser is good. When air ejector is stopped

under rated condition, the drop speed of vacuum in condenser shall

not be more than 266 Pa/min.

5.2 When the condition deviates as the following, the turbine shall

be allowed to operate under rated power for a long period:

5.2.1 The initial steam pressure and temperature changes at the


same time, the pressure shall change within 9.13MPa～8.63 MPa

and the temperature change within 525℃～540 , the temperature ℃

of cooling water shall not be more than 33 .℃

5.2.2 The temperature of cooling water is 36 , the initial steam ℃

pressure and temperature shall not be lower than that of rated

condition.

5.2.3 It is permitted that the limited condition of turbine is 9.8MPa

and 545 for a short period, and the two limited ℃ condition shall not

appear at the same time. The operating time under any limited

condition shall not be more than 0.5 hour. If the operating time

exceeds the limited time, the turbine shall be shutdown forcedly at

once. The operating time of turbine under limited condition shall not

be more than 20 hours in whole year.

5.3 When the initial steam condition and the back pressure are kept

within the range of long-term operation, the over-speed test shall be

done for governing and safety system. When speed is 111％～112％

of rated speed, namely achieves 3330～3360r/min, the emergency

governor shall act. The over speed test shall be done for three times.

The difference of action speed between the first two tests shall be

smaller than 0.6％, the difference of action speed between the third

test and the average of the first two tests shall be not more than 1％,

the two fly-balls can be tested separately.

6. Startup, operation and maintenance of turbine To assure safe and economical operation, we supply the following

contents which shall be followed and noticed according to

characteristic of turbine

6.1 Starting and loading


6.1.1 Starting mode：

According to starting conditions of steam, the starting mode is

classified into two sorts, rated condition startup and slide condition

startup. And slide condition startup is classified into two sorts,

pressure-type slide condition startup and vacuum-type slide

condition startup. Rated condition startup shall be adopted when

two turbines operate in parallel and steam is supplied by main pipe

generally. The mode shall not suit cold startup because heat stress

during startup is large and start time is long. While hot start, it is

convenient for loading to the required. When slide condition starting,

turbine and boiler shall operate in unit system. Slide condition

startup is adopted widely for the merits of small temperature

difference of parts, economical performance and short start time

during starting.

When pressure-type slide condition startup is adopted, main stop

valve and regulating valve shall be opened fully (if started by

regulating valve, main stop valve shall be opened fully and

regulating valve be opened gradually to control steam flow input to

turbine), the turbine shall be vacuumed. When pressure of boiler

rises to 0.2～0.4MPa and steam is overheated to 30 ,℃ the turbine

shall be started by bypass.

When vacuum-type slide condition startup is adopted, main stop

valve and regulating valve shall be opened fully. Boiler and turbine

shall be vacuumed at the same time. After firing boiler, the turbine

shall be started naturally. The mode to be adopted shall be decided

according to actual experience of power plant.

Besides that, the mode of startup is also classified into cold start and

hot start according to temperature of turbine itself. Generally when


temperature of casing under velocity-compounded stage is lower

than 200 , we call it cold state; ℃ when temperature of casing under

velocity-compounded stage is higher than 200 , we call it ℃ hot state.

When hot starting, the temperature of input steam shall be

determined according to casing temperature. The turbine shall be

loaded to corresponding value as soon as possible under allowed

controlling condition to prevent casing from overcooling.

6.1.2 Slide condition cold startup

Before startup, the units shall be inspected and tested. Then

determine if start condition is provided according to general

regulations. The points which shall be paid attention to are given as

the following and are not the complete startup procedure:

6.1.2.1 Preparation

a. Start high pressure AC electric oil pump and turn gear.

b. When pressure-type slide condition startup is adopted, main stop

valve and regulating valve shall be opened fully (if started by

regulating valve, main stop valve shall be opened fully and

regulating valve be opened gradually to control steam flow input to

turbine). Considering the steam input portion of casing shall be

heated uniformly, generally it is the best to start by bypass. When

vacuum-type slide condition startup is adopted, main stop valve

and regulating valve shall be opened fully.

c. The water drain valves connecting each pipe and main body to

flash tank shall be opened fully.

d. The hot well of condenser shall be watered to achieve:

about 1/2～3/4 of water level meter, then start condensate pump

for recycle operation.

e. High and low pressure heater, the valves at side of steam and


water shall be opened fully.

f. Start hydraulic air pump, when vacuum pressure is -0.0399MPa,

inform firing of boiler.

g. Operate sealing heater and sealing pressure regulator

h. Start water cycling system

6.1.2.2 Raising speed and loading

a. When pressure-type slide condition startup is adopted and the

condition of initial steam before isolating valve is 0.196～0.392MPa

and superheat degree is 30～50℃, the turbine shall be impulse-

rotated.

b. Monitor data of relative expansion, temperature rise and

temperature difference to be in allowable range.

C. Inspect when speed is 400～500r/min, then the speed shall be

raised continuously. When speed is 1300 ～ 1400r/min and

warming-up time of turbine is about 30min, raise speed and pass

through critical speed rapidly.

d. When passing through critical speed, steps can be adopted as the

following:

a)The open degree of isolating valve（or regulating valve）can be

increased;

b) Exhaust vacuum can be increased;

c) The open degree of bypass valve connecting to condenser before

main valve can be reduced gradually;

e. When speed is 2100～2300r/min, go on warming up of turbine;

F. Raising speed to 2850r/min，pay attention to action of speed

regulator and oil-relay, stop auxiliary oil pump;

g. During process of raising speed, the oil pressure of governing


system shall be regulated primarily. When rated speed is obtained,

all tests for governing and safety system shall be done, then the unit

shall parallel in grind and load.

h. When paralleling in grind and loading, the turbine shall be

supplied steam.

6.1.3 Rated condition cold startup

6.1.3.1 Preparation

a. Start AC high pressure oil pump, operate tuning gear device;

b. Main stop valve and regulating valve shall be opened fully.

Bypass valve or main stop valve can be used for starting.

c. The water drain valves connecting each pipe and main body to

flash tank shall be opened fully;

d. The condenser shall be filled with water, then start condensate

pump for recycle operation;

e. Start air ejector;

f. Operate sealing heater and sealing pressure regulator.

6.1.3.2 Raising speed and loading:

a. When pressure of condenser achieves 0.04 ～ 0.0533MPa,

impulse rotor can be started. Keep speed to be 400～500r/min and

inspect.

b. Monitor data of relative expansion, temperature rise and

temperature difference to be in allowable range;

c. Warming up turbine when speed is 1300～1400r/min and the

warming time shall not be too long, and then pass through critical

speed rapidly;

d. When speed is 2100～2300r/min，go no warming up turbine.

e. Raising speed to 2850r/min，pat attention to action of oil-relay,

stop auxiliary oil pump;


f. During process of raising speed, the oil pressure of governing

system shall be regulated primarily. When rated speed is obtained,

all tests for governing and safety system shall be done, then the unit

shall parallel in grind and load.

6.1.4 Hot start

When the temperature of casing under velocity-compounded stage

is more than 200 ,℃ we call it hot state. Because the change range

of temperature is very large, here we could not give rules concretely

and mechanically. So we only give some general rules and the

operation unit shall take corresponding measures base on actual

conditions. The key point of hot start is to prevent high temperature

parts from overcool and control negative expansion difference of

unit.

6.1.4.1 Preparation a. The turning gear device shall be put into operation before

impulse-rotating to prevent the rotor from bending. Measure bending

degree of the rotor and when the measurement data is 0.03mm

more than the initial data, impulse rotor is forbidden. The

temperature difference between the upper and lower half of casing

shall be less than 50℃.

b. Strengthen drainage and increase temperature of main steam.

When the temperature is increased to be 50℃ higher than that of

velocity-compounded stage, impulse rotor is allowed.

c. Input high temperature steam to front gland so as to increase heat

expansion of the rotor.

d. Others refer to explanation for cold start

6.1.4.2 Impulse rotor, raising speed and loading

a. When the pressure of condenser achieves 0.03～0.05MPa,


impulse rotor can be started. Pay attention to the sound of friction

from the inside.

b. Try to raise speed to the rated value quickly, and parallel in grind

after doing required tests for governing and safety system. It is

required to increase the vacuum to reduce the negative expansion

difference.

c. The loading speed shall be decided by corresponding load

according to the casing temperature. Try to make the casing be

cooled to the least. When obtaining the pre-determined load, the

turbine shall be warmed up for about 20 minutes. Then load the

turbine according to the explanation for cold start.

6.2 Maintenance during operation

6.2.1 Criterion for steam condition

6.2.1.1 Change range of steam before main stop valve

Steam pressure 8.83 MPa 3.02.0

+−

Steam temperature 535 ℃ 510

+−

6.2.1.2 When the pressure of initial steam is high to 9.8MPa or the

temperature is high to 545 , the operating time shall be not more ℃

than 0.5h every time, the accumulative total time in whole year shall

be less than 20h.

6.2.1.3 When the pressure and temperature of steam exceed the

above value and can not be lowered, it shall be treated as

emergency stop.

6.2.2 Load limiting criterion

When the load is decreased because the initial parameters drop or

exhaust vacuum drops or other reasons, the pressure of monitoring

section shall be controlled not to exceed 10％ of allowance.


6.2.3 Main monitoring data during operation

Grind cycle 48.5～50.5 HZ

Oil pressure of governing system 1.96MPa

Lubricating oil pressure 0.078～0.118MPa

Oil pressure of main oil pump inlet 0.0981MPa

Oil temperature of bearing inlet（℃） 35～45

Oil return temperature of bearing（℃） less than 65

Pressure drop of oil filter 0.0196～0.0392MPa

Pressure after seal pressure regulator 0.1009～0.1274MPa

Pressure after seal air ejector 0.0931～0.097MPa

Exhaust temperature of rear casing（℃）

With load less than 65

Without load less than 120

Axial displacement not more than 1.2mm

Relative expansion within the range from +3 to -1

Bearing vibration not more than 0.03mm

Exhaust vacuum higher than -0.087MPa

Under the condition similar to the first start after installation or

overhaul, if the pressure measured after velocity-compounded

stage is 10% higher than the normal, cleaning shall be done. Or

decrease load according to the limited pressure value of

monitoring section, then clean the turbine while slide condition

shutdown.

6.2.4 Main tests during operation：

6.2.4.1 Oil ejecting test of emergency governor, testing once every

2-4 weeks the best;

6.2.4.2 Action test of main stop valve：Once a day


6.2.4.3 Electric auxiliary oil pump：Once a week

6.2.4.4 Action test of extraction valve：Once a week

6.3 Shutdown

6.3.1 Rated condition shutdown

6.3.1.1 The hot load and electric load shall be decreased uniformly.

The targets such as temperature drop and temperature difference

shall be monitored and controlled strictly. Pay attention to the

relative expansion value not to exceed -1mm.

6.3.1.2 Strengthen controlling for seal system

6.3.1.3 After parallel off and shutoff of main stop valve,

measure idling curve.

6.3.1.4 During shutdown, the heaters and circulating water pump

shall be cutoff. Then start auxiliary oil pump to do tests.

6.3.1.5 Put the tuning gear device into operation. After turning gear

continuously, then turn 180° per 15 minutes; after 2 hours turn 180°

per 30 minutes. If the temperature difference between the upper and

lower casing is 50℃, then turn 180° per 4 hours till cooling down

completely. To reduce operation, it can be changed to turn gear

continuously till cooling down completely. The suggestion that turn

gear continuously shall be adopted if needing start again in short

time after shutdown.

6.3.2 Slide condition shutdown：

To cool down the turbine quickly for overhaul early, slide condition

shutdown shall be adopted when operating under unit system mode.

The key points are proposed as the following:

6.3.2.1 Decrease the load properly to about 20000kW, then cutoff

hot load gradually.

6.3.2.2 The temperature and pressure of boiler shall be decreased,


and then the load shall drop correspondingly. The regulating valve

shall be made in state of full-open, the decreasing speed of

temperature and the temperature difference shall be controlled

within the allowed range.

6.3.2.3 Keep the temperature before the main stop valve to be 30 ℃

lower than that of the casing.

6.3.2.4 When the temperature of steam drops below 250 , the ℃

boiler can be put out of the fire. Make use of the waste heat of

boiler to decrease the load to zero and the generator shall parallel

off. To prevent the temperature of steam from dropping rapidly due

to decreasing temperature in boiler at the moment of flameout,

covering fire shall be adopted after putting out of the fire. Make use

of flue baffle to keep the decreasing speed of steam temperature.

When the speed is near 2000r/min, the open degree of regulating

valve shall be decreased to make the speed drop to 1000r/min ( the

shutdown method that stop the turbine in manual and put out of the

fire of the boiler at the same time and then parallel off for the

generator can also be adopted.)

6.4 Maintenance while shutdown

It is important to maintain the turbine while shutdown, which shall

affect the life-span of the turbine. Some key points are proposed as

the following:

6.4.1 Shutdown within 10 days;

6.4.1.1 Close tightly the steam pipeline and drainage system;

6.4.1.2 Input hot air or use air extractor regularly to make the inside

of turbine be dry.

6.4.1.3 The outer machined surface shall be coated with rust-proof

oil.


6.4.1.4 Rotate 1/3 cycle of the rotor every day, first start electric

lubricating oil pump when rotating.

6.4.2 Shutdown within three months (except the above mentioned,

some key points shall be added as the following): 6.4.2.1 Block up the end seal

6.4.2.2 Disassemble the parts of governing and safety system, coat

them with rust-proof oil.

6.4.2.3 When the speed is low (about 100r/min), coat the flow

section of turbine with Vaseline flowing with the steam.

6.4.3 Shutdown over three months：

It is required to remove the cover of casing and coat the surface of

flow section with protective oil.

6.5 Criterion for control of temperature raising and temperature

difference

During the process of starting, loading, decreasing load and

shutdown, the temperature difference of metal shall be controlled

strictly. The heat stress shall be out of the allowed range and results

in cracks due to the overlarge difference in temperature. It shall also

result in serious distortion under which the unit operates unsafely.

The difference in temperature is relative to the rate of temperature

rise.


Item Control criterion

Rate of temperature rise of steam before

main stop valve ( /min)℃ 2.8～3.2

Rate of temperature drop of steam before

main stop valve ( /min)℃ 2

Rate of temperature rise of outer wall of

main stop valve ( /min)℃ 4.6～5


main steam pipe ( /min)℃ 7

Rate of temperature rise of steam

chamber outer wall of regulating valve

( /min)℃

4.6～5

Rate of temperature rise of inner wall of

casing flange ( /min)℃ 4


casing flange ( /min)℃ 3

Temperature difference between the inner

and outer wall of casing flange ( )℃ Temperature rise＜120

Temperature drop＜80

Temperature difference between the

center of casing flange and bolts ( )℃ ≤35～50

Temperature difference between the

upper and lower casing ( )℃ ≤35～50

Temperature difference between the inner

and outer wall of casing ( )℃ Temperature rise＜80

Temperature drop＜40


6.6 Dealing with accident

6.6.1 The vacuum shall be damaged to shut down the steam turbine

emergently under the following conditions:

6.6.1.1 Strong vibration or bumping voice of metal in turbine occurs;

6.6.1.2 The speed rises to 3360r/min but the emergency governor

does not act;

6.6.1.3 Serious impact of water occurs and could not be eliminated

at once;

6.6.1.4 Seal at shaft end fires;

6.6.1.5 The oil of bearing breaks off or the temperature of return oil

is more than 75 or the bearing smokes;℃ 6.6.1.6 The oil system is on fire and there is no time to put out of the

fire;

6.6.1.7 The oil level in oil tank drops below the allowed value

suddenly;

6.6.1.8 The pressure of lubricating oil drops below 0.078MPa;

6.6.1.9 High pressure main steam pipe or other pipes break;

6.6.1.10The axial displacement of rotor is more than 1.2mm;

6.6.1.11 The generator smokes.

6.6.2 The steam turbine shall be shut down not damaging the

vacuum under the following conditions:

6.6.2.1 The temperature of main steam is higher than 545 or the ℃

steam pressure is higher than 9.8MPa and it could not be lowered at

once;

6.6.2.2 When the condenser operates normally, the pressure is

lower than 0.0387MPa and could not be recovered;

6.6.2.3 The valve rod of main stop valve is locked and could not

move;


6.6.2.4 The generator drives the steam turbine to rotate for 3

minutes in electromotor operation mode;

6.6.2.5 The rear casing exhausts to air.

7. Mark, package, storage and transportation 7.1 The nameplates shall be installed on obvious position of steam

turbine and its auxiliaries, and the manufacturer, product type, main

technical specifications and production date shall be marked on the

nameplates.

7.2 The operating parts and directing parts all have obvious and

distinguishable direction marks.

7.3 Painting and packing of steam turbine and its auxiliaries refer to

relative specifications of the factory.

7.4 The general packing list shall be set in the file box purpose

made in the first case. All equipment cases have file box with its

own packing list in it for inspection and acceptance. The attached

drawings and quality certificate shall be submitted to the user

delegate directly.

7.5 The manufacturer shall be responsible for the quality of oil seal

of steam turbine parts packed during the period of six months

dating from the production date. During the period the cases shall

not be damaged or destroyed accidentally in process of

transportation or storage, for example the damage due to collision

or water soaking.

7.6 The cases shall not move freely and collide with each other

during transportation, it is forbidden that large cases weight on little

cases.

7.7 When packing in manual, it is forbidden to roll the case and

prize the case plate with crowbar, only slide wood can be prized. It


is forbidden to push or pull the case down from high position to low

position.


8. Criterion for turbine using oil 8.1 The oil adopted in governing and lubricating system

shall be in accordance with the quality target 32 or 46

in national standard GB/T11120-1989 L-TSA turbine oil,

the details see the following table:

Item Quality target No.

Viscosity grade 32 46

Testing

method

Movement viscosity （ 40℃ ），

mm2/s 28.8～35.2

41.4～50.6

GB265

2 Viscosity index, not less than 90 90 GB1995

3 Pour point， ℃ no higher than ～7 ～7 GB3535

4 Flash point(open)， ℃ no lower than

180 180 GB3536

5 Density（20℃），kg/m3 Report Report GB1884GB1885

6 Acid value，mg KOH/g, not more than

− − GB264

7 Neutralization value，mg KOH/g not more than

Report Report GB4945

8 Machine impurity None None GB511

9 Moisture None None GB260

10 Destroy emulsification，(40−37−3)ml，54 ,℃ min not more than

15 15 GB7305

At 24 ℃ not more than

450% 450%

At 93 ℃ not more than

100% 100%

11

Bubbling test ml/ml

At 24 ℃ again not more than

450% 450%

SY2669

12 a. Total oxide % Report Report GB8119


b. Deposit % Report Report

12

stability

c. When acid value

reaches

2.0mgKOH/g after

oxidation，h not less

than

3000 9000

SY2680

13 Liquid phase rust corrosion test

（synthesize sea water）

Without

rust

Without

rust GB11143

14 Copper plate testing（100℃,3h）

grade not larger than

1 1 GB5096

15 Releasing value of air（50℃）

min not more than

5 6 SY2693


8.2 The oil adopted for high temperature friction part of turbine

regulating lever will be in accordance with the national standard

GB/T447-1994 oil used for steam cylinder, mineral oil, the

viscidity grade is 1000, and the details see the following table:

Item Quality

target

Category Mineral oilNo.

Viscidity grade 1000

Testing method

1 Movement viscidity

(100 ) mm℃ 2/s 30～40 GB/T265

2 Flash point(open), ,℃

not less than 260 GB/T267

GB/T3536

3 Pour point, ℃ not higher

than 20 GB/T3535

4 Remnant ash,

％ not more than 2.5 GB/T268

5 Ash,％ not more than 0.03 GB/T508

6 Machine impurity,

％ not more than 0.03 GB/T511

7 Asphalt content,

％ not more than 0.013 SH/T0266

8 Moisture,％ not more than 0.05 GB/T260

9 Water-solubility acid or

alkali None GB/T259


8.3 The oil used for instruments of rotating part shall be in

accordance with regulation SH/T0138-1994, the details see

the following table:

No. Item Target Testing method

1 Movement viscidity

(40 ) mm℃ 2/s 9～11 GB/T265-1988

2 Acid value，mg KOH/g

not more than 0.05 GB/T264-1983

3 Ash ％ not more than 0.005 GB/T508-1985

4 Water-solubility acid or

alkali None GB/T259-1988

5 Machine impurity,％

not more than None GB/T511-1988

6 Moisture ％

not more than None GB/T260-1977

7 Flash point(open), ,℃

no lower than 125 GB/T267-1983

8 Solidifying point,℃

no higher than －60 GB/T510-1983

Documents

Q4010N-SM(e)T1