Published by United Farm Workers January 1986

EDITORIALVolume 3, Number 1

FOOD AND JUSTICE

January 1986

BOYCOTT

Fifteen Members ofParliament from the three majorpoliticalparties pledged support for grapeboycott in the House of Commons in Ottawa, the capital of Canada.

Boycott Hopes Soar in CanadaChavez met with Toronto Mayor

Art Eggleton and the city council. Thecouncil passed a unanimous resolu­tion in support of the grape boycottand Mayor Eggleton proclaimed Octo­ber 8 "Grape Boycott Day." "I urge allTorontonians not to buy grapes untillegal protections are restored to Cali­fornia farm workers," the Mayor said.

Thanking the council for its en­dorsement, Chavez said cLjtting offCalifornia grape sales in Toronto wasimportant: "Toronto is the third-largestmarket for fresh grapes in NorthAmerica. You consume grapes at arate far out of proportion to youralmost three million population."

Chavez also noted that Canadiansbuy 15 percent of the fresh grapesproduced in California and thatToronto, Vancouver a.nd Montreal arethree of the 10 largest markets in theworld for west coast produce. "You

During his grueling 28-day, 17­city, 4,000 mile coast-to-coast boy­cott tour of Canada, Cesar Chavezdidn't suffer from jet lag. The entiretrip was made i'n a used '79 Olds 88.

But while Chavez kept his feet onthe ground, hopes for success of thenew international boycott of non­UFW fresh grapes were flying high.

In Toronto, Chavez watched res­pectfully as the Canadian flag -- a redmaple leaf brilliant against a whitebackground -- was slowly raised tothe top of the flagpole over City Hallon October 8.

But the Canadian flag fluttered inthe breeze for only a few momentsbefore it was slowly lowered. ThenChavez watched with pride as anotherflag took the maple leafs place overToronto for the rest of the day -- theblack eagle emblem of the UnitedFarm Workers of America.

Food and Justice (ISSN0885-0704) is publishedmonthly for $5 per year bythe United Farm Workers ofAmerica, AFL·CIO, OldHighway 58, La Paz, Califor·nia 93570. Application tomall at second·class post·age rates is pending atKeene, California.POSTMASTER: Send addresschanges to:Food and JusticeLa Paz, CA 93570.

Writer;Fr. Ken IrrgangPhotographer:Victor AlemanProduction Director:Paul Chavez

National Executive Board:

President"Cesal ChavezSecretary~Treasurer:

Peter VelascoFirst Vice-President;Dolores HuertaSecond Vice-PresidentFrank OrtizThird Vice-PresidentDavid MartinezMembers:Arturo RodnguezArturo MendozaOscar MondragonSen Maddock

Editorial Board

Cesar Chavez, EdItorDavid Martinez, Associate EditorFrank: OrtizArturo RodriguezArturo MendozaOscar MondragonSen MaddockRoberto de la CruzBarbara Macri

Magazine of the United FarmWorkers 01 Ameflca, AFL"CIOLa Paz, Keene, CA 93570

®~ll

Recent boycott tours of Texas and Canada(reported in this issue) provide heartwarmingtestimony to the mounting support people every­where are providing our new boycott of Californiafresh grapes.*

Texans and Canadians responded by thethousands enthusiastically to our boycott mes­sage. We also attracted extensive press coveragefor the grape boycott in every city and town wevisited. The threats posed to farm workers andconsumers by the pesticide poisoning of grapeswas a special source of interest and concern.

People are shocked to learn that farm wor­kers are being just as badly abused today as theywere before California's farm labor law was passedin 1975. They are angered to learn how law-and­order Gov. George Deukmejian refuses to enforcethe law enacted 10 years ago to protect farmworkers.

There are other signs the boycott is working.Grape prices are down to 39¢ a pound ...and evenlower in some areas. Cold storage facilities arecrammed with unsold grapes. One grape producerrecently told a member of the UFW's executiveboard: "We were positive you guys could neverpull off another successful boycott. But we'rehurting already." Y4except the 3% of grapes produced under UFW contract

2 3

Canadians expressing support for the grape boycott.

came from making the long andarduous trip across Canada by car -­staying in people's homes and visitingwith them in restaurants, gas stations,and drug stores. He took note of thespecial concern the Canadian peopleand government have for the sufferingand oppressed outside the nation'sborders. "We farm workers, certainly,but the down and out in other coun­tries, too, are grateful there are suchpeople as Canadians -- you give ushope:' he said.

The month-long journey coveredlarge and small cities in nearly all ofthe 10 provinces of the second-largestcountry in the world.

Chavez stopped to promote theboycott in the provinces of BritishColumbia (Vancouver); Alberta (overthe Rockies to Edmonton, Red Deer,and Calgary); Saskatchewan (Saska­toon and Regina); Manitoba (Winni­peg); Ontario (Thunder Bay, Sault Ste.

5

Art Kube, president of the British ColumbiaFederation ofLabour (second from left, backrow), and Raj Chouhan, president of theCanadian Farm Workers Union (second fromleft, front row), and other labor leaders wel­comed Chavez and UFW National ExecutiveBoard Member Arturo Rodriguez (extremeleft, front row) to Vancouver.

Toronto Mayor Art Eggleton (with hand raisedat podium) and City Council members voteto endorse the UFW grape boycott.

use "Merci beaucoups!" The QuebecFederation of Labor, the MontrealCentral Labor Council, the LoyolaJesuit Community, the MontrearCiti­zens Movement, the United Food andCommercial Workers, the TeachersUnion, the Confederation of NationalTrade Unions, the Social Justice Com­mittee of the Archdiocese of Montreal,and other groups and individuals allexpressed support for the boycott.

The PeopleArturo Rodriguez, a UFW national

executive board member who accom­panied Chavez on the trip, said thefriendliness and hospitality shown inVancouver were impressive but notunique. "Everywhere we went:' hesaid, "people made their resourcesavailable to us and threw open theirhomes to us."

In a speech in London, Ontario,Chavez also spoke of the rewards that

Columbia, farm workers risk their livesby working with toxic pesticides:'he said.

ParliamentIn Ottawa, the nation's capital,

the boycott produced a rare display ofunity when 15 Membe s of Parliamentrepresenting the three major Canadianpolitical parties -- Liberal, Conserva­tive, and New Democrats -- appearedwith Chavez at a Parliament Hill pressconference and signed a huge pledgecard supporting the boycott.

The same day, Rod Murphy,Member of Parliament from Churchill,addressed the House of Commons: "Ihope all Members of this House willtake the lead in encouraging Canadiansto support this cause" on behalf ofCalifornia grape workers who "con­tinue to be fired, coerced and abusedby the corporate grape growers."

Even though Chavez himself couldbarely manage a heavily accentedMexican American "Bon joursl" in pre­dominantly French-speaking Quebec,friends and supporters translated theboycott message throughout Montrealand the rest of the province: "Boy­cottons des raisins de table de laCalifornie!"

Montreal residents provided manyopportunities for Chavez to learn and

can see why your help was so impor­tant in our previous boycott victoriesand why we have come back to askyou to help us again," he said.

VancouverChavez' extended tour of Canada

got off to an impressive start in Van­couver, where leaders of major labororganizations pledged substantial sup­port. Dennis McDermott, president ofthe Canadian Labour Congress whichhas championed the farm workers'cause for almost 20 years, providedstaff and resource support for Chavez'Canadian tour. In addition, McDermottagreed to Chavez' request to spearheada fact-finding group which will travelto California and investigate abusesagainst farm workers by growers andthe Deukmejian administration.

Art Kube, president of the BritishColumbia Federation of Labour, ex­pressed solid support for Californiafarm workers: "Your struggle hasalways been our struggle and we willstand with you now as we have sincethe earliest days of 'Ia causa.' "

Raj Chouhan, president of theCanadian Farm Workers Union, pro­mised to join the UFW in its war onpesticides, which is also a problem inCanada. "From the grape fields ofDelano to the apple orchards of British

4

TESTIMONIAL

7

Mike MacIsaac

Deborah Burke

Michael Lyons

Mayor Art Eggleton

Mayor Art Eggleton, Toronto:The farm workers cause is absolutely just. Weboycotted for them before to improve theirconditions and we will do it now or any timein the future when they need our help.

Mike MacIsaac, Winnipeg:I support the boycott because of the repressionfarm workers sClII suffer down in California. It'sa shame they have to keep boycotting to getwhat they have a right to by law.

Deborah Burke, Ottawa:I'm all for a boycott when the law won't workand management won't bargain in good faith.We won't eat grapes again unClI we hear farmworkers have their rights restored.

Sam Saumur. London, Ontario:I was in California a couple times and saw theinjustices grape workers endure. We have tofight against injustice wherever it's found.

Beth Seeman, Winnipeg:Working people have to stick together. Wewant to help farm workers win the boycott sothey get the respect they have coming.

Ralph Ortlieb, Georgetown:Wherever people are treated badly by theiremployers, I'm gonna be there if I can. I'vefollowed the farm workers' battles closely overthe years and I'll stick with 'em 'til the day I die,

Raymond Murray, London, Ontario:I'm all for the boycott because sometimes it'sthe only way people on the low end of theeconomic scale can band together to betterthemselves. We'll boycott grapes ClII we hearthey've won.

Michael Lyons, Toronto:As a member of the Labor movement, we havea responsibility to support all the efforts ofpeople anywhere in the world to live in decencyand equality. We're with the farm workers ofCalifornia till their efforts are successful.

Sam Saumur

Ralph Ortlieb

Beth Seeman

Canadians Speak Out on the Boycott

Raymond Murray

In addition to innumerable individual endorse­ments, the following Canadian orgilnizationsendorsed the boycott:Alberta Provincial Council of SolidarityCanadian Farm Workers UnionCanadian Labour CongressCanadian Union of Public EmployeesConfederation of National Trade UnionsDistrict Labour Councils of Calgary, Edmonton,

Halifax, Hamilton, London, Montreal, Ottawa,Red Deer, Regina, Saskatoon, Sault Ste. Marie,Sudbury, Thunder 'Bay, Toronto, Vancouver,Winnipeg

Federations of Labour of Alberta, British Columbia,Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec,Saskatchewan

Hamilton Mayor Bob Morrow and City CouncilManitoba New Democratic PartyMembers of Parliament: Charles Caccia, Mike

Cassidy, Simon de Jong, Suzanne Duplessis,Ernie Epp, Jirn Fulton, Dan Heap, Stan Hovdebo,Rod Murphy, Lorne Nystrom, Andre Ouellet, KeithPenner, John Parry, Alan Redway, Nelson Riis,Svend Robinson

National Farmers UnionNational Teachers UnionOttawa Mayor Marion Dewar and City CouncilSocial Justice Commission, Archdiocese of EdmontonToronto Mayor Art Eggleton and City CouncilVancouver Mayor Michael Harcourt

Marie, Sudbury, London, Hamilton,Toronto, and Ottawa); Quebec (Mon­treal); and Nova Scotia (Halifax).

SaFldwiched between Toronto andOttawa was a two-day side-trip toChicago, where Chavez met withMayor Harold Washington. Wash­ington presented him with the key tothe city, praised the UFW leader forpublicizing the dangers of pesticidepoisoning to farm workers and con­sumers, and pledged support for thegrape boycott.Y

Cesar Chavez spent two days in Chicago promoting the boycott. Mayor HaroldWashington presented the key to the city and pledged support for the grape boycott.6

The 79 Olds 88 that carried Cesar Chavezacross the length of Canada.

ISSUES

Deukmejian's Prosecutor Uses State Positionto Lobby f~r Growers Against Grape Boycott

A political appointee of Gov.George Deukmejian whose job it is toimpartially rule on disputes betweengrowers and farm workers is usingtaxpayer funds to lobby against theUFW's fresh grape boycott on behalfof affected growers.

"I fully support what Dave Stirlinghas done," Deukmejian told reportersin defending the actions of the manhe appointed as general counsel -- orchief prosecutor -- of the state Agri­cultural Labor Relations Board.

Stirling, a former Republicanstate lawmaker, used state funds topay for a plane trip to Washington,D.C. where he opposed the grape

Governor George Deukmejian

8

boycott at a national religious meetingin October.

He has shown no regret for whathas been widely criticized as a starkdisplay of pro-grower bias and a mis­use of public money. "I used some ofyour money to go back and do this,"Stirling told a Sacramento luncheonaudience. The ALRB's chief counselsaid he acted with Deukmejian's"knowledge and approval."

Stirling also used taxpayer fundsto send letters to U.S. and Canadiangovernors and mayors, members ofCalifornia's congressional delegation,and religious groups urging them notto support the UFW's boycott.

Fire StirlingThe Los Angeles Times said

Deukmejian should dismiss Stirlingbecause he is incapable of being fairand neutral. So did two groups ofreligious leaders (see story on page 10).

The Times said Gov. Deukmejianshould "start looking for a replace­ment (for Stirling) who will be fair andneutral. .." By taking management'sside and attacking Chavez and theUFW, the newspaper said, "Stirlinghas badly undermined his ability toappear impartial, and therefore hisability to be effective."

The Sacramento Bee, in aneditorial entitled "Dave Stirling, Boy­cott Buster," responded to Stirling'sargument that his anti-boycott actionswould not jeopardize his impartialitywhen handling farm labor law viola­tions: "That's bunk," the Bee stated,"unless, of course, one believes that

1

,t

Stirling never had any impartiality tojeopardize."

Jerome Waldie, a member of theALRB, said Stirling's "public statementof contempt for the UFW and itsofficers on issues unrelated to theagency make ludicrous his contentionthat he is just carrying out the man­date given to him by the governor tomake the agency balanced, even­handed and professional."

Eight members of Stirling's ownstaff at the regional ALRB office inSalinas disassociated themselves fromhis anti-UFW lobbying. In a stronglyworded letter of protest, the groupstated, "We are alarmed that thisagency's chief prosecutor would bothinterject himself into the table grapeboycott and launch a vicious personalattack against the president of anagricultural union."

Bishop Calls for ProbeCatholic Bishop Juan Arzube,

auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese ofLos Angeles, took exception to Stirling'sclaim that he is operating the ALRB"in a fair and balanced fashion":"How can Mr. Stirling possibly makethis statement after attacking CesarChavez and the UFW so vehemently ..?

"I sincerely believe an investiga­tion should be made as to his suitabilityto occupy his present position," BishopArzube said.

Three other Los Angeles religiousleaders -- Episcopalian Bishop OliverGarver, Rabbi Sidney Jacobs, and Fr.Luis Olivares -- also protested theDeukmejian administration's bias.

"We strongly urge Mr. Stirling tocease his personal attacks on Mr.Chavez ...and, instead, to return to hisproper duties: scrupulously adminis­tering the farm labor law with a fairnessand balance that respects the rightsand dignity of farm workers as muchas their employers," they wrote.

Ironically, in the midst of demandsfor his firing and criticism for beingprejudiced, Stirling announced hisintention to explore the possibility ofrunning for the Republican nominationfor state attorney general in 1986."The major factor," Stirling told repor­ters, "is whether enough money canbe raised" for his campaign.Y

Dave Stirling

9

ISSUES

Religious leaders Urge Deukmejianto Fire Farm labor Board Chief

BOYCOTT

Boycott Takes Off in Texas

The boycott is working! California fresh grapes are down to 39 cents andlower in San Antonio,Texas and in other parts of the country.

Two ecumenical religious groupsrecently joined the rising chorus ofangry criticism of Dave Stirling, generalcounsel of the Agricultural Labor Rela­tions Board, and strongly urged Gov.George Deukmejian to fire him.

Los Angeles' Catholic ArchbishopRoger M. Mahoney led the list of eightmajor religious leaders in SouthernCalifornia who wrote to Gov. Deukme­jian in early November: "(Stirling) hasproved publicly that he does not meetthe basic requirements for impartialityor objectivity, and we strongly urgeyou to dismiss him."

They were upset with Stirling fortwo reasons. First, he viciously at­tacked farm labor leader Cesar Chavezand the grape boycott in by-line articlein The Los Angeles Times on Sep­tember 24. Then, in October, he usedagency funds to fly to Washington,D.C. to lobby the board of the UnitedMethodist Church of Christ againstthe grape boycott.

Two weeks earlier, an ecumenicalgroup from Northern California ex­pressed their anger in a letter to Gov.Deukmejian: "In particular, we areoutraged by the General Counsel's trip-- at taxpayers' expense -- to Washing­ton, D.C. to lobby against the boycott."

According to Bishop LeontineKelley of the United Methodist Church,Stirling threatened the Methodist boardwith a lawsuit if it voted to supportthe boycott.

In addition, the clergy officialswrote, "Mr. Stirling is usiOg taxpayerdollars to blitz religious leaders.. .withletters attacking the United FarmWorkers...and opposing the boycott."

Stirling was unmoved by thecriticism. "Churches ought not to beinvolved in political activity," he said.

y

Catholic Archbishop Roger Mahoney of LosAngeles served as first chairman of theAgricultural Labor Relations Board.

In September the boycott of non­UFW California fresh grapes receivedanother big boost. Big -- as in Texas!

United Farm Workers PresidentCesar Chavez reaped a rich harvest ofsupport for the grape boycott duringa 10-day tour of five major Texas cities:Dallas, Fort Worth, Austin, Houston,and San Antonio.

The first stop was the Dallas-FortWorth area. Chavez marched with

supporters at the Minyard Supermar­ket in Dallas and was delighted to findthe price of grapes as low in Texas asin California: "Everywhere we go,grape prices are down. The boycottis working."

Chavez met with the DallasCentral Labor Council, visited withCatholic Bishop Joseph Delaney ofFort Worth and Bishop ThomasTschoepe of Dallas. He was inter-

10 11

PESTICIDES

Dr. Marion Moses' "Deadly Dozen" Pesticide Seriesviewed by reporters and editors fromthe major daily newspapers and thereligious press, and he appeared onradio and TV news programs.

At the law library on the SouthernMethodist University campus Chavezemphasized the need for better pro­tection for farm workers and consu­mers from growers' reckless use ofdangerous pesticides. "In California,"he said, "we have a governor whovetoed a field posting bill to warn farmworkers of pesticide dangers becausethe growers said it would be too costlyfor them to buy the signs."

In Austin, city and county officialsjoined Chavez at a news conferenceat the University of Texas. They an­nounced unanimous endorsements ofthe grape boycott by both the AustinCity Council and the Travis CountyCommissioners.

Later, at a fundraiser at the AustinOpera House attended by more than300 UFW supporters -- includingformer U.S. Secretary of Labor RayMarshall and key religious, labor, com­munity, and political leaders -- Chavezoutlined the three important goals ofthe current grape boycott: free andfair elections, good-faith bargaining bygrowers and protection of both farmworkers and consumers from deadlypesticides.

Chavez met in Houston with the

12

editors of The Houston Post and TheHouston Chronicle. He appeared onradio and TV shows, and spoke togroups of supporters, including stu­dents at the University of Houston. Healso met with Galveston-HoustonBishop John E. McCarthy and otherreligious leaders.

At an evening reception and fund­raiser in the Machinists Union Hall,Chavez thanked Houstonians for theirsupport of the grape boycott. "Theboycott is not a popularity contest:'he said. "It's an economic program.We just want to get enough peopleto stop buying grapes so we can forcegrowers to obey the farm labor lawand Gov. George Deukmejian willenforce it when they don't."

In San Antonio, where Chavez'lO-day tour of Texas ended, MayorHenry Cisneros led a list of individualsand organizations which endorsed theboycott. Describing Chavez as "one ofthe greatest figures of our time:'Cisneros said, "It's a pleasure to lendmy support to the boycott."

At a picket line at a Handy Andy'sstore, Chavez found everything to hisliking -- the number of supporters highand the price of grapes low. After asteady stream of media appearances,a speech at St. Mary's University, anda reception at the CommunicationWorkers Hall, Chavez returned toCalifornia.

Accompanying Chavez were ArturoRodriguez, UFW national executiveboard member, and UFW Texas Direc­tor Rebecca Flores Harrington. Y

Texas farm workers in solidarity with Califor­nia farm workers.

CAPTAN

Dr. Marion Moses.

Captan, one of the most widelyused fungicides in the world, is a carci­nogen, teratogen (causes birth defects)and a mutagen (causes changes ingenetic material) and its residues con­taminate fruits and vegetables all overthe world. Because it is not acutelytoxic, i.e. it does not cause immediateand obvious harm, it has been consi­dered to be a "safe" pesticide.

Chemicals SUdVclS Captan that areconsidered safe in the short term maybe the most hazardous of all in termsof chronic effects such as cancer andbirth defects We know of a child bornwithout arms and legs whose motherworked during the first three monthsof her pregnancy picking grapes knownto have been sprayed with teratogenicpesticides. Captan, which is one of the

pesticides she may have been exposedto, is structurally similar to Thalidomide,the sedative drug used by pregnantwomen in Europe in the early 1960sthat caused thousands of infants to beborn without arms or legs.

28 million pounds of Captan areestimated to be used annually in theworld, one-third of it in the U.S. alone.In California in 1983, about one millionpounds were used in agriculture withthe biggest use being on grapes(344,243 IbsJ In the rest of the U.S.major use is on apples and potatoes.There are also many formulations forhome and garden use. Captan is themajor fungicide in wallpaper paste andin oil-based paints. It is used in thetreatment of vinyl-coated textiles suchas mattress covers, mats, curtains, etc.It is also used in cosmetics, pharma­ceuticals, and shampoos.

In 1977, there was a big scandalwhen it was discovered that IndustrialBiotest Laboratories (IBT) had sentfraudulent data to EPA in support of100 pesticide registrations. Captanwas among them and none of its 12tests were valid. This meant that theNOEL (no observable effect level) usedin the "scientific" determination wasalso fraudulent.

The U.S. government did nothingabout the tolerance level or the maxi­mum allowable residue on marketedfood in spite of these findings. How­ever, Canada reduced their toleranceto 5 ppm on grapes, and Sweden to15 ppm. In the US. 50 ppm remainsthe tolerance on grapes. Captan is thepesticide found most frequently inresidue testing of grapes.

Allowable residues of Captan on13

fruits and vegetables in the U.S. areamong the highest in the world. EPAhas bowed to industry pressure to allowcontinued use on food crops althoughit poses an unacceptable risk to humanhealth. An assumption is made thatthere is such a thing as a "safe" levelof exposure to a carcinogen. Otherfederal law prohibits any amount of acarcinogenic additive to be used onfood (1956 Delaney amendment toFood Drug and Cosmetic Act). TheOccupational Health and Safety Admi­nistration (OSHA) and the ConsumerProduct Safety Commission do notrecognize any safe level of a carcinogen.

The setting of tolerances on foodalso doesn't take into account the con­siderable regional, ethnic, and agedifferences in eating patterns. Nor arepossible synergistic effects of concur­rent intake of other pesticide residues,pollutants in water (some of which arealso pesticides), drugs etc. Basingintake on how much an "average"American eats doesn't make much

sense if the person eating the productis an infant, a sick person, or an elderlyperson with many other health prob­lems. It is as if the shoe size of everyonewere measured and then an "average"size shoe would be produced for allconsumers.

Captan is a good example of howpublic health concerns are given shortshrift in regulatory decision making.Why should decisions about residuesof carcinogens and teratogens in thefood supply be based mainly on theeconomic impact on the agriculturaland chemical industry and not prima­rily on considerations of human healthand safety? Y

(Dr. Moses recently returned from lec­turing in Ballentina, Ecuador at a week-longinternational seminar on "Safety andHealth in Agriculture: Use of PestiCides andEffects on Human Health" sponsored bythe International Federation of Plantation,Agricultural and Allied Workers. Represen­tatives ofagricultural workers from 73 LatinAmerican countries attended.)

You Can Help Stop the Traged~

of Pesticide Poisoning

Amalia Larios, 3, wasborn with a piece ofspine missing becauseof pesticides her parentsbelieve they were ex­posed to when theyworked in San JoaquiValley fields. Doctorssay Amalia will never,walk. She is paralyzefrom the waist down.

You can help farmworkers and their child­ren battle pesticideabuse by boycottingCalifornia fresh grapes'.Take a moment to sendin your boycott pledge,an endorsement fromyour group, and thenames of people wecan contact to spreadour boycott message.

Applying pesticides by helicopter in California.

14

·except the 3% of grapes produced under UFW contract

r-----------------------------------,(detach and return to;)

Cesar Chavez, La Paz, CA 93570

Dear Cesar Chavez:

D I pledge to boycott California fresh grapes*.D Enclosed is my group's endorsement of the boycott.D Enclosed are addresses of people who I know will

join the grape boycott if they are contacted.

Sincerely,

Name __~--:--:-------------­(please print)

Address _

City/State/Zip

-----------------------------------15

Fifteen members of Parliament from the three major politicalparties in Canada pledged to support the California freshgrape boycott during Cesar Chavez's visit to Ottawa, thenation's capitol. Four of the MPs who signed the pledge are(left to right) Nelson Riis (New Democratic Party), AndreOuellet (Liberal), and Alan Pedway (Progressive Conservative),To Chavez's right is Richard Mercier, executive vice-presidentof the Canadian labour Congress.

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