Pulse Disease Issues

Kent McKay, NCRECArea Extension AgronomistArea Extension Agronomist

Minot, ND

Pulse Disease IssuesPulse Disease Issues

12 years of field observations12 years of field observations

Disease is a concern, however, not a , ,significant problem as with other crops

What are the major disease concerns in field pea, lentil, chickpea?

Fungicide and seed treatment trial results

Field Pea Disease IssuesField Pea Disease IssuesSoil-borne diseases have caused more problems pthan foliar diseases

Seed Treatment considerations

Powdery mildewPotential of being the most serious foliar disease

Ascochyta blight:Different species than lentil or chickpeaPeas have shown excellent tolerance

Sclerotinia:Sclerotinia:Semi-leafless peas have exhibited good tolerance

S d T t t C id tiSeed Treatment Considerations:

Early planting = cold soil conditions

Of l d d h id ( ill)Often planted under heavy residue (no-till)

40° il ld t k 14+ d t40° soils; peas could take 14+ days to emerge = more susceptible to seed rot

Loss in stand = can’t afford it!!!

S d T t t C id tiSeed Treatment Considerations:

2002/2003: Isolated seed rot issuesCold, wet May: delayed emergenceTight rotation: peas on canola

Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and Pythium caused isolated problems and reduced pea standsisolated problems and reduced pea stands

Seed Treatment Options:NDSU Extension Service circular PP622

North Dakota Field Crop Fungicide Guide

Fungicide seed treatments for peaFungicide seed treatments for pea

Apron or AllegianceControls pythium onlyLittle or no impact on rhizobia

MaximSeed rots: fusarium, rhizoctonia (except Pythium)Impact on rhizobia( safe?)p ( )

ApronMaxxfusarium, rhizoctonia, pythium

Captanfusarium, rhizoctonia Moderate impact on Rhizobia

Field pea seed treatments at Minot, 2003.

Fungicide seed treatment

Standplants/A

Yield bu/A

No Inoculant, no seed trt 264,859 32

Inoculant, no seed trt 267,059 34

Kodiak 238,766 36

K di k All i 242 812 37Kodiak + Allegiance 242,812 37

Apron 267,094 34

ApronMaxx 250,906 35p ,

Captan 254,953 33

LSD 0.05 NS NS

CV% 15.6 8.6

Fungicide seed Stand Nodulation Yield

Field pea seed treatments at Langdon, 2003.

Fungicide seed treatment

Stand plants/A

Nodulation no./plant

Yieldbu/A

No inoculant, no seed trt 323,750 30 49

Inoculant, no seed trt 259,000 35 47

Kodiak 259,000 39 51

Kodiak + Allegiance 279 234 24 49Kodiak + Allegiance 279,234 24 49

Apron 271,141 23 49

ApronMaxx 287 328 29 50ApronMaxx 287,328 29 50

Captan 356,125 18 48

LSD 0.05 NS NS NS

CV% 22.5 54.3 10.5

N d l ti

Field pea seed treatments at Carrington, 2003.

Fungicide seed treatment

Stand (plants/A)

Nodulation 1=profuse

9=no nodulesYield

(bu/A)

N i l t d t t 250 906 4 0 49No inoculant, no seed trt 250,906 4.0 49

Inoculant, no seed trt 226,625 3.8 59

Kodiak 271,141 4.0 52

Kodiak + Allegiance 254,953 4.0 51

Apron 259,000 3.5 55

ApronMaxx 267 094 4 3 55ApronMaxx 267,094 4.3 55

Captan 254,953 5.3 52

LSD 0.05 NS NS NS

CV% 10.2 25.2 13.6

Field Pea Disease Issues:Field Pea Disease Issues:

Powdery Mildew:Powdery Mildew:- has the potential of being the most seriousdisease in field pea (planting date issue)

2003: harvest issue rather than a yield loss issueShould not affect seed quality or germination

Yellow pea: resistant varieties availableGreen pea: no” true” resistant varieties yet

P d MildPowdery Mildew:Most significant foliar disease in peaMost significant foliar disease in peaCauses white “powdery” spots on leavesWet heavy dews help spread the disease toWet, heavy dews help spread the disease to the podsInfected plants will not mature normallyInfected plants will not mature normallyCan result in harvest problems (desiccation), seed size issues and yield lossseed size issues and yield loss

P d MildPowdery Mildew:Most often a problem with late plantingsMost often a problem with late plantings(mid-May or later)Infection typically occurs late in the seasonyp y(late July-August )Yield loss typically doesn’t occur unless yp yinfection occurs prior to pod set Resistant varieties becoming availableQuadris fungicide labeled for control

Field Pea Seeding Date TrialsgCarrington 96-98, Minot 97-98, Langdon 98

50

60CarringtonMinot

30

40

acre

Langdon

20

30

Bu/

a

0

10

Early May Mid May Late May E-M June

Questions or CommentsQuestions or Commentson Field Pea Diseases?

Lentil Disease Issues:Lentil Disease Issues:

Ascoch ta blightAscochyta blight:Seed-borne infections a concern

1 to 2% seed infection can cause serious wide1 to 2% seed infection can cause serious wide spread problemsPlant ascochyta free seed

LSP seed treatment highly recommendedLabeled in chickpea, Sect.18 for Lentil

Anthracnose: need to monitor for in ND

Lentil Disease Issues:Lentil Disease Issues:

Ascochyta blight: y gDifferent species than lentil or chickpeaLesions develop on leaves, stems, podsCan cause significant yield and quality loss in lentils

Quadris: labeled for control6.2 fl oz/acre ($16/A)($ )

Fungicide trial results: Minot, 2002 & 2003

2002 Lentil Fungicide TrialNCREC, Minot, ND

2400

Untreated 1 app Quadris 6.2 fl oz

2100

2000

2200

b/A

15261600

1800

yiel

d lb

1200

1400

2003 Lentil Fungicide TrialNCREC, Minot, ND

1800

Untreated 1 app Quadris 6.2 fl oz

148915621600

b/A

1489

1400yiel

d lb

1200

Chickpea Disease Issues:Chickpea Disease Issues:

Seed treatment considerations:Seed treatment considerations:

Ascochyta blightAscochyta blight

SclerotiniaSclerotinia

Chickpea Seed Treatment Options:Chickpea Seed Treatment Options:Apron or Allegiance:p g

A must for stand establishment

LSP:LSP:Highly recommended for seed-borne ascochyta control

Maxim: Fusarium, rhizoctonia

Dynasty/Protégé: new for 2004Seedling blights

Large Kabuli Seed Treatment Trial NCREC, Minot. 2001

Fungicide seed treatment

Standplants/sq. ft

Yield lb/A

Untreated 0.7 185

Apron/Maxim 4.2 814

Apron/Maxim/Mertect 4.8 838

Captan/Allegiance 4.8 951

Captan/Allegiance/LSP 3.7 774

LSD 0.05 1.5 216

Ascochyta Blight:Ascochyta Blight:

Current recommendations:Large kabuli types

4 fungicide application program (needs to be b d t d i ll f th t t )budgeted in all areas of the state)2 Bravo apps followed by 2 Strobi apps (either Quadris or Headline)

Desi/Small kabuli types more tolerant1 or 2 fungicide applications can significantly increase yield under moderate/severe ascochytaincrease yield under moderate/severe ascochyta pressureUntreated yields respectable at Minot, Williston, Hettinger and even CarringtonHettinger, and even Carrington

2000 – 2003 NDSU / MSU Chickpea Disease Research:

Researchers:Researchers:NCREC, Minot, ND: Kent McKay, Mark Halvorson, Robert Gjellstad, Kristie Michels CREC, Carrington, ND: Bob Henson, Blaine SchatzHREC, Hettinger, ND: Eric EriksmoenWREC, Williston, ND: Neil RivelandMSU: Perry Miller, Jack Riesselman

Chickpea Variety by Fungicide TrialChickpea Variety by Fungicide Trial

Carrington, Hettinger, Minotg , g ,Large Kabuli: Dwelley, CDC Yuma, SierraSmall Kabuli: B-90 (Amit)Desi: Myles

Fungicide Treatments:Fungicide Treatments:Untreated1 app of Quadris (early bloom)2 apps. of Quadris (early bloom, pod stage)2 Bravo apps. followed by 2 Quadris apps(2 Bravo apps prior to flower: early bloom, pod stage)( a o apps p o to o e ea y b oo , pod stage)

2002-03 AVG Large Kabuli Yields

2000

2500

1500

2000

lb/AUntreatedQ

500

1000lb/A Q

Q / QB / B / Q / Q

0

500

Dwelley Sierra YumaDwelley Sierra Yuma

2002-03 AVG2002 03 AVGSmall Kabuli and Desi Yields

2500

1500

2000

lb/AUntreatedQ

500

1000lb/A Q

Q / QB / B / Q / Q

0

500

B-90 Mylesy

Effect of Fungicide Treatments on Ascochyta Seed InfectionEffect of Fungicide Treatments on Ascochyta Seed Infection (%) in Chickpea Varieties, Minot 2002**

8

9

10

5

6

7 Untreated

Quadris

2

3

4 Quadris/Quadris

Bravo/Bravo/Quadris/Quadris

0

1

B-90 Dwelley Myles Sierra

**Based on samples of 500 seed plated onto potato dextrose agar

2002-03 AVG2002 03 AVG Large Kabuli Net Income

400450

250300350

$/AUntreatedQ

100150200

$/A QQ / QB / B / Q / Q

050

Dwelley Sierra Yumay

2002-03 AVG2002 03 AVGSmall Kabuli and Desi Net Income

250

300

150

200

250

$/AUntreatedQ

100

150$/A QQ / QB / B / Q / Q

0

50

B-90 MylesB 90 Myles

2002-03 AVG2002 03 AVG Large Kabuli Final Disease Rating

6

7

4

5

of 0

-9 UntreatedQ

2

3

Scal

e QQ / QB / B / Q / Q

0

1

Dwelley Sierra Yumay

2002-03 AVG Small Kabuli and Desi2002 03 AVG Small Kabuli and Desi Final Disease Rating

2

2.5

1.5

2

of 0

-9 UntreatedQ

0 5

1Scal

e o Q

Q / QB / B / Q / Q

0

0.5

B-90 MylesB-90 Myles

S l ti iSclerotinia:Pulse Crops:Pulse Crops:

Not as susceptible as sunflower, canola or dry beancanola or dry beanSemi-leafless field pea similar t l b tt t l thtolerance or even better tolerance than soybeanC b f ll d ith thCan be successfully used with other broadleaf crops in “stacked” rotations

Sclerotinia Hosts:Sclerotinia Hosts:Alternative Cropsp

Blaine Schatz’ Studies at Carrington REC

Sclerotia/Acre, Carrington 90-92

90100

Sclerotia, lb/A

60708090

304050

01020

Black Pinto Crambe Safflower Soybean CanolaBlackBean

PintoBean

Crambe Safflower Soybean Canola

Schatz

Sclerotia/Acre, Carrington 90-92

90100

Sclerotia, lb/A

60708090

30405060

0102030

0Blk Bn Chkpea Mustard Lentil Pea Bckwht Flax

Schatz