Pumping System Audit Standard

8/12/2019 Pumping System Audit Standard

1/43 "

"#$%&'( )*+,-$+ .#/&, ),0'/01/

" #$%&'%(' )*( $+, %-'.$.&/ *) $+, ,&,(/0 ,)).1.,&10 *) ,2,1$(.1 3*$*(45*6,(,' 5-35.&/ #0#$,3# -#,' )*( 2.7-.' $(%*($

8,(#.*& 9:;


2/43 #

*(0/.3*1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2

"%$ ?@,(@3,A *> .=, &'0)314 -5+.,0+ 6'73. -./17/(7 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% B

"%" -9*), *> .=, 6'73. -./17/(7%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%B

"%# 699'(/95 /17 C,/+'(,0,1. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%D

#%$ &:/11314 .=, 6'73. %%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%% E

#%" 6'73. ?FG,9.3@,+ /17 -9*), %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%E

#%# H'+31,++ I*1.,J.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% E

#%; K,+*'(9,+ /17 K,+)*1+3F3:3.3,+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% E

#%;%" K,+*'(9, K,L'3(,0,1.+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%E

#%;%# 6'73.


3/43 ;

2%# &'0)314 -5+.,0 T,.A*(S %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%% %%% "E

2%; &'0)314 -5+.,0 -')):5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% "M

2%;%" &'0) C/31.,1/19,%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% "M

2%;%# &'0) -'3./F3:3.5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% "N

2%;%; &'0) I*1.(*:%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%#$

2%;%2 C*.*(+ /17 I*'):314 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% #"

2%2 R=*:,O+5+.,0 I*1+37,(/.3*1+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%#"

6)),173J " U -3., V1>*(0/.3*1 >313.5 W/A+ -'00/(5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% #E

6)),173J B U C,/+'(,0,1. 699'(/95 V0):39/.3*1+ %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%% #N

6)),173J D U 8,>313.3*1+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;$

6)),173J E U X:*++/(5 *> Y,(0+ %%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%% %%%% ;E

6)),173J M U K,9*00,17,7 K,)*(. ?'.:31,%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;N


4/43 2

;:; =-(5*#, >$%$,3,&$

Y=3+ &'0)314 -5+.,0+ 6'73. -./17/(7 Z[6'73. -./17/(7\] 3+ )(*@37,7 F5 .=, P1,(45 P>>393,195 /17 I*1+,(@/.3*1

6'.=*(3.5 ZPPI6]^ >*( .=, )'()*+, *> )(*@37314 / L'/:3.5 _A=*:,O+5+.,0` /'73.314 0,.=*7*:*45 >*( )'0)314 +5+.,0+ 31

9*00*1 '+, 31 T,A a,/:/17 317'+.(5%

V. 3+ ,J),9.,7 .=/.^ A=,1 '+,7 F5 +'3./F:5 L'/:3>3,7 )/(.3,+^ /7=,(,19, .* .=3+ 6'73. -./17/(7 A3:: )(*@37, .=, )(*9'(,(

*> .=, /'73. A3.= 9*1>37,19, .=/. .=, +,(@39,+ (,9,3@,7 /(, *> =34= L'/:3.5%

;:9 =-35.&/ >0#$,3# "-'.$ >$%&'%('

Y=, 6'73. -./17/(7 3+ 7,+341,7 .* 4'37, .=, 9*::,9.3*1 /17 /1/:5+3+ *> )'0)314 +5+.,0 7/./ >*( .=, )'()*+, *>

37,1.3>5314 *))*(.'13.3,+ >*( 30)(*@314 .=, +5+.,0`+ ,1,(45 ,>>393,195 /17 )(*@37314 (,:,@/1. .,9=139/::5 /17

9*00,(93/::5 +*'17 (,9*00,17/.3*1+%

Y=, 6'73. -./17/(7 3+ .,9=1*:*45O1,'.(/: /17 0,/+'(,0,1.O0,.=*7 1,'.(/:^ /:.=*'4= .=, 0,/+'(,0,1. 0,.=*7+

'+,7 A3:: F, 30)*(./1. 31 .=, 9*1.,J. *> .=, +9*), /17 0,/+'(,0,1. /99'(/95 (,L'3(,7 *> /1 /'73.%

;:? @.#12%.3,(

6+ *A1,( *> .=3+ 6'73. -./17/(7^ PPI6 A3:: ,J,(93+, 7', 9/(, 31 ,1+'(314 .=/. 3. 3+ 0/31./31,7 /+ >3. >*( )'()*+,%

b*A,@,(^ PPI6 /99,).+ 1* (,+)*1+3F3:3.5 *( :3/F3:3.5 >*( /15 73(,9. *( 9*1+,L',1.3/: :*++ *( 7/0/4, (,+':.314 >(*0^ *(

9*11,9.,7 A3.=^ .=, '+, *> .=3+ 6'73. -./17/(7 F5 /15 )/(.5%

/15 )/(.3,+ ,1.,(314 31.* /15 /4(,,0,1. >*(

+,(@39,+ (,:/.314 .* / )'0)314 +5+.,0 /'73.%

;:A B-($+,( .&)*(3%$.*&

PPI6 =/+ 9*003++3*1,7 .=, P1,(45 C/1/4,0,1. 6++*93/.3*1 *> T,A a,/:/17 ZPC6Ta] .* 7,@,:*) /17 0/31./31 .=3+

6'73. -./17/(7^ 31 9*1G'19.3*1 A3.= (,:,@/1. 317'+.(5 +./S,=*:7,(+%

V> 5*' =/@, L',+.3*1+ 31 (,:/.3*1 .* .=3+ 6'73. -./17/(7^ 5*' 0/5 ,0/3: 31>*c,0/1d%*(4%1d ^ 319:'7314 (,>,(,19, _&-

6'73. -./17/(7\ 31 .=, +'FG,9. :31,% e*' 0/5 (,L',+. .* F, 1*.3>3,7 A=,1 / 1,A @,(+3*1 3+ 9(,/.,7%

Y=, 9'((,1. @,(+3*1 *> .=, 6'73. -./17/(7 /17 *.=,( (,:,@/1. 31>*(0/.3*1 3+ /@/3:/F:, F5 @3+3.314 AAA%,0/1d%*(4%1d%


5/43 B

9:; CD,(D.,6 *) $+, =-35.&/ >0#$,3# "-'.$ >$%&'%('

&'0)314 +5+.,0+ /(, '+,7 ,J.,1+3@,:5 .* )(*@37, =,/.314^ 9**:314^ :3L'37 .(/1+>,( /17 >*( 7,A/.,(314 f ,++,1.3/: .*

.=, 7/3:5 *),(/.3*1 *> 0/15 F'+31,++,+%

Y=3+ 6'73. -./17/(7 )(*@37,+ /1 /))(*/9= .* )'0)314 +5+.,0 /'73.314 /17 /1/:5+3+% Y=, *FG,9.3@,+ *> .=, +./17/(7 /(,

.*g

/] )(*@37, .=, >(/0,A*(S >*( .=, +5+.,0/.39 9*::,9.3*1 *> 7/./ (,:,@/1. .* .=, ,>>393,1. *),(/.3*1 *> )'0)314

+5+.,0+^ /17h

F]

,1/F:, .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 /'73.*( .* /1/:5+, .=, ),(>*(0/19, *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0^ 37,1.3>5 )*.,1.3/:,:,9.(393.5 +/@314+ /17 )(*@37, +*'17 (,9*00,17/.3*1+ >*( 30):,0,1./.3*1 *> ,1,(45 ,>>393,195 313.3/.3@,+%

V1 /773.3*1^ 6)),173J M 319:'7,+ / (,9*00,17,7 (,)*(. *'.:31, >*( .=, )'()*+, *> /++3+.314 9*193+,^ 9*1+3+.,1. /17

9*0):,., )(,+,1./.3*1 *> .=, /1/:5+3+^ >317314+ /17 (,9*00,17/.3*1+ /(3+314 >(*0 / )'0)314 +5+.,0 /'73.%

9:9 >1*5, *) $+, "-'.$ >$%&'%('

Y=, +9*), *> .=, 6'73. -./17/(7 3+ )'0)314 +5+.,0+ .=/. .(/1+)*(. *( 93(9':/., :3L'37+ A3.=31 /1 *),1 *( 9:*+,7

+5+.,0%

V. 319:'7,+ F*.= T,A.*13/1 :3L'37+" Z9=/(/9.,(3+,7 F5 >3J,7 @3+9*+3.5 @/:',+ /. / 43@,1 .,0),(/.'(,] /17 1*1O

T,A.*13/1 :3L'37+% Y=, /'73.*( =/+ (,+)*1+3F3:3.5 >*( (,9*413+314 A=39= .5), *> :3L'37 .=, +5+.,0 3+ )'0)314 31 *(7,(

.* ),(>*(0 .=, /1/:5+3+ /))(*)(3/., .* .=, :3L'37 .5),% b57(/':39 )'0)314 +5+.,0+ ZA=39= 31@*:@, 1,4:343F:, :3L'37

>:*A] /(, 1*. A3.=31 .=, +9*), *> .=3+ 6'73. -./17/(7%

6++,++314 .=, ,>>393,195 *> / )'0)314 +5+.,0 /0*'1.+ .* /++,++314 .=, ,>>393,195 *> .=, +5+.,0 31 "#$%&$'()* +,#

"-$"&.# +,/+ +,# +$/)."&$+ &% +,# 0(1-(2 (. .#$3()*4

Y=, F*'17/(5 *> .=, +5+.,0 9*19,(1,7 ,J.,17+ >(*0 .=, )*A,( 31)'. .* .=, )'0) 0*.*(Z+] .* .=, )*31. A=,(, .=,

F'+31,++ )'()*+, *> .(/1+)*(.314 .=, :3L'37 3+ /9=3,@,7% / 9**:314 +5+.,0] *( / 7,:3@,(5 (/., .* / +.*(/4, (,+,(@*3( Z>*( /

)*./F:, A/.,( +')):5 +5+.,0]%

Y=, +5+.,0 F*'17/(5 3+ .=,(,>*(, 7,>31,7 F5 .=, )*31.+ F,5*17 A=39= /15 9=/14, .* .=, +5+.,0 1* :*14,( =/+ /15

,>>,9. *1 .=, F'+31,++ )'()*+, .=/. .=, +5+.,0 3+ +,(@314%


6/43 D

3.+ 3+ / 0/..,( >*( /4(,,0,1. F,.A,,1 .=,

/'73.*( /17 .=, 9:3,1.^ /17 A3:: F, 7,.,(031,7 F5 .=, 9:3,1.`+ )'()*+, 31 9*003++3*1314 .=, /'73.%

Y=, 30):39/.3*1+ *> 0,/+'(,0,1. /99'(/95 *1 /'73. /99'(/95 /(, 7,+9(3F,7 31 6)),173J B%

Y=, 0,/+'(,0,1. /17 /1/:5+3+ /)):39/F:, >*( /1 /'73. )(30/(3:5 31.,17,7 .* 37,1.3>5 /(,/+ *> 31,>>393,195 /17

*))*(.'13.5 31 .=, +5+.,0 Z/ .5)39/: F/+,O:,@,: /'73.] 4,1,(/::5 7*,+ 1*. 319:'7, ,J.,1+3@, '+, *> >:*A^ )(,++'(, /17

)*A,( 0,/+'(,0,1. ,L'3)0,1.%

6 F/+,O:,@,: /'73. 0/5 F, .=, /))(*)(3/., :,@,: .* '+, .* 7,>31, .=, +9*), /17 0,/+'(,0,1. (,L'3(,0,1.+ *> /

+'F+,L',1. 31@,+.0,1.O:,@,: /'73. *> .=, +/0, +5+.,0%

R=,(,/+ .=, 6'73. -./17/(7 7*,+ 1*. +),93>39/::5 9*@,( .=, +S3::+ (,L'3(,7 *> .=, /'73.314 )/(.5^ .=, /99'(/95 :,@,:

(,L'3(,0,1. *> .=, /'73. A3:: =/@, /1 ,>>,9. *1 .=, :,@,: /17 +9*), *> .=, +S3::+ (,L'3(,7 *> .=, /'73.*(%


7/43 E

?:; =2%&&.&/ $+, "-'.$

?:9 "-'.$ CFG,1$.D,# %&' >1*5,

I*1+':.314 A3.= .=, 9:3,1. .* 37,1.3>5 /17 (,9*(7 .=, 9:3,1.`+ *FG,9.3@,+ 31 =/@314 .=, /'73. ),(>*(0,7 3+ / 9(3.39/:

)(,:'7, .* 7,>31314 .=, +9*), *> .=, /'73. /17 .=, /++*93/.,7 0,/+'(,0,1. (,L'3(,0,1.+%

61 /'73. >*( / 9:3,1. A=* 3+ +,,S314 0,(,:5 .* '17,(+./17 A=,(, .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0`+ ,>>393,195 *))*(.'13.3,+ ,J3+. 31

/ >/9.*(5 0/5 =/@, :,++,( +9*), /17 0,/+'(,0,1. (,L'3(,0,1.+ .=/1 *1, .=/. 3+ (,L'3(,7 >*( / 9:3,1. A=* 1,,7+ .=,

/'73. >317314+ /+ 31)'. 31.* / 9/)3./: 31@,+.0,1. )(*)*+/:%

64(,,0,1. *1 *FG,9.3@,+ /17 +9*), +=*':7 /:+* 319:'7, /4(,,0,1. *1 .=, 9*1.,1. /17 +.('9.'(, *> .=, /'73. (,)*(.

>*( +'F+,L',1. )(,+,1./.3*1 .*^ /17 73+9'++3*1 A3.=^ .=, 9:3,1.%

6-iTa- ;BNMg#$$$ 0/5 F, '+,7 .* 4'37, ,J),9./.3*1+ >*( F*.= .=, 9:3,1. /17 .=, /'73. .,/0 31 .,(0+ *> A=/. 3+

,J),9.,7 >(*0 .=, /'73. /17 (,L'3(,7 *> .=, /'73. .,/0%

?:? H-#.&,## .=, +5+.,0Z+] 31 .=, A37,(

F'+31,++ *),(/.3*1^ 1,,7+ .* F, ,+./F:3+=,7 31 *(7,( .* 7,>31, .=, 0,/+'(,0,1. (,L'3(,0,1.+ >*( .=, /'73. /17 /15

)*+.O30):,0,1./.3*1 )=/+,%

V> Z/+ 3+ 4,1,(/::5 .=, 9/+,] *1, *> .=, )'()*+,+ *> .=, /'73. 3+ .* )(*@37, 31>*(0/.3*1 .=/. A3:: 37,1.3>5 A/5+ .* 30)(*@,.=, ,>>393,195 *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0^ .=,1 .=, (,L'3(,0,1. *> .=, +5+.,0^ /17 A=/. 3+ 7(3@314 .=/. (,L'3(,0,1.^ 0'+.

F, '17,(+.**7 >(*0 .=, *'.+,.% Y=3+ 3+ 30)*(./1. >*( '+,>': )*+.O30):,0,1./.3*1 0*13.*(314 *> .=, )'0)314

+5+.,0`+ ,1,(45 ),(>*(0/19,%

(*0 /1 317'+.(3/:

)(*9,++ /17i*( (/31>/::i+,,)/4, .* ,1+'(, .=/. .=, )(*9,++ 9/1 9*1.31',% Y=, ,>>393,195 *> .=, 7,A/.,(314 +5+.,0

Z>(*0 /1 ,1,(45 ),(+),9.3@,] A3:: F, 0/J303+,7 F5 031303+314 .=, /0*'1. *> ,1,(45 '+,7 .* 7,:3@,( .=/. (,L'3(,0,1.%

R=,1 ):/11314 .=, /'73.^ .=, (,:/.3*1+=3) F,.A,,1 .=, *'.)'. *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 Z/17 .=,(,>*(, .=, ,1,(45 31)'.

.* .=, +5+.,0] /17 .=, F'+31,++ 7(3@,( *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 +=*':7 F, 37,1.3>3,7% Y=, 7(3@,( 0/5 F, 0,/+'(,7

.=(*'4= *1, *> / (/14, *> >/9.*(+^ +'9= /+ =*'(+ *> *),(/.3*1^ )(*7'9.3*1 31)'. Z,%4% 7/3:5 S4 *> 0/.,(3/:]^ )(*7'9.3*1

*'.)'. Z,%4% 7/3:5 S4 *> )(*7'9.] *( *.=,( 0,/+'(,+ +'9= /+ (/31>/:: Z,%4% 7/3:5 00]%

?:AJ,#*-(1,# %&' J,#5*.F.2.$.,#

?:A:9 J,#*-(1, J,7-.(,3,&$#

Y=, /'73. +9*), /17 /99'(/95 (,L'3(,0,1. /4(,,7 A3.= .=, 9:3,1. A3:: 7,.,(031, .=, ),*):, /17 *.=,( (,+*'(9,+

(,L'3(,7 .* ),(>*(0 .=, /'73.% Y=, /'73. L'*./.3*1 )(,+,1.,7 .* .=, 9:3,1. ZA=39= A3:: >*(0 .=, F/+3+ *> .=, +,(@39,

/4(,,0,1. +'F+,L',1.:5 ,+./F:3+=,7 A3.= .=, 9:3,1.] 1,,7+ .* 319:'7, /1 /++,++0,1. *> .=, (,+*'(9, (,L'3(,0,1.+%

Y=, 4,1,(/: ,J),9./.3*1 3+ .=/. 31@,+.0,1.O:,@,: /'73.+ 4,1,(/::5 (,L'3(, 0*(, +3413>39/1. /0*'1.+ *> 7/./ 9*::,9.3*1^

0,/+'(,0,1. ,L'3)0,1. '+, /17 +S3::,7 ),*):, .30, .=/1 / F/+,O:,@,: /'73.% b*A,@,(^ / :*A,( :,@,: /'73. 7*,+ 1*.

0,/1 / :*A,( :,@,: *> /'73.*( 9*0),.,19,h .=, :,++ >3(0 .=, 7/./^ .=, 0*(, )(,++'(, *1 /'73.*( ,J),(3,19, >*( 9*((,9.

31.,()(,./.3*1 *> *F+,(@/.3*1+% R=,(, .=,(, /(, 317'+.(5O+),93>39 *( /15 *.=,( '13L', +5+.,0 >'19.3*1+ *( )=5+39/:

@/(3/F:,+^ 9/(, +=*':7 F, ./S,1 F5 .=, /'73.*( .* A*(S *1:5 A3.=31 .=,3( :,@,: *> )(*>,++3*1/: 9*0),.,195%


8/43


9/43 N

Y=, L'*.,7 9*+. .* .=, 9:3,1. +=*':7 /:+* ./S, 31.* 9*1+37,(/.3*1 /15 +'))*(. /@/3:/F:, >(*0 .=3(7 )/(.3,+% '17314 )(*@37,7 F5 )'0) 0/1'>/9.'(,(+^ ,1,(45 (,./3:,(+^ /17 )*.,1.3/: )(*G,9. 4(/1.+ >(*0

PPI6 *( *.=,( )/(.3,+%

?:M "-'.$ "55(*%1+ .& >-33%(0

*::*A,7% V. 9*00,19,+ A3.= 9:3,1. 9*1+':./.3*1 (,4/(7314

.=, *FG,9.3@,+ /17 +9*), *> .=, /'73. Z/+ 9*@,(,7 31 #%" /F*@,]%

)*+.O/'73. 7,+341 *( *),(/.3*1+ 9=/14,+ .* F, 0,/+'(,7 *1 /1

*14*314 F/+3+%

Y=, 1/.'(, *> .=, )*+.O30):,0,1./.3*1 0*13.*(314 +=*':7 F, ,+./F:3+=,7 /+ )/(. *> .=, /'73. ):/11314^ /+ 3. 3+ :3S,:5 .*

31>:',19, +*0, /+),9.+ *> .=, /'73. 7,+341 /17 :*9/.3*1 *> .,0)*(/(5 *( ),(0/1,1. 0,/+'(,0,1. ,L'3)0,1.% Y=,

S,5 7(3@,( *> )'0)314 +5+.,0 ,:,9.(393.5 31)'. +=*':7 4*@,(1 .=, 1/.'(, *> .=, 0*13.*(314^ A=,.=,( .=/. 7(3@,( F,

)(*7'9.3*1 *'.)'.^ /1*.=,( 31)'. *( 0,(,:5 =*'(+ *> *),(/.3*1%

"% 6'73.*( /17 9:3,1. /4(,, *1

*FG,9.3@,+ /17 +9*), *> /'73.%

Y=, +9*), *> .=, /'73. +=*':7

./S, 31.* 9*1+37,(/.3*1 .=,

9:3,1.`+ ,J),9./.3*1+ /17 +3.,

9=/(/9.,(3+.39+ /+ ),( +,9.3*1+

#%" .* #%#%

#% 6'73.*( 7,.,(031,+

(,L'3(,0,1.+ .* 9*17'9. .=,

/'73.^ /17 9*0)3:,+ /'73.

+),9^ (,@3,A )(*9,++ /17

L'*.,%

I*1+37,(/.3*1 +=*':7 F,

43@,1 .* ),*):, /17

(,+*'(9,+ (,L'3(,7 .* 0,,.

.=, /4(,,7O')*1 +9*), /+

),( +,9.3*1 #%;% 615 )*+.O

/'73. 0*13.*(314 +=*':7 /:+*

F, 319:'7,7 /+ ),( +,9.3*1

#%B%

;% 6'73.*( /17 9:3,1. /4(,,

*1 +,(@39, 9*1.(/9.

9*@,(314 .=, ):/11,7

/'73.%

Y=3(7O)/(.5 >'17314 >(*0

0/1'>/9.'(,(+^ ,1,(45

(,./3:,(+^ 4*@,(10,1.

7,)/(.0,1.+ /17 *.=,(

)/(.3,+ +=*':7 F, 319:'7,7

/+ ),( +,9.3*1 #%B%

2% 6'73.*( 9*0):,.,+ *1O+3.,

7/./ 9*::,9.3*1^ 319:'7314

/773.3*1/: A*(S /+ 31739/.,7

F5 313.3/: 0,/+'(,0,1.+%

B% 6'73.*( /1/:5+,+ *1O+3.,

7/./ /17 9*0)3:,+ 7(/>.

(,)*(. *> >317314+ /17

(,9*00,17/.3*1+%

D% &,,( (,@3,A /17 9:3,1.

(,@3,A *> 7(/>. (,)*(.%

&*++3F:, ),,( (,@3,A >(*0 /

.=3(7 )/(.5^ /+ ),( +,9.3*1

#%2%

M% 6'73.*( )(,+,1.+ >31/:

(,)*(. .* 9:3,1.^ /17/4(,,+ *1 /15 )*+.O/'73.

+.,)+%

E% T,9,++/(5 9=/14,+ /(,

0/7, .* .=, (,)*(. 3>/)):39/F:,%


10/43 "$

A:; C&4#.$, E,%#-(,3,&$# %&' @%$% *( / )'0)314 +5+.,0 /'73. 9*17'9.,7 .* 31@,+.0,1.O:,@,:

/99'(/95^ /17 )(*@37,+ +*0, 4'37/19, *1 A=/. 0/5 F, +'>>393,1. A=,1 /'73.314 .* .=, Z:*A,(] F/+, :,@,: *> /99'(/95%

V1 .=, >3(+. )/(.^ .=, 0,/+'(,0,1. 0,.=*7+ /(, *'.:31,7^ >*::*A,7 F5 .=, 0,/+'(,0,1. (,L'3(,0,1.+ >*( .=, +3., /17

+5+.,0+ F,314 /'73.,7%

A:9 E,%#-(,3,&$ E,$+*'#A:9:9 O2,1$(.1.$0 P#%/, E,%#-(,3,&$#

.=, 0*.*( 7(3@314 .=, )'0)% /9.*( 9*((,9.3*1 ')+.(,/0 *> .=, )'0)+^ Sk6 7,0/17 +=*':7 F, ,3.=,( 73(,9.:5 0,/+'(,7 *( *.=,(A3+, /++,++,7%

C,/+'(,0,1.+ +=*':7 F, ./S,1 >*( / ),(3*7 *> .30, +'>>393,1. .* 9/).'(, .=, A,,S:5 *),(/.3*1/: )/..,(1 *> .=,

)'0)314 +5+.,0% V1 /773.3*1^ 31 *(7,( .* )'. .=, A,,S:5 )(*>3:, 31.* /1 /11'/: '+/4, 9*1.,J.^ 3. 3+ 1,9,++/(5 .* *F./31

/1 /11'/: )(*>3:, *> )(*7'9.3*1 /17i*( ,:,9.(393.5 '+,% V1@,+.0,1.O:,@,: /99'(/95 *> .=, /11'/: '+/4, ,+.30/.,(,L'3(,+ 9*1+37,(/.3*1 *> F*.= .=, A,,S:5 /17 /11'/: )(*>3:, 7/./%

3,+ .=, 7/./ (,L'3(,7 .*

,+.30/., / )'0)314 +5+.,0`+ /11'/: ,:,9.(393.5 '+,%

A:9:? =(,##-(, E,%#-(,3,&$#

&(,++'(, 0,/+'(,0,1.+ +=*':7 /:+* F, (,9*(7,7 /. .=, :*9/.3*1 A=,(, .=, :3L'37 3+ '+,7 /17 /. *.=,( :*9/.3*1+ 31 .=,

:3L'37 73+.(3F'.3*1 1,.A*(S% Y=3+ A3:: ,1/F:, .=, :*9/.3*1 *> )(,++'(, 7(*)+ F,.A,,1 .=, )'0) /17 .=, ,17 '+, .* F,

37,1.3>3,7%

8,),17314 *1 .=, .5), *> )(,++'(, 4/'4, /17 )(/9.39/: 0/..,(+ +'9= /+ .=, (,:/.3@, :*9/.3*1+ *> .=, )(,++'(, (,9*(7314

)*31.+ /17 .=, )'0)+^ )(,++'(, :*44,(+ 0/5 /:+* F, '+,7^ .=*'4= .=3+ 3+ 1*. 0/17/.*(5%

Y=, /99'(/95 *> / )(,++'(, 0,/+'(,0,1. 31+.('0,1. Z319:'7314 / )'0)`+ *'.:,. )(,++'(, 4/'4,] +=*':7 F, @,(3>3,7 F5

9*0)/(3+*1 *> 3.+ 0,/+'(,0,1.+ A3.= .=*+, >(*0 / 4/'4, 9/:3F(/.,7 /99*(7314 .* / +./17/(7 +'9= /+ 6- ";2Ng"NMD *(

H-V PTM;E%"%

.=,(, /(, 4/'4,+ /:(,/75 31 .=, 1,.A*(S%

A:9:A B2*6 E,%#-(,3,&$#

l1*A:,74, *> .=, :3L'37 >:*A 3+ 30)*(./1. .* '17,(+./17 / )'0)314 +5+.,0`+ 7,:3@,(5 ),(>*(0/19,% V1.('+3@, >:*A

0,.,(+ 0/5 F, '+,7^ /:.=*'4= 31+./::/.3*1 9/1 F, 73>>39':. *( 73+(').3@, .* )(*7'9.3*1% T*1O31.('+3@, ':.(/+*139 >:*A

0,.,(+ /(, / @,(5 '+,>': .**: 31 7,.,(031314 +5+.,0 9=/(/9.,(3+.39+%

H,9/'+, :3L'37 7,0/17+ 0/5 F, 751/039^ ),(3*739 /17 .(/1+3,1.^ +'9= :*9/: >:*A 0,/+'(,0,1.+ +=*':7 F, ./S,1 *@,(

/ ),(3*7 .=/. 9/).'(,+ .=, >':: (/14, *> *),(/.314 (,L'3(,0,1.+% &,(3*7+ *> 0/J30'0 /17 03130'0 7,0/17+ /:+*1,,7 .* F, 9/).'(,7%

A:9:K O2,1$(.1.$0 .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 +=*':7 F, F/+,7 *1 >'.'(, 9*1.(/9. *(

>*(,9/+. )(39,+ /17 /7G'+.,7 >*( /15 *.=,( (,:,@/1. @/(3/F:, )(39314 >/9.*(+^ /+ /4(,,7 A3.= .=, 9:3,1.%

611'/: /@,(/4, )(39,+ 9/1 4,1,(/::5 F, '+,7 '1:,++ .=,(, /(, 9*1+37,(/F:, +,/+*1/: @/(3/19,+ 31 )(*7'9.3*1 Z)'0)314

+5+.,0 9*1+'0).3*1] )/..,(1+% 615 +,/+*1/: ,:,9.(393.5 )(39, @/(3/.3*1+ +=*':7 F, (,9*413+,7 31 /15 9/:9':/.3*1 *>

)(*7'9.3*1OA,34=.,7 /11'/: /@,(/4, )(39,+%


11/43 ""

Y=, ,>>,9. *> /15 7,0/17 /17i*( 9/)/93.5 9=/(4,+ +=*':7 /:+* F, /99*'1.,7 >*(% R=,(, 73>>,(,19,+ 31 ,:,9.(393.5 '+,

/(, F,314 @/:',7^ .=, @/:'/.3*1 1,,7+ .* 9*1+37,( .=/. +*0, ,:,0,1.+ *> .=, 7,:3@,(,7 ,:,9.(393.5 )(39, 0/5 F,

317,),17,1. *> .=, 9*1+'0).3*1 :,@,:% 615 >'::5 >3J,7 ,:,0,1.+ *> .=, ,:,9.(393.5 )(39, 1,,7 .* F, (,0*@,7 >(*0 .=,

9*+. '+,7 .* @/:', / 9*1+'0).3*1 73>>,(,19,%

.=, 9:3,1. 7*,+ 1*. =/@, / +./17/(7 ,:,9.(393.5 9*+. >34'(, >*( )(*G,9. /1/:5+3+

)'()*+,+^ 3. 3+ 4,1,(/::5 /99,)./F:, .* '+, .=, 0*+. (,9,1. "# 0*1.=+` 4(*++ /@,(/4, ,:,9.(393.5 9*+. Z.*./: 9*+. 73@37,7

F5 .*./: ,1,(45 9*1+'0,7] >*( .=, @/:'314 *> ,:,9.(393.5 '+,%

V> (,:,@/1.^ .=, ,>>,9. *> )*A,( >/9.*( *1 7,:3@,(,7 ,:,9.(393.5 9*+.+ .* .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 +=*':7 F, (,9*413+,7% ?1

0*+. ,:,9.(393.5 73+.(3F'.3*1 1,.A*(S+^ / )(,03'0 3+ 9=/(4,/F:, 3> / )*A,( >/9.*( *> :,++ .=/1 $%NB 3+ 0,/+'(,/F:, /.

.=, +3.,O,1.(5 0,.,(314 )*31.% Y=, /'73. +=*':7 37,1.3>5 3> .=, +3., A*':7 F,1,>3. >(*0 .=, 31+./::/.3*1 *> )*A,( >/9.*(

9*((,9.3*1 ,L'3)0,1. /. .=, 0/31 +A3.9=F*/(7 Z*( /15 +'FOF*/(7 >*( .=, +')):5 *> )'0) /17 )'0)314 +5+.,0+]^ /+

.=/. 31>*(0/.3*1 3+ 30)*(./1. .* .=, /++,++0,1. *> ,J3+.314 /17 >'.'(, 7,:3@,(,7 ,:,9.(393.5 9*+.+ >*( .=, +3.,

9*19,(1,7%

Y=, /F+,19, *> )*A,( >/9.*( 9*((,9.3*1 ,L'3)0,1. *1 .=, +3., A*':7 1*(0/::5 (,+':. 31 / (,9*00,17/.3*1 .* .=,

9:3,1. .* 31@,+.34/., .=, ,9*1*039+ *> 9*((,9.314 .=/. +3.'/.3*1%

A:9:L Q*(R# 317314+ A3:: 319:'7,

(,9*00,17/.3*1+ >*( A*(S+ .* F, ),(>*(0,7 .* ,J):*3. ,>>393,195 *))*(.'13.3,+%

R3.= 4'37/19, >(*0 .=, 9:3,1. A3.= (,4/(7 .* A=*0 .* 9*1+':. A3.=^ 3. 3+ ,J),9.,7 .=/. 9*0)3:314 F'74,. ,+.30/.,+ >*(

+'9= A3:: (,L'3(, 9*1+':./.3*1 A3.= / (/14, *> ,L'3)0,1. +')):3,(+ *( 0/31.,1/19, ,1431,,(314 9*0)/13,+% Y=, :,@,:*> /99'(/95 *> .=, 9*+. ,+.30/.,+ +=*':7 0,,. .=, 9:3,1.`+ (,L'3(,0,1.% m"Bn%

A:?=-35.&/ >0#$,3 E,%#-(,3,&$#

A:?:9 >.$,42,D,2 @%$%


12/43


13/43


14/43 "2

V1 .=3+ ,J/0):,^(,7'9314 .=, >:*A (/., *> ,3.=,( .=, )(30/(5 *( +,9*17/(5 93(9'3. )'0) A*':7 (,7'9, .=, ,>>,9.3@,1,++

*> .=, 9**:314 .*A,( /17 i *( =,/. ,J9=/14,(% Y=3+ 0/5 0,/1 .=/. .=, +5+.,0 3+ '1/F:, .* (,G,9. ,1*'4= ,1,(45 .*

0/31./31 .=, 7,+3(,7 9**:314 A/.,( .,0),(/.'(,%

K:9:? @-(%$.*& *( /++,++314 +5+.,0 7,0/17+ *@,( / 9,(./31 .30, ),(3*7% 8,0/17 3+

.5)39/::5 /++,++,7 '+314 / >:*A (/., F'. 034=. /:+* 9*0)/(, )(,++'(, *( )*A,( 9*1+'0).3*1 A3.= (,+),9. .* .30,% Y=,

9'(@, 3+ 9(,/.,7 F5 (/1S314 .=, =3+.*(39/: *( 0,/+'(,7 7/./ >(*0 :/(4,+. .* +0/::,+. *( @39, @,(+/^ /17 ):*..314 A3.=

(,+),9. .* .30, *( ),(9,1./4, *> .30,% 6 .5)39/: ,J/0):, *> / 7'(/.3*1 9'(@, 3+ +=*A1 31 8'(/.3*1 I'(@,

8'(/.3*1 9'(@,+ 0/5 /:+* F, /F:, .* )(*@37, >'(.=,( 31+34=. 31.* .=, +3d314 *> )'0)+ .* 0,,. .=, +3.,`+ /)):39/.3*1+%

:*A 7,0/17 Z.=, /(,/ '17,( .=, 7'(/.3*1 9'(@,]%

V1+.,/7 *> '+314 *1, )'0)^ / +,9*17 +0/::,( )'0) 9*':7 F, 31+./::,7 .* 9*), A3.= .=, +3.,`+ F/+, :*/7 /17 *1:5 '+,

.=, :/(4,( )'0) 7'(314 .30,+ *> =34= 7,0/17% Y=, .A*O)'0) 7'(/.3*1 9'(@, 31 :*A

(/., >*( B^$$$ =*'(+ ),( /11'0^ A3.= .=, :/(4,( F/9S') )'0) 1*A *1:5 *),(/.314 #$$ =*'(+ ),( /11'0% 6:.=*'4= .=,

+0/::,( )'0) A3:: *),(/., >*( / :*14,( .30,^ .=, :*A,( >:*A (/.,+ A3:: ,L'/., .* :,++ >(39.3*1/: :*++,+ 31 .=, +5+.,0^

.='+ '+314 :,++ ,1,(45 .* 0*@, .=, +/0, /0*'1. *> A/.,(%


15/43 "B

.=, +0/::,( )'0) Z&'0) I'(@, #] @,(+'+ .=, :/(4,( )'0) Z&'0) I'(@, "]% V. 9/1

F, +,,1 .=/. .=,(, 3+ +3413>39/1.:5 :,++ 751/039 =,/7 4,1,(/.,7 F5 .=, +0/::,( )'0)^ /17 3. 9/1 .=,(,>*(, F,

9*1+37,(,7 0*(, ,1,(45 ,>>393,1. >*( )'0)314 .=, +/0, @*:'0, *> A/.,( *@,( / :*14,( ),(3*7 *> .30,%


16/43 "D


17/43 "E

K:9:A B2*6 H%2%&1,

6 >:*A F/:/19, 3+ / '+,>': .**: 31 /1/:5+314 +5+.,0 7,0/17+ /17 (,L'3(,0,1.+^ /17 /99*'1.314 >*( :3L'37 >:*A+

Z,1,(45] *19, .=, :3L'37 =/+ :,>. .=, )'0)% 8/./ >*( / >:*A F/:/19, A*':7 1*(0/::5 F, *F./31,7 F5 ./S314 / 1'0F,( *>

>:*A 0,/+'(,0,1.+ /. @/(3*'+ )*31.+ *> .=, +5+.,0% R=,(, >:*A (/.,+ /(, 9*1+./1.^ .=, >:*A (/., 31 ,/9= )/(. *> .=,

+5+.,0 9/1 F, 0,/+'(,7 +,)/(/.,:5^ /:.=*'4= 31 / 751/039 +5+.,0 +30':./1,*'+ 0,/+'(,0,1.+ /(, 1,,7,7 .* ,1+'(,

/99'(/95% V1 +*0, 9/+,+^ / >:*A F/:/19, 0/5 /++3+. 31 7,.,(031314 :,/S/4, (/.,+ /17 '11,9,++/(5 7,0/17+ >*( .=,

:3L'37%V. 9/1 /:+* F, '+,7 .* @,(3>5 /15 >:*A ,+.30/.3*1+ F/+,7 *1 )'0) 9'(@, /1/:5+3+% V. 3+ 30)*(./1. .* 1*., .=/. .=,

/99'(/95 *> /15 >:*A 0,/+'(314 ,L'3)0,1. 0'+. F, ./S,1 31.* /99*'1. A=,1 9*1+.('9.314 / >:*A F/:/19,% 615 >:*A+

7,7'9,7 >(*0 *.=,( >:*A 0,/+'(,0,1.+ 0'+. 1*. F, A3.=31 .=, /99'(/95 .*:,(/19, *> .=,+, *.=,( 0,/+'(,0,1.+%

61 ,J/0):, *> =*A / >:*A F/:/19, 0/5 F, 9*1+.('9.,7 3+ +=*A1 31 :*A^ A=39= 0/5 =/@,

F,,1 F/+,7 *1 /1 ,:,9.(39/: :*44314^ )(,++'(, :*44314 /17 .=, )'0) ),(>*(0/19, 9'(@,% Y=3+ =,:)+ .* 30)(*@, .=,

*@,(/:: /99'(/95 *> +'F+,L',1. /1/:5+3+%

K:? =-35.&/ >0#$,3 S,$6*(R

61/:5+3+ *> / )'0)314 +5+.,0 1,.A*(S (,L'3(,+ .=, 7,.,(031/.3*1 *> :3L'37 7,:3@,(5 ,>>393,195% Y=3+ (,L'3(,+ .=,

0,/+'(,0,1. *> )(,++'(, :*++,+ /17 >:*A .=(*'4= 73>>,(,1. +,9.3*1+ *> .=, 1,.A*(S%

-*:'.3*1+ .* 30)(*@, .=, ,>>393,195 *> :3L'37 7,:3@,(5 319:'7,g

K,7'9314 )(,++'(, 7(*)+ /9(*++ 319*((,9.:5 31+./::,7 @/:@,+

K,7'9314 +5+.,0 )(,++'(, 7(*)+ /+ / (,+':. *> ,J9,++3@, >(39.3*1/: :*++,+ Z*>.,1 9/'+,7 F5 '17,(+3d,7

)3),A*(S]

Y=, *).303+314 *> )3), 9*1>34'(/.3*1

V0)(*@,7 1,.A*(S 0/31.,1/19,

V. 3+ (,9*00,17,7 .=/. +*>.A/(, +),93>39 .* )3), 1,.A*(S 7,+341 3+ '+,7 .* /1/:5+, .=, +5+.,0`+ 7,:3@,(5 ,>>,9.3@,1,++%

C*7,::314 .=, +5+.,0 '+314 +*>.A/(, A3:: L'39S:5 37,1.3>5 /(,/+ A3.= ,J9,++3@, >(39.3*1/: :*++,+ /+ / (,+':. *> '17,(+3d,7

)3),A*(S^ /17 /(,/+ A3.= )(,++'(, :*++,+ /+ / (,+':. *> 319*((,9.:5 31+./::,7 @/:@,+ *( )3), 9*1>34'(/.3*1%

V. 3+ @,(5 73>>39':. .* 7,.,(031, .=, ,>>,9.3@,1,++ *> :3L'37 7,:3@,(5 A3.=*'. /99'(/., 0,/+'(,0,1.+ *> >:*A /17

)(,++'(,^ :,. /:*1, 9/:9':/., )*.,1.3/: ,1,(45 +/@314+%

V> 3. 3+ 1*.,7 .=/. 1,.A*(S 0/31.,1/19, )(/9.39,+ /(, )**(^ 3. 3+ +'44,+.,7 .=/. / ),(9,1./4, 30)(*@,0,1. 31 +5+.,0

,1,(45 ,>>393,195 9/1 F, ,J),9.,7 /+ / (,+':. *> 30)(*@,7 )(/9.39,+%


18/43


19/43 "N

&**(:5 0/31./31,7 )'0)+ /(, .5)39/::5 F,.A,,1 Bn /17 "$n :,++ ,>>393,1. .=/1 A,::O0/31./31,7 )'0)+^ /17 .=,

,J.,1. *> ,>>393,195 :*++ 9/1 F, 9*1>3(0,7 '+314 )(,++'(,^ >:*A /17 ,:,9.(39/: :*44314+ .* 7,.,(031, .=, *),(/.314 )*31.

*> .=, )'0)%

K:A:? =-35 >-.$%F.2.$0

&'0) ),(>*(0/19, 9'(@,+ 9/1 F, '+,7 .* 7,.,(031, .=, *),(/.314 )*31. *> ,/9= )'0) A3.=31 / +5+.,0% &(,++'(,^ >:*A

/17 ,:,9.(39/: :*44314+ 9/1 F, '+,7 .* 7,.,(031, .=, *),(/.314 )*31.% V. 3+ 30)*(./1. .* 1*., .=/. 0'9= 31/99'(/95

9*0,+ >(*0 ,+.30/.,+ *> 0*.*( ,>>393,195 /17 9*'):314 ,>>393,195^ /:.=*'4= .=, '+, *> .=, )'0)`+ ),(>*(0/19, 9'(@,

=,:)+ .* @,(3>5 .=,+, ,+.30/.,+%

6 9*00*1 *99'((,19, 31 )'0)314 +5+.,0+ 3+ *@,(+3d,7 )'0)+% Y=,(, /(, +,@,(/: 0,/+'(,+ .* 30)(*@, +5+.,0

,>>393,195 31 .=3+ 9/+,^ 319:'7314g

Y(300314 .=, 30),::,( Z+,, *(0/19, I'(@,


20/43 #$

K:A:A =-35 >393,195 *> 83>>,(,1. I*1.(*: C,.=*7+ >*( -5+.,0+ A3.= / W*A b+./.ib751/039 K/.3*

I/:9':/.3*1+ *> )*A,( 9*1+'0).3*1 (,7'9.3*1+ 0'+. F, F/+,7 *1 .=, )'0)`+ /++*93/.,7 ),(>*(0/19, 9'(@,% Y=, '+,

*> />>313.5 :/A+ Z+,, 6)),173J 2] 9/1 *1:5 *99'( 3> 3. 3+ /99'(/., .* /++'0, .=/. /15 +=3>. 31 *),(/.314 )*31. 0*@,+ /:*14

.=, +5+.,0 9'(@,% Y=3+ 3+ .=, 9/+, >*( )'0)+ 9*1.(*::,7 F5 @/(3/F:,O+),,7 7(3@,+^ /+ 3::'+.(/.,7 31 (*0 1".* 1#


21/43 #"

V. 3+ 30)*(./1. .* 1*., .=/. *.=,( >/9.*(+ 0'+. F, ./S,1 31.* /99*'1. A=,1 /:.,(314 +5+.,0 9*1.(*:% V1 +*0, 9/+,+^

03130'0 >:*A+ *( )(,++'(,+ 0'+. F, 0/31./31,7% 61 ,J/0):, *> .=3+ *99'(+ 31 +:'((5 )'0)314^ A=,(, 03130'0 :3L'37

@,:*93.3,+ 0'+. F, 0/31./31,7 .* ,1+'(, +*:37+ 7* 1*. +,..:, A3.=31 )3),A*(S%

K:A:K E*$*(# %&' >393,195 (,L'3(,0,1.+ >*( .=(,,O)=/+, 0*.*(+ (/.,7 F,.A,,1 $%E;SR

/17 "MBSR%

Y=, .5), *> )'0)O0*.*( 9*'):314 +=*':7 /:+* F, 9*1+37,(,7% Y=, 0*+. ,>>393,1. 7(3@, 0,.=*7 3+ 73(,9. 0,9=/139/:

9*'):314^ /:.=*'4= +)/9,^ :/5*'. /17 0*.*( +),,7 (,L'3(,0,1.+ Z.=, '+, *> )'::,5+] A3:: 1*. /:A/5+ /::*A .=3+%

. +./(.,( 7,@39,+ *( @/(3/F:, +),,7 7(3@,+] 9/1 F, ./S,1 >(*0

0/1'>/9.'(,( +),93>39/.3*1+h

0*.*( :*++,+ 9/1 F, /++,++,7 >(*0 / 9*0F31/.3*1 *> .=, 0/1'>/9.'(,(`+ 0*.*( ,>>393,195 7/./ Z/. .=, :*/7

),(9,1./4, /)):39/F:, .* .=, +5+.,0]^ /17 0/S314 /::*A/19, >*( .=, 0/31.,1/19,i(,A317 =3+.*(5 *> .=,0*.*( 3> /@/3:/F:,h

:*++,+ >(*0 .=, 7(3@, +5+.,0 F,.A,,1 .=, 0*.*( /17 .=, )'0) @/(5 A3.= .=, .5), *> 7(3@, ,0):*5,7% 83(,9.

7(3@, Z+=/>.+ 73(,9.:5 :31S,7] :*++,+ 9/1 F, /++,++,7 /. d,(*% R=,(, F,:.+ /(, '+,7^ .=, :*++,+ @/(5 7,),17314

*1 9=*39, *> F,:. /17 =*A A,:: 3. 3+ >3..,7^ 3.+ /4,i9*173.3*1 /17 .=, +3d, *> .=, )'::,5+ '+,7%

Y=, )'0) +=/>. 31)'. )*A,( 9/1 F, 7,.,(031,7 '+314 .=, )'0) 9'(@, >(*0 .=, 0,/+'(,0,1.+ *> >:*A /17 )(,++'(,

0,/+'(,0,1.+ /9(*++ .=, )'0)% Y=3+ ,1/F:,+ .=, )'0)`+ *),(/.314 )*31. *1 3.+ 9=/(/9.,(3+.39 9'(@, .* F, 7,.,(031,7^

/17 F5 9*0)/(3+*1 A3.= .=, 0*.*( 31)'. )*A,( 0,/+'(,0,1.+^ .=, ,1,(45 :*++ F,.A,,1 .=, )'0) +=/>. /17 .=,

0*.*( 31)'.%

39/.3*1 *> *))*(.'13.3,+ A3:: 1,,7 .* (,:5 *1 .=, )'0) />>313.5 :/A+ /17 4,1,(/:

*F+,(@/.3*1+ /17 ,J),9.,7 (,:/.3*1+=3)+ F,.A,,1 )(,++'(,^ >:*A^ )*A,(^ +=/>. +),,7 /17 )'::,5 73/0,.,(% K,>,( .*

6)),173J 2 >*( / +'00/(5 *> )'0) />>313.5 :/A+%

K:K Q+*2,4#0#$,3 5 _7,),17,1.` /17 _0'.'/::5 ,J9:'+3@,` *))*(.'13.3,+ /9(*++ .=, A=*:,

+5+.,0^ .* ,1+'(, .=/. .=, 0*+. 9*=,+3@, /17 A,::O+),93>3,7 (,9*00,17/.3*1 +,. 3+ 0/7, .* .=, 9:3,1.%

R=,(, .A* *))*(.'13.3,+ /(, 7,),17,1. Z*1, 0'+. F, 7*1, 31 *(7,( >*( .=, *.=,( *1, .* F, )*++3F:,]^ .=,5 0/5 F,

)(,+,1.,7 /+ *1, +/@314 A3.= *1, .*./: /++*93/.,7 9*+.% / )'0) 3+ 9*1+'0314 "$SR *> )*A,( /17

(,7'9.3*1+ *> #$n *> .=, 7,0/17 >*( :3L'37 /17 ;$n 9*1.(*: ,>>393,195 30)(*@,0,1.+ 9/1 F, 0/7,^ .=,5 +=*':7 F,

/)):3,7 /+ >*::*A+g

&*A,( '+, />.,( 7,0/17 (,7'9.3*1 p "$SR J $%M

p MSR

&*A,( '+, />.,( 9*1.(*: 30)(*@,0,1. p MSR J $%E

p B%DSR Z*( BDn *> .=, *(3431/: 9*1+'0).3*1]

V> .=, +/@314+ =/7 F*.= F,,1 /)):3,7 .* .=, *(3431/: "$SR^ .*./: +/@314+ *> BSR *( B$n A*':7 =/@, F,,1 9/:9':/.,7^

*@,(,+.30/.314 +/@314+ F5 Dn *> .=, *(3431/: ,1,(45 '+,%


22/43 ##

"55,&'.I 9 T >.$, U&)*(3%$.*& B*(3

6#+&'-++ 70$-

)&,- %8*+&90: 0//1-++ ;),1--,< )#=#1=< >&,*?

70,#1- @A +&,- B =#+&'-++ @%-10,&@'

C&1+, /0* @A @'+&,- :@((&'(+

C&'0: /0* @A @'+&,- :@((&'(+

"1@/#9,&@' /#1&'( %-1&@/ @A :@((&'(+

4:-9,1&9&,* )#%%:&-1

"@D-1 A09,@1 9@11-9,&@' -E#&%$-', &' #+-

F-:&G-1-/ -:-9,1&9&,* 9@+, %-1 HI8

)&,- 9@',09, J3 70$-

F-+&('0,&@'

K-:-%8@'- ;FFL?

4$0&:

)&,- 9@',09, M3 70$-

K-:-%8@'- ;FFL?

4$0&:

>@$$-',+3


23/43 #;

"55,&'.I ? T >0#$,3 @%$% ,(,19, 8,+9(3).3*1 i I*00,1.+ &(,++'(, K,L'3(,0,1.


24/43 #2

7-,D@1H )98-$0,&9

-5+.,0 K,>,(,19, 1*.,g 319:'7, 730,1+3*1+^ ,:,@/.3*1+^ @/:@,+^ G*31.+ ,.9%

"&%-D@1H B Q0:G- L'A@1$0,&@'

!"#$%&'( *+,-$.

C/.,(3/:

-3d, K/14, Z(,>,( +9=,0/.39]

q*31. Y5),+ Z(,>,( +9=,0/.39]

k/:@, Y5),+ Z(,>,( +9=,0/.39]

!"#$ /$01"&2 3$+.4'$5 !'$..4'$ 6&..$. *+,-$ 3$+.4'$5 !'$..4'$ 6&..$.

?.=,( 1*.,+

P%-10,&@'0: L'A@1$0,&@'

C/31.,1/19, V1>*(0/.3*1

?.=,( 1*.,+


25/43 #B

"#$% )#%%:* L'A@1$0,&@'

72"1 8&99$21.

"#$% F-,0&:+

-5+.,0 K,>,(,19,

C/1'>/9.'(,(

C*7,:

-,(3/:

e,/(&'0) Y5),

V0),::,( 83/0,.,(

&=*.* r

2@,@1 F-,0&:+

C*.*( I*'):314

K/.,7 SR

K&C

&*:,+

2-0+#1-$-',+

P:,9.(39/: C,/+'(,0,1. i

W*44314 K,>,(,19,

*(0/.3*1

?.=,( 1*.,+


26/43 #D

"55,&'.I A T H%#, 2,D,2 "-'.$ @%$% @'+#$%,&@'

"#$%&'( )*+,-$3 " F-+91&%,&@'3 Z,%4%] I=3::,7 A/.,( P%-' @1 >:@+-/ )*+,-$3 I:*+,7

"#$% LF 2@/-: K*%-

L$%-::-1

F&0$-,-1

2@,@1

)%--/

R0,-/

;HI?

.G-10(-

N@0/ C09,@1

.''#0:

R#' S@#1+

.''#0: O+0(-

;2I8?T

r" Z,%4%]

&'0) /F9

"#; I,1.(3>'4/: #$$00 "^2N$()0 EB $%M 2^$$$ #2$

r# $

r; $

r2 $

s% $

K@,0: MUV

t R=,(, 611'/: I*1+'0).3*1 p ZK/.,7 SR i "$$$] J Z6@,(/4, W*/7 8-9H:&+, "@,-',&0: A@1 4AA&9&-'9* L$%1@G-$-',

4AA&9&-'9* P%%@1,#'&,* 4:-$-', 7 B . NPI 24F SLWS C#1,8-1 >@$$-',+

W3L'37 '+,( 3+*:/.3*1

&,/S :*/7 +=,77314 *))*(.'13.5#

6))(*)(3/., ,17 '+, *> :3L'37

&(,++'(, (,L'3(,0,1.+;

34'(/.3*1

I=/14,+ .* 313.3/: +5+.,0 7,+341D

&'0) +'3./F3:3.5

&'0) 0/31.,1/19,

&'0) 9*1.(*: O @/(3/F:, >:*AE

I/@3./.3*1 :,@,:+

-:'((5 i I=,039/: )'0)314

C*.*( ,>>393,195

C*.*( 9*'):314

)O""NY

-5+.,0 *),(/.3*1 i +9=,7':314

#V19:'7,+ *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.,7 .* .=, +=,77314 *( +=3>.314 *> ,:,9.(39/: :*/7+ >(*0 ),/S 7,0/17 ),(3*7+ A=,(, .=, ,:,9.(393.5 +')):5 9*+.+ Z,1,(45

/17i*( 1,.A*(S 9*+.+] /(, =34=^ ,%4% )3. 7,A/.,(314 +5+.,0 :*/7 +=3>.,7 *'.+37, ),/S 7,0/17 9=/(4, ),(3*7+%

;V19:'7,+ *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.,7 .* .=(*..:,7 >:*A^ 31 A=39= 9/+, )(,++'(, 3+ /(.3>393/::5 319(,/+,7%

2V19:'7,+ *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.,7 .* F5)/++,7 >:*A^ 31 A=39= 9/+, )(30/(5 >:*A 3+ (,O93(9':/.,7 .* 9*1.(*: +,9*17/(5 >:*A% Y=3+ /:+* 319:'7,+ *))*(.'13.3,+

(,:/.,7 .* :3L'37 9*1+'0).3*1 (,7'9.3*1 *> ,17 '+,(+ /17 .=,(,>*(, (,7'9.3*1 31 +5+.,0 >:*A (,L'3(,0,1.%BV19:'7,+ *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.,7 .* 9=/14,+ 31 )'0)314 +5+.,0 7,+341 +319, *(3431/: +5+.,0 31+./::/.3*1^ ,%4% 9=/14,+ .* )3),A*(S .* +')):5 0*(, :3L'37

'+,(+%DV19:'7,+ *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.,7 .* 9=/14,+ 31 )'0)314 +5+.,0 7,+341 +319, *(3431/: +5+.,0 31+./::/.3*1^ ,%4% )'0) (,):/9,0,1. 31 *(7,( .* 0,,. 1,A

7,0/17+ *( 9=/14, 31 )'0) 9*1.(*: 0,.=*7+%

EV19:'7,+ *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.,7 .* .=, ,:3031/.3*1 *> .=(*..:,7 /17i*( F5)/++,7 >:*A .=(*'4= 30)(*@,7 )'0)314 +5+.,0 9*1.(*: 0,.=*7+ Z+'9= /+ k-8

9*1.(*:]%


27/43 #E

"55,&'.I K T =-35 ")).&.$0 V%6# >-33%(0

J? C:@D &+ %1@%@1,&@'0: ,@ +80A, +%--/ 980'(- 0'/ &$%-::-1 /&0$-,-1 980'(-Z

!!"

#$$%

&!!"

#$$%

&=

2

1

2

1

2

1

d

d

n

n

Q

Q

R=,(,g1

Qp V13.3/: . -),,7

1d p V13.3/: V0),::,( 83/0,.,(

2Q p T,A . -),,7

2d p T,A V0),::,( 83/0,.,(

. -),,7 &'0) 6>>313.5 W/A

M? "1-++#1- &+ %1@%@1,&@'0: ,@ ,8- +E#01- @A +80A, +%--/ 980'(- 0'/ ,8- +E#01- @A &$%-::-1 /&0$-,-1 980'(-Z

2

2

1

2

2

1

2

1

!!"

#

$$%

&

!!"

#

$$%

&= d

d

n

n

dp

dp R=,(, 30),::,( 73/0,.,( (,0/31+ 9*1+./1.g

2

2

1

2

1

!!"

#

$$%

&= n

n

dp

dp

R=,(,g1

dp p V13.3/: &(,++'(,1n p V13.3/: -=/>. -),,7

1d p V13.3/: V0),::,( 83/0,.,(

2dp p T,A &(,++'(,

2n p T,A -=/>. -),,7

2d p T,A V0),::,( 83/0,.,(

&(,++'(, @+% -=/>. -),,7 &'0) 6>>313.5 W/A


28/43 #M

[? "@D-1 &+ %1@%@1,&@'0: ,@ ,8- 9#=- @A +80A, +%--/ 980'(- 0'/ ,8- 9#=- @A &$%-::-1 /&0$-,-1 980'(-Z

3

2

1

3

2

1

2

1

!!"

#$$%

&!!"

#$$%

&=

d

d

n

n

P

P R=,(, 30),::,( 73/0,.,( (,0/31+ 9*1+./1.g

3

2

1

2

1

!!"

#$$%

&=

n

n

P

P

R=,(,g1P p V13.3/: &*A,(

1n p V13.3/: -=/>. -),,7

1d p V13.3/: V0),::,( 83/0,.,(

2P p T,A &*A,(

2n p T,A -=/>. -),,7

2d p T,A V0),::,( 83/0,.,(

&*A,( @+% -=/>. -),,7 &'0) 6>>313.5 W/A


29/43


30/43


31/43


32/43 ;#


33/43 ;;

)'0),7 .=(*'4= / )(30/(5 93(9'3.% Y=3+ 3+ 7,)39.,7 31 .=, )'0)

0*@,+ /:*14 .=, 9*1+./1.O=,/7 :31,^ F5 /7G'+.314 .=, +),,7 *> .=, )'0) .* 0/.9= .=, 9=/14314 >:*A 7,0/17 A=3:,

0/31./31314 .=, (,L'3(,7 +5+.,0 =,/7%


34/43 ;2

"#$% K*%-+R=3:, .=,(, /(, / A37, @/(3,.5 *> )'0) .5),+^ .=,5 9/1 4,1,(/::5 F, 4(*'),7 31.* .A* 9/.,4*(3,+g 9,1.(3>'4/: /17 )*+3.3@,

73+):/9,0,1.% Y=, 0/31 /..(3F'.,+ *> .=,+, .5),+ *> )'0)+ /(, :3+.,7 F,:*A%

I,1.(3>'4/: &'0)+ OI,1.(3>'4/: )'0)+ *),(/., F5 /77314 S31,.39 ,1,(45 .* / :3L'37 @3/ / +)311314 30),::,(^ A=,(, 751/039

)(,++'(, 3+ 9(,/.,7 /+ / (,+':. *> >:*A (,+3+./19, 31 .=, 73+9=/(4, )/++/4,%

*(0/19, /17 +5+.,0 9'(@,+ >*( / 9,1.(3>'4/: )'0)%

'4/: )'0)+ /(, 4,1,(/::5 F,..,( +'3.,7 .* :*AO@3+9*+3.5 /)):39/.3*1+% Y=, 0/G*(3.5 *> 317'+.(3/: )'0)314 +5+.,0+ /(,

>*( :*AO@3+9*+3.5 /)):39/.3*1+ /17 .=,(,>*(, 9*1./31 9,1.(3>'4/: )'0)+% -319, 9,1.(3>'4/: )'0)+ *),(/., *@,( / A37, (/14,

*> >:*A (/.,+^ .=,+, +5+.,0+ /(, 0*(, :3S,:5 .* =/@, *@,(+3d,7 )'0)+ *( F, )**(:5 9*1.(*::,7% H,9/'+, *> .=3+^ .=, @/+.

0/G*(3.5 *> )*.,1.3/: )'0)314 +5+.,0 ,1,(45 +/@314+ /(, :3S,:5 .* F, >*'17 31 9,1.(3>'4/: )'0)314 +5+.,0+%

&*+3.3@, 83+):/9,0,1. &'0)+ O6 )*+3.3@, 73+):/9,0,1. )'0) 9/'+,+ / >:'37 .* 0*@, F5 .(/))314 / >3J,7 /0*'1. *> 3. .=,1

>*(9314 Z73+):/9314] .=/. .(/)),7 @*:'0, 31.* .=, 73+9=/(4, )3),% &*+3.3@, 73+):/9,0,1. )'0)+ 0*@, / +,. @*:'0, *> :3L'37

),( (,@*:'.3*1 *( +.(*S,^ A3.= )(,++'(, 7,@,:*),7 /+ / (,+':. *> .=3+ >*(9,7 73+9=/(4,% Y=,+, )'0)+ /(, F,..,( +'3.,7 .*

=34=O@3+9*+3.5 /)):39/.3*1+ /17 /(, :,++ A37,:5 '+,7 .=/1 9,1.(3>'4/: )'0)+%

*(0/19, /17 +5+.,0 9'(@,+ >*( / )*+3.3@, 73+):/9,0,1. )'0)%

*(0/19, /17 -5+.,0 I'(@,


35/43 ;B

"#$% >#1G-+&'0) 9'(@,+ /(, +')):3,7 F5 .=, )'0) 0/1'>/9.'(,( /17 /9. /+ / 4(/)=39/: (,)(,+,1./.3*1 *> .=, )'0)`+ =,/7 Z)(,++'(,]^

=57(/':39 ,>>393,195 /17 )*A,( *@,( / (/14, *> >:*A 9*173.3*1+% H5 '+314 )'0) 9'(@,+^ +,@,(/: S,5 9/:9':/.3*1+ 9/1 F,

0/7, .* 7,.,(031, =*A / )'0)314 +5+.,0 3+ *),(/.314%

393,195

I'(@,

&'0) I'(@,

&*A,(

I'(@,

HP&

-5+.,0

I'(@,

>393,195^ -5+.,0^ &*A,( /17 &,(>*(0/19, I'(@,+

&'0) Z*( &,(>*(0/19,] I'(@, U Y=, )'0) 9'(@, 3+ .=, +),93>39 =,/7 i >:*A (,:/.3*1+=3) A=39= 3+ '13L', .* ,/9= 0*7,: *>

)'0)% Y=, )*31. *> 31.,(+,9.3*1 F,.A,,1 .=, +5+.,0 9'(@, /17 .=, )'0) 9'(@, 3+ .=, )*31. /. A=39= / )'0)314 +5+.,0 A3::

*),(/.,%

-5+.,0 I'(@, OY=, +5+.,0 9'(@, 3+ .=, (,:/.3*1+=3) F,.A,,1 .=, =,/7 /17 >:*A *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0% Y=3+ (,:/.3*1+=3) 3+

7,.,(031,7 F5 .=, /0*'1. *> +./.39 =,/7 Z:3>.] 31 .=, +5+.,0^ /17 .=, 751/039 =,/7^ A=39= 3+ 9*0)(3+,7 *> 0/G*( Z)3),]

:*++,+ /17 031*( Z>3..314] :*++,+% 6 +5+.,0 9'(@, *1:5 )/++,+ .=(*'4= .=, *(3431 *> .=, )'0) ),(>*(0/19, 9'(@, 3> .=,

+5+.,0 =/+ 1* +./.39 =,/7%

H,+. P>>393,195 &*31. ZHP&] O Y=, F,+. ,>>393,195 )*31. ZHP&] (,>,(+ .* .=, 0*+. ,>>393,1. *),(/.314 )*31. >*( / 9,1.(3>'4/:

)'0)% Y=3+ 3+ .=, )*31. /. A=39= ,/9= )'0) +=*':7 *),(/., >*( *).30/: +5+.,0 7,+341^ /:.=*'4= )'0)+ /(, *>.,1 *@,(+3d,7

Z*),(/., .* .=, :,>. *> .=, HP&] /+ .=, (,+':. *> / 7,+341 +/>,.5 >/9.*( *( .* >'.'(,O)(**> .=, +5+.,0 31 9/+, *> >'.'(,

,J)/1+3*1% -'9= *@,( +3d314 3+ 1*. 9*1+37,(,7 F,+. )(/9.39,%


36/43 ;D

"#$% 4E#0,&@'

K=,>*::*A314 ,L'/.3*1 7,+9(3F,+ .=, (,:/.3*1+=3) F,.A,,1 .=, )/(/0,.,(+ .=/. 7,.,(031, .=, )*A,( 9*1+'0).3*1 *> .=,

)'0) 7(3@,( Z,%4% 0*.*(]g

ptrm

gHQP

=

R=,(,g P 3+ .=, 7(3@,( )*A,( 9*1+'0).3*13+ .=, :3L'37 7,1+3.5

Q 3+ .=, :3L'37 >:*A (/.,

H3+ .=, +5+.,0 .*./: =,/7g

3+ /99,:,(/.3*1 7', .* 4(/@3.5

m 3+ .=, 0*.*( ,>>393,195

tr 3+ .=, .(/1+03++3*1 *( 9*'):314 ,>>393,195

p 3+ .=, )'0) ,>>393,195

Y=3+ ,L'/.3*1 =*:7+ .(', >*( 9/:9':/.3*1+ 31@*:@314 -V '13.+%

.=, 7(3@,( /17 .=, '+,>': =57(/':39 *'.)'. 7,:3@,(,7 .*

.=, :3L'37%

>393,193,+


37/43 ;E

"55,&'.I N T W2*##%(0 *) X,(3#

H/+,:31, I*1+'0).3*1 U P+.30/.,7 )'0)314 +5+.,0 /11'/: ,1,(45 9*1+'0).3*1%

H,+. P>>393,195 &*31. ZHP&] OY=, F,+. ,>>393,195 )*31. ZHP&] (,>,(+ .* .=, 0*+. ,>>393,1. *),(/.314 )*31. Z7,>31,7 F5 / 9,(./31

(/., *> >:*A /17 +5+.,0 =,/7] >*( / 9,1.(3>'4/: )'0)% Y=3+ 3+ .=, )*31. /. A=39= ,/9= )'0) +=*':7 *),(/., /. *).30/:

+5+.,0 7,+341%

I/@3./.3*1 U 6 )=,1*0,1*1 31 A=39= .=, :*9/: :3L'37 )(,++'(, 7(*)+ F,:*A 3.+ @/)*'( )(,++'(,^ A=39= (,+':.+ 31 .=, :3L'37

>:/+=314 .* @/)*'(% 6+ .=,+, @/)*'( F'FF:,+ 9*::/)+,^ .=,5 9(,/., @3F(/.3*1+ /17 1*3+, A=39= 9/1 F, 7/0/4314 .* +5+.,09*0)*1,1.+^ ,+),93/::5 )'0) 30),::,(+%

I,1.(3>'4/: &'0)+ OI,1.(3>'4/: )'0)+ *),(/., F5 /77314 S31,.39 ,1,(45 .* / :3L'37 @3/ / +)311314 30),::,(^ A=,(, 751/039

)(,++'(, 3+ 9(,/.,7 /+ / (,+':. *> >:*A (,+3+./19, 31 .=, 73+9=/(4, )/++/4,%

I:*+,7OW**) &'0)314 -5+.,0 O6 9:*+,7O:**) )'0)314 +5+.,0 =/+ :3L'37 .=/. 3+ (,93(9':/.,7 /(*'17 / )/.= A3.= .=, +/0,

+./(. /17 ,17 )*31.+% (39.3*1/: :*++,+ *> .=, )3)314

1,.A*(S /17 ,L'3)0,1. 7,.,(031314 .=, )'0) :*/7%

I*'):314 UI*'):314 (,>,(+ .* .=, 9*11,9.3*1 *( .(/1+03++3*1 *> )*A,( F,.A,,1 0*.*( /17 )'0)% Y=3+ 319:'7,+ .5),+ *>

9*'):314 +'9= /+ 73(,9. 9*'):314 *( 7(3@, F,:.+%

I*'):314 P>>393,195UY=, 9*'):314 ,>>393,195 3+ 7,>31,7 /+ .=, (/.3* *> .=, ,1,(45 7,:3@,(,7 F5 .=, 0*.*( .* .=, 9*'):31473@37,7 F5 .=, ,1,(45 7,:3@,(,7 .* .=, )'0) +=/>.%

8,+341 &*31.UY=, *),(/.314 )*31. /+ 9/:9':/.,7 >*( / )'0) 7'(314 .=, +5+.,0 7,+341% Y=, /9.'/: *),(/.314 )*31. 3+ *>.,1

1*. /. .=, 7,+341 )*31.%

8'(/.3*1 I'(@,U6 4(/)= 7,)39.314 .=, /0*'1. *> .30, .=/. .=, :3L'37 >:*A ,J9,,7+ / 9,(./31 @/:',%

851/039 b,/7 UY=, =,/7 /++*93/.,7 A3.= >(39.3*1/: :*++,+ A3.=31 .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 )3), 1,.A*(S%

:*A+ .=(*'4= 73>>,(,1. )/(.+ *> / )'0)314

+5+.,0%

l,5 H'+31,++ 8(3@,( U Y=, )/(/0,.,( /4/31+. A=39= .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0`+ ,1,(45 9*1+'0).3*1 3+ 0,/+'(,7 >*(

F,19=0/(S314 /17 0*13.*(314 )'()*+,+% Y=3+ 7,.,(031,+ .=, &'0)314 P1,(45 V1.,1+3.5 Z&PV] *> .=, +5+.,0% PJ/0):,+ *>

.=3+ 0/5 F, )(*7'9.3*1 ZS4] *( (/31>/:: Z00]%

Sk6UI*00*1 '13. >*( /))/(,1. )*A,(^ A=39= 3+ .=, .*./: )*A,( .=/. /)),/(+ .* F, >:*A314 >(*0 / +*'(9, .* / :*/7%

SROI*00*1 '13. >*( (,/: )*A,(^ A=39= 3+ .=, /9.'/: 1,. )*A,( .=/. 3+ >:*A314 >(*0 / +*'(9, .* / :*/7%

b,/7 UY=, +'0 *> 851/039 /17 -./.39 =,/7+%

b57(/':39 &*A,( UY=, )*A,( 30)/(.,7 F5 .=, )'0) .* .=, :3L'37%

V0),::,( U Y=, (*./.314 9*0)*1,1. A3.=31 / 9,1.(3>'4/: )'0) '+,7 .* 319(,/+, .=, )(,++'(, /17 >:*A *> / :3L'37%

W3L'37UV1 .=, 9*1.,J. *> .=3+ 7*9'0,1.^ / +*:'.3*1 *( +'+),1+3*1 >*::*A314 T,A.*13/1 *( T*1OT,A.*13/1 :/A+%

W3L'37 Q+,(U 615 7,@39, (,:,@/1. .* F'+31,++ *),(/.3*1+ .=/. (,L'3(,+ .=, '+, *> / :3L'37 A3.=31 / )'0)314 +5+.,0 .*

),(>*(0 /1 /))(*)(3/., ./+S^ +'9= /+ =,/. .(/1+>,(%

C*.*( P>>393,195OY=, 0*.*( ,>>393,195 3+ 7,>31,7 /+ .=, (/.3* *> .=, ,1,(45 7,:3@,(,7 .* .=, 0*.*( 73@37,7 F5 .=, ,1,(45

7,:3@,(,7 >(*0 .=, 0*.*( .* .=, 9*'):314%

T,A.*13/1 W3L'37U 6 :3L'37 A3.= 9*1+./1. @3+9*+3.5 /. /15 43@,1 .,0),(/.'(, /17 )(,++'(,% Y=3+ 3+ *))*+,7 .* / 1*1O

T,A.*13/1 :3L'37^ A=39= ,J)(,++,+ @/(3,7 @3+9*+3.5 7,),17314 *1 *.=,( +5+.,0 9*173.3*1+ +'9= /+ >:*A (/.,%


38/43 ;M

?),1OW**) &'0)314 -5+.,0O61 *),1O:**) )'0)314 +5+.,0 =/+ F*.= /1 31)'. /17 /1 *'.)'.^ A3.= :3L'37 F,314 )'0),7

>(*0 *1, )*31. .* /1*.=,(% .=, +5+.,0`+

.*./: =,/7 /17 .=,(,>*(, )'0) :*/7%

?),(/.314 &*31.UY=, >:*A /17 =,/7 *> / :3L'37 7,:3@,(,7 F5 / )'0)% Y=3+ 9/1 F, 7,)39.,7 /+ .=, 31.,(+,9.3*1 *> .=, )'0)

),(>*(0/19, 9'(@, /17 .=, )'0) +5+.,0 9'(@,%

&,/S W*/7 UY=, ),/S )*A,( 9*1+'0).3*1 *> / +3.,% Y=3+ *>.,1 7,.,(031,+ .=, 7,0/17 9=/(4,+ 319'((,7 F5 .=, +3., /17

+=*':7 .=,(,>*(, F, ./S,1 31.* /99*'1. A=,1 9*1+37,(314 .=, *),(/.314 .30,+ *> )'0)314 +5+.,0+%

&,(>*(0/19, I'(@, UX(/)= ):*..314 .=, =,/7 (,L'3(,7 /+ / >'19.3*1 *> >:*A (/., >*( / 43@,1 )'0)% 6:+* *>.,1 7,)39.,7 *1

),(>*(0/19, 9'(@,+ /(, .=, +=/>. )*A,(^ )'0) ,>>393,195 /17 +'9.3*1 =,/7 (,L'3(,7% Y=, .,(0 [)'0) 9'(@,\ *>.,1 (,>,(+

.* .=, ),(>*(0/19, 9'(@,%

&3)314 /17 V1+.('0,1./.3*1 83/4(/0 Z&oV8]U-9=,0/.39 73/4(/0 *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 319:'7314 )3), :/5*'.^ :3L'37 '+,(+

/17 /++*93/.,7 31+.('0,1./.3*1%

&*+3.3@, 83+):/9,0,1. &'0)+ O &*+3.3@, 73+):/9,0,1. )'0)+ 0*@, / +,. @*:'0, *> :3L'37 ),( (,@*:'.3*1 *( +.(*S,^ A3.=

)(,++'(, 7,@,:*),7 /+ / (,+':. *> .=3+ >*(9,7 73+9=/(4,% &*+3.3@, 73+):/9,0,1. )'0)+ /(, F,..,( +'3.,7 .* =34=O@3+9*+3.5

/)):39/.3*1+%

&*A,( (,/: )*A,( .* /))/(,1. )*A,(%

&(30/(5 I3(9'3. U Y=, 93(9'3. 9*1./31314 .=, 0/31 )'0)Z+] A3.=31 / )'0)314 +5+.,0^ .* A=39= )(30/(5 '+,(+ /17 /15+,9*17/(5 93(9'3.+ /(, 9*11,9.,7%

&'0)UV1 .=, 9*1.,J. *> .=3+ 7*9'0,1.^ / )'0) 3+ 7,>31,7 /+ / 0,9=/139/: 7,@39, '+,7 .* 30)/(. 0*.3*1 .* :3L'37+%

&'0) PL'/.3*1 U Y=, ,L'/.3*1 '+,7 .* 7,.,(031, .=, )*A,( 9*1+'0).3*1 *> / )'0) F/+,7 *1 :3L'37 7,1+3.5^ >:*A^

)(,++'(,^ 0*.*( ,>>393,195^ 9*'):314 ,>>393,195 /17 )'0) ,>>393,195%

&'0) P>>393,195 UY=, (/.3* *> .=, =57(/':39 )*A,( Z)*A,( 30)/(.,7 .* .=, :3L'37] 73@37,7 F5 .=, )'0) +=/>. 31)'. )*A,(

Z)*A,( 7,:3@,(,7 .* .=, )'0) @3/ 0*.*( 9*'):314]%

&'0)314 -5+.,0 P1,(45 V1.,1+3.5 Z&PV] UY=, ,1,(45 31.,1+3.5 *> / )'0)314 +5+.,0 A3.= (,+),9. .* / (,:/.,7 S,5 F'+31,++

7(3@,( O ,%4% SR= ),( l4 *> )(*7'9.3*1%

&'0)314 -5+.,0U6 )'0) *( 4(*') *> )'0)+ /:*14 A3.= .=, *.=,( 9*0)*1,1.+ (,:,@/1. .* .=, 0*@314 :3L'37% Y=3+ 319:'7,+

.=, 0*.*(+^ 9*'):314^ )3)314 /17 @/:@,+%

-,9*17/(5 I3(9'3.O6 93(9'3. 1*. 9*1./31314 .=, 0/31 )'0)Z+] A3.=31 / )'0)314 +5+.,0^ F(/19=314 *>> .=, )(30/(5 93(9'3.%

-=/>. V1)'. &*A,( UY=, )*A,( 7,:3@,(,7 .* .=, +=/>. *> / )'0)%

-./.39 b,/7 OY=, =,/7 /++*93/.,7 A3.= .=, =,34=. 73>>,(,19, F,.A,,1 )'0) ,1.(/19, /17 +5+.,0 73+9=/(4,% Y=3+ ./S,+ 31.*

/99*'1. F*.= .=, +'9.3*1 /17 73+9=/(4, =,/7%

-5+.,0 I'(@, U6 9'(@, 31739/.314 .=, =,/7 (,L'3(,7 .* 7,:3@,( / 9,(./31 >:*A (/., 7'(314 / >3J,7 +,. *> +5+.,0 9*173.3*1+%

-5+.,0 P>>393,195 U Y=, (/.3* *> =57(/':39 )*A,( (,L'3(,7 F5 .=, +5+.,0 73@37,7 F5 .=, )*A,( 9*1+'0,7 F5 .=, )'0)0*.*(%

Y=(*..:, U 8,@39,^ +'9= /+ / @/:@,^ .=/. 3+ '+,7 .* (,+.(39. >:*A F5 319(,/+314 >(39.3*1/: (,+3+./19, Z319(,/+314 751/039 =,/7]%

u

k/(3/F:, -),,7 8(3@, Zk-8] O 6 @/(3/F:, +),,7 7(3@, Zk-8] 3+ / +5+.,0 >*( 9*1.(*::314 .=, (*./.3*1/: +),,7 *> /1 /:.,(1/.314O

9'((,1. ,:,9.(39 0*.*( .=(*'4= /7G'+.314 .=, ,:,9.(39/: >(,L',195 +')):3,7 .* .=, 0*.*(% k-8+ '+'/::5 =/@, 31F'3:. &V8

9*1.(*::,(+ A=39= /::*A .=,0 .* /'.*0/.39/::5 /7G'+. .=,3( +),,7 F/+,7 *1 / 7343./: 31)'. +341/:^ A=39= 31 / )'0)314 +5+.,0

3+ '+'/::5 >:*A *( )(,++'(,%


39/43 ;N

"55,&'.I Y T J,1*33,&',' J,5*($ C-$2.&,

Y=3+ /)),173J )(*@37,+ / (,9*00,17,7 *'.:31, *> .=, +.('9.'(, /17 9*1.,1.+ *> .=, (,)*(. '+,7 >*( (,)*(.314 *> .=,

)(*9,++^ >317314+ /17 (,9*00,17/.3*1+ >(*0 /1 /'73.^ 9*17'9.,7 /99*(7314 .* .=3+ &'0)314 -5+.,0+ 6'73. -./17/(7%

Y=, >*::*A314 7,+9(3F,+ .=, (,9*00,17,7 +.('9.'(, /17 9*1.,1. *> .=, /'73. (,)*(.^ +,9.3*1 F5 +,9.3*1%

Executive Summary

&(*@37, =,(, / +'00/(5 *> .=, *FG,9.3@,+^ +9*),^ >317314+ /17 (,9*00,17/.3*1+%

V1 )/(.39':/(^ .=3+ +=*':7 =34=:34=. .=, S,5 (,9*00,17/.3*1+ >*( .=, 9:3,1. .* /9.3*1 /17 / (/.3*1/:, >*( /9.3*1 .=/. 3+

9*193+,^ '17,(+./17/F:, /17 9*0),::314 U (,9*413d314 .=, 9:3,1.`+ 7,93+3*1O0/S314 )(*9,++,+%

Y/F':/( Z/17 )*++3F:5 )3, 9=/(.] )(,+,1./.3*1 *> .=, /11'/: +/@314 /17 1,. )(,+,1. @/:', /@/3:/F:, >(*0 )'(+'314 ,/9=

(,9*00,17/.3*1 9/1 F, '+,>':%

1. Business Context

Y=3+ +,9.3*1 +=*':7 9*@,( F/+39 31>*(0/.3*1 /F*'. .=, F'+31,++ /17 .=, *FG,9.3@,+ /17 +9*), *> .=, /'73.%

Basic information

V19:'7, =,(, .=,g

37,1.3.5 *> .=, 9:3,1. /17 +3., :*9/.3*1^ >*( A=39= .=, /'73. 3+ ),(>*(0,7h

7/., *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0+ /'73.

1/0, *> .=, 9:3,1. 0/1/4,( /17 *.=,( S,5 ),(+*11,: 31.,(>/9314 A3.= *( /++3+.314 .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 /'73.h

1/0,^ 9(,7,1.3/:+ /17 9*1./9. 7,./3:+ *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 /'73.*(%

Site operating characteristics

8,+9(3F, =,(, .=, *),(/.314 9=/(/9.,(3+.39+ *> .=, +3.,^ 319:'7314g

/ F(3,> *'.:31, *> .=, 9'((,1. *),(/.3*1+ *> .=, ):/1.^ A3.= 7,+9(3).3*1 *> .=, 0/31 +3., /[email protected] .=/. .=, )'0)314

+5+.,0+ /(, (,L'3(,7 .* +'))*(.h

.=, ,>>,9.+ *> /15 ,J),9.,7 >'.'(, 9=/14,+ .* .=, 1/.'(, *( @*:'0, *> .=, +3., /[email protected] .=/. 0/5 =/@, /1 ,>>,9. *1

.=, +3., )'0)314 +5+.,0 (,L'3(,0,1.+%

Objectives and scope of the audit

8,+9(3F, =,(,g .=, *FG,9.3@,+ *> ),(>*(0314 .=, /'73.% (*0 / F/+,O:,@,: /'73.] *( 3. 0/5 F, .* +'))*(. /

9/)3./: ,J),173.'(, )(*)*+/: *1 / +'F+./1.3/: (,>'(F3+=0,1. *( (,7,+341h

.=, +9*), *> .=, /'73.% Y=3+ 0/5 (/14, >(*0 F,314 *1, 9*0)*1,1. *> *1, )'0)314 +5+.,0 *( >':: +5+.,0+ /'73.+ *>

/:: )'0)314 +5+.,0+ *1 .=, +3.,%

/15 '+,>': F/9S4(*'17 .* .=, *FG,9.3@,+ /17 +9*),^ 319:'7314 /15 )(3*( +9*)314 A*(S /17 S,5 9:/'+,+ >(*0 /15

/4(,,0,1. F,.A,,1 .=, 9:3,1. /17 .=, /'73.*(h

2. Pumping System Overview

V19:'7, / =34=O:,@,: 7,+9(3).3*1 *> .=, +5+.,0 /17 37,1.3>39/.3*1 *> .=, F'+31,++ 7(3@,(+ /17 .=, 0,/1+ F5 A=39= .=, /'73.

(,+':.+ 9/1 F, ,J.(/)*:/.,7 .* /11'/: *),(/.314 9=/(/9.,(3+.39+%

Description and requirements

V19:'7, / 7,+9(3).3*1 *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0Z+] /17 3.+ 9*1>34'(/.3*1^ A3.= (,>,(,19, .* +9=,0/.39 7(/A314+ 31 /1 /)),173J

.* .=, (,)*(.%

8,+9(3F, .=, (,L'3(,0,1.+ .=/. .=, F'+31,++ ,J),9.+ >(*0 .=, /'73.^ 319:'7314g

/ 7,+9(3).3*1 /17 L'/1.3>39/.3*1 Z>:*A /17 )(,++'(,] *> A=/. .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0Z+] 1,,7 .* 7,:3@,( .* ,1/F:, .=,

F'+31,++ .* *),(/., ,>>393,1.:5h

37,1.3>39/.3*1 *> .=, +3., /[email protected] Z,%4% )(*7'9.3*1 *'.)'. *( (/A 0/.,(3/: 31)'.] .=/. A3:: F, '+,7 /+ .=, S,5 7(3@,(

*> )'0)314 +5+.,0 '+, /17 .=/. A3:: F, '+,7 31 .=, ,1,(45 31.,1+3.5 0,/+'(, >*( .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0h

37,1.3>39/.3*1 *> A=,.=,( .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 (,L'3(,0,1.+ 9/1 F, 9=/(/9.,(3+,7 /+ 9*1+./1. 7,0/17^ 0':.3O+./4,

7,0/17 *( @/(3/F:, 7,0/17h

31>*(0/.3*1 *1 .=, *),(/.314 )(*>3:, *> .=, 0/31 +3., /[email protected] Z,%4% @*:'0, *> )(*7'9.3*1]^ +=*A314 A,,S:5 /17

0*1.=:5i+,/+*1/: )(*>3:,+h /17


40/43 2$

/15 (,:,@/1. F,19=0/(S 31>*(0/.3*1 .=/. 0/5 F, /@/3:/F:, >(*0 +3., =3+.*(5 *( >(*0 31.,(9*0)/15 9*0)/(3+*1+ *1

.=, )'0)314 +5+.,0+ ,1,(45 31.,1+3.5%

7,+9(3).3*1 *> /15 0/1/4,0,1. )*:393,+ *( )(/9.39,+ Z,%4% +/>,.5 *( 9*00'13.5 0/..,(+] .=/. 31>:',19, .=,

)'0)314 +5+.,0 7,+341 *( *),(/.3*1/: (,L'3(,0,1.+%

Baseline energy intensity

Y=3+ 31@*:@,+ L'/1.3>39/.3*1 *> .=, (,:/.3*1+=3) F,.A,,1 .=, +3., /[email protected] Z,%4% )(*7'9.3*1 *'.)'. *( (/A 0/.,(3/: 31)'.]

37,1.3>3,7 /+ .=, S,5 7(3@,( *> )'0)314 +5+.,0 /17 .=, +5+.,0`+ ,:,9.(393.5 '+/4,^ '+314 .=, 7/3:5 7/./ 9*::,9.,7 7'(314 .=,

/'73. ),(3*7%

Y=3+ +=*':7 319:'7, .=,g

0,.=*7 >*( L'/1.3>5314 .=, 7/3:5 +3., /[email protected] 7(3@314 .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 ,1,(45 '+/4,h

0,.=*7 >*( L'/1.3>5314 .=, 7/3:5 SR= '+/4, >(*0 .=, )'0) 7/./O:*44314+ *( *.=,( 0,/+'(,0,1.+ ./S,1 7'(314

.=, /'73.^ /17h

.=, /'73.O),(3*7 /@,(/4, /17 ZA=,(, >,/+3F:,] ,/9= 7/5`+ @/:', *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 ,:,9.(393.5 31.,1+3.5 @/:',

Z.=, F/+,:31, &PV] >*( .=, ),(3*7 *> .=, /'73.%

b/@314 ,/9= 7/5`+ @/:', *> .=, &PV (,:/.3*1+=3) 0/5 ,1/F:, .=, ,>>,9. *> @/(3/.3*1+ 31 /[email protected] :,@,: *1 .=, &PV .* F,

L'/1.3>3,7 /17 319:'7,7 31 /15 +'F+,L',1. /1/:5+3+ *> .=, +5+.,0 A=,(, .=, /[email protected] :,@,: 3+ 73>>,(,1. >(*0 .=, /@,(/4,

7'(314 .=, /'73. ),(3*7% Y=, (,:,@/19, *> .=, 3173@37'/: 7/5+ &PV >34'(,+ A3:: F, 7,),17,1. *1 .=, 7(3@,( /17 .=, /F3:3.5 .*

*F./31 /[email protected] :,@,:+ *> +'>>393,1. /99'(/95 /. / 7/3:5 :,@,:%

V> .=, 9:3,1. 9*1+37,(+ /[email protected] >34'(,+ .** 9*00,(93/::5 +,1+3.3@, >*( 319:'+3*1 31 .=, (,)*(.^ 319:'7, *1:5 .=, F/+,:31, &PV

3. Audit Measurement Methods

Y=3+ +,9.3*1 +=*':7 9*@,( .=, 0,/+'(,0,1. 0,.=*7+ '+,7 7'(314 .=, /'73. /17 37,1.3>5 Z/17 (/.3*1/:3+,] /15 @/(3/.3*1+

F,.A,,1 .=, /9.'/: 0,/+'(,0,1. 0,.=*7+ /17 .=*+, (,9*00,17,7 31 .=, 6'73. -./17/(7%

Electricity usage measurement

V19:'7, / 7,+9(3).3*1 *> ,:,9.(393.5 0,/+'(,0,1. 0,.=*7+ '+,7 >*( .=, /'73. ),(3*7^ 319:'7314 /15 0,.,(314 31+./::,7 >*(

+'F+,L',1. Z)*+.O30):,0,1./.3*1]),(>*(0/19, 0*13.*(314 /17 .=, ,J.,1. *> /15 (,9*193:3/.3*1+ ),(>*(0,7 F,.A,,1

.,0)*(/(5 /17 ),(0/1,1. 0,.,(+%

.=, 0,/+'(,0,1.+%

Electricity cost measurement

8,+9(3F, .=, 0,.=*7 *> L'/1.3>5314 .=, '13. 9*+. *> ,:,9.(393.5 /+ /))(*)(3/., >*( @/:'314 /15 (,7'9,7 9*1+'0).3*1

(,+':.314 >(*0 30):,0,1.314 / (,9*00,17/.3*1%

I*+.+ +=*':7 F, F/+,7 *1 >'.'(, )(39, ,J),9./.3*1+ /17 (,9*413+, .=, >3J,7 /17 @/(3/F:, Z),(OSR=] 9*0)*1,1.+ *>

7,:3@,(,7 ,:,9.(393.5 )(39,+% R=,(, .=, 9:3,1. 3+ +'FG,9. .* .30,O*>O'+, /17i*( ),/S 7,0/17 )(39314^ 9*1+37,(/.3*1 +=*':7

/:+* F, 43@,1 .* .=, .30, ),(3*7+ 31 A=39= .=, +5+.,0+ *),(/., O /17 .=,(,>*(, 31 A=39= /15 ,1,(45 +/@314+ /(, :3S,:5 .*

*99'(% Y=,+, 9*1+37,(/.3*1+ /(, 0*+. (,:,@/1. A=,1 .=, /'73. (,+':.+ /(, .* F, '+,7 >*( 31@,+.0,1. )(*)*+/: )'()*+,+%

Pressure measurement

V19:'7, =,(,gO / 7,+9(3).3*1 *> .=, )(,++'(, /17 )(,++'(, 73>>,(,19, 0,/+'(,0,1. 0,.=*7+ '+,7 >*( ,/9= *> .=, 0,/+'(,0,1. )*31.

:*9/.3*1+h

O .=, 0,.=*7 /17 9'((,195 *> .=, 9/:3F(/.3*1 *> .=, )(,++'(, 0,/+'(,0,1. 31+.('0,1.+h

O 37,1.3>39/.3*1 *> A=,(, )(,++'(, 73>>,(,19,+ /(, ,+.30/.,7^ .=, 0,.=*7 *> ,+.30/.3*1 /17 (,/+*1 >*( ,+.30/.3*1%


41/43 2"

Flow measurement

V19:'7, =,(, 31>*(0/.3*1 *1g

O .=, :*9/.3*1 /17 .30314 *> /15 >:*A 0,/+'(,0,1.+ ./S,1h

O .=, >:*A 0,/+'(,0,1. 0,.=*7 /17 .,9=1*:*45 ,0):*5,7 Z31.('+3@, *( *.=,(]^

O .=, 0,.=*7 /17 9'((,195 *> .=, 9/:3F(/.3*1 *> .=, )(,++'(, 0,/+'(,0,1. 31+.('0,1.+h /17

O 37,1.3>39/.3*1 *> A=,(, >:*A+ /(, ,+.30/.,7^ .=, 0,.=*7 *> ,+.30/.3*1 /17 (,/+*1 >*( ,+.30/.3*1%

Measurement of leakage and inappropriate use

8,+9(3F, =,(, =*A .=, >:*A (/., /17 ,1,(45 A/+., >(*0 :,/S/4, /17 31/))(*)(3/., '+,+ A/+ 37,1.3>3,7^ /17 =*A .=, ,1,(45'+, *> .=, /:.,(1/.3@, .,9=1*:*43,+ /17 ,1,(45 +*'(9,+ 3+ L'/1.3>3,7%

Estimates of implementation costs

&(*@37, =,(, .=, 0,.=*7 *( 0,.=*7+ '+,7 .* ,+.30/., .=, 9*+.+ *> 30):,0,1.314 .=, /9.3*1+ 319:'7,7 31 .=,

(,9*00,17/.3*1+% Y=3+ +=*':7 319:'7,g

O .=, +*'(9,+ *> .=, 9*+. ,+.30/.,+h

O .=, :,@,: *> /99'(/95 .=/. 9/1 F, ,J),9.,7h /17

O A=,.=,( *( 1*. /15 )(,>,((,7 +')):3,(+ /(, 31@*:@,7%

4. Audit Findings

.=, +5+.,0+ A3.=31 +9*),^ .=3+ +,9.3*1 +=*':7 7,+9(3F,^ /1/:5+, /17 L'/1.3>5 *))*(.'13.3,+ >*( ,>>393,193,+ 31 /

:*439/: +,L',19, >(*0 7,0/17 .=(*'4= .=, 1,.A*(S .* +')):5% 83+9'++3*1 *> *))*(.'13.3,+ >*( 9=/14, +=*':7 319:'7,9*1+37,(/.3*1 *> *.=,( @3/F:, *).3*1+ /:*14 A3.= .=, (,9*00,17,7 /9.3*1%

39/.3*1 *> /15 /:.,(1/.3@,+ .* .=, (,9*00,17,7 /9.3*1h /17

37,1.3>39/.3*1 *> 7,),17,193,+^ A=,(, / )/(.39':/( (,9*00,17/.3*1 0/5 F, 7,),17,1. *1 .=, 30):,0,1./.3*1 *>

+*0, *.=,( (,9*00,17/.3*1 *( *.=,( ):/1

Y=, 7,./3:,7 9*+.OF,1,>3. 9/:9':/.3*1+ .=/. +'))*(. ,/9= (,9*00,17/.3*1 +=*':7 F, 319:'7,7 /+ )/(. *> /1 /)),173J%

System demand side

7,0/17 *1 .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0^ /17 >(*0 .=, Z)*A,(]

7,0/17 )(*>3:, ./S,1 /. .=, )'0) 0*.*(^ 73+9'++ .=, @/(3*'+ *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.314 .* +5+.,0 >,/.'(,+ 7(3@314 7,0/17%

"-0H :@0/ ,1&$$&'( @1 +8&A,&'(

V19:'7, =,(, / 7,+9(3).3*1 *> /15 *))*(.'13.3,+ (,:/.,7 .(300314 *( +=3>.314 *> ),/S 7,0/17 *> :3L'37 >:*A%

L'0%%1@%1&0,- -'/ #+-+

V7,1.3>5 /17 7,+9(3F, .=, /)):39/.3*1+ A=,(, .=, )'0)314 *> .=, :3L'37 3+ 1*. .=, 0*+. /))(*)(3/., Z,1,(45O,>>393,1.] 0,/1+

*> /9=3,@314 .=, F'+31,++ )'()*+,%

L+@:0,&@' @%%@1,#'&,&-+

V7,1.3>5 /17 7,+9(3F, .=, /)):39/.3*1+ A=,(, .=, :3L'37 '+,+ 9/1 F, 3+*:/.,7 Z.(/1+)*(. +'+),17,7] F,.A,,1 .=,3( *),(/.314

),(3*7+%"1-++#1- 1-/#9,&@'

V7,1.3>5 /17 7,+9(3F, .=, /)):39/.3*1+ A=,(, .=, :*9/:3+,7 )(,++'(, 9/1 F, (,7'9,7% Y=,+, /(, 73+.319. >(*0 .=, *))*(.'13.5

.* (,7'9, )(,++'(, /. .=, +')):5 +*'(9, /+ /1 *))*(.'13.5 .* (,7'9, )(,++'(, +5+.,0OA37, A*':7 F, 9*@,(,7 31 .=, _+')):5O

+37,` +,9.3*1 *> .=, (,)*(.%

C:@D R-/#9,&@'

V7,1.3>5 /17 7,+9(3F, .=, /)):39/.3*1+ A=,(, .=, :*9/:3+,7 >:*A 9/1 F, (,7'9,7% Y=,+, /(, 73+.319. >(*0 .=, *))*(.'13.5 .*

(,7'9, >:*A /. .=, +')):5 +*'(9, /+ /1 *))*(.'13.5 .* (,7'9, >:*A +5+.,0OA37, A*':7 F, 9*@,(,7 31 .=, _+')):5O+37,`

+,9.3*1 *> .=, (,)*(.%

N-0H0(-

V7,1.3>5 /17 L'/1.3>5 .=, /0*'1. *> :,/S/4,^ /17 +),93>5 .=, )(3*(3.3,+ 31 .,(0+ *> :,/S (,)/3(+^ )(,@,1.3*1 /17 *14*314

.30,:5 Z,>>393,1.] 7,.,9.3*1%


42/43 2#

System network

"&%-D@1H 9@'/&,&@' 0'/ 9@'A&(#10,&@'

8,+9(3F, .=, /'73. >317314+ (,:/.314 .*g

.=, )=5+39/: 9*173.3*1 *> .=, 1,.A*(Sh

/15 )3),A*(S >,/.'(,+ +3413>39/1.:5 1*./F:, 30)/9.314 *1 7,0/17 *( )(,++'(,h /17

)3),A*(S 0/31.,1/19, )(/9.39,+%

.=, /F*@, 0/31 >317314+g

L'/1.3>5 .=, ,>>,9.+ *1 )(,++'(, /17i*( >:*A /++*93/.,7% 34'(/.3*1^ 9*1+.(39.3*1+^ :,14.= *( 9*((*+3*1 >,/.'(,%

"&%-D@1H +&]&'(

V19:'7, =,(, .=, /'73. >317314+ (,:/.314 .* )3), +3d314% V1 )/(.39':/(^ 37,1.3>5g

.=, ,J.,1. /17 :*9/.3*1 *> '17,(+3d,7 )3),A*(Sh

.=, ,>>,9. *1 )(,++'(, /17i*( >:*A *> ,/9= 319*((,9.:5 +3d,7 +,9.3*1 *> )3),A*(S%

Y=3+ 31>*(0/.3*1 +=*':7 :,/7 .* 9/:9':/.3*1+ *> )*.,1.3/: +/@314+^ /17 37,1.3>39/.3*1 /17 9*+.314 *> 9*+.O,>>,9.3@, +*:'.3*1+%

Q0:G-+ 0'/ A&:,-1+

V19:'7, / 73+9'++3*1 *1 A=,(, /15 @/:@,+ /17i*( >3:.,(+ F,314 '+,7^ /17 .=, )'()*+, *> .=,3( '+,% V1 /773.3*1^ L'/1.3>5 .=,

,>>,9.+ *1 )(,++'(, /17i*( >:*A /++*93/.,7 A3.= .=, '+,^ 03+'+,^ )**( 0/31.,1/19, *> @/:@,+ /17 >3:.,(+%

R=,(, / (,9*00,17/.3*1 3+ 0/7,^ 319:'7, / 7,+9(3).3*1 .=, @/:@, *( >3:.,( 9*19,(1,7^ .=, ,>>,9. *> .=, (,9*00,17/.3*1*1 )(,++'(, /17i*( >:*A^ / F'74,./(5 9*+. *> .=, +*:'.3*1 /17 .=, )/5F/9S >*( .=, 9:3,1.%

System supply side

Y=, +')):5 +37, *> .=, )'0)314 +5+.,0 Z.=, 0*.*(^ )'0) /17 7(3@, +5+.,0] 7,:3@,(+ 7,0/17 .=/. 3+ .=, +'0 *> .=,

)(*7'9.3@, (,L'3(,0,1.+ *> .=, F'+31,++ /+ A,:: /+ .=, 7,0/17 >(*0 +'FO*).30/: '+,+ /17 A/+.,%

Y=3+ +,9.3*1 *> .=, (,)*(. +=*':7 >*9'+ *1 .=, +')):5O+37, +*:'.3*1+ .=/. /(, ,9*1*039 *19, .=, 7*A1+.(,/0 7,0/17 =/+

F,,1 +),93>3,7 U 1,. *> .=, 7,0/17 >(*0 +*'(9,+ .=/. A3:: F, ,:3031/.,7 F5 .=, ,9*1*039 +*:'.3*1+ +),93>3,7 31 ,/(:3,(

(,9*00,17/.3*1+%

Y=, 7,0/17 )(*>3:,+ *F./31,7 >(*0 .=, ,:,9.(39/: :*44314^ /17 .=, /1/:5+3+ 9*17'9.,7 *1 .=, 7*A1+.(,/0 7,0/17 7(3@,(+^

+=*':7 )(*@37, .=, F/+3+ >*( 37,1.3>39/.3*1 *> .=, +')):5 +37, *))*(.'13.3,+%

"#$% %-1A@1$0'9- 90%0=&:&,*

Q+314 )'0) 7,+341 7/./ /17 (,:,@/1. /@/3:/F:, )'0) 9'(@,+^ 7,+9(3F, )'0) ),(>*(0/19, 9/)/F3:3.3,+ (,:/.3@, .* .=,+5+.,0 (,L'3(,0,1.+ /17 /9.'/: 7,0/17% K,>,( .* )'0)+ 9'(@,+ /17i*( 7/./ +=,,.+ )(*@37,7 31 /)),1739,+%

*(0/.3*1 +=*':7 319:'7,g (/.,7 )*A,( *> 0*.*( ZSR]h )'0) *'.)'. >:*A /. (/.,7 :*/7

Z0;i031'.,]h )'0) ,>>393,195 /. /@,(/4, :*/7 Zn]h /17 >:*A /17 .*./: )(,++'(, /. )'0) HP&

MZ0

;i031'., /17 S&/]%

"#$% -:-9,1&9&,* /-$0'/ 980109,-1&+,&9+

&(*@37, / +'00/(5 Z,%4% / ./F:,] *> .=, S,5 31>*(0/.3*1 9*::,9.,7 /17 7,(3@,7 >(*0 .=, )'0) 0*.*( ,:,9.(393.5 7/./:*44314

/17 /15 *.=,( 0,.,(314 *> .=, )'0) 0*.*( *@,( .=, /'73. ),(3*7%

Y=3+ 31>*(0/.3*1 +=*':7 319:'7,g /@,(/4, )*A,( :*/7314 ZSR]N /17 / 7,+9(3).3*1 *> /15 >:*A 9*1.(*: 0,.=*7 '+,7 /. .=,

)'0) *'.:,.% Y=, :*44314 (,9*(7+ +=*':7 F, 319:'7,7 31 /1 /)),173J .* .=, (,)*(.%

6:+* 319:'7, 31>*(0/.3*1 *1 )'0) 9*1>34'(/.3*1^ )'0) 30),::,( +'3./F3:3.5^ 7(3@,+ /17 7(3@, 9*'):314+^ ,J3+.,19, *( (3+S *>

9/@3./.3*1%

)#%%:*\+&/- 1-9@$$-'/0,&@'+

K,9*00,17/.3*1+ 0/5 319:'7, +*:'.3*1+ .* >:*A .=(*..:314 *( >:*A F5)/++ A=,(, / 0':.3O+./4, 0*.*( *( @/(3/F:, +),,7

7(3@, 3+ 31739/.,7 /+ / 9*+.O,>>,9.3@, +*:'.3*1 .* 0/.9=314 .=, F'+31,++ (,L'3(,0,1.+%

MHP& 0,/1+ _F,+. ,>>393,195 )*31.\

N6@,(/4, )*A,( 3+ .=, A,34=.,7 /@,(/4, SR @/:', 9/:9':/.,7 7'(314 ):/1. *),(/.314 =*'(+^ /17 3+ 317,),17,1. *> .=, 0,.=*7 *> >:*A

9*1.(*:%


43/43

5 Ongoing Performance MonitoringV1 .=3+ +,9.3*1 *> .=, (,)*(.^ 9*1+37,( /17 (,9*00,17 A=/. *1O4*314 '0) +5+.,0+ ),(>*(0/19, 0,/+'(,0,1. +5+.,0+

+=*':7 F, )'. 31 ):/9, F5 .=, 9:3,1.%

K,9*413+314 .=, 1,,7 .* 0,/+'(, )*A,( 9*1+'0).3*1 *> ,/9= )'0) .* ,+./F:3+= .=, F/+,:31, &PV^ .=, (,9*00,17/.3*1+

=,(, 31 (,:/.3*1 .* ,:,9.(393.5 0,.,(314 +=*':7 F, 31>:',19,7 F5 .=, 0,.,(314 7,93+3*1+ ./S,1 /. .=, 9*00,19,0,1. *> .=,

/'73. /17 73+9'++,7 ,/(:3,(%

Y=, 6'73. -./17/(7 *'.:31,+ .=, *).3*1+ >*( *14*314 ,:,9.(393.5 '+/4, 0,.,(314%

6 Summary of Recommendations

V19:'7, / +'00/(5 ./F:, *> .=, /9.3*1+ (,9*00,17,7 U 7(/A314 >(*0 /:: )(,@3*'+ +,9.3*1+% 61 ,J/0):, 3+ +=*A1 F,:*Ag

!"#$%%"&'()*$&,'"&)*-*". (&' !"/$.)

0"#)*$& !"-

1"/"&'2"

67"#).*#*)30(8*&9

:;

?&&@(7 #$A)A(8*&9

:B>

,%/7"%"&)()*$&C$A) :B>

0*%/7" /(3D(#;/".*$':3"(.A>

1"%(&'2A*'" ."#$%%"&'()*$&A!"# E4 0"# FGFGF

!"# EH 0"# FGFGF

I")J$.; ."#$%%"&'()*$&A!"# EK 0"# FGFGF!"# EL 0"# LGFGF

0@//732A*'" ."#$%%"&'()*$&A!"# EM 0"# FGFGF!"# EN 0"# FGFGF

O&9$*&9 %$&*)$.*&9 ."#$%%"&'()*$&!"# EP 0"# FGFGF

7 Appendices

Y=, /)),1739,+ +=*':7 319:'7,g

"% -9=,0/.39 *> ,/9= *> .=, &'0)314 +5+.,0+

#% 6'73. 7/./ (,9*(7+^ 319:'7314 (,:,@/1. )'0) 9'(@,+ /17 )'0) W*44314 (,9*(7+ U >*( ,:,9.(393.5^ )(,++'(, /17 >:*A%

;% I*+. F,1,>3. 7,./3:+ *> *).3*1+ /17 (,9*00,17/.3*1+

V1 (,:/.3*1 .* .=, 9*+.OF,1,>3. 7,./3:+^ )/(.39':/(:5 A=,(, .=, /'73. A3:: F, '+,7 .* +'))*(. F'+31,++ 31@,+.0,1.+^ .=,

(,:,@/1. /)),173J +=*':7 )(*@37, / +'00/(5 *> .=, 7/./ /17 9/:9':/.3*1+ ),(>*(0,7 >*( ,/9= *).3*1 /17 (,9*00,17/.3*1%

V1 /773.3*1^ .=3+ +=*':7 F, /99*0)/13,7 F5g

/15 +')):3,( *( 31+./::,( L'*./.3*1+ .=/. +'))*(. .=, 30):,0,1./.3*1 9*+. ,+.30/.,+^ /17 /15 /++'0).3*1+ .=/.

9*':7 0/.,(3/::5 />>,9. .=, /99'(/95 *> .=, )/5F/9S ),(3*7h /17 A=,(, .=,(, /(, .=, +,@,(/: *).3*1+ >*( .=, +/0, *'.9*0,^ 9:,/( >:/44314 *> .=, *).3*1+ /+ F,314 0'.'/::5

,J9:'+3@,%

Y=3+ :,@,: *> 7,./3: 9/1 F, 30)*(./1. .* .=, +'F+,L',1. 7,@,:*)0,1. *> /1 31@,+.0,1. )(*)*+/:%

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