PUMPS
PUMP
A MECHANICAL DEVICE WHICH WHEN INTERPOSED IN A PIPELINE CONVERTS
THE MECHANICAL ENERGY SUPPLIED TO IT FROM SOME EXTERNAL SOURCE INTO
HYDRAULIC ENERGY
TRANSFERS THE SAME TO THE FLUID IN THE PIPELINE ,INCREASING THE
ENERGY OF THE FLUID
A DEVICE TO RAISE,TRANSPORT, OR COMPRESS FLUIDS
Classification of pumps
TWO TYPES OF PUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
a)Rotary
b)Reciprocating
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
WHEN A CERTAIN MASS OF LIQUID IS MADE TO ROTATE BY AN EXTERNAL
FORCE
IT IS THROWN AWAY FROM CENTRAL AXIS OF ROTATION
A CENTRIFUGAL HEAD IS FORMED ENABLING IT TO RISE TO A HIGHER
LEVEL
CONTINOUS AVAILABILITY OF LIQUID AT THE CENTER OF ROTATION
ENSURES CONTINOUS SUPPLY OF LIQUID AT A HIGHER LEVEL
AS LIFTING OF LIQUID IS DUE TO CENTRIFUGAL ACTION THESE PUMPS
ARE CALLED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIRECTION OF FLOW OF LIQUID IN THE
IMPELLER
RADIAL FLOW
AXIAL FLOW
MIXED FLOW
RADIAL FLOW PUMP
STRAIGHT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
COMMON TYPE IS VOLUTE PUMP
FLUID ENTERS AT AXIS OF IMPELLER ROTATING AT HIGH SPEED
FLUID IS THROWN RADIALLY OUTWARD INTO PUMP CASING AT A HIGH
PRESSURE AND VELOCITY
HIGH VELOCITY OF FLUID IS TRANSFORMED INTO PRESSURE HEAD BY
CASING VOLUTE
PARTIAL VACUUM CREATED CONTINOUSLY DRAWS MORE FLUID INTO
PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
COMPONENT PARTS
IMPELLER
CASING
SUCTION PIPE
DELIVERY PIPE
IMPELLER
WHEEL OR ROTOR PROVIDED WITH A SERIES OF BACKWARD VANES OR
BLADES
MOUNTED ON A SHAFT COUPLED TO AN EXTERNAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
SOURCE OF EXTRNAL ENERGY ROTATES THE IMPELLER
CLASSIFIED AS CLOSED ,SEMI-OPEN AND OPEN IMPELLER
CASING
AIR TIGHT CHAMBER SURROUNDING THE IMPELLER
KINETIC ENERGY OF WATER IS CONVERTED TO PRESSURE ENERGY IN THE
CASING
SUCTION PIPE
PIPE CONNECTED AT ITS UPPER END TO INLET OF PUMP OR CENTER OF
IMPELLER
LOWER END OF SUCTION PIPE DIPS INTO LIQUID IN A SUCTION TANK OR
SUMP
LOWER END IS FITTED WITH A FOOT VALVE AND STRAINER
FOOT VALVE IS A NON RETURN VALVE WHICH OPENS ONLY IN UPWARD
DIRECTION
IT WIL NOT ALLOW LIQUID TO GO DOWNWARD INTO THE SUMP
Flooded Suction
A Suction Head exists when the liquid is taken from an open to
atmosphere tank where the liquid level is above the centerline of
the pump suction, commonly known as a Flooded Suction.
DELIVERY PIPE
DELIVERS THE LIQUID TO THE REQUIRED HEIGHT
CONNECTED AT ITS LOWER END TO THE OUTLET OF THE PUMP
JUST NEAR THE OUTLET OF PUMP A DELIVERY VALVE IS PROVIDED
DELIVERY VALVE CONTROLS THE FLOW FROM THE PUMP INTO THE DELIVERY
PIPE
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
ARE ROBUST
RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE
QUIET
DEPENDABLE
COMPACT
SIMPLE IN CONSTRUCTION
DO NOT REQUIRE INLET AND OUTLET CHECK VALVES
DIFFUSER PUMP
ANOTHER TYPE OF RADIAL FLOW CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
FLUID AFTER LEAVING IMPELLER PASSES THROUGH A RING OF FIXED
VANES DIFFUSING THE LIQUID
PROVIDES MORE CONTROLLED FLOW
MORE EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF VELOCITY HEAD INTO PRESSURE
HEAD
AXIAL FLOW CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
ROTOR IS PROPELLER
FLUID FLOWS PARALLEL TO THE AXIS
AXIAL FLOW CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
LIQUID IS SUCKED AND IS ACTUALLY PUSHED OR DISPLACED DUE TO THE
ACTION OF A MOVING MEMBER RESULTING IN THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE
FLUID
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
ROTORY
GEAR PUMP
VANE PUMP
LOBE PUMP
SCREW PUMP
2.RECIPROCATING
PLUNGER PUMP
DIAPHRAGM PUMP
ROTARY PUMP
GEAR PUMP
a)EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
b)INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
ONE GEAR IS DRIVER OTHER DRIVEN
PARTIAL VACUUM CREATED BY UNMESHING OF ROTATING GEARS DRAWS
FLUID INTO PUMP
FLUID IS TRANSMITTED TO OTHER END OF PUMP BETWEEN ROTATING GEAR
AND FIXED CASING
MESHING OF ROTATING GEARS CAUSES AN INCREASE IN PRESSURE
FORCING THE FLUID INTO THE OUTLET
CAN DISCHARGE IN EITHER DIRECTION DEPENDING ON DIRECTION OF
ROTATION
INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
DRIVEN GEAR IS ROTOR WITH INTERNALLY CUT GEAR
MESHING WITH TEETH OF EXTERNALLY CUT IDLER GEAR
SET OFF CENTER FROM ROTOR
VANE PUMP
ROTOR IS MOUNTED OFF CENTER
RECTANGULAR VANES ARE POSITIONED AT REGULAR INTERVELS AROUND THE
ROTOR
EACH VANE IS FREE TO MOVE IN A SLOT
CENTIFUGAL FORCE FROM ROTATION THROWS THE VANES OUTWARD TO FORM
A SEAL AGAINST THE FIXED CASING
AS ROTOR ROTATES PARTIAL VACCUM CREATED AT SUCTION DRAWS IN
FLUID
FLUID IS TRANSFERRED TO OTHER SIDE OF PUMP IN THE SPACE BETWEEN
ROTOR & CASING
AT DISCHARGE SIDE AVAILABLE VOLUME IS DECREASED
INCRESE IN PRESSURE FORCES LIQUID INTO DISCHARGE
VANE PUMP
PUMPING RATE CAN BE VARIED BY CHANGING DEGREE OF ECCENTRICITY OF
ROTOR
DO NOT NEED INLET AND OUTLET CHECK VALVES
CAN PUMP FLUIDS CONTAINING VAPOURS OR GASES
NOT SUITABLE FOR PUMPING FLUIDS CONTAINING SOLID PARTICLES
LOBE PUMP
RESEMBLE EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
HAVE ROTORS WITH TWO,THREE,OR FOUR LOBES IN PLACE OF GEARS
BOTH ROTORS ARE DRIVEN
HAVE A PULSATING OUTPUT THAN EXTERNAL GEAR PUMPS
LESS SUBJECT TO WEAR
SCREW PUMP
A HELICAL SCREW ROTOR REVOLVES IN A FIXED CASING
CASING SHAPED SO THAT CAVITIES FORMED AT INTAKE MOVE TOWARDS THE
DISCHARGE AS THE SCREW ROTATES
AS A CAVITY FORMS,A PARTIAL VACUUM IS CREATED,WHICH DRAWS FLUID
INTO THE PUMP
FLUID IS TRANSFERRED TO OTHER SIDE OF PUMP INSIDE THE
PROGRESSING CAVITY
SHAPE OF FIXED CASING IS SUCH THAT AT THE DISCHARGE END OF THE
PUMP THE CAVITY CLOSES,GENERATING AN INCREASED PRESSURE FORCING THE
FLUID INTO THE OUTLET
SCREW PUMP
CAN PUMP LIQUIDS CONTAINING VAPOURS OR SOLID PARTICLES
DELIVER A STEADY OUTPUT WITH NEGLIGIBLE PULSATIONS
USED FOR PUMPING HIGHLY VISCOUS FLUIDS
IS BULKY,HEAVY AND EXPENSIVE
IS ROBUST,SLOW TO WEAR,HAVE LONG LIFE
PLUNGER PUMP
CONSISTS OF A PLUNGER MOVING TO AND FRO IN A CLOSE FITTING
CYLINDER
CYLINDER IS CONNECTED TO SUCTION AND DELIVERY PIPES
PROVIDED WITH NON-RETURN VALVES IN SUCTION AND DELIVERY PIPES
CALLED SUCTION AND DELIVERY VALVE
PLUNGER IS CONNECTED TO A CRANK BY MEANS OF A CONNECTING ROD
PLUNGER PUMP
DURING OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF PLUNGER A PARTIALVACUUM CREATED IN
CYLINDER FORCES THE LIQUID BELOW THE SUMP TO ENTER THE CYLINDER
OPENING THE SUCTION VALVE
INWARD MOVEMENT OF PLUNGER CAUSES PRESURE TO RISE ABOVE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE CAUSING THE CLOSING OF SUCTION VALVE AND
OPENING OF DELIVERY VALVE
LIQUID IS FORCED UP THE DELIVERY PIPE
PLUNGER PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO LIQUID BEING IN CONTACT WITH
ONE SIDE OR BOTH SIDES OF PLUNGER
SINGLE ACTING PUMP
DOUBLE ACTING PUMP
SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMP
SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMP
HAS ONE SUCTION AND ONE DELIVERY PIPE
IN ONE COMPLETE ROTATION OF CRANK THERE IS ONLY ONE SUCTION
STROKE AND ONE DELIVERY STROKE
DOUBLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMP
DOUBLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMP
HAS TWO SUCTION AND DELIVERY PIPES
DURING EACH STROKE WHEN SUCTION TAKES PLACE ON ONE SIDE OF THE
CYLINDER THE OTHER SIDE DELIVERS THE LIQUID
IN ONE ROTATION OF CRANK THERE ARE TWO SUCTION STROKES AND TWO
DELIVERY STROKES
PLUNGER PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF CYLINDERS PROVIDED
SINGLE CYLINDER PUMP
DOUBLE CYLINDER PUMP
TRIPLE CYLINDER PUMP
PLUNGER PUMP
PUMPING RATES CAN BE VARIED BY CHANGING THE RECIPROCATING SPEED
OF PLUNGER
ALSO BY VARYING THE STROKE LENGTH OF PLUNGER
PUMP IS EXPENSIVE BUT RELIABLE AND DURABLE
DIAPHRAGM PUMP
PISTON IS REPLACED WITH A PULSATING FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM
FLUID ENTERS AND LEAVES THE PUMP THROUGH CHECK VALVES
DIAPHRAGMS ARE ACTUATED USING COMPRESSED AIR OR OIL
USED FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS CONTAINING SOLID PARTICLES
MECHANICAL SEAL
USE OF HIGHER SPEEDS, HOT AND CORROSIVE LIQUID
CONSIDERABLE PACKING TROUBLE
FRICTION OF PACKING CAUSING DAMAGE TO SHAFT,SLEEVE
LEAK PROOF CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRECISION LAPPED CARBON RING
REVOLVING AGAINIST A MATED PRECISION LAPPED METAL RING
REVOLVING PART TIRNS WITH THE SHAFT
STATIONARY RING IS HELD BY PUMP CASING
SEALING JOINT IS BETWEEN TWO FLAT SURFACES
MECHANICAL SEAL
SILICON CARBIDE
TUNSTEN CARBIDE
CARBON
COUPLINGS
RIGID COUPLING
TO CONNECT SHAFTS IN PERFECT ALIGNMENT
MUFF COUPLING
FLANGED COUPLING
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
CROWN PIN COUPLING
TYRE COUPLING
FLEXIBLE BELT COUPLING
CURVED TOOTH FLEXIBLE GEARED COUPLING
