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Q:7. How does the second law of thermodynamics apply to ecosystems?◦ Energy is transformed into work, and some energy
is always dissipated (lost to the environment) as waste heat
Q:8. Define Steady State Equilibrium:◦ Continuous inputs and outputs of energy and
matter, but the system as a whole remains in a more-or-loess constant state
Q:9. Is the following an example of steady-state equilibrium or static equilibrium?◦ The maintenance of a constant body
temperature
◦ Steady-state
Q: 12. True or FalseA stable ecosystem is made up of a wide
range of micro-organisms, plants, and animals
TRUE!
Q: 14. A desert with very low precipitation and little vegetation is an example of which type of system?A. Open
B. Closed
C. Isolated
D. Closed and isolated
Q: 15. A population of organisms the size of which remains approximately constant, but which fluctuates over the short term, may be described as being in a state of:A. Static equilibrium
B. Positive feedback
C. Stable equilibrium
D. Demographic transition
Q: 16. Of what is the diagram an example of?
A. Negative feedbackB. Positive feedbackC. Steady-state equilibriumD. Static equilibrium
Less energy reflected
Global warming
Ice-caps melt
Increased global temperature
Q: 17. Outline what is meant by a model.A simplified description; designed to show
the structure or workings of an object, system or concept
Q: 18. Which is an example of negative feedback?A. Loss of vegetation, leading to soil erosion, leading
to further loss of vegetation
B. Animals failing to reproduce when food is abundant
C. More carbon dioxide favoring plant growth, so plants absorb more carbon dioxide
D. A population of small mammals in a forest decreasing due to a fire.
Q: 19. In your own words, describe James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis:
Compares the earth to a living organism in which feedback mechanisms maintain equilibrium
Q: 20. Models help us do all of the following except:
A. Represent complexity of reality in a simpler way
B. Understand processes which are difficultC. Predict, with perfect accuracy, the behavior
of a systemD. Assess multiple interactions individually
and as a whole