Q1. The diagram shows a plant cell.

(a) Give the name of part A.

.............................................................

Give the function of part A.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ 2 marks

(b) Give the name of part E.

..............................................................

Give the function of part E.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ 2 marks

(c) Give the letters of two parts that are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.

.................. and .................. 1 mark

(d) How can you tell that the cell in the diagram is from a leaf and not from a root?

................................................................................................................ 1 mark

maximum 6 marks

Q2. (a) The drawings below show a stoat in summer and in winter.

stoat in summer stoat in winter

In winter the ground is often covered by snow or frost. During this part of the year a stoat’s fur is white. Suggest two ways its white coat helps a stoat to survive in the winter.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 2 marks

(b) The diagram shows the family tree for a family of rabbits.

Use words from the list below to complete the sentences.

adapt cytoplasm genes grow inherit

letters membrane mutate nuclei

Rabbits have the same fur colour all year round.

Young rabbits ............................................ fur colour from their parents.

Information about fur colour is passed on from one generation to

the next in the form of ................................... in the ..................................... of

an egg and sperm. 3 marks

Maximum 5 marks

Q3. The flow chart shows how zinc sulphate can be obtained.

(a) In the reaction zinc oxide → zinc an element is removed from zinc oxide to leave zinc. Give the name of the element.

........................................................ 1 mark

(b) (i) Zinc sulphate can be made in a reaction between zinc and an acid. Give the name of the acid.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) In the reaction between zinc and the acid, hydrogen is formed. Describe the test for hydrogen and the result if hydrogen is present.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(iii) How can crystals of zinc sulphate be formed from a dilute solution of zinc sulphate?

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

Maximum 4 marks

Q4. A reactivity series of elements is shown below.

sodium

calcium

magnesium

aluminium

carbon

zinc

iron

tin

lead

copper

The method of obtaining a metal from its oxide depends on the reactivity of the metal.

(a) What is the method of obtaining zinc, iron, tin and lead?

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) When sodium is obtained, great care is taken to prevent air coming into contact with sodium. Give a reason for this.

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) The diagram below shows a steel pipe which has been repaired. At the point of repair, another metal has been attached by a steel wire. This metal is more reactive than iron, from which steel is made. The block of metal corrodes instead of the steel of the pipe.

(i) Name a metal from the reactivity series above which is suitable for this purpose.

.................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Name a metal from the reactivity series above which is unsuitable for this purpose and explain why it is unsuitable.

Name of metal ...................................................................................

It is unsuitable because .....................................................................

............................................................................................................ 1 mark

(d) Jam is made from fruit which contains natural acids.

(i) Aluminium is high in the reactivity series. Suggest why aluminium saucepans should not be used for making jam.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ 1 mark

(ii) Tin-plated steel is used for jam-making pans. Suggest why the steel is tin plated.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ 1 mark

Maximum 6 marks

Q5. The diagram represents a conductor. It has equal numbers of positive and negative charges.

(a) In the diagram, the + signs and the – signs are shown throughout the conductor. This represents the pattern of positive and negative charges in a real conductor. Why are the charges spread out instead of forming areas of positive charge and areas of negative charge?

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

A negatively charged object is brought near to the conductor. This changes the position of charges in the conductor.

(b) (i) On the diagram below, draw the new pattern of positive and negative charges in the conductor.

2 marks

(ii) Why does the pattern of positive and negative charges change in this way?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(c) One end of the conductor is attracted to the negativity charged object and the other end is repelled.

The force of attraction is larger than the force of repulsion. Explain why.

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

Maximum 5 marks

Q6. The drawing below shows a garden water feature. It is solar-powered.

The solar cell absorbs energy from the Sun. The solar cell is connected to a motor in the bowl. The motor drives a pump. Water is pumped up to the jug and it flows back down to the bowl.

(a) Use the information above to help you to complete the following sentences. Choose words from the list.

(i) The useful energy change in the solar cell is from light to .................................... energy.

1 mark

(ii) The useful energy change in the motor is from electrical energy to .................................... energy.

1 mark

(iii) As the water flows from the jug to the bowl ....................................... energy is changed into .................................... energy.

2 marks

(b) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a solar cell to power the water feature.

advantage ....................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

disadvantage ................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

maximum 6 marks

Q7. Peter measured the current through each of three similar bulbs in a parallel circuit.

He had only one ammeter and he placed it first at A1, then A2, then A3, in order to measure the currents.

The table shows his results.

position of ammeter current, in amps

A1 0.14

A2 0.16

A3 0.15

(a) He expected the current readings to be the same for each bulb but found they were different.

Suggest two reasons why the readings were different.

1. ................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................ 2 marks

(b) Peter then measured the current at A4 and recorded it as 0.45 A. He concluded that the current at A4 could be calculated by adding together the currents through each of the bulbs at positions A1, A2 and A3.

He added two more similar bulbs to his circuit, in parallel. The current through

each bulb was 0.15 A. Use Peter's conclusion to predict the current at A4 with the 5 bulbs in the circuit.

................ A

1 mark

(c) Peter left the circuit connected overnight. He used a datalogger to measure the current at position A4 at regular intervals of time. The next morning the bulbs were dim.

Using the axes below, sketch (do not plot) how the current at position A4 might change with time.

Indicate on the graph:

(i) The correct labels for each axis, including the correct units.

(ii) The shape of the graph you would expect to obtain.

2 marks

Maximum 5 marks

Q8.

Alex makes an electromagnet. She winds insulated wire around an iron nail. She connects the wire to a power supply. She uses the electromagnet to pick up some steel paper-clips.

This is her prediction.

The more turns of wire around the iron nail the stronger the electromagnet becomes.

(a) (i) Give the one factor she should change as she investigates her prediction.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Give one factor she should keep the same.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(iii) Describe how she could use the paper-clips to measure the strength of the electromagnet.

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(b) Alex wrote a report of her investigation.

What would an odd result suggest?

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) (i) Which size paper-clips would Alex use to make her results more accurate? Tick the correct box.

1 mark

(ii) Give a reason for your choice.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

maximum 6 marks

Q9. A test tube of crushed ice is taken out of a freezer and left in a warm room. The graph shows how the temperature in the test tube changes.

(a) What is happening to the ice at stage B?

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) Why does the temperature of the water stop rising at 23°C (stage D)?

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) Four descriptions of the ways molecules could move are given below.

They vibrate around fixed points.

They move past each other and are close together.

They move in straight lines, colliding occasionally.

They all move in the same direction at the same speed.

(i) How do the molecules move at stage A? Write A in the correct box above.

1 mark

(ii) How do the molecules move at stage C? Write C in the correct box above.

1 mark

(d) Ice from a freezer is put in a glass of water at room temperature. The ice floats in the water.

(i) What does this show about the density of the ice compared to that of water?

Tick the correct box.

Ice is more dense than water.

Ice and water have the same density.

Ice is less dense than water.

Ice has a density of zero. 1 mark

(ii) The fact that ice floats in water tells us something about the distances between the molecules.

Tick the box by the correct statement.

The molecules are further apart in ice than in water.

The molecules are the same distance apart in ice and in water.

The molecules are closer together in ice than in water. 1 mark

Maximum 6 marks

Q10. Imran built a puzzle circuit with three identical bulbs and a 3V battery. He covered the connections to the bulbs with a piece of card as shown below. The bulbs could be seen through holes in the card.

All the bulbs were on but their brightness was different.

Lucy removed bulbs A, B and C in turn. Before connecting each bulb back into the circuit she observed the effect on the other two bulbs. She recorded her observations in the table below.

bulb removed observations

A B and C stayed on

B C went off A stayed on

C B went off A stayed on

(a) Complete the circuit diagram below to show how the three bulbs could be connected. Use your knowledge of series and parallel circuits, and the observations in the table to help you.

2 marks

(b) Imran used three identical bulbs but their brightness was different.

Which bulb was the brightest? Give the letter.

...............

Give the reason for your choice.

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) Imran added a switch to the circuit so that he could turn all three bulbs on and off at the same time.

Place a letter S on your circuit diagram where this switch could be placed. 1 mark

maximum 4 marks

Q11. This question is about four chemical elements.

(a) The melting points and boiling points of the four elements are shown in the table. Complete the table to give the physical state, solid, liquid or gas, of each element at room temperature, 21°C.

element melting point in °C

boiling point in °C

physical state at room temperature, 21°C

bromine –7 59

chlorine –101 –34

fluorine –220 –188

iodine 114 184

4 marks

(b) Bromine can be a solid, a liquid or a gas depending on the temperature. In which physical state will 10 g of bromine store the most thermal energy?

.................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) Is bromine a solid, a liquid or a gas when the arrangement of particles is:

(i) far apart and random? ....................................................................... 1 mark

(ii) close together but random? ............................................................... 1 mark

(iii) close together in a regular pattern? ................................................... 1 mark

Maximum 8 marks

Q12. Ben put a beaker weighing 50 g on a balance. He added 50 g of dilute hydrochloric acid and 2.5 g of calcium carbonate to the beaker. The total mass of the beaker and its contents was 102.5 g.

(a) The hydrochloric acid reacted with the calcium carbonate. How could Ben tell that a chemical reaction was taking place in the beaker?

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) The word equation for the reaction which took place is:

hydrochloric

acid +

calcium carbonate

calcium chloride +

carbon dioxide + water

When the reaction stopped, the total mass had decreased from 102.5 g to 101.4 g. Some water had evaporated from the beaker. What else caused the drop in mass? Use the word equation to help you answer the question.

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) When the reaction stopped, Ben tested the contents of the beaker with universal indicator paper. The calcium carbonate had neutralised the acid. What is the colour of universal indicator paper in a neutral solution?

.......................................... 1 mark

(d) Which two materials in the list below are mainly calcium carbonate? Tick the two correct boxes.

coal

glass

limestone

marble

sandstone

2 marks

(e) Metals react with acids. What gas is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?

..................................................... 1 mark

Maximum 6 marks

Q13. (a) (i) Air contains nitrogen.

In the box below draw five circles, , to show the arrangement of particles in nitrogen gas.

1 mark

(ii) Zeena carries a personal emergency alarm. It uses nitrogen gas to produce a very loud sound.

The nitrogen gas in the container is under much higher pressure than the nitrogen gas in the air.

How does the arrangement of nitrogen particles change when the gas is under higher pressure?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(b) Use words from the boxes below to complete the sentence.

The rate at which the nitrogen particles hit the inside of the container is .................................... the rate at which nitrogen particles hit the outside of the container.

1 mark

(c) Zeena pushes the lid down and nitrogen gas escapes through the diaphragm. The diaphragm vibrates and produces a sound.

The pattern on the oscilloscope screen below represents the soundwave produced by the alarm.

(i) The loudness of the sound produced by the alarm decreases between X and Y.

How can you tell this from the graph?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) The pitch of the sound produced by the alarm stays the same between X and Y.

How can you tell this from the graph?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q14. The diagram below shows an organism called Euglena. It is made of only one cell. It lives in ponds and streams. Euglena have features of both plants and animals.

(a) Look at the diagram of Euglena.

Give two pieces of evidence which suggest it is an animal cell and not a plant cell.

1. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark

2. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) Plant cells can carry out photosynthesis. How can you tell from the diagram that Euglena can carry out photosynthesis?

........................................................................................................................ 1 mark

(c) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.

carbon dioxide + ................................... → glucose + ................................... 2 marks

maximum 5 marks

Q15. A teacher set up the following apparatus behind a safety screen. She placed 1 g of icing sugar in the end of the rubber tubing inside the tin, as shown below.

The teacher blew through the other end of the rubber tubing.

The icing sugar came into contact with the flame. There was a loud explosion and the lid was blown off the tin.

(a) Complete the following sentence describing the energy changes which took place.

........................................... energy in the icing sugar changed to

............................................. energy and ............................... energy. 3 marks

(b) As a result of the explosion, the lid of the tin was pushed off. Explain what had happened to the gas molecules inside the tin to make this happen.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 2 marks

(c) When icing sugar is burned in this experiment, the gas used and the gas produced are the same as when energy is released from sugar in the cells of the body.

(i) Which gas, in the air, is used when the icing sugar burns?

................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Give the name of the gas produced when the icing sugar burns.

................................................... 1 mark

(d) The table below shows the energy values of four food substances.

food substance energy value, in kJ per 100 g

icing sugar 1680

curry powder 979

flour 1450

custard powder 630

The teacher repeated the experiment with 1 g of custard powder. What difference would this make to the experiment?

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... 1 mark

Maximum 8 marks

Q16. (a) Methane can be a gas, a liquid or a solid. In the diagram below, arrows P, Q, R and

S represent changes of state.

The boxes on the right show the arrangement of particles of methane in the three different physical states. Each circle represents a particle of methane.

(i) Draw a line from each physical state of methane to the arrangement of particles in that physical state. Draw only three lines.

1 mark

(ii) Arrows P, Q, R and S represent changes of state. Which arrow represents:

evaporation? ............................................................

melting? ................................................................... 2 marks

(b) Methane is the main compound in natural gas. The scale below shows the melting point and the boiling point of methane.

Methane has three physical states: solid, liquid and gas.

(i) What is the physical state of methane at –170°C?

............................................................. 1 mark

(ii) The formula of methane is CH4. The symbols for the two elements in methane are C and H.

Give the names of these two elements.

element C .............................................

element H ............................................ 2 marks

(iii) When methane burns, it reacts with oxygen. One of the products is water, H2O.

Give the name of the other product.

.............................................................. 1 mark

Maximum 7 marks

Q17. (a) The diagram below shows part of the periodic table of elements.

The shaded area contains only metal elements.

Two other areas also contain only metal elements.

Which areas contain only metal elements? Tick the two correct boxes.

A B C D E 1 mark

(b) Copper is a metal.

At room temperature copper is a strong solid. Give two other properties of copper that show it is a metal.

1. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark

2. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) When copper metal is heated it reacts with a gas in air.

What is the chemical name of the product formed when copper reacts with a gas in

air?

...................................................... 1 mark

(d) Which statement below describes what happens in a chemical change but not in a

physical change?

Tick the correct box.

The product is a solid.

The change only happens at a high temperature.

The atoms have combined in a different way to make a new substance.

The types of atoms at the start are the same as in the end product.

1 mark maximum 5 marks

Q18. Matthew measured the pH of different soils.

(a) Tick one box in each row to show if each soil is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

soil pH of soil acidic neutral alkaline

A 4.5

B 5.5

C 6.3

D 7.0

E 7.8

2 marks

(b) A hydrangea is a flowering plant. Matthew notices that the colour of hydrangea flowers is different for plants grown in different places.

He records the colour of the flowers on each plant.

His results are shown in the table below.

soil pH

of soil

colour of flowers

blue violet light pink dark pink

A 4.5

B 5.5

C 6.3

D 7.0

E 7.8

Look at Matthew’s results. Do his results support the statement that the colour of hydrangea flowers depends on pH?

yes no

Explain your answer.

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) Matthew measured the pH of the soil near hydrangea plants found in different places.

Suggest one other variable Matthew could not control in his investigation.

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(d) Matthew wants to find out if the colour of blue hydrangea flowers depends on inherited factors or environmental factors. The flowers were growing in soil of pH 4.5. He plants them in soil of pH 6.3.

Complete the table below to show the colours of the new flowers in soil of pH 6.3 (i) if the colour is due to inheritance (ii) if the colour is due to the environment

Use the table above to complete the table below.

colour

starting colour of hydrangea flowers blue

colour of new flowers if only due to inheritance

colour of new flowers if only due to environment

2 marks maximum 6 marks

Mark schemes

Q1. (a) • chloroplast

accept ‘chlorophyll’ 1 (L6)

any one from

• photosynthesis

accept ‘it produces food or glucose or sugar or carbohydrate’

‘contains chlorophyll’ is insufficient

• absorbs or traps light 1 (L6)

(b) • nucleus 1 (L6)

• it controls the cell

accept ‘it tells the cell what to do’

‘brain of the cell’ is insufficient

accept ‘it transfers or contains genetic information or chromosomes’

do not accept ‘for reproduction’

‘it controls substances entering or leaving the cell’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

(c) any two from

• A

• B

• D

accept ‘chloroplast’ or ‘chlorophyll’

accept ‘vacuole’

accept ‘cell wall’ 1 (L6)

(d) • it has chloroplasts or chlorophyll

accept ‘it is green’

‘it is a different shape’ is insufficient

‘it does not have a hair’ is insufficient 1 (L6)

[6]

Q2. (a) it helps it to hide from its prey

1 (L6)

it helps it to hide from predators

answers may be in either order

accept ‘hides it from rabbits or from animals it eats’ accept ‘hides it from animals which eat or hunt it’ accept ‘to camouflage it’

for one mark only accept ‘it is an insulator’ or ‘it keeps them warm’

1 (L6)

(b) inherit 1 (L6)

genes 1 (L6)

nuclei

accept ‘nucleus’ 1 (L6)

[5]

Q3. (a) oxygen

1 (L6)

(b) (i) sulphuric acid

do not accept ‘oxide’ 1 (L6)

(ii) use a burning splint which lights the hydrogen or makes it go pop

accept ‘it goes pop when lit’ do not accept ‘use a glowing splint’

1 (L6)

(iii) the mark is for concentrating the solution, or for a process which leads to crystallisation occurring

any one from

• warm it or heat it gently

do not accept ‘heat it’

• leave it to stand

accept ‘leave by the window’

• let the water evaporate

• make it more concentrated

do not accept ‘heat it until all the water

has gone’ or ‘heat until dry’ 1 (L6)

[4]

Q4. (a) by heating with carbon or carbon monoxide or coke

accept ‘smelting’ or ‘the blast furnace’ or ‘by reduction’

do not accept ‘melting’ or ‘heating’ without a reference to reduction or to carbon

1

(b) it reacts with oxygen or water vapour or air

accept ‘oxidises’ or ‘it is very reactive’ or ‘it burns’

do not accept ‘it explodes in air’ 1

(c) (i) any one from

• magnesium

• aluminium

• zinc

do not accept ‘sodium’ or ‘calcium’ 1

both a metal and an appropriate reason are required for the mark to be awarded

(ii) either • sodium or calcium because they are too reactive

or

• tin or lead or copper because it is too unreactive or less reactive than steel

accept ‘because it lets steel corrode’ do not accept ‘because it is too expensive’ or ‘it is unreactive’

1

(d) (i) aluminium reacts with acids

accept ‘reacts with jam’ or ‘aluminium corrodes’

do not accept ‘aluminium is too reactive’ or ‘aluminium reacts’

1

(ii) any one from

• to prevent iron or steel from reacting with acids

• tin does not react with acids

accept ‘tin is unreactive’

• tin is less reactive than iron or tin is not very reactive

do not accept ‘to stop rusting’ 1

[6]

Q5. (a) like charges repel or unlike charges attract

accept ‘the positive charges would repel each other’ or ‘the negative charges would repel each other’ or ‘positive and negative charges attract’

1 (L6)

(b) (i) award no mark unless both positive and negative charges

are drawn

the first mark is for drawing the majority, six or more, of the – ve charges on the right hand side

the second mark is for drawing at least ten + ve charges distributed uniformly

accept the + ve charges concentrated on the left hand side i.e. accept the following for both marks it does not matter how many +ve or –ve signs are drawn

2 (L6)

(ii) the answer must refer to the forces on the charges and not merely describe how they move

the negative charges are repelled

accept ‘like charges repel’ or ‘negative charges are forced away from each other’

accept ‘the positive charges are attracted and the negative charges are repelled’

do not accept ‘the positive charges are attracted’

do not accept ‘negative charges go away from each other’ or ‘the positive charges do not move’

1 (L6)

(c) the positive charge or the end which is attracted is closer to the negatively charged object

accept ‘the negative charge or the end which is repelled is further from the object’

1 (L6)

[5]

Q6. (a) (i) electrical

1 (L5)

(ii) kinetic

accept ‘movement’ 1 (L6)

(iii) • gravitational potential

accept ‘gravitational’ or ‘potential’ 1 (L6)

• kinetic or sound or thermal

accept ‘heat’ for thermal

accept for two marks ‘kinetic into sound’ or ’kinetic into thermal’

answers must be in the correct order

1

(b) advantage

• the energy will always be replaced

accept ‘it will not run out’

• it is renewable

accept ‘it does not use fuel or mains electricity’

• it is free to run

accept ‘it is cheap’

• a battery might leak

accept ‘no pollution with a solar cell’ 1 (L5)

disadvantage

• if the Sun goes in the pump will stop

• it will not work at night or in the dark

accept ‘it must be in the Sun to work’

accept ‘it is not sunny all the time’

do not accept ‘can be used again’ 1 (L5)

[6]

Q7. (a) any two from:

• manufacturing differences or bulbs are different

accept ‘different resistances’

accept ‘different ages’

• reading error

• dirty contacts

accept ‘bulbs were not screwed in properly’

• unreliable or inaccurate meter

accept ‘faulty ammeter’

accept ‘different wires’ or ‘differences in the wires’ 2 (L6)

(b) 0.75 1 (L6)

(c)

both axes must be labelled correctly with both the variable and the unit

Y axis : current, in amps or A or milliamps or mA

accept ‘I , in amps’

X axis : time, in hours or minutes or seconds

accept ‘t, in hours’ 1 (L7)

a line or curve from top left to bottom right 1 (L7)

[5]

Q8. (a) (i) the number of turns or coils of wire

accept ‘the coils’

accept ‘the turns’ 1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• the current

• the length or thickness or material of the wire or coil

accept ‘the voltage or power’

accept ‘the wire’

• the circumference of the coil

• the size of paper-clips

accept ‘the paper-clips’; ‘position of the coil on the nail’; ‘tightness of the coil’; accept ‘distance between turns’; ‘the nail’

do not accept ‘the number of paper-clips’ 1 (L5)

(iii) any one from

• count the paper-clips picked up

accept ‘number of paper-clips’; ‘count them’

• measure their mass

accept ‘weigh them’; ‘the more clips the stronger the magnet’; ‘measure the distance at which a magnet will just pick up a paper-clip’

1 (L5)

(b) any one from

• an inaccuracy in results

accept a description of inaccuracies, such as ‘she counted the number of clips wrongly’

• a problem with the data or results

• a problem with the method

accept ‘something wrong with the tests’

accept ‘she used different sized paper-clips’

accept ‘the paper-clips were already magnetised’

accept ‘she did something wrong’

‘the test is unfair’ is insufficient 1 (L6)

(c) (i)

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• with bigger paper-clips she might miss the precise point at which the electromagnet stopped picking up paper-clips

accept ‘she would pick up differences between the number of turns of the coil’

accept ‘she might not see a change with big paper-clips or she would see a change with smaller paper-clips’

‘it will pick up a few large paper-clips but a lot of small paper-clips’ is insufficient

• the smaller paper-clips might help to identify the precise point at which the electromagnet stopped picking up paper-clips

accept ‘it is more precise or more sensitive’

award a mark for a response identifying that greater precision is possible with smaller increments

‘they are smaller’ is insufficient 1 (L6)

[6]

Q9. (a) It melts or is melting

accept ‘it starts to melt’ or ‘thaws’ or ‘turns to liquid’ or ‘changes state’

do not accept ‘it is between solid and liquid’ 1 (L5)

(b) it is room temperature

accept no more energy being put in’ 1 (L5)

(c) (i) They vibrate around fixed points A

if more than one box is labelled A, award no mark 1 (L6)

(ii) They move past each other and are close together C

if more than one box is labelled C, award no mark disregard any ticks

1 (L6)

(d) (i) Ice is less dense than water.

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L6)

(ii) The molecules are further apart in ice than in water.

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L6)

[6]

Q10. (a) one mark for B and C in series

1 (L6)

one mark for A in parallel with B and C for example

both marks should only be awarded if the circuit is correct

award one mark if all three bulbs are drawn in parallel or all in series

1 (L6)

(b) • A

any one from

• it has more current passing through it

accept ‘the others have less current passing through them’

• A has 3 V across it and B and C have 1.5 V across them

accept ‘A has a greater voltage across it’

accept ‘B and C have less voltage across them’

• A has twice the voltage of B or C

accept ‘there is less resistance in the top or A branch of the circuit’

• because it is directly connected to the supply

accept ‘the others are in series’

both the letter and the reason are required for the mark

answers should convey the idea that energy or voltage is shared between B and C but A is not sharing energy or voltage

1 (L6)

(c) a letter S in any part of the circuit before it branches

accept a letter S in any part of the circuit if the three bulbs are drawn in series

1 (L5)

[4]

Q11. (a)

bromine liquid

chlorine gas

fluoride gas

iodine solid

4 (L6)

(b) gas 1 (L6)

(c) (i) gas 1 (L6)

(ii) liquid 1 (L6)

(iii) solid 1 (L6)

[8]

Q12. (a) any one from

• it would be fizzing

• there would be effervescence

• bubbles would be given off

accept ‘gas or carbon dioxide would be given off’

accept ‘there was a rise in temperature’

accept ‘there was a loss of mass’ 1 (L5)

(b) any one from

• carbon dioxide was lost

accept ‘carbon dioxide was produced’

accept ‘gas was given off’

• the carbon dioxide had mass

accept ‘the gas also weighed something’ 1 (L6)

(c) green 1 (L5)

(d) limestone 1 (L6)

marble

if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct one mark for each incorrect tick minimum mark zero

1 (L6)

(e) hydrogen 1 (L6)

[6]

Q13. (a) (i) five circles not touching and randomly arranged

accept at least three circles

accept pairs of similar atoms 1 (L6)

(ii) they are closer

do not accept ‘they move faster’; ‘they are close’ 1 (L6)

(b) greater than

accept ‘greater’ 1 (L6)

(c) (i) the amplitude gets smaller

accept ‘the height of the waves gets less’

accept ‘the waves get shorter or smaller’

do not accept ‘it vibrates less’ 1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• the peaks or troughs are equally spaced

accept ‘the waves are the same distance apart’

accept ‘there are four peaks or waves or troughs between the lines’

accept ‘the width of each wave is the same’

accept ‘the lines are equally spaced’

• the frequency is constant or does not change

accept ‘the wavelength is the same’ 1 (L6)

[5]

Q14. (a) any two from

• it has a flagellum or tail to help it move

accept ‘can move or swim’ accept ‘it has a tail’ ‘whip’ is insufficient

• it does not have a (cell) wall

accept ‘it does not have a fixed shape’ or ‘it changes shape’ do not accept ‘it does not have a membrane’ ‘it only has a cell membrane’ is insufficient

• it does not have a vacuole

• it has a reservoir (for taking in food)

accept ‘it takes in or eats food’ accept ‘it has a mouth-like structure’ ‘it has a mouth’ is insufficient

2 (L6)

(b) • it has chloroplasts

accept ‘chlorophyll’ ‘it makes food’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

(c) • water

accept ‘H2O’ 1 (L6)

• oxygen

accept ‘O2’

answers must be in the correct order 1 (L6)

[5]

Q15. (a) chemical

accept ‘potential’ or ‘stored’ 1 (L6)

any two from

• sound

• thermal

accept ‘heat’

• kinetic

accept ‘movement’

• light 2 (L6)

(b) any two from

• they gained energy

accept ‘they move more quickly’

• they hit the lid with greater force

accept ‘they hit the lid harder’

• they hit the lid more often

accept ‘the pressure inside the tin increased’

accept ‘the molecules are closer together’

accept ‘more molecules are present’ 2 (L6)

(c) (i) oxygen

accept ‘O2’ 1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• carbon dioxide

accept ‘CO2’

• water vapour

accept ‘H2O’

accept ‘carbon monoxide’ 1 (L6)

(d) any one from

• it was quieter

• the lid didn’t move as high

accept ‘the lid was not pushed off’

• less energy released

accept ‘it does not work’ 1 (L5)

[8]

Q16. (a) (i)

all three lines must be correct for the mark 1 (L6)

(ii) evaporation: P 1 (L5)

melting: R 1 (L5)

(b) (i) liquid 1 (L6)

(ii) carbon 1 (L6)

hydrogen 1 (L6)

(iii) carbon dioxide

accept ‘CO2’

accept ‘carbon monoxide’ or ‘CO’

accept ‘carbon’ or ‘soot’

answers must be in the correct order 1 (L6)

[7]

Q17. (a) • B

C

both answers are required for the mark if more than two boxes are ticked, award no mark

1 (L6)

(b) any two from

• it conducts electricity

• it conducts heat

one mark may be awarded for ‘it is a good conductor’ if a reference to heat

or electricity is not given

• it is ductile or malleable

‘it bends’ is insufficient

• it has a high melting or boiling point

accept ‘it is shiny’ accept ‘it is sonorous’ accept ‘it forms basic oxides’ ‘it is strong or hard’ is insufficient

2 (L5)

(c) copper oxide

accept ‘CuO’ do not accept ‘copper dioxide’

1 (L6)

(d) The atoms have combined in a different way to make a new substance.

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L6)

[5]

Q18. (a)

soil pH of soil acidic neutral alkaline

A 4.5

B 5.5

C 6.3

D 7.0

E 7.8

for all five ticks correct, award two marks for any three or four ticks correct, award one mark for any one or two ticks correct, award no marks if more than one tick is placed in any one row, do not credit that row

2 (L5)

(b) • yes as pH increases the flowers become darker pink or less blue

accept ‘as pH or acidity changes the flower colour changes’ accept ‘acid soil has blue flowers and alkaline soil has pink flowers’ both the tick box and a consistent explanation are needed for the mark

or

• no

any one from

• there is no change between pH 5.5 – 6.3

• there is insufficient data 1 (L6)

(c) any one from

• type of hydrangea

accept ‘type of plant’ accept ‘size or age of plant’

• amount of water or rainfall

‘how much it is watered’ is insufficient

• amount of light or shade

accept ‘light’

• soil composition

accept ‘type of soil’

‘the acidity or pH of the soil’ is insufficient

• nutrients or minerals or ions in the soil

accept named nutrients, minerals or ions

• weather or temperature

accept ‘climate’ accept ‘pH of rain’

1 (L5)

(d)

• blue

• violet

accept ‘purple’ for violet 2 (L6)

[6]