Pump-Up

• How does the U.S. respond to the fear of Communism?

• Predict what the fear of Communism might lead America to do.

Beginning of the Cold War

Today’s Vocabulary • Iron Curtain– Division that separated Europe; Democracy existed to

the west and Communism to the east.

• Marshall Plan– Aid program to rebuild European nations in order to

resist communism.

• Korean War– 1st attempt to contain Communism in Asia.

Today’s Vocabulary

• NATO– Alliance formed by Democratic countries to protect their

nation against a Communist attack.

• Warsaw Pact– Alliance formed by Communist countries to protect their

nation against an attack from a Democratic nation.

The Iron Curtain• Stalin wanted control over Eastern

Europe to create a buffer zone between the Soviet Union and Europe.

• Many countries fall to Communism.• Satellite nations.

• Many were concerned that Soviets wouldn’t stop at Eastern Europe.

• Iron curtain– Communism in the East.– Democracy in the West.

U.S. Responds• Containment– Stop the spread of Communism from

going further.– U.S. would help fight aggressive

nations.

• Truman Doctrine– Gave Greece and Turkey $400 million

to resist the Soviet Union.

• Marshall Plan– Gave economic aid to Western

European nations to help rebuild after WWII and resist Communism.

– $13 billion to 17 countries.

Berlin Airlift

• Germany and Berlin were split into occupied 4 zones.

• The Soviets blocked all roads and RRs into West Berlin.– Free area in the middle of Soviet

control.

• Western powers decide to supply West Berlin by air.– 7,000 tons were delivered daily.– Soviet Union lifted blockade in May

1949.

New Alliances

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization– An armed attack against one

Democratic nation would be considered an attack against all.

• Warsaw Pact– Same as NATO except to protect

Communist nations.

Fear of Communism

• Discovered that the Soviet Union had developed an atomic weapon.

• China had turned into a Communist nation.– People’s Republic of China led by Mao

Zedong.– Signed a treaty of friendship with the

Soviet Union.

Korean War Begins• Korean had been controlled by the

Japanese.– Soviet Union takes control of North

Korea.– U.S. takes control of South Korea.

• North Korea crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded South Korea.– Truman decided that the U.S. would

fight against aggression and try to contain communism.

– United Nations declares war.

MacArthur is Fired • MacArthur believed that Chinese

forces needed to be pushed back and that Communism should be eliminated from China.– Thought that the U.S. needed to wage war

on China and drop the atomic bomb if necessary.

• When President Truman disagreed, MacArthur argued that he was making a mistake to keep a limited war. – Truman fired MacArthur for

insubordination.

Fighting Ends• Peace talks went back and forth. – Fighting continued and both sides

suffered heavy causalities.

• Dwight Eisenhower wins the election of 1952.– Promised to end the Korean War.

• Armistice on July 27th 1953.– Left Korea looking like it did before the

war.– Thousands died or injured.

Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies • Massive Retaliation– Promise to use overwhelming force to

settle serious conflict with communist nation.

– 1,000 bombs in 1953 to 18,000 in 1961.

• Brinkmanship– The willingness to the verge of war to force

the other side to back down.

• Created the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).– Overthrew communism friendly gov’ts in

Iran and Guatemala.

Progression of the Cold War

• Nikita Khrushchev– Violently crushed rebellion in

Hungary.

• U-2 Incident – Sent plane to spy on the Soviet

Union but was seen and shot down.– Damaged U.S. & Soviet relations.

Tensions in the Middle East• Israel declared its independence.

– Zionist Movement- Migration of European Jews to Palestine.

• Egypt (with Soviet support) seizes the Suez Canal.– Blocked Israel’s only outlet to the sea.– Eisenhower urges Israel to back down.

• Eisenhower Doctrine– U.S. would help any Middle Eastern

nation trying to resist communist aggression.

– Lebanon

The Arms Race• U.S. and Soviets began to build up

stockpiles of weapons.– Each sought new and better weapons.

• ICBMs—Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles.– Could reach anywhere in the world

within 30 minutes.

• Hydrogen Bomb– Potential to create a blast hundreds of

times more powerful than an atomic bomb.

Space Exploration• Sputnik– 1st satellite.– Launched by the Soviet Union.

• Sputnik II – Carried a dog.

• NASA– The National Aeronautics and

Space Administration.– Hoped to land a man on the

moon.

Americans React• Americans feared a nuclear

fallout.

• Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA)– Helped educate and prepare the

public for nuclear emergencies.– “How to Survive an Atomic Bomb.”– Duck and cover drills at school.– Air raid sirens.– Bomb shelters in back yards

stocked with necessary supplies.

Classwork• Today you will create your own 5 minute

propaganda video to inform citizens what to do in case of a nuclear fallout.

• Must include:– What will you do to prepare for a nuclear fallout to keep

yourself safe?– What will you do during a nuclear fallout to keep

yourself safe?– What will you do after a nuclear fallout to keep yourself

safe?

Reflection

• Explain how the U.S. tries to contain Communism abroad and how America prepares to fight Communist nations if needed.