Q4 DIGEST 2015 - eurocontrol.int · Intended for Detail ... during the year-end holiday period and an artificial rebound ... transport delay situation as seen from the airline and

Edition Number : CDA_2015_004

Edition Validity Date : 11/03/2016

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015

All-Causes Delay and Cancellations to Air Transport in Europe – Q4 2015

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015

Edition Validity Date: 11/03/2016 Edition: CDA_2015_004 Status: Released Issue ii

DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Document Title Document Subtitle (optional) Edition Number Edition Validity Date

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015 CDA_2015_004 11/03/2016

Abstract

Author(s)

Contact Person(s) Tel/email Unit

C. Walker +32 2 729 3391 NMD/PFR/FNI

STATUS AND ACCESSIBILITY

Status Accessible via

Working Draft � Intranet �

Draft � Extranet �

Proposed Issue � Internet (www.eurocontrol.int) �

Released Issue �

Intended for Detail

Red � Highly sensitive, non-disclosable information

Amber � Sensitive information with limited disclosure

Green � Normal business information

White � Public information

©2016 The European Organisation for the Safety of A ir Navigation (EUROCONTROL). This document is published by EUROCONTROL for informatio n purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part, provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale). The information in t his document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015

Edition Validity Date: 11/03/2016 Edition: CDA_2015_004 Status: Released Issue iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Operational data received directly from airlines by CODA describing delays from all causes illustrated a stable delay situation for the network during Q4 2015 compared to Q4 2014, despite a strong increase in traffic of 2.1% during the final quarter of 2015. The average delay per flight from all causes of delay r emained at 9.6 minutes per flight (see section 1). The percentage of flights delayed on departure was also stable this at 37% of flights delayed (>=5 minutes). Following stability in the average delay per flight a small increase in schedule buffering reduced the percentage of delayed arrivals. Consequently airline arrival punctuality improved, with 84% of flights arriving within 15 minutes or earlier than their scheduled arrival time (STA), compared to 83% in Q4 2014. The share of reactionary (knock-on) delay was unchanged with 44% of delay minutes (4.2 minutes of the 9.6 average delay per flight) reported compared to 44% in Q4 2014. Delays due to airline operations fell but remained the main cause of primary delay. These gains were cancelled out by airline reported en-route ATFCM delays increasing to 0.5 minutes per flight, with (En Route Air Traffic Organiser) ERATO training and implementation affecting airlines in Brest ACC. Other increases were due to airport operations delays including ATFCM, this increasing to 0.7 minutes per flight. Istanbul’s Ataturk and Sabiha Gökçen airports continued to experience heavy delays with both airports experiencing capacity delays on arrival throughout the quarter.

Operational cancellations decreased to 1.2% of planned flights in spite of a strike by Lufthansa cabin crew in November, with a reported 4,600 flights being cancelled during the period.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015

Edition Validity Date: 11/03/2016 Edition: CDA_2015_004 Status: Released Issue iv

DOCUMENT APPROVAL

Edition History

The following table records the complete history of the successive editions of the present document.

Edition History

Edition No. Edition Validity Date Author Reason

CDA_2015_004 26/02/2016 C Walker

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015

Edition Validity Date: 11/03/2016 Edition: CDA_2015_004 Status: Released Issue v

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................... ................................................................................................................ V

1 TRAFFIC AND AVERAGE DELAY PER FLIGHT OVERVIEW ............. ................................................... 1

2 Q4 2015 MONTHLY SUMMARY ............................. .................................................................................. 3

3 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT (DEPARTURE) ................ .................................................. 4

4 NM VERSUS AIRCRAFT OPERATOR EXPERIENCE OF DELAY ............... ........................................... 5

5 DISTRIBUTION OF ALL FLIGHTS BY LENGTH OF DELAY (PUNCTUALI TY) ...................................... 6

6 CODA OPERATIONAL FLIGHT CANCELLATION ANALYSIS ......... ...................................................... 8

7 CODA SCHEDULING INDICATORS .......................... ............................................................................ 10

8 CODA REACTIONARY DELAY ANALYSIS ........................ ................................................................... 11

9 AVERAGE DELAY PER FLIGHT BY HOUR .......................... ................................................................ 12

10 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT VS PERCENTAGE OF DELAYED FLIGHTS ... ............... 13

11 AVERAGE DELAY PER DELAYED FLIGHT (ARRIVAL) ................. ..................................................... 14

12 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED DEPARTURE AIRPORTS .................. ...................................................... 15

13 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED ARRIVAL AIRPORTS ................ ............................................................... 16

14 TOP 20 DELAY AFFECTED CITY PAIRS ........................ ...................................................................... 17

15 YEAR ON YEAR TRENDS IN ALL-CAUSES INDICATORS .............. .................................................... 18

16 CODA DELAY GROUPINGS ................................. ................................................................................. 20

17 CORRELATION BETWEEN IATA DELAY CODES AND THE NM REGULATION CO DES .................. 21

18 STANDARD IATA DELAY CODES ............................. ........................................................................... 22

19 STANDARD IATA DELAY CODE SUB-CODES (AHM731) .............. ..................................................... 24

20 CODA COVERAGE OF COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS IN ECAC REGION Q4 201 5 ................................... 25

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015

Edition Validity Date: 11/03/2016 Edition: CDA_2015_004 Status: Released Issue 1

1 Traffic and Average Delay per Flight Overview

Figure 1. Total Departures per Day in ESRA08

There were 2.1% more flights in ESRA08 in Q4 2015. Traffic significantly increased in December due to sustained rates during the year-end holiday period and an artificial rebound caused by industrial action in December 2014. Overall, Europe had 1.5% more flights in 2015 than 2014. There was sustained growth of almost 2% throughout the summer driven mainly by the low-cost sector, which grew at a rate of 5%. The full-fare sector, which makes up the majority of European airline traffic, just achieved a positive growth rate for the year. This growth matches the forecast published for Europe in February 2015.

Figure 2. Delay Causes Q4 2015 vs. Q4 2014

Q4 2015 saw an average delay per flight of 9.6 minutes for all-causes delay, the same as in Q4 2015. Analysis of the delay reasons shows that reactionary delays contributed the most to the average with a stable 4.2 minutes per flight. Airline-related delays fell to 2.7 minutes per flight.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


Figure 3. Primary Delay Causes Q4 2015 vs. Q4 2014

Total ATFCM delay increased to 1.5 minutes per flight with en-route restrictions mainly contributing to the overall increase and cancelling out gains made from the fall of airline delays.

Figure 4. Long Departure Delays >60 Minutes

Longer delays (those greater than 60 mins in orange) remained lower than 2014, except that November did see an increase in comparison to the previous year, having high weather and airport capacity delays.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


2 Q4 2015 Monthly Summary

Section 2 provides a more detailed month-by-month view, highlighting the particular causes and locations of all-causes delay.

October 2015. Operational data from airlines describing all-causes delay showed a stable delay situation for the network. Delays fell slightly, however it should be noted that traffic increased by 1.2%. The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) was 24 minutes. The percentage of delayed flights (>=5 minutes) on departure was 37%, a small increase of 1 percentage point when compared to the same month in 2014.

Both Istanbul Ataturk and Sabiha Gökçen airports suffered from airport capacity delays as well as weather delays. Amsterdam Schiphol, Paris Orly, Brussels, Rome Fiumicino, London Heathrow and Gatwick airports were also impacted by seasonal weather (strong winds, fog and thunderstorms). A French ATC industrial action (7 - 9 October) caused ATFM delays affecting Paris, Barcelona, Nicosia, Madrid, Maastricht, Karlsruhe, Tunis and Algiers ACC’s.

November 2015. Data from airlines describing all-causes delay showed that the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) increased by 14% to 25 minutes. The percentage of delayed flights (>=5 minutes) on departure also increased to 35%, when compared to the same month in 2014.

Low visibility and strong winds affected London Heathrow, London Gatwick, Amsterdam Schiphol and Frankfurt generating significant airport weather delays. Industrial action by cabin crew at Lufthansa (between 6 and 13 Nov) affected Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich and Dusseldorf airports. Lufthansa Group press release reported that 4,700 flights were cancelled. Istanbul Ataturk and Sabiha Gökçen airports continued to suffer from airport capacity delays.

December 2015. Data from airlines describing all-causes delay showed that the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) decreased by 2 minutes to 29 minutes, this improvement coinciding with a large increase in traffic. The percentage of delayed flights (>=5 minutes) on departure was 39% a decrease of 5 percentage points when compared to December 2014.

Implementation of ERATO ATM system in Brest ACC generated significant en-route ATFM delays with additional effects on Madrid, Paris, Seville and Canarias ACCs. Seasonal weather impacted operations at Geneva, Zurich, Vienna, Amsterdam, London Heathrow, Oslo, Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen and Istanbul Ataturk airports.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


3 Average Delay per Delayed Flight (Departure)

The percentage of flights delay on departure (>=5 minutes) remained stable at 37%. Regarding the average delay per flight in Figure 5, lower delays in October and December can be observed, the exception being November where delay increased with weather and airport capacity delays. The average delay per delayed (ADD) flight was 26.1 minutes per flight, this remained stable and was just below the 5-year average.

Figure 5. Average Delay per Flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 6. Average Delay per Delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 7. Percentage of Delayed Flights (All-Causes) for Departures

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


4 NM Versus Aircraft Operator Experience of Delay

Figure 8. Breakdown of Average Delay per Flight Q4 2015 vs. Q4 2014 (Network Manager vs. Aircraft Operator)

This section presents the air transport delay situation as seen from the airline and passenger viewpoint (the difference between the scheduled time of departure and the actual time of departure from the gate). Data coverage is 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region for Q4 2015 and illustrates the stability in the delay situation for the quarter. ATFCM delays reported by airlines are lower than the NM-calculated ATFCM delays due to difference in methods: ATFM delays calculated by NM are the (flight) planned “delays” based on restrictions applied; the airlines report the “actual” experienced ATFCM delay on departure. For instance, a flight with an ATFM restriction may also have a handling delay absorbed within the ATFM restriction. For the airline, a part of this delay is the ATFM delay and the rest is the handling delay. Further analysis of airline data shows that the average en-route ATFCM delay from all-causes was 0.5 minutes per flight, this was lower in comparison to the NM recorded average en-route ATFM delay of 0.6 minutes per flight.

As reported by the airlines, primary delays (eg. passenger and ramp handling delays) counted for 56% (5.4 min/flt) of which (0.5 min/flt) was attributed to en-route ATFCM restrictions, with reactionary delays representing the remaining share of 44% of (4.2 min/flt), bringing us back to the 9.6 mins reported in previous sections.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


5 Distribution of All Flights by Length of Delay (P unctuality)

Airline arrival punctuality improved with 84% of flights arriving within 15 minutes or earlier than their scheduled arrival time (STA), compared to 83% in Q4 2014.

In Q4 2015 departure punctuality levels remained stable, with 45% of flights departing within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time (STD) when compared to Q4 2014. Flights delayed >30 minutes from all-causes decreased by 0.1 percentage points during the quarter. Figure 9. All-Causes Departure and Arrival Punctuality Q4 2014 vs.Q4 2015

In regard to arrival punctuality, 26% of flights arrived ‘on time’ within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled arrival time.

Flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule increased to 11%. This high share may affect airport (stand availability) and air traffic flow management operations (demand shifts) in the event of aircraft frequently arriving excessively ahead of their schedule.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


Figure 10. Top 50* Airlines by Arrival On-Time Perfor mance Q4 2015

*The top 50 airlines reporting to CODA by number of flights. Arrival punctuality is calculated as the share of flights arriving within 15 minutes of the scheduled time (time of arrival at gate)

During the quarter, 24 airlines saw more than 85% of their flights arrive within 15 minutes of the scheduled time of arrival vs. 21 airlines in Q4 2014.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


6 CODA Operational Flight Cancellation Analysis

This section is based on data supplied by airports as per Annex IV of EC Regulation N° 691/2010. These preliminary results are based on operational cancellation data supplied by 30 of the 50 European coordinated airports reporting to CODA under EC Regulation N° 390/2013. Albeit based on data supplied by a restricted list (see the conditions below) of major European airports, these preliminary results already give a good indication of trends and effects of Network events like industrial actions or extreme weather. The IFR flight coverage at the individual airports included in this analysis reaches 100%. Those airports currently unable to report operational cancellations in the required data format or those not meeting all of the criteria for operational cancellations were excluded from the analysis.

According to Annex IV of EC Regulation N°390/2013 an ‘Operational Cancellation’ means an arrival or departure scheduled flight to which the following conditions apply:

• The flight received an airport slot, and

• The flight was confirmed by the air carrier the day before operations and/or it was contained in the daily list of flight schedules produced by the airport operator the day before of operations, but

• The actual landing or take-off never occurred.

Therefore this section of the CODA Digest reports on monthly and daily shares of operational cancellations of the total planned flights at day -1. Like delays, operational cancellations provide an insight into the impact of network events and associated disruption; e.g. industrial action or extreme weather events.

Figure 11. Monthly Rate of Operational Cancellations Q4 2014 – Q4 2015

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


Figure 12. Average Daily Cancellation Q4 2014 – 2015

Figure 11 shows the monthly rate of operational cancellations and Figure 12 provides the detail of cancellations by day from October 2014 to the end of December 2015. In Q4 2015 an operational cancellation rate of 1.4% was observed (see figure 11), compared to 1.8% in Q4 2014. In a similar pattern to Q4 2014, industrial action by cabin crew at Lufthansa occurred. This time in November with a reported 4,600 flights being cancelled. December saw a lower and more normal cancellation rate of 1.4% compared to December 2014 where industrial action occurred in Belgium and Italy.

Further historical details regarding operational cancellations in 2014 and 2015 can be found in the CODA Annual Digest 2014 and Q2 2015 report.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


7 CODA Scheduling Indicators

Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival they cause reactionary delays. Schedule padding is essential for air carriers in order to find schedules which work with the typical patterns of delay, so that they can deliver passengers on time, and get maximum use out of their aircraft. Consequently when delays decrease it takes one or two (IATA) seasons for the airline to adapt its schedule accordingly. The Performance Review Report 2014 also shows the cost of tactical and strategic delay to airlines. Two CODA scheduling indicators help airline schedulers determine the optimal schedule based on historical flight data: The Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) or the difference between departure and arrival punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes. The European DDI-F in Q4 2015 was -4.1 minutes, this was an increase of 0.5 minutes schedule buffering per flight when compared to Q4 2014. The Block Time Overshoot (BTO) is the percentage of flights with an actual block time which exceeds the scheduled block time. The European BTO in Q4 2015 was 28%, this was an improvement compared to Q4 2014, indicating that fewer flights had an actual block time exceeding their scheduled block time during the quarter. Putting these two together the net effect was a slight increase in schedule buffering which, as we saw in section 5 led to a slight improvement in punctuality.

Figure 13. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) and Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) 2014 – Q4 2015

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


8 CODA Reactionary Delay Analysis

In Q4 2015 the share of reactionary delay was stable and represented 44% of delay minutes contributing 4.2 minutes per flight. Reactionary delays are generated as a result of an aircraft’s late arrival from a previous flight which in turn affects the punctuality of its next flight with the same aircraft, as well as potentially delaying connecting passengers. See IATA Standard Delay Codes section for an overview of the IATA reactionary delay codes. Subsequently there are two types of reactionary delays: firstly as a result of the same aircraft being delayed on its next flight (rotational delay) and secondly when another aircraft is delayed as a result of another aircraft typically through passengers, crew and load connection (non-rotational delays).

This section concentrates on IATA delay code 93 rotational delays, as these have a significant share of overall reactionary delays (approximately 90%) and the largest effect on network performance and passenger experience. In Figure 14 analysis shows that the median number of scheduled flights per sequence for an aircraft in Q4 2015 is 3. The change to IATA winter season can be observed in the graph where the median fell to 3 in November and December, as fewer flights may be scheduled during this period. This also highlights that with the shorter sequences of reactionary delay in winter, the network is naturally more resilient in the winter season. The percentage share of rotational delay in Q4 2015 was 39%.

Figure 14. Median Scheduled Flight Sequence Depth and Share of Reactionary Departure Delay on Intra European Flights: October 2014 – December 2015

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


9 Average Delay per Flight by Hour

Figure 15. Breakdown of the Average Delay per Flight by Hour of the Day Q4 2015 (top) vs. Q4 2014 (bottom)

During the first rotation phase (between 0300 and 0900 UTC) Figure 15 shows a notable higher share of en-route related delay in the morning when compared to Q4 2014 with its share at or just under 10% during the first rotation phase at 0500 with flights routing through ERATO affected airspace in the morning. This in turn has pushed reactionary delay minutes to over 60% share by the end of the operational day (2100UTC). Figure 15 also illustrates how airline delay share was a little lower in the quarter.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


10 Average Delay per Delayed Flight vs Percentage o f Delayed Flights

Figure 16. ADD vs. PDF on Departure

Figure 17. ADD vs. PDF on Arrival

The average delay per delayed (ADD) flight was 26.1 minutes per flight, this was stable when compared to Q4 2014 where the ADD was 26.1 minutes as well. 37.0% of flights were delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) this was also stable in comparison to that observed in Q4 2014 the only exception being November 2015 were higher delays were observed, there was also less month to month variation in 2015.

Regarding arrivals, the average delay per delayed arrival in Q4 2015 was 26.9 minutes (compared to 28.2 minutes per flight in Q4 2014). The percentage of delayed flights on arrival decreased to 32.8% compared to 34.4% in Q4 2014.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


11 Average Delay per Delayed Flight (Arrival)

The average delay per delayed flight on arrival from all-causes was 26.9 minutes per flight in Q4 2015 a fall of 1.3 minutes per flight. A small increase in schedule buffering reduced the percentage of delayed arrivals by 1.6 percentage points to 32.8% in comparison to Q4 2015, the lowest for 5 years.

Figure 18. Average Delay per Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 19. Average Delay per delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 20. Percentage of Delayed Flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


12 Top 20 Delay Affected Departure Airports

Figure 21. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports Q4 2015

Istanbul-Ataturk saw an average delay per departure of 17.8 minutes with airport capacity delays and weather being observed in all three months of the quarter. London Luton saw flights delayed by en-route delays in France as part of the ERATO training and implementation, in turn these created reactionary delays on subsequent flights. A few airlines flight planned around Brest to avoid delay, however this would increase flight times with block time overshoot being inevitable.

Figure 22. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports

Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code Average delay per departure

(mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change

Average Delay per Delayed

Departure

Percentage of Delayed Departures

1 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 17.8 2% 34.8 51.2%

2 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 13.4 . 27.5 48.9%

3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 13.4 1% 28.2 47.3%

4 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 12.9 -4% 22.7 56.9%

5 MALAGA LEMG 12.8 36% 27.1 47.2%

6 LAS PALMAS GCLP 12.6 16% 30.6 41.1%

7 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.0 -0% 28.5 42.2%

8 GENEVE COINTRIN LSGG 11.1 13% 28.7 38.6%

9 LISBOA LPPT 11.0 -30% 27.1 40.7%

10 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 11.0 6% 29.1 37.8%

11 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 10.6 -21% 24.5 43.3%

12 KOELN-BONN EDDK 10.5 6% 25.7 41.0%

13 PARIS CH DE GAULLE LFPG 10.4 -9% 23.1 45.1%

14 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 10.4 18% 23.9 43.4%

15 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 10.3 -2% 27.9 37.0%

16 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM EHAM 10.2 -9% 24.4 42.0%

17 EDINBURGH EGPH 9.9 6% 27.6 35.7%

18 BRUSSELS NATIONAL EBBR 9.8 -5% 22.4 43.8%

19 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 9.6 25% 25.3 38.1%

20 ZURICH LSZH 9.4 -19% 18.9 49.7%

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


13 Top 20 Delay Affected Arrival Airports

Figure 23. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports Q4 2015

The worsening delay situation in Istanbul can be seen in Figure 23, with Istanbul Ataturk and Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen airports experiencing airport capacity and reactionary delays. Arrivals at London Gatwick mainly suffered from reactionary delays. London Heathrow was affected by weather throughout the quarter. Delays in Lisbon show signs of improving with the airport seeing a 33% fall in its average delay per flight following improvements in airline performance.

Figure 24. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports

Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code Average delay per

Flight (mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change

Average Delay per

Delayed Arrival

Percentage of Delayed

Arrivals

1 ISTANBUL/SABIHA LTFJ 15.8 18% 31.2 50.9%

2 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 15.5 16% 38.7 40.0%

3 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 12.9 -9% 30.6 42.2%

4 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 12.8 21% 31.1 41.1%

5 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 12.2 -10% 30.8 39.5%

6 GENEVE COINTRIN LSGG 11.7 26% 31.4 37.2%

7 OTOPENI-INTL. LROP 11.6 20% 28.1 41.3%

8 DUBLIN EIDW 11.5 19% 29.0 39.8%

9 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 11.0 -2% 38.5 28.7%

10 MANCHESTER EGCC 10.8 -2% 31.6 34.0%

11 LISBOA LPPT 10.4 -33% 29.3 35.5%

12 LAS PALMAS GCLP 10.0 1% 26.9 37.4%

13 KOELN-BONN EDDK 9.9 -2% 28.4 34.7%

14 MALAGA LEMG 9.6 17% 27.1 35.4%

15 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 9.4 -4% 29.7 31.8%

16 EDINBURGH EGPH 9.4 -5% 27.4 34.1%

17 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM EHAM 9.0 -5% 32.7 27.4%

18 BRUSSELS NATIONAL EBBR 8.7 -10% 25.0 34.6%

19 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 8.6 14% 25.9 33.4%

20 ANKARA-ESENBOGA LTAC 8.6 10% 21.4 40.3%

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


14 Top 20 Delay Affected City Pairs

Figure 25. All-Causes Delay Situation for the 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs Q4 2015

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average Delay Per Departure

Change since

Previous Period

Average Delay Per Delayed Departure

Percentage Delayed Departures

1 ROME FIUMICINO CATANIA FONTANAROSSA

14.9 -8% 24.7 60.3%

2 CATANIA FONTANAROSSA

ROME FIUMICINO 14.1 12% 31.6 44.7%

3 ROME FIUMICINO PALERMO PUNTA RAISI 13.7 7% 24.0 57.1%

4 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN-MENDERES

13.7 -54% 28.8 47.4%

5 AMSTERDAM SCHIPHOL

LONDON/HEATHROW 13.4 8% 31.7 42.3%

6 LONDON/HEATHROW ZURICH 13.0 -17% 22.3 58.3%

7 LONDON/HEATHROW MADRID BARAJAS 13.0 3% 28.0 46.3%

8 ZURICH LONDON/HEATHROW 12.4 -2% 23.7 52.4%

9 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 12.2 -36% 28.3 43.3%

10 LONDON/HEATHROW MUNICH 12.1 -21% 24.1 50.2%

11 PARIS CH DE GAULLE LONDON/HEATHROW 11.9 24% 25.3 47.3%

12 MADRID BARAJAS LONDON/HEATHROW 11.7 36% 29.6 39.6%

13 GENEVA LONDON/HEATHROW 11.4 1% 27.8 41.1%

14 DUBLIN LONDON/HEATHROW 11.4 3% 30.6 37.4%

15 LONDON/HEATHROW DUBLIN 11.0 -15% 27.9 39.3%

16 FRANKFURT MAIN LONDON/HEATHROW 10.9 -16% 22.4 48.6%

17 MUNICH LONDON/HEATHROW 10.9 20% 24.0 45.4%

18 LONDON/HEATHROW FRANKFURT MAIN 10.8 -33% 22.7 47.5%

19 LONDON/HEATHROW AMSTERDAM SCHIPHOL 10.1 3% 27.2 37.2%

20 LONDON/HEATHROW GENEVA 10.0 -20% 23.5 42.7%

Analysis of the Top 20 delayed city pairs show that flights from Rome Fiumicino to Catania experienced delays with an average delay per flight of 25 minutes per flight. Flights on this pair suffered from reactionary delays with airlines operating high frequency domestic operations, the tightly packed schedules are susceptible to reactionary delays as space in the schedule (or firebreaks) are not present to absorb delays.

High frequency domestic city pairs in Turkey can also be seen with flights between Istanbul Ataturk, Ankara and Izmir experiencing delays following the capacity and weather delays in the Istanbul TMA, however delays fell in comparison to Q4 2015.

The weather delays at London Heathrow are also notable in the Top 20, with the airport appearing 15 times predominantly on arrival.

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


15 Year on Year Trends in All-Causes Indicators

This section summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all-causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in Q4 2015.

Figure 26 Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures top, arrivals bottom)

Figure 27. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures top, arrivals bottom)

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


Figure 28. Percentage of flights delayed >15mins for all-causes (departures top, arrivals bottom)

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


16 CODA Delay Groupings

CODA CAUSE Description IATA Code

Prim

ary

Del

ay C

ause

s

Airline

Passenger and Baggage 11-19

Cargo and Mail 21-29

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31-39

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41-48

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51-58

Flight Operations and Crewing 61-69

Other Airline Related Causes Others

Airport

ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83

Airport Facilities 87

Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88

Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89

En-Route ATFM due to ATC En-Route Demand / Capacity 81

ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En-Route 82

Governmental Security and Immigration 85-86

Weather Weather (other than ATFM) 71-77

ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98-99

Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91-96

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


17 Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the NM Regulation Codes

Note: updated version published in the ATFCM Users Manual 18.1.11

1 http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/content/documents/nm/network-operations/HANDBOOK/atfcm-users-

manual-current.pdf

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


18 Standard IATA Delay Codes

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing

personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax

manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal

maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight

landing, collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-

loading damage, contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM

Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby

(flight deck or entire crew)

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc.

65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and

standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa,

health documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of

equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

Air Traffic Flow Management Restrictions 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or

staff shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area

83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION

Airport and Government Authorities 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction,

industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS,

including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction

or weather2, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special

flights

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than

technical

Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

2 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


19 Standard IATA Delay Code Sub-Codes (AHM731)

73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, r educed capacity caused by industrial

action or shortage or equipment failure, extr aordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area

Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, air port and/or runway closed

due to obstruction, industrial action, staff short age, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp c ongestion, lighting, buildings, gate

limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS,

including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushb ack, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather.

Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from an other flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


20 CODA Coverage of Commercial Flights in ECAC Regi on Q4 2015

Can

ary

Isla

nds

Network Manager

CODA DIGEST Q4 2015


DOCUMENT FINAL PAGE

Documents

Q4 DIGEST 2015 - eurocontrol.int · Intended for Detail ... during the year-end holiday period and an artificial rebound ... transport delay situation as seen from the airline and