PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT Development Standards

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

Development

Standards

Revised March 2019

City of Federal Way Public Works Development Standards REV. March 2019

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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION

1.1 GENERAL 1-1 1.2 DEFINITIONS 1-1 1.3 REQUIREMENTS 1-5

1.3.1 Frontage Improvements in General 1-5 1.3.2 Streets 1-5 1.3.3 Franchise Utilities 1-7 1.3.4 Bikeways and Walkways 1-9 1.3.5 Sidewalks, Planting Strips, and Medians 1-9 1.3.6 Sewer and Water 1-10 1.3.7 Stormwater Drainage 1-10 1.3.8 Solid Waste & Recycling 1-10 1.3.9 Modification 1-10 1.3.10 Frontage Improvement Modification 1-10 1.3.11 Reimbursement Areas 1-11

1.4 PERMITS AND APPROVALS 1-12 1.4.1 General 1-12 1.4.2 Development Permits and Approvals 1-12 1.4.3 Environmental Approvals 1-12 1.4.4 Land Use Permits 1-13 1.4.5 Excavation and Grading Permits 1-13 1.4.6 Building Permits 1-13 1.4.7 Subdivisions 1-14 1.4.8 Right-of-Way Permits 1-15 1.4.9 Preconstruction Meeting 1-15 1.4.10 Project Finalization 1-15

1.5 HOURS OF CONSTRUCTION 1-16 1.5.1 Outside Right-of-Way 1-16 1.5.2 Within Right-of-Way 1-16 1.5.3 Holiday Work Schedule 1-16

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PUBLIC WORKS REQUIREMENTS 2.1 RESPONSIBILITY OF OWNER/DEVELOPER 2-1

2.1.1 Standard Specifications 2-1 2.1.2 Shortened Designation 2-1 2.1.3 Applicability 2-2 2.1.4 Design Standards 2-2

2.1.5 Minimum Plan Elements 2-2



CHAPTER TITLE PAGE CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PUBLIC WORKS REQUIREMENTS (cont’d)

2.1.6 Drafting Standards 2-4 2.1.7 Plan Review 2-4 2.1.8 Preconstruction Meeting 2-4 2.1.9 Construction Control 2-5 2.1.10 Inspection 2-5 2.1.11 Protection of Public and Private Utilities 2-5 2.1.12 Damage to Private Property and Improvements 2-6 2.1.13 Final Inspection 2-6 2.1.14 Final Acceptance 2-6 2.1.15 Maintenance of Work After Acceptance 2-7 2.1.16 Samples and Tests 2-7

2.2 FEES 2-7 2.3 BONDING 2-7 2.4 EASEMENTS 2-8 2.5 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL 2-8 2.6 CALL BEFORE YOU DIG 2-9 2.7 EMERGENCY WORK POLICY FOR PRIVATE UTILITIES 2-9

CHAPTER 3 TRANSPORTATION

3.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 3-1 3.2 STREETS 3-1

3.2.1 General 3-1 3.2.2 Design Standards 3-1 3.2.3 Naming 3-2 3.2.4 Signing and Striping 3-2 3.2.5 Right-of-Way 3-3 3.2.6 Private Streets 3-4 3.2.7 Street Frontage Improvements 3-4 3.2.8 Half Street 3-6 3.2.9 Medians 3-6 3.2.10 Intersections 3-7 3.2.11 Cul-de-sac 3-7 3.2.12 Street Layout 3-8 3.2.13 Alleys 3-8 3.2.14 Driveways 3-8 3.2.15 Sight Obstructions 3-10 3.2.16 Surfacing Requirements 3-11 3.2.17 Temporary Street Patching 3-14 3.2.18 Trench Backfill and Restoration 3-15 3.2.19 Pavement Restoration 3-17

3.3 SIDEWALKS AND CURBS 3-19 3.3.1 Design Standards 3-19 3.3.2 Sidewalks 3-19



CHAPTER TITLE PAGE CHAPTER 3 TRANSPORTATION (cont’d) 3.3.3 Curb 3-20

3.3.4 Curb Access Ramps 3-20 3.3.5 Staking 3-20 3.3.6 Testing 3-20

3.4 BIKEWAYS 3-21 3.4.1 Design Standards 3-21

3.5 PLANTER STRIP 3-21 3.5.1 Street Trees 3-22 3.5.2 Irrigation 3-22

3.6 ILLUMINATION 3-23 3.6.1 General 3-23 3.6.2 Design Standards 3-23 3.6.3 Staking 3-24 3.6.4 Testing 3-25

3.7 TRAFFIC SIGNALS 3-25 3.7.1 General 3-25 3.7.2 Design Standards 3-25 3.7.3 Induction Loops 3-28 3.7.4 Video Detection 3-28 3.7.5 Staking 3-28 3.7.6 Testing 3-29

3.7.7 Check-Out Procedure 3-29 3.8 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) 3-29

3.8.1 Design Standards 3-30 3.8.2 Equipment List and Drawings 3-30 3.8.3 Fiber Optic Cable Service Outage Duration and Notification 3-31 3.8.4 Resolving Utility Conflicts 3-31 3.8.5 Fiber Optic Cable Pre-Installation Testing 3-31 3.8.6 Fiber Optic Cable Installation 3-31 3.8.7 Fiber Optic Cable Splicing 3-32 3.8.8 Fiber Optic Cable Labeling 3-32 3.8.9 Communications/Fiber Vault and Conduit 3-32 3.8.10 Fiber Optic Cable Testing 3-33 3.8.11 Fiber Optic Cable Testing Documentation 3-33 3.8.12 Fiber Optic As-Built Records 3-33

3.9 ROADSIDE FEATURES 3-34 3.9.1 General 3-34 3.9.2 Design Standards 3-34 3.9.3 Staking 3-34 3.9.4 Testing 3-34 3.9.5 Survey Monuments 3-34 3.9.6 Bus Shelter and Amenities 3-35 3.9.7 Mailboxes 3-36



CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

CHAPTER 3 TRANSPORTATION (cont’d) 3.9.8 Guardrails 3-36 3.9.9 Rock Walls 3-36 3.9.10 Retaining Walls 3-38 3.9.11 Parking Lots 3-38 3.9.12 Roadside Obstacles 3-38

3.10 TRAFFIC IMPACTS 3-39 3.10.1 Transportation Concurrency and Mitigation 3-39 3.10.2 Guidelines for Transportation Impact Analysis 3-40

CHAPTER 4 STORM DRAINAGE 4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND POLICIES 4-1

4.1.1 Flow Control 4-1 4.1.2 Water Quality Treatment 4-2

4.2 STORMWATER SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 4-2 4.2.1 General 4-2 4.2.2 Stormwater Site Plans & Technical Information Report 4-2 4.2.3 Thresholds 4-4

4.3 STORMWATER SYSTEM DESIGN 4-4 4.3.1 General 4-4 4.3.2 Design Considerations 4-5 4.3.3 Storm System Components 4-6

4.4 STORMWATER SYSTEM MATERIALS AND INSTALLATION 4-9 4.4.1 General 4-9 4.4.2 Stormwater Conveyance 4-9 4.4.3 Pipe Foundation Material 4-10 4.4.4 Pipe Bedding Material 4-10 4.4.5 Pipe Trench Backfill 4-10 4.4.6 Catch Basins 4-10 4.4.7 Stormwater Laterals 4-11

4.5 TESTING REQUIREMENTS 4-11 4.5.1 General 4-11 4.5.2 Cleaning 4-11 4.5.3 Leak Testing 4-11 4.5.4 Air Permeable Materials Leakage Testing 4-12 4.5.5 Non-Air Permeable Materials Leakage Testing 4-12 4.5.6 Deflection Testing 4-12 4.5.7 Television Inspection 4-13

4.6 MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITIES 4-13 4.6.1 General 4-13 4.6.2 Maintenance Covenant 4-14 4.6.3 Maintenance Responsibility 4-14 4.6.4 Single Family Residential – Short Plat 4-14 4.6.5 Single Family Residential - Plat 4-15



CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

CHAPTER 4 STORM DRAINAGE (cont’d) 4.6.6 Commercial/Multifamily/Industrial 4-16

4.7 STORMWATER CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION AND REPORTS 4-17 4.7.1 Inspection Schedule and Reports 4-17 4.7.2 Interim Inspection Requirements 4-18 4.7.3 Final ESC Inspection 4-19 4.7.4 Inspections Following Project Acceptance 4-19

APPENDICES STANDARD DETAILS: STREETS Standard Approval and As-Built Blocks Street Standards STANDARD DETAILS: STORM DRAINAGE STANDARD PLAN NOTES General Notes Drainage Notes Erosion/Sedimentation Control Notes Street Lighting Notes REVIEW CHECKLISTS Engineering Review Checklist Technical Information Report (TIR) Checklist Commercial Land Use Review Checklist Short Plat Review Checklist Preliminary Plat Review Checklist Final Plat Review Checklist As-Built Plan Review Checklist Boundary Line Adjustment (BLA) Review Checklist Lot Line Elimination (LLE) Review Checklist

Binding Site Plan (BSP) Review Checklist Project Construction Checklist Preconstruction Meeting Form BOND FORMS AND WORKSHEETS Bond Quantities Worksheet Agreement & Performance/Maintenance Bond Information Sheet Assignment of Funds in Lieu of Bond Information Sheet



CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

APPENDICES (Cont’d) LEGAL DOCUMENTS Statutory Warranty Deed Template Statutory Warranty Deed Worksheet Plat Dedication Statement Local Improvement District (LID) Waiver of Protest Covenant Drainage Release Covenant Declaration of Covenant

Declaration of Covenant for Maintenance & Inspection of Flow Control BMPs (for Small Projects and/or Single-Family Sites)

Declaration of Covenant Prohibiting Use of Leachable Metals and Access Easement

TIF and Open Space Deferment Covenant TIF and Open Space Release Form FEE SCHEDULE

See Council Adopted Resolution for Most Current Fee Schedule at: https://www.cityoffederalway.com/content/Finance under “Quick Links”

TRASH ENCLOSURE DESIGN & SPILL PREVENTION BMPS

Attachment A:FWRC 19.125.150 Solid Waste Receptacles – Placement & Screening

Attachment B: Trash Enclosure: Required Spill Prevention Plan & BMPs

Attachment C: Waste Collection Truck – Dimensions & Turning Radius

POLICY MEMOS

https://www.cityoffederalway.com/content/Finance


CITY OF FEDERAL WAY PUBLIC WORKS DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS

INTRODUCTION This Development Standards Manual is established pursuant to Federal Way Revised Code (FWRC 19.135.130), which authorizes the Public Works Director to promulgate and adopt administrative standards and specifications to implement and enforce code requirements applicable to surface water drainage facilities and right-of-way improvements within the City of Federal Way. Accordingly, the guidelines, standards, and specifications contained in this manual apply to the engineering and construction of all streets and utilities established and/or improved within the City. The Public Works Director or his/her designee is responsible for all interpretations and/or revisions to the manual as may be required for its implementation. The standards contained in this manual will be considered as reasonable minimum requirements, and will not be modified, except as may be permitted by the Public Works Director pursuant to a requested modification, adjustment, or variance, and subject to all applicable decision criteria. Periodic updates to the manual are anticipated in order to address typographical errors, clarify standards as necessary, or to implement future revisions to the FWRC. Should the reader find errors or have suggested corrections, please bring them to our attention at the following address:

City of Federal Way

Public Works Department Attn: Development Services

33325 8th Avenue South Federal Way, WA 98003

This document is available for download at the City of Federal Way’s website: http://docs.cityoffederalway.com/WEBLINK/Browse.aspx?startid=748626. Periodic updates to this manual are also available online. It is the responsibility of the applicant and/or their representatives to make certain that they are using the most current version of this manual.

http://docs.cityoffederalway.com/WEBLINK/Browse.aspx?startid=748626

City of Federal Way Public Works Development Standards REV. March 2019 Page 1-1

CHAPTER 1 - ADMINISTRATION

1.1 GENERAL

These are general conditions and requirements for all improvement or extensions of the City of Federal Way’s street or utility systems. The conditions as herein stated apply to all improvements made by private developers.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

Access – The safe, adequate, and usable ingress/egress (entrance/exit) to a property or use.

Average Daily Traffic (ADT) – The total number of vehicles traveling past a particular point in an average 24-hour period. Typically used in quantifying the combined number of vehicles traveling either direction on a particular roadway.

Alley – A public or private way, at the rear or side of property, permanently reserved as a means of vehicular or pedestrian access to a property.

Applicant – The person, partnership, joint venture, firm, or corporation who has applied for a Development Permit or approval.

As-Built Certification – Certification specified in the Appendix of these Construction Standards.

As-Built Drawing – Engineering plans that have been revised to reflect all changes to the plans that have occurred during construction, including changes in materials, distances, lengths, location, elevations, volumes, etc., and which has an As-built Certification.

Best Management Practice (BMP) – One of those practices described in the Stormwater Management Manual for the Puget Sound Basin prepared by Washington State Department of Ecology.

Bike Lane – A travel lane, located within the paved area of a roadway, which is provided for the exclusive use of non-motorized vehicles (bicycles).

Bikeway – A paved roadway provided for the exclusive use of non-motorized transportation (bicycles, pedestrians, etc.)

Biofiltration – The process of reducing pollutant concentrations in water by filtering the polluted water through vegetation.

City – The City of Federal Way, acting through its legally constituted elected officials, employees, or agents.

Clearing – The removal of vegetation from a site by physical, mechanical, chemical, or other means. This does not mean landscape maintenance or pruning consistent with accepted horticultural practices that do not impair the health or survival of trees and vegetation.

Comprehensive Plan – A plan adopted by the City Council to guide the physical growth and improvement of the City and urban growth management area, including any future amendments and revisions.


Traffic Concurrency – Concurrency analysis examines new development’s impact on the existing transportation network in order to assess if there is adequate capacity in the transportation network and to determine if traffic mitigation is needed. A concurrency analysis is required for all developments within the city that generate new trips in the PM peak hour, except for development exempt under FWRC Section 19.190 of the Transportation Concurrency Ordinance. All new development must pass concurrency before completing other land use processes.

Conveyance System – The drainage facilities, both natural and man-made, which collect, contain, and provide for the flow of surface, stormwater, and sanitary sewage from the highest points on the land down to the receiving waters or receiving treatment facility. The natural elements of storm water conveyance systems include swales and small drainage courses, streams, creeks, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. The man-made elements of conveyance systems include gutters, ditches, pipes, channels, and retention/detention facilities.

Dedication – Shall mean the deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for public use or purpose, reserving no other rights than those that are compatible with the full exercise and enjoyment of the public uses or purpose to which the property has been devoted. The intent to dedicate will be evidenced by the owner by the presentment for filing of a final plat, short plat, binding site plan or statutory warranty deed that shows the dedication thereon. Acceptance by the public will be evidenced by written approval issued by the City of such document for filing with the County Auditor.

Development Activity – Any work, condition, or activity that requires a permit or approval under FWRC Title 19 or the City’s building code.

Development Permit – Any permit or approval by the City or the City’s Building Department that must be obtained before initiating a use or development activity.

Development Review Committee (DRC) – Committee composed of representatives from the City’s Planning and Building Divisions, the Public Works Department, the Federal Way Fire Department and Lakehaven Utility District.

Director – The City of Federal Way Public Works Director, including such assistants as are authorized to represent him/her.

Downstream Analysis – Report that assesses potential offsite drainage impacts associated with development of the project site and appropriate mitigation of these impacts in accordance with the requirements of the KCSWDM.

Engineer – Any Washington State licensed professional engineer who represents the developer.

Engineering Plan – A plan prepared, stamped, and signed by a professional civil engineer. An engineering plan may be supplemented with detailed drainage calculations, structural calculations, or other supporting documents needed to assess the total plan.

Engineering Review – An evaluation by the Public Works Department of a proposed project’s compliance with the Development Standards and other applicable City, State, and Federal regulations, ordinances, and policies.

FWRC – Federal Way Revised Code


FWCP – Federal Way Comprehensive Plan

Frontage Improvements – All of the street pavement, curb, gutter, sidewalk, transit, bus shelters, bus pullouts, storm drainage, power and communications cable undergrounding, street trees and street lighting, as specified by these Standards, located within any public right-of-way abutting the property boundary of the development.

Grading – Any excavating or filling of earth materials or any combination thereof.

Half Street – Street constructed along an edge of development utilizing at least half the regular width of the right-of-way and permitted as an interim facility pending construction of the other half of the street by the adjacent owner. A minimum pavement width of 20 feet is required.

Hammerhead Turnaround – A type of roadway design used to provide a place for vehicles to turn around at the end of a “dead-end” street. The turnaround is shaped like a hammer or the letter “T.”

Impervious Surface – A hard surface that either prevents or retards the entry of water into the soil mantle as under natural conditions prior to development, and/or a hard surface area that causes water to run off the surface in greater quantities or at an increased rate of flow from the flow present under natural conditions prior to development. Common impervious surfaces include, but are not limited to: roof tops; walkways; patios; driveways; parking lots or storage areas; concrete or asphalt paving; gravel roads; packed earthen materials; and oiled, macadam, or other surfaces that similarly impede the natural infiltration of surface and storm-water runoff.

Improvements – Any act that improves the value of public, real, and personal property, or that is necessary as a condition of development, including but not limited to: streets and roads complying with the development standards and specifications adopted by the City; public utility and pedestrian facilities; streetlights; landscape features; sewer and water lines; bridge structures; storm drainage facilities; and traffic control devices as are required to be installed as a part of subdivision, short subdivision, large lot subdivision, binding site plan, or commercial development.

Ingress/Egress – Points of access to and from a property or parcel.

Inspector – The City’s authorized representative assigned to make all necessary inspections of work performed or of materials furnished or being furnished by the Contractor. KCSWDM – King County Surface Water Design Manual. Local Agency General Special Provisions (GSP) – These GSPs are complementary to, and supplement, the Washington Department of Transportation Standard Specifications, and the Amendments to the Standard Specifications. The numbering system corresponds to that in the Standard Specifications.

Modification – The Public Works Director may modify, defer, or waive the requirements for right-of-way improvement after consideration of a written request for the reasons outlined in FWRC 19.135.070.

Performance Guarantee – A financial guarantee in a form acceptable to the City Attorney, to ensure that all improvements, facilities, or work required by this ordinance will be completed in compliance with this ordinance, regulations, and approved plans and specifications.


Plan Reviewer – The engineering plan reviewer of the Public Works Department.

Plans – The plans, profiles, cross sections, elevations, details, and supplementary specifications, sign by a licensed professional engineer and approved by the Public Works Director, that show the location, character, dimensions, and details of the work to be performed.

Preconstruction Meeting – Meeting between Public Works Construction Inspector, Engineering Plans Reviewer, and the applicant’s contractor prior to beginning any construction activity on the site.

Project – General term encompassing all phases of work to be performed and is synonymous to the term “improvement” or “work.”

Public Street – Publicly owned and maintained street.

Public Works Development Standards (PWDS) – Guidelines and standards as set forth in this manual.

Right-of-Way (ROW) – (1) A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, forced dedication, prescription, or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a road, crosswalk, railroad, electric transmission lines, oil or gas pipeline, water line, sanitary storm sewer, and other similar public accesses or public uses; and (2) Generally, the right of one to pass over the property of another.

Site Plan – The development plan for one or more lots on which is shown the existing and proposed conditions of the lot, including topography, vegetation, drainage, flood plains, walkways, means of ingress and egress, circulation, utility services, structures and buildings, signs and lighting, berms, buffers, and screening devices, surrounding development, and any other information that reasonably may be required in order that an informed decision can be made by the reviewing authority.

Standard Details – Those Standard Details contained in the City of Federal Way Development Standards.

Standard Specifications – The Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Public Works Construction prepared by Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT); latest edition with revisions, hereinafter referred to as the WSDOT Standard Specifications Latest Edition hereinafter referred to as Standard Specifications.

Stopping (or Intersection) Sight Distance – The sight distance required for an average passenger vehicle, moving at some speed, to identify a situation which required them to stop, decide to stop their vehicle, and bring a vehicle in average working condition to a stop.

Transportation Impact Analysis (T.I.A.) – A comprehensive, supplemental report that compares conditions with and without the proposed development for the purpose of identifying transportation improvements necessary to mitigate capacity and safety deficiencies created and/or exacerbated by the proposed development consistent with PWDS.

Technical Information Report (T.I.R.) – A comprehensive supplemental report containing all calculations, conceptual design analysis, reports, and studies required to construct a complete site improvement plan based on sound engineering practice and careful geotechnical and hydrological design.


Utility – A company providing public service, including, but not limited to, gas, oil, electric power, street lighting, telephone, telegraph, water, sanitary sewer, storm drainage, solid waste, or cable television, whether or not such company is privately owned or owned by a governmental entity.

1.3 REQUIREMENTS

1.3.1 Frontage Improvements in General

Unless modified or exempt as provided for in these Standards, any activity that requires a Development Permit will require that the developer construct or install frontage improvements in accordance with FWRC 19.135.030.

The development will be exempt from this frontage improvement requirement:

A. If the proposed improvements in any 12-month period do not exceed 25 percent

of the assessed or appraised value (based on an MAI appraisal provided by the applicant) of all structures on the subject property, whichever is greater. The value of the land may be included in the appraisal if the property is less than 100,000 sq. ft. in area.

B. If within the immediately preceding four years, public improvements were

installed as part of any subdivision or discretionary land use approval under this or any prior zoning code.

1.3.2 Streets

A. General. Streets will be designed and constructed in conformance with the

provisions of in order of precedence Public Works Development Standards (PWDS) Chapter 3; the minimum requirements established by the current editions of the 1.) FWRC; 2.) King County Road Standards (KCRS); 3.) WSDOT Design Manual; 4.) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets); and as identified by the Functional Classification of Existing and Planned Streets and Highways, Map III-3, located in the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan.

B. Access to Developments. A development will abut a public right-of-way and

have public right-of-way frontage with site access to one or more streets improved to comply with the standards as set forth in Chapter 3 of the PWDS.

C. Alignment and Location. Proposed streets and other primary accesses will be

aligned with existing street. Street alignments will relate where practical to natural topography and will be selected so as to minimize grading and avoid excessive runoff. Alignment and connections of newly constructed public streets will be provided in accordance with the following conditions, unless otherwise prohibited:

1. Street connection will be provided to any existing public street or right-

of-way “stub” abutting the proposed development.


2. Pedestrian and emergency access will be provided to any abutting public school, public building, public park, trail, bikeways or transit stop.

3. Streets will be located for the future development of adjoining vacant

land.

4. Block perimeters should be no longer than 1,320 feet for non-motorized access and 2,640 feet for streets.

5. More than one connection to the existing public street system will be

provided for any development, or part thereof, of four acres or more, or generating more than 250 trips per day or more (25 single-family lots). If not otherwise infeasible, each connection will be to a different street.

D. Rights-of-way, Easements, and Improvements. The developer shall dedicate

Right-of-Way and Grant Easements, and clear and grade the area required to comply with Chapter 3 of the Federal PWDS and install all necessary improvements in conformance with the standards prescribed.

E. Horizontal or Vertical Curves, Sight Distance, Grades, and Tangents. Horizontal

or vertical street curves, sight distance, grades, and tangents shall be based on the current edition of AASHTO standards. A design proposal that differs from the AASHTO standard may be approved by the Public Works Director upon the review of a modification request, if the deviation is justified to minimize grading, avoid excessive run-off or topographic conditions attending the development site, or to implement traffic calming techniques when warranted.

F. Street Intersections

1. Primary points of access or street intersections with centerline offsets of

less than 150 feet will not be allowed unless the Public Works Director finds special conditions requiring a reduction.

2. Unless required by street spacing standards, intersections on curves will

be avoided.

3. Turning lanes and acceleration/deceleration lanes will be provided as required by the Public Works Director. Guidelines include the following: the WSDOT Design Manual, Highway Research Record 211, and Guidelines for Right-Turn Treatment at Signalized Intersections.

G. Cul-de-sacs and Dead-end Streets. No street or combination of streets shall

function as a cul-de-sac longer than 600 feet.

H. Half Streets. The construction of half streets must be approved by the Public Works Director using the street modification process, and will be permitted only along the boundaries of a development. Pavement, at least 20 feet in width or as required for that street classification (measured from gutter line), will be provided, and an adequate right-of-way width will be dedicated.

I. Limited Access to Arterial. Vehicular access to an arterial and collector may be

permitted consistent with the requirements in Chapter 3, PWDS.


J. Private Streets. Private streets are approved for zero lot line, small lot, and

cottage housing developments. Specifically, cross section details 3-2FF & 3-2GG apply. Streets that are intended for private use in short subdivisions (of 4 or fewer lots) and cluster subdivisions must use cross section 3-2Y, must be approved by the Public Works Director, and must be located within a private tract. The tract must abut four or fewer dwelling units and be less than 150 feet in length.

K. Street Names. The Building Official will assign all street names.

L. Street Lights. The developer will provide streetlights on all improved right-of-

ways and on private roads (drives or roads serving less than four (4) parcels) per PWDS.

M. Street Barricades. The developer will construct and install approved barricades

when roads and/or future roads are closed to traffic or where required by the Public Works Director.

N. Turning and Acceleration/Deceleration Lanes. When required by the Public

Works Director, the developer will construct turning and acceleration/ deceleration lanes and traffic channelization devices along all development frontages and/or off-site as indicated in a Traffic Impact Analysis.

O. Relocation of Utilities. The developer will provide for the relocation of any

utilities that must be moved to accommodate street or other required improvements. If overhead utility lines to be relocated affect three or more spans and/or 500 linear feet, all overhead utilities shall be undergrounded (see policy memo dated 8/18/05 & FWRC 11.05.100).

P. Street Signs. All traffic control devices including street name signs within a

subdivision or short subdivision shall be provided by the developer. All signs shall meet the requirements of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) which is in effect at the time of sign fabrication.

1.3.3 Franchise Utilities

Undergrounding of Overhead Utilities. All required utilities shall be installed underground as new right-of-ways are constructed. If the City determines that undergrounding is not feasible at the time the right-of-way is constructed, the applicant must sign a concomitant agreement to pay the subject property’s fair share of undergrounding the utilities at some future date when undergrounding is feasible. This concomitant agreement shall be recorded with the County at the expense of the applicant and shall run with the property. Underground requirements may be waived or modified using Process I as described in FWRC Chapter 19.55, with the exception that processing is done by the Public Works Department and approved by the Public Works Director. The applicant must demonstrate that it would be undue hardship to construct the facilities underground. “Undue hardship” means either:

• The installation would be technologically unfeasible; or


• The cost of the underground construction outweighs the general welfare consideration in requiring underground construction.

A. Underground requirements - New facilities.

1. All major additions of new facilities (three or more spans and/or 500 feet

or more) shall be underground. 2. Minor additions of new facilities may be constructed aerially where

existing facilities are aerial. 3. A permit from the City Public Works department shall be required.

B. Underground requirements - Rebuilds, replacements, and additions. 1. A relocation necessitated by a public works project including, but not

limited to, road realignment, widening, or sewer and water main projects; a major rebuild; or replacement of existing aerial facilities (three or more spans and/or 500 feet or more) shall be underground, and a permit from the City Public Works Department shall be required; except undergrounding shall not be required in those cases where the Public Works Director finds that undergrounding will not be in the best interest of the public (see clarification memo dated 8/18/05).

Within the Right-of-Way, underground utilities that have been replaced cannot be abandoned in place and shall be removed.

2. A minor rebuild, replacement, or relocation of existing aerial facilities

may be constructed aerially. No permit shall be required. 3. When there is casualty damage to an overhead service system or other

major service outage, the facilities may be restored aerially. No permit shall be required.

4. An addition of three phase conductors or reconductoring, which does not

constitute a major rebuilding, will be allowed on existing aerial facilities. No permit shall be required.

5. The provisions of this section shall not apply when constructing single-

family homes in areas zoned for single-family residences, or in other zones if 75 percent of the affected parcels within the perimeters of the specific project are made up of single-family residences.

C. Underground requirements - Service connections.

Service connections are facilities extending from a distribution system and terminating on private property to serve a customer or subscriber. Service connections shall be underground, unless the distribution system serving the customer or subscriber is aerial, and the building, structure or an addition, alteration, or repair thereto is under $20,000.00 in value.


D. Underground requirements - Connections and disconnections of affected service.

Owners of real property abutting an underground project shall be responsible, at their expense, for converting to underground service and disconnecting their aerial services within 90 days following notice in writing of availability of such underground service. Time in consummating such connection and disconnection is of the essence, and such notice to the property owner, customer, or subscriber may be mailed, postage prepaid, or delivered in person. In the event that such conversion and disconnection is not accomplished within 90 days of receipt of notice, the City may order the work done, and the actual cost shall constitute a lien against the real property subject to enforcement as provided by law.

1.3.4 Bikeways and Walkways

A. Easements. Where needed for purposes of traffic safety or access to schools,

playgrounds, public parks, trails, shopping facilities, or other community facilities, public right-of-way for bikeways or walkways, not less than 20 feet in width, will be dedicated and installed per the Comprehensive Plan (Detail 3-2AA).

B. Improvement Standards. Bikeways and walkways will be surfaced with asphalt concrete and designed to the standards in Chapter 3, PWDS. Bikeways and walkways will be illuminated in accordance with the specifications set forth in this standard. Bollards or other facilities designed to prohibit the passage of motor vehicles through pedestrian easements will be installed to the specifications of the PWDS.

C. Pedestrian and bicycle access shall be provided to develop a non-motorized

network with a block perimeter of no greater than 1,320 feet, as measured on center lines. This requirement may be modified if connections cannot be made due to: 1. Topographical constraints 2. Environmentally sensitive areas 3. Adjacent development not being conducive

1.3.5 Sidewalks, Planting Strips, and Medians Sidewalks, planting strips and/or medians will be constructed within all new developments and on the development sides of any streets abutting the exterior of all developments. Said construction will be subject to the conditions and regulations set forth in Chapter 3 of the PWDS. Sidewalk widths may be required above the minimum in areas where special design standards have been added.

Medians are required on arterial streets to improve traffic circulation and enhance right-of-way appearance as set forth in Chapter 3 of these standards.


1.3.6 Sewer and Water

The developer must contact Lakehaven Water and Sewer District, Highline Water District, or Tacoma Public Utilities for water and sewer requirements. A letter of availability must be submitted with a Building Permit or Subdivision Application.

Lakehaven Water & Sewer District Tacoma Public Utilities Highline

Water District Technical Service Division Customer Service Contact Dept.

31627 1st Ave S Federal Way, WA 98003

3628 S 35th St Tacoma, WA 98409

23828 30th Ave S Kent, WA 98032

(253) 941-1516 (253) 502-8600 or (800) 752-6745 (206) 824-0375

1.3.7 Stormwater Drainage

The developer will provide for the treatment, storage, and disposal of surface drainage through a storm drainage system designed to the standards of the adopted surface water design manual at the time (currently the 2016 KCSWDM), and Chapter 4 of the PWDS.

1.3.8 Solid Waste and Recycling

Requirements for solid waste and recycling enclosure size and service access are found in FWRC 19.125.150. This code section can be found in the Appendix tab Solid Waste and Recycling (SW&R) Standards, along with turning radius and clearances for collection vehicles. Applicants may also contact the City’s franchised hauler for input. FWRC sets minimum area and dimensions for trash enclosures, along with service access and screening/landscaping requirements. All trash enclosures require a Spill Prevention Plan. Larger enclosures will have a roof and sanitary drain, while smaller enclosures will drain to an oil water separator. Applicant plans will also outline service specifications for the intended use, including the number and size of receptacles.

1.3.9 Modification

Any applicant may seek modification to street frontage improvement requirements by the Public Works Director after consideration of the four criteria in FWRC 19.135.070.

1.3.10 Frontage Improvement Modification

A. In certain circumstances it may not be appropriate to require installation of

frontage improvements at the time a development occurs. In such situations, the Public Works Director is authorized to modify, defer, or waive installation of such improvements to a later date under the provisions of this section.

B. Criteria for deferral. The Public Works Director may modify, defer, or waive

any or all required frontage improvements as defined by these Standards, provided one or more of the following criteria are met:


1. The improvement as required would not be harmonious with existing street improvements, would not be advantageous to the neighborhood or City as a whole.

2. Unusual topographic or physical conditions preclude the construction of

the improvements as required. 3. Proper vertical or horizontal alignments cannot be determined because

the existing streets do not have alignments meeting current standards. 4. The required improvement is part of a larger project that has been

scheduled for construction in the City’s Transportation Improvement Program.

C. Security for modification. Any deferred frontage improvement will be secured

for installation at a later date by one of the following methods selected by the Public Works Director. 1. Commitment to participate in a local improvement district. The property

owner will execute a covenant document that ensures the participation of the subject property owner(s) in any local improvement district formed for the construction of such frontage improvements. Said document will be in a form provided by the City of Federal Way and will be effective for a period of ten years from the date of recording.

2. Payment in Lieu of Installation. The property owner will pay to the City

an amount equal to the estimated value of the required frontage improvements as determined by the Public Works Director. Such amount will be deposited into a municipal fund account reserved for the financing of such improvement. Such payment will be refunded in full, plus interest to the property owner should the City not commence with the project to install the required frontage improvements or if the funds are not encumbered within six (6) years from the date such payment is made.

1.3.11 Reimbursement Areas

Reimbursement for Installation of Public Improvements. Whenever any party, including the City, a developer and/or a local improvement district funds the installation of street, sidewalk, curb, gutter, storm drainage, street lighting, traffic signs and signals, street trees, underground communications and power facilities that benefit non-participating properties the party may make application to the Public Works Director for the establishment by contract of an assessment reimbursement area, as outlined in Chapter 18.65, Section 18.65.010 through Section 18.65.090 of the FWRC (latecomers agreement).


1.4 PERMITS AND APPROVALS

1.4.1 General The purpose of this section is to advise property owners, developers, builders, contractors, and other interested persons of the pre-development, design, construction, and permit requirements of the City of Federal Way Public Works Department.

1.4.2 Development Permits and Approvals

Prior to the initiation of any construction activity within public right-of-ways or easements, or work on private property as herein described, all permits, licenses, and approvals shall be secured by the owner or authorized agent. The permittee shall be responsible for compliance with all conditions, requirements, or special instructions specified or implied by the approved permit. The following are the permits or approvals that may be required for construction within the City of Federal Way.

A. Pre-application Conference and Development Review Committee Approval B. Environmental (SEPA) Process C. Land Use Permits D. Excavation and Grading Permits E. Engineering Permit F. Building Permits G. Subdivision, Boundary Line Adjustment, Binding Site Plan, Lot Line Elimination H. Right-of-Way Permits I. Preconstruction Meeting J. Project Finalization K. Assessment Reimbursement Area L. Traffic Concurrency

1.4.3 Environmental Approvals

The City of Federal Way Planning Staff, prior to the issuance of any development or construction permits, may require an Environmental Checklist. If required, a Determination of Non-Significance (DNS), Mitigated Determination of Non-Significance (MDNS), or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) may be required prior to proceeding with the project.


1.4.4 Land Use Permits

The City of Federal Way Zoning Code requires that a Land Use Approval shall be issued for all excavating and grading permits; building permits for new construction, alteration, repair, or house moves; and for use of vacant lands or land use changes within any zoning district. The Land Use Permit certifies that the proposed land use is consistent with the City of Federal Way Zoning Code. Per FWRC Section 19.90.030, a Traffic Concurrency (CN) application should be submitted concurrent with any Land Use application.

1.4.5 Excavation and Grading Permits

An Engineering (EN) Approval is required for clearing, excavation and filling in the ROW, grading, and temporary erosion control construction. The Public Works Department shall administer the approval. An Engineering Permit will not be issued prior to plan approval of engineering or building plans related to the entire project. Excavation and filling activities on future lots requires a separate review and permit from the building department.

1.4.6 Building Permits

See Community Development (Building Department) for Building Permit requirements.

A. Typically, at the time of Permit Application, the developer shall submit working

drawings plus additional copies of the plans as specified by the Building, Fire, Planning and Public Works Departments to the Building Official along with a completed application for a Building Permit and the following submittals as applicable:

1. Structural Calculations

2. Storm Drainage Detention Calculations

3. Soils Analysis

4. Energy Code Calculations

5. Landscape Plan

6. Site Plan

7. Utilities, Storm, Road, and Onsite Grading Plan, and streetlighting

8. Temporary Erosion Sedimentation Control Plan

9. State Flood Zone Control Permit (if required)

10. Contractors Registration Number and Expiration Date

11. Five Complete Sets of Blueprints

12. Building and Topographical Survey Information


13. Payment of all Plan Check Fees

14. Other Submittals as Specifically Requested at the Development Review

Committee Meeting.

15. Project Cost Estimate

16. Bond Quantities Worksheet

17. Legal Descriptions for Required Easements or Right-of-Way Dedication

18. Capacity Reserve Certificate (CRC)

B. The City will review plans and calculations for conformance with City development requirements, standards, codes, policies, rules and regulations. Red-line drawings and plan review comments will be returned to the applicant or the designated contact person for corrections. Plans shall be revised by the applicant’s engineer to address all red-line comments and plan review checklist requirements.

Prior to approval of the respective design plans by Building, Public Works, Community Development Departments, and Federal Way Fire, submittal of necessary easements, mitigation agreements, and any other documents as specifically required by the above departments shall be completed. The Building Official will issue an approved Building Permit subsequent to submittal of necessary bonds, liability insurance, fees, required documents in the Developer Extension packet and other requirements of the Community Development Department.

C. Prior to the issuance of the Building Permit all outstanding fees must be paid.

This may include:

1. Building Permit Fee 2. Right-of-Way Permit and Cash Bond, if required. (See Section 1.4.8). 3. Public Works Plan Review Fees 4. Environmental Mitigation Fees 5. Impact Fees

1.4.7 Subdivisions

The regulations and procedures for the subdivision of land are found in the Federal Way Subdivision Code (Title 18 of FWRC). Construction plans for approved preliminary plats are submitted to the Community Development Department for review and approval by the Public Works Director.


As a minimum, it is necessary to submit three sets of construction plans consistent with the requirements of the construction standards herein, along with two sets of storm water calculations, and any other documents required by the Director. To begin plan review, it is necessary to pay the Plan Review Fee. Prior to construction, it will be necessary to obtain an Engineering Permit and any other permits deemed necessary by the Public Works Department. Once plans are approved, bonding is complete, and plan review fees have been paid, a preconstruction conference may be scheduled.

1.4.8 Right-of-Way Permits

City right-of-way shall not be privately improved or used for access or other purposes, and no development approval shall be issued that requires use of privately maintained City right-of-way unless a permit has been issued pursuant to this article, except for utility construction work otherwise authorized.

Review of Application Procedures:

A. Upon receipt of an application for any Right-of-Way Use Permit the City shall

determine whether the proposed activity is within the City-owned right-of-way. B. The Public Works Director shall review applications for compliance with

applicable City plans, policies, regulations, and standards. Prior to issuing a Right-of-Way Use Permit, the City shall determine and secure an appropriate bond as described in this article.

C. The City shall, when feasible, consolidate right-of-way use permits with other

development permits and when all requirements of this article are met, a separate Right-of-Way Use Permit shall not be required and the fee for right-of-way use review shall be included with that Development Approval Fee.

Detailed engineering and restoration plans and/or drainage plans may be required when considered necessary by the Public Works Director. Costs for the development of such plans and conduct of required studies shall be borne by the permit applicant.

1.4.9 Preconstruction Meeting

Upon completion of items and conditions as described, a Preconstruction Meeting will be scheduled with the Engineering Plans Reviewer. At the Preconstruction Meeting, construction schedules, performance testing, and construction details will be confirmed; written authorization to proceed will be issued following the meeting.

1.4.10 Project Finalization

Following completion of construction and testing, the owner shall schedule a final walk-through field inspection of the completed public improvements with the City’s Engineering Field Inspector and the contractor. A minimum of two working days’ notice is required for this inspection. At walk-through, a punch list of construction deficiencies will be compiled. The contractor shall notify the inspector upon completion of the punch list, and following verification by the inspector, final acceptance of the constructed


improvements will be issued. Upon completion of the final punch list, and following review and approval of as built plans the owner is required to provide:

• One (1) paper copy of the field-surveyed as-built plans sealed using certification

from Standard Drawing 2-1 by a PLS or P.E. registered in the State of Washington. • One (1) electronic copy of the as-built plans in AutoCAD format.

• One (1) copy of as-built plans in PDF format. You may omit the paper copy if the

PDF copy has been sealed by a PLS or P.E. • Corrected/final TIR sealed by a P.E. registered in the State of Washington. Upon final acceptance of the project by the Public Works Department, a 70-percent release of performance bond and administrative deposit will be authorized. The remainder will be held as a maintenance bond and will remain in effect for two years from the date of final acceptance.

1.5 HOURS OF CONSTRUCTION

1.5.1 Outside Right-of-Way

Work may only be performed between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, and between 9:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on Saturday, unless different hours of operation are approved in writing by the Director of Community Development. No work is permitted between 8:00 p.m. Saturday to 7:00 a.m. Monday. (FWRC 19.105.040)

1.5.2 Within Right-of-Way Work that requires the taking of a traffic lane or significantly impacts traffic may only be performed between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, unless different hours of operation are approved in writing by the Public Works Director. No work is permitted in the ROW on weekends. No work is permitted on arterials after 12:00 p.m. on Fridays.

1.5.3 Holiday Work Schedule

No work will be permitted within the Right of Way starting at 12:00 p.m. on the day prior to an observed holiday or on holidays observed by the City. See City Observed Holiday list for dates. No lane closures will be permitted within the City Center zone (see Map VII-2) from the Friday after Thanksgiving Day, “Black Friday” until the first City recognized business day of the following year.


CHAPTER 2 - GENERAL PUBLIC WORKS REQUIREMENTS

2.1 RESPONSIBILITY OF OWNER/DEVELOPER The Owner/Developer is responsible for completing all work and improvements in full compliance with the approved plans and specifications. The developer shall furnish all labor, materials, tools, equipment, transportation, necessary supplies and incidentals required to make each and every item complete as documented by said plans and specifications. The Design Engineer and/or Director must approve any deviation from these requirements in writing.

2.1.1 Standard Specifications

Design detail, workmanship, and materials will be in accordance with the current edition of the “Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge and Municipal Construction,” the “Local Agency General Provisions (GSPs)” and the “Standard Plans for Road, Bridge and Municipal Construction,” all written and promulgated by the Washington State Chapter of the APWA and WSDOT, except where these standards provide otherwise. The following referred materials will be applicable when pertinent, when specifically cited in the standards, or when required by an outside funding authority.

A. Rules and regulations as adopted in the FWRC. B. King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM) as amended by the City

of Federal Way. C. King County Road Standards (KCRS), most current edition. D. Executive Proposed Basin Plan, Hylebos Creek and Lower Puget Sound E. City of Federal Way Comprehensive Plan, most current edition. F. Conditions and standards as set forth in the WSDOT Design Manual, most

current edition. G. U.S. Department of Transportation Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

(MUTCD), as amended and approved by WSDOT, most current edition. H. Conditions and standards as set forth by the State of Washington, Department of

Labor and Industries I. Design criteria of federal agencies including Department of Housing and Urban

Development and the Federal Housing Administration J. Other specifications not listed above as may apply when required by the City of

Federal Way

2.1.2 Shortened Designation

The City of Federal Way Public Works Development Standards will be cited routinely in the text as either the “Standards” or the “PWDS”.


2.1.3 Applicability

These standards will govern all new construction and upgrading of facilities both in the right-of-way and on-site for transportation and transportation related facilities; storm drainage facilities; and park, recreation, and open-space facilities.

2.1.4 Design Standards

A. Detailed plans, prepared by a professional engineer licensed in the state of

Washington, must be submitted to the City for plan review and approval prior to the commencement of any construction. All plans must be signed and stamped by the applicant’s engineer prior to submittal for plan review. The Public Works Director or their designee, prior to the start of construction, will approve final plans.

B. Materials proposed for use in construction of publicly owned or publicly

maintained facilities must be in conformance to approved material standards in place at the time of submittal. Unapproved materials cannot be adequately evaluated within the plan review period.

C. Plans as required by the Standards are required to be submitted along with a

completed Building Permit Application Form. All drawings will be on 22” x 34” or 24” by 36” sheet size. Approved plan sheets will be good quality reproducible paper, and shall bear a title showing the name of the project, the name of the owner, the name, address, seal, date, and signature of the design engineer. The cover sheet and all plan sheets shall include the same general title block including consecutive sheet numbers. An approval block shall generally be located in the lower right hand corner of the drawing. Federal Way standard notes (as contained in this chapter), applicable details (as contained in these standards), vicinity map and legend of symbols shall also be included in the plan set.

D. Profile drawings shall have a horizontal scale of not more than 50 feet to the inch

or a vertical scale of not more than 10 feet to the inch. Plan views shall be of a corresponding horizontal scale.

E. Specifications will be required and submitted with the plans if General Notes do

not adequately cover the project requirements.

2.1.5 Minimum Plan Elements The following items must be incorporated into all engineering plans:

Horizontal Plans

A. Roadway or proposed utility alignments, reading from left to right, showing

stationing of points of curvature, tangency, intersection angle points, and with ties to existing monuments, including all necessary curvature data.

B. Bearings on roadway centerline or utility centerline, referenced to the City of

Federal Way datum as well as location, description, and elevation of the nearest City benchmark. Vertical datum shall be NGVD-29 or KCAS.


C. Right-of-way and easement lines for existing and proposed improvements,

including identification of all roadways, easements (including auditors file numbers), adjacent lot and tax lot numbers, and subdivision identifications.

D. All topographic features within and adjacent to proposed improvements and

within sufficient area to assess impacts of slopes, drainage, access, future extensions, availability of service connections, etc.

E. All existing and proposed (if known) public and private utilities, including

telephone, electrical power, cable television, natural gas, water and/or sewer districts and any other known utilities that may affect the proposed construction.

F. Existing and proposed drainage facilities, including culverts, catch basins,

ditches, etc., indicating direction of flow, size, type of pipe, invert and rim elevations.

G. Identification of adjacent roads, subdivisions, building addresses, or any other

information to facilitate locations and future reference. H. Curb return elevations shall be shown at quarter points at all intersections at a

minimum (larger radii should have more points), to verify drainage and a smooth transition.

Profile Plans A. Profile drawings shall be prepared with all storm drain and street design plans,

and with any other plans where vertical control is deemed to be important. B. In general, the existing centerline profile shall be plotted, denoting grade breaks,

topographic features, and any other information important to the design. C. The finish grade roadway and/or utility profile shall be shown with the same

stationing as the horizontal plan. D. Roadway profiles shall include existing and proposed centerline elevations at

least at 50 foot stations; centerline grades and vertical curves, including station and elevations at PVC’s, PVI’s, PVT’s, top of crest vertical curve, bottom of sag curve, flow grade of 0.50% within 50 feet of the level point for a sag vertical curve.

E. Storm drain profiles shall include pipe slopes, diameters, lengths, rim and invert

elevations, manhole and/or catch basin locations, type and numbers, and any other information relevant to the design.

Detail Plans

A. Where special construction procedures or structures are required, special detail

drawings are required. Standard details can be referenced to the Standard Specifications or the Standard Details as contained in the Appendix.


B. Special Detail Drawings shall contain adequate dimensions, sections, views, notes, and call outs to construct the structure, or permit preparation of detailed shop drawings by the fabricator when necessary.

2.1.6 Drafting Standards

A. All plans submitted for either design approval or permanent record will be free of

photographs, stick-ons, or shading. Hatching may be acceptable if the pattern is not excessively dense.

B. Design drawings will be submitted legible white, blue or black format. C. See Section 1.4.10 for As-built drawings requirements. D. Plans will be prepared with the understanding that each will be microfilmed.

Minimum text height will be at least 0.08 times the scale factor (i.e., 1" = 20' scale minimum text will be 20 (0.08) = 1.6 units). Minimum nominal text size will be 1/8".

E. No engineering plans will be accepted with architect’s scale. F. Plans will show all existing and proposed monuments. All Monumentation will

be described using current City of Federal Way coordinates. Centerline of roadways, easements (with type and dimensions), and other pertinent data will be referenced to existing monuments.

G. All existing features (pipes, curbs, power poles, etc.) are to be produced with a

small pen or half tones. Proposed features will be distinguished by a larger or bolder line weight.

2.1.7 Plan Review

All plans and reports are to be submitted to the Permit Center. Any necessary easements, dedications, contracts, agreements, bonds, or variance requests will be submitted for review along with the plans. City staff will make a completeness check of the plans against the Engineering Review Checklist in the Appendix. If the plans meet the minimum checklist requirements as to context, they will be routed to the appropriate City staff, and the plan review process begins. Applications for which no permit is issued within 180 days following the date of application will expire by limitation, and plans and other data submitted for review may thereafter be returned to the applicant or destroyed by the Development Services Manager. The Building Official may extend the time for action by the applicant for a period not exceeding 180 days upon request of the applicant showing circumstances beyond the control of the applicant have prevented action from being taken. No application will be extended more than once. In order to renew action on an application after expiration, the applicant will resubmit plans and pay a new Plan Review Fee.

2.1.8 Preconstruction Meeting

Once the plans have been approved, bonding is in place, and applicable fees have been paid, the developer, contractor, or their agents must schedule a Preconstruction Meeting


with the Engineering Plans Reviewer. The owner, general contractor, engineer, architect, and subcontractor should attend. No work shall commence prior to the Preconstruction Meeting and Notice to Proceed.

2.1.9 Construction Control

Work performed for the construction or improvement of City roads and utilities whether by or for a private developer will be done to the satisfaction of the City and in accordance with these standards and the approved plans. No work will be started until plans are approved. The City will approve any revision to such plans before being implemented. Failure to receive the City’s approval can result in removal or modification of construction improvements at the contractor or developer’s expense to bring it into conformance with the approved plans.

2.1.10 Inspection

All work performed within the public right-of-way or easements, or as described in these standards, whether by or for a private developer, will be done to the satisfaction of the City and in accordance with the WSDOT Standard Specifications, any approved plans and these standards. The City must approve any revision to construction plans before being implemented. The City will have authority to enforce these standards as well as other referenced or pertinent specifications. The City will appoint project engineers, assistants, and inspectors as necessary to inspect the work and they will exercise such approved authority as the City may delegate. All specific inspections, test measurements or actions required of all work and materials are set forth in their respective chapters herein. Tests will be performed at the developer or contractor’s expense. Failure to comply with the provisions of these standards may result in stop work orders, removal of work accomplished, or other penalties as established by ordinance. A project is considered final when as-built drawings, dedications, easements, and maintenance agreements have been submitted to and approved by the City, and the City issues a letter of acceptance to the party responsible for the project. The contractor will pay for work beyond the normal working hours of the inspector at time and one half according to the overtime rates determined by the City.

2.1.11 Protection of Public and Private Utilities

The contractor shall be responsible under RCW for locating all existing underground utilities and protecting the same against damage whether shown on the plans or not. The contractor shall support and protect all pipes, curbs, conduits, poles, wires or other apparatus which may be in any way affected by the work, and do everything to support, sustain, and protect the same, under, over, along, or across said work. In case any of said public or private utilities should be damaged, they shall be repaired by the contractor whenever feasible on the private/public utility having control of same, and the expense of such repairs, shall be the responsibility of the developer or contractor.


The contractor shall further be responsible for any damage done to any street or other public property, or to any private property by reason of the breaking of any water pipe, sewer, or gas pipe, electric conduit or other utility by or through his/her negligence.

2.1.12 Damage to Private Property and Improvements

The developer’s work shall be confined to the job site premises and necessary off-site easements and they shall not enter upon or place materials on other private premises except by written consent of the individual owners, and shall hold harmless the City from all suits and actions of every kind that might result from the use of private property. The contractor shall take adequate precautions to protect existing lawns, trees and shrubs outside public right-of-way, sidewalks, curbs, pavements, utilities, adjoining property, structures, and to avoid damage thereto, and shall at their own expense completely repair any damage thereto caused by their operations to the satisfaction of the Director. All impacted property owners must be notified in advance of said work.

2.1.13 Final Inspection

Following acceptance of all public improvements, the developer shall be held responsible to guarantee materials and workmanship for a period of two years of satisfactory performance and operation. Any defects that appear during this period shall be corrected by the developer at no cost to the City under the terms of the maintenance bond. The inspector will not make the final inspection until the work required by the contract, including final cleanup has been completed. The contractor shall, at any time requested, submit to the Director properly authenticated documents or other satisfactory proofs as to their compliance with the contract requirements. If the examination of the above documents reveals any defects in the work, such defects should be repaired or replaced as the Director may direct before final acceptance. The cost of all such repairs and replacements shall be borne by the developer. The City’s right to conduct inspections is to determine if acceptable construction practices are followed, the inspection process does not make the City an insurer or guarantor of contractor compliance or competence. Responsibility for any failures to follow these standards rests solely with the developer and its agents.

2.1.14 Final Acceptance

Final acceptance of improvements requires the following:

A. The correction of all defects as noted on the final punchlist.

B. Material submittals, shop drawings, and acceptable test/inspection reports. C. As-Built Plans – See Section 1.4.10 D. Statutory Warranty Deed - The developer shall submit a completed statutory warranty

deed for all right-of-ways and other lands to be dedicated to the public.


2.1.15 Maintenance of Work After Acceptance

The developer shall be responsible for the entire improvement and maintain said improvements until the City has accepted it. The City reserves the right to utilize any portion of the improvements prior to final acceptance and in such event the City will assume responsibility for its use in case of damage caused by normal use.

2.1.16 Samples and Tests

At the direction of the Director, the developer shall direct a certified testing laboratory to conduct necessary field and/or lab tests of materials or methods. All testing shall be in accordance with commonly recognized standards of the appropriate national organizations, WSDOT or common industry standards. The field tests of materials shall be made as deemed necessary by the Director at no cost to the City. In general, tests shall be made at the frequency as outlined by the applicable sections of the Standard Specifications. The developer shall furnish, without charge, samples of all materials, material cut sheets, and shop drawings as requested by the Director. Bills of lading or other proof of materials supplied for the project shall also be furnished as required by the Director. Materials shall not be used until approved. The Director shall be furnished certified copies of the complete test reports direct from the testing lab. Materials shall be delivered on the work in advance in such quantities as to afford the Director an opportunity to make review tests results before the materials are to be used.

2.2 FEES

Fees, charges or bonding requirements will be as established by the City Council adopting a fee, charge, and bonding requirement schedule except where specifically set forth in the FWRC. The basic plan check fee for 12 hours of review time is due when plans are submitted for review. Supplemental Plan Review Fees will be charged on an hourly basis for reviews in excess of 12 hours. These fees will be due prior to Building Permit issuance. All inspection deposits are due prior to Preconstruction Meeting.

2.3 BONDING

Bonds or other allowable securities will be required by the City to guarantee the performance and maintenance of required civil-related work. Bonding requirements are as follows:

A. The performance guarantee shall be in an amount equal to 120% of the estimated construction cost of:

a. All off-site and onsite improvements that will be dedicated/owned by the City. b. All onsite erosion and sediment control facilities and site restoration. c. As-built plans.

B. The amount of the performance guarantee shall be calculated by a professional engineer,

using the City of Federal Way’s Bond Quantity Worksheet.


C. Upon request, the City may consider reduction of the performance bond on a case by case basis. Amount of reduction will be determined by the City.

D. Upon completion of the project, which includes the submittal of complete as-built plans,

the performance portion of the bond, 70%, shall be released and the remaining 30% of the bond shall be retained for two years as a maintenance bond.

Administrative deposits may be used to pay for outstanding fees and or work performed by the City on behalf of the developer to correct maintenance or performance issues.

2.4 EASEMENTS

Where public utilities and/or their conveyance systems cross private lands, an easement must be granted to the City. The Public Works Department will generally review and approve all easements. If the property is platted, the easement may be conveyed when the short plat or final plat is filed. An attorney, licensed land surveyor, or engineering firm capable of performing such work must prepare all easements not conveyed as part of a plat. Easement widths will be centered on the utility and be a minimum of ten feet wide. Construction/slope easements will be required when appropriate, with widths as necessary to encompass work area. When trench depths dictate, or where pipe diameter or vault widths exceed four feet, a wider easement may be required by the Public Works Director. For stormwater conveyance systems, easement widths and building setbacks shall be as established by the KCSWDM. Easements are required to be submitted in draft, unsigned form for review and approval prior to plan approval. Any change in design that places an amenity (i.e. water, sewer, sidewalk, etc.) outside of the easement may necessitate stopping construction until plans and easements can be resubmitted and approved. The Developer/Contractor, upon satisfactory completion of the work, will file easements.

2.5 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

The developer/contractor will be responsible for interim traffic control during construction on or along traveled roadways. Traffic control will follow the guidelines of the WSDOT Standard Specifications. Traffic controls, signs, road obstructions, barricades, and traffic plans shall be in accordance with Part VI of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. In addition, multi-lane roads require sequential arrow board(s). The Traffic Control Plan will be submitted to and approved by the City prior to the start of construction. Signs must be legible and visible, and will be removed at the end of each work day if not applicable after construction hours. All necessary and/or required traffic control devices will be in place prior to the beginning of the project construction, or on a daily basis during project construction. When road closures and detours cannot be avoided, the contractor/developer will notify the Department of Public Works Construction Inspectors within a minimum of 48 hours. The City will require a detour plan to be prepared, submitted, and approved prior to closing any portion of a City roadway.


Work can occur in the right-of-way generally between the hours of 8:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, except holidays (see Section 1.5 of these Standards). The Public Works Director may grant exceptions to these work hours on a case-by-case basis. Unless otherwise permitted under a Building Permit or Engineering (EN) Approval, a Right-of-Way Permit will be required before work in the right-of-way can commence. All utility work within the right-of-way requires a Right-of-Way Permit

2.6 CALL BEFORE YOU DIG

All developers/contractors are responsible for timely notification of all utilities in advance of any construction in right-of-way or utility easements. The utilities one-call Underground Location Center phone number is 1-800-424-5555 or 811. It is the Developer/Contractor’s responsibility to comply with all Underground Location Laws and Regulations.

2.7 EMERGENCY WORK POLICY FOR PRIVATE UTILITIES

Should the work of a developer/contractor result in an emergency street or utility shutdown during non-working hours, the direct overtime costs of responding City personnel will be billed to the responsible party. The Federal Way Public Works 24-hour emergency telephone number is (253) 835-2700.


CHAPTER 3 – TRANSPORTATION

3.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

The overall goal of this chapter is to encourage the uniform development of an integrated, fully accessible public transportation system that will facilitate present and future travel demand with minimal environmental impact to the community as a whole. This chapter provides minimum development standards.

3.2 STREETS

3.2.1 General

Street design must provide for the maximum loading conditions anticipated. The width and grade of the pavement must conform to specific standards set forth herein for safety and uniformity.


The design of streets and roads will depend upon their type and usage. The design elements of City streets will conform to City standards as set forth herein, in FWRC Sections 19.135.130 through 19.135.250, (See Minimum Street Design Standards, Table 1, in the Appendix.) and the current edition of King County Road Standards (KCRS). Where there are conflicts, the FWRC shall supersede KCRS. Standard design street sections are shown on details in the Appendix. The layout of streets will provide for the connectivity of existing streets in adjoining subdivisions or of their proper projection when adjoining property is not subdivided. (See Minimum Street Design Standards, Table 1, in the Appendix.) A. Alignment. Alignment of major arterials, minor arterials and collectors will

conform as close as possible with that shown in the Comprehensive Plan. B. Grade. Street grade should conform closely to the natural contour of the land. In

some cases the Public Works Director may require a different grade. The minimum allowable grade will be 0.5 percent. Maximum allowable grade is dependent upon the street classification and is provided in Table 1 of the Appendix.

C. Width. The pavement and right-of-way width depend upon the street

classification. The minimum widths allowed are shown in the Appendix.

Street widths will be measured from face of curb to face of curb on streets with Portland Cement Concrete curb, and edge of pavement to edge of pavement in ditch section streets.

D. The General Notes in the Appendix will be included on any plans dealing with

street design in addition to all applicable requirements.


Provisions for Utility Service:

E. Existing Utilities - It is the responsibility of the developer to verify the location of all existing and proposed underground and aerial utilities prior to design. The developer shall coordinate the design and installation with the respective utility companies.

F. Utility Service - All properties adjacent to a new street shall be provided with

water, sewer (sanitary sewer), storm drainage, electricity, telephone, cable TV, and natural gas, if available, in such a manner as to avoid future street excavation and the associated disruptions to traffic. The number and location of service “stub outs” to be installed shall be based upon the lot configuration of the properties adjacent to the proposed street improvements. Utilities shall be provided underground. All underground utility lines in the ROW must have a minimum thirty-six (36”) inch cover from finished grade, ditch bottom, or natural ground

3.2.3 Naming

Streets and roads will be named according to specific criteria. The City is divided into two sections by 1st Avenue South (S or SW). “Avenues” run north-south and are numbered with the exception of certain long-standing historical names. “Streets” run east-west and are numbered. An address number will be assigned to all new buildings at the time the Building Permit is issued. It is then the owner’s responsibility to see that the numbers are placed clearly and visibly at the main entrance to the property or at the principal place of ingress. The developer must check with the Building Department regarding the naming of streets. This should be done at the time the preliminary plat is submitted and again upon approval of the final plat. The Building Department will ensure that the name assigned to a new street is consistent with policies of the City.

3.2.4 Signing and Striping

Street signs are defined as any regulatory, warning, or guide signs. The developer is responsible for providing all street signs. Street signs will comply with the latest editions of the KCRS, WSDOT Standards, U.S. Department of Transportation MUTCD, and AASHTO. City of Federal Way street sign standard specifications are provided in Standard Detail 3-49 and 3-54. A. Sign Design Standards

1. Signs shall be installed per King County standards. 2. All signs shall be ASTM Type III sheeting except overhead and median

mount signs shall be ASTM Type IX sheeting. 3. The Developer will provide street name signs for private streets at their

intersections with public streets. Such signs will have “Private Street” rider. 4. New streets that are stubbed out for future extension shall be signed as such. 5. All signing on new streets shall be provided by the Developer concurrent

with dedication of right-of-way.


6. Guide signs maybe purchased for non-profit or public institutions. When installed, they will be designed to be consistent with King County standards for street name signs and installed on the same posts as existing street name signs. Signing will be permitted only between the nearest arterials and the site of requesting institution. The current cost is $300 each. Such guide signs will not be maintained, and will only be replaced as the applicant’s request at their expense.

7. Memorial signs may be purchased for drunk-driving related fatalities. The current cost is $300 each. Such guide signs will not be maintained, and will only be replaced at the applicant’s request at their expense.

8. Speed limit signs should be placed where speed limits change, and downstream from intersections with functional classifications higher than minor collector.

9. All-way stops should be installed only when MUTCD warrants are met, under the Neighborhood Traffic Safety Program requirements, or when needed to address intersection sight distance requirements that cannot be reasonably met.

10. Signing to describe left-turn phasing (“Left Turn Must Yield”) should only be used temporarily when phasing is changed.

11. Fluorescent yellow green should only be used for school zones and non-motorized warning signs.

The developer will provide pavement markings and street signs, including poles and hardware, under the City’s direction to establish uniformity. Street name signs will display street names and orientation designation (see appendix for sign materials and installation guidelines). B. Striping Design Standards

1. All arterials without curbs or outside travel lanes greater than 15 feet in width

shall have edge lines. 2. Crosswalks, turn arrows, and pavement legends shall be thermoplastic. All

other pavement markings on arterials shall be profiled MMA (“Durastripe”) with Type 2 Raised Pavement Markers. Collector streets, when marked, shall be marked with painted stripes with Type 2 Raised Pavement Markers per City Standard Details 3-17, 3-18, 3-19 and 3-20.

3. Type 2 Raised Pavement Markers should be checked annually and replaced if more than 50% of the reflective faces are missing.

4. Drop lane striping should be used when through traffic lanes are dropped. 5. Where cement concrete curb is used in lieu of pavement markings,

appropriate marking pattern of Type 2 Raised Pavement Markers for the pavement markings replaced shall be used.

6. HOV lane striping should consist of wide lines, solid if no driveway exists for at least 300 feet and last 100 feet prior to signalized intersection, and dotted wide line elsewhere.

3.2.5 Right-of-Way

Right-of-way width is determined by the functional classification of a street. See Minimum Street Design Standards Table 1. See the street section details for specific widths.


Right-of-way requirements may be increased if additional lanes, pockets, transit lanes, bus loading zones, operational speed, bike lanes, utilities, etc. are required as determined by the Public Works Director. Right-of-way will be conveyed to the City through a recorded plat or statutory warranty deed and shall be free from all encumbrances. Dedication Requirements: If the right-of-way abutting the subject property has inadequate width based on the requirements in FWRC Sections 19.135.200 through 19.135.250, the applicant shall dedicate a portion of the subject property parallel to the right-of-way and equal in width to the difference between the present and required right-of-way width. The Public Works Director may waive dedication or permit dedication of a lesser amount if: A. It is likely that, within the near future, the private property across the right-of-way will

be required to dedicate property for public right-of-way; or B. The reduction in the required right-of-way width will nonetheless provide adequate

room for all improvements, infrastructure, and functions within the right-of-way.

For the purpose of determining rough proportionality of right-of-way dedication to the development’s impacts, the City may require up to 300 square feet of right-of-way dedication per average daily trip generated by the development.

3.2.6 Private Streets

Acceptance of existing private streets as public streets will be considered only if the streets meet all applicable public street standards, including right-of-way widths. New private streets may be allowed at the Public Works Director’s discretion. All private roads shall, at a minimum, meet City of Federal Way PWDS for pavement width, sidewalk and planter strip. Street lighting is required on private streets in accordance with City standards, unless otherwise modified by the Public Works Director. Rights and responsibilities of each served property must be established by written document approved by the City Attorney and recorded in the County.

3.2.7 Street Frontage Improvements

A. All new commercial and residential (including multi-family) development, plats, and

short plats will install street frontage improvements at the time of construction as required by the Public Works Department. Such improvements may include street widening, curb, gutter, sidewalk, handicap ramps, storm drainage, street lighting, planter strips, street trees, utility relocation or undergrounding, transit facilities, and traffic signal modification or installation. Plans will be prepared and signed by a licensed civil engineer registered in the State of Washington.

B. Frontage improvements must be installed along the entire frontage and width of each right-of-way that abuts or traverses the subject property (FWRC 19.135.040). Tapers and transitions beyond the project frontage are required as deemed necessary for safety purposes, taper rate shall be based on WSDOT Design Manual; WS2/60. The requirement may be reduced to half-street frontage improvements (centerline to right-


of-way line) at the discretion of the Public Works Director, but in no case will less than a 20-foot travel way be provided.

C. A remodel or redevelopment of existing structures or improvements will be required to install frontage improvements, provided that: 1) within any 12-month period, the value of new improvements will exceed 25% of the assessed or appraised value (whichever is greater) of all existing structures on the property, and 2) public improvements have not been installed as part of any other Land Use Permit within the immediately preceding four years (FWRC Section 19.135.030).

D. Waiver, deferral, or modification of required frontage improvements may be requested (FWRC 19.135.070). The criteria under which the request will be reviewed are:

1. The improvement as required would not be harmonious with existing street

improvements, would not function properly or safely or would not be advantageous to the neighborhood or City as a whole.

2. Unusual topographic or physical conditions preclude the construction of improvements as required.

3. Proper vertical or horizontal alignments cannot be determined because the existing streets do not have correct alignments.

4. The required improvement is part of a larger project that has been scheduled for construction in the City’s Capital Improvements Program.

Requests must be made in writing to the Deputy Public Works Director and accompanied by a processing fee. A written response will be provided to the request. If a deferral is granted, it is commonly accompanied by a condition that the applicant sign and notarize a Local Improvement District No-Protest Waiver Agreement. Recording Fees are the responsibility of the applicant. ROW modifications will expire 12 months after the date of issuance.

E. Waiver, deferral, or modification of required frontage improvements may be

requested (FWRC 19.135.070). The criteria under which the request will be reviewed are:

1. When adding to dissimilar pavement materials.

2. If widening is less than two feet.

3. If any open cuts are required within the existing road surface.

4. If a uniform two percent crown slope cannot be maintained.

5. When existing paved shoulder does not meet minimum pavement section

requirements.


3.2.8 Half Street

A half street is an otherwise acceptable roadway section modified to conform to limited right-of-way on the boundary of property subject to development. See definition in Section 1. A half street may be permitted subject to approval by the Public Works Department when:

A. There is reasonable assurance of obtaining the prescribed additional right-of-way from

the adjoining property suitable for completion of a full-section roadway; and

B. Such alignment is consistent with, or will establish, a reasonable circulation pattern; and

C. The right-of-way width of the half street will equal at least 30 feet, or 50 percent of the required right-of-way, whichever is greater; and

D. The traveled way will be surfaced the same as the designated street classification to a width not less than 20 feet; and

E. The half street will be graded consistent with the centerline of the ultimate roadway section; and

F. Property line edge of street will be finished with permanent concrete curb to insure proper drainage, bank stability, and traffic safety.

3.2.9 Medians

Medians may be required to improve traffic circulation and enhance right-of-way appearance. Medians shall be required if either of the following conditions are met:

A. There are more than two through traffic lanes in either direction.

B. The roadway segment has a crash rate greater than 10 crashes per million vehicle

miles as determined by the Public Works Director. A median will be in addition to, not part of, the specified roadway width. Medians will be designed so as not to limit turning radius or sight distance at intersections. (Medians will be a minimum of four-feet wide.) Landscaping and irrigation are required. Hardscaping with approved stamped concrete treatment for medians less than 4 feet wide shall be required (See Appendix for approved plant list). Edges shall be vertical curb. All median refuge islands shall include truncated dome detectable warning surfaces across the entire width of the refuge opening as required by ADA standards and the Public Works Department. Truncated dome installations on asphalt surfaces shall be liquid-applied MMA-Style Truncated Dome Detectable Warning Surfaces by Vanguard ADA Systems, or City-approved equal.


3.2.10 Intersections

A. Traffic control will be as specified in the current edition of the MUTCD or as modified by the Public Works Director as a result of appropriate traffic engineering studies.

B. Street intersections will be laid out so as to intersect as nearly as possible at right angles. Sharp angled intersections will be avoided. For safe design, the following types of intersection features should be avoided:

1. Intersections with more than four intersecting streets;

2. “Y” type intersections where streets meet at acute angles;

3. Intersections adjacent to bridges and other sight obstructions;

4. In no case will the angle of intersection be less than 75 degrees or greater

than 105 degrees. The preferred angle of intersection is 90 degrees.

5. Offset intersections shall be avoided.

6. Minimum curb radius (measured to the face of curb):

a. Local to Local or Minor Collector (residential): 25 feet b. Local to Minor Collector (non-residential) and above: 35 feet c. All other street intersections: 35 feet*

* Turning movement diagrams may be required to demonstrate appropriate radii have been designed.

7. Minimum right-of-way radius shall be 25 feet.

C. Spacing between adjacent intersecting streets, will be per the Federal Way Access Management Standard found in Section 3.2.14.C.6.

D. On sloping approaches at an intersection, landings will be provided with grade not to exceed one-foot difference in elevation for a distance of 30 feet approaching any arterial or 20 feet approaching a collector or local access street, measured from nearest right-of-way line (extended) of intersecting street.

3.2.11 Cul-de-Sac

No street or combination of streets shall function as a cul-de-sac longer than 600 feet as measured from the intersection of the centerlines of the nearest intersection.

Temporary or permanent dead-end streets shall have an approved turn-around area (cul-de-sac) for emergency vehicles. The maximum length for a cul-de-sac street shall be 600 feet. Hammerhead turnarounds may be used on private streets that exceed 150 feet if approved by the Public Works Director and Fire Department.


A. Temporary Cul-de-sacs may be allowed when there is a plan for extending the street. Paved area shall not be less than eighty-four feet (84’) diameter. Sidewalks will not be required (Standard Detail 3-16). A sign shall be posted at the back of the temporary cul-de-sac stating that the road is planned to be extended in the future and to contact City of Federal Way Public Works Department for further information.

B. Permanent Cul-de-Sac shall have a paved diameter of not less than ninety feet (90’). Right-of-way width of not less than 106 feet (106’) diameter. Sidewalks are required and shall be 6-inches thick (Standard Detail 3-2Z). Curb and sidewalk shall be mountable design.

3.2.12 Street Layout

Cross section “Y” streets may only be used for private streets less than 150-feet in length. Block perimeters for pedestrian and bicycle traffic shall be no greater than 1,320 feet, as measured on center lines. Block perimeters for motorized vehicles shall be no greater than 2,640 feet as measured on center lines. Streets on steep slopes should be designed to be generally parallel, rather than perpendicular, to the slope.

3.2.13 Alleys

Alleys may be used as vehicular access for residential development (zero lot line, small lots and cottage housing) when certain conditions are met:

A. Except for multi-family apartment buildings that also have access from an internal driveway, all residential units shall have street frontage.

B. The alley is privately owned and maintained by all abutting property owners or by a homeowners association

C. The alley serves thirty-two (32) or fewer dwelling units.

D. The alley is less than 400 feet in length, and each end terminates at a public street.

E. The turning radii at the entrance to the public right-of-way shall be not less than 32-foot inside and 40-foot outside.

3.2.14 Driveways

A. General

1. Details of driveway sections are located in the Appendix. 2. Driveways shall be located a minimum of 5 feet from the property line

(excluding shared access or panhandle driveways).


3. Driveways shall be designed so that no less than 5-feet between driveway wings exist.

4. Driveways that serve as pedestrian pathways shall meet all ADA standards.

5. All abandoned driveway areas on the same frontage will be removed and the

curbing and sidewalk or shoulder and ditch section will be properly restored.

6. All driveways cuts will be constructed of Portland Cement Concrete and will be subject to the same testing inspection requirements as curb, gutter, and sidewalk construction. The first 40’ of the driveway beyond the driveway cut must be paved.

7. Joint-use driveways serving two adjacent parcels may be built on their common boundary upon formal written agreement by both property owners and approval of the City. The agreement will be a recorded easement for both parcels of land specifying joint usage.

8. Grade breaks, including the tie to the roadway, will be constructed as smooth vertical curves. The maximum change in driveway grade will be eight percent within any ten feet of distance on a crest and 12 percent within any ten feet of distance in a sag vertical curve.

9. No driveway, other than one serving a detached dwelling unit, will be

approved where backing onto the sidewalk or street will occur (FWRC 19.130.200).

10. With the exception of single-family residential driveways, a minimum driveway throat length of 40 feet is required as measured from the face of curb to the first conflicting circulation aisle or parking space. Driveways accessing roadways with a speed limit greater than 35 mph, or commercial driveways with higher percentages of trucks or large vehicles may be required to provide a 50-foot throat length if required by the City Traffic Engineer.

B. Width

1. For driveway cuts that serve only single-family residential uses, the

maximum driveway width is the greater of 20 feet for a two-way driveway, or ten feet for each parking stall, and ten feet for a one-way driveway, but may not exceed 30 feet at the front property line.

2. For driveway cuts that serve uses other than single-family residential uses, the maximum driveway width is 30 feet for a two-lane, two-way driveway and 40 feet for a three-lane, two-way driveway. Driveway cut widths may be increased in order to provide adequate width for vehicles that may be reasonably expected to use the driveway, as determined by the Public Works Director.


C. Arterial and Collector Streets

1. Access to arterials and collectors may be permitted consistent with the following table. On state highways that are not designated as limited access, the minimum spacing is 250 feet, or as shown in the following table, whichever is greater. Left-turn and crossing movements through standing queues of traffic may be prohibited, as determined by the Public Works Director.

2. Driveways that serve any use other than detached dwelling units may not be located closer than 150 feet to any street intersection or to any other driveway, whether on or off the subject property. Driveways that serve only residential use may not be located closer than 25 feet to any street intersection.

3. The measurement for driveway separation from street intersections shall be made from the edge of the driveway taper to the edge of the pavement of the intersecting street.

4. There may be no more than one driveway for each 330 feet of lot frontage. The City may further limit or prohibit access to or from driveways onto arterial streets

5. An approved turn-around shall be provided for all private roads and driveways serving more than two residences.

6. Driveways giving direct access onto arterials may be denied if alternate access is available. The Public Works Director may permit deviations of these Standards.

City of Federal Way Access Management Standards

Access Classi-fication Median

Through Traffic Lanes

Crossing Movements

Minimum Spacing (feet)** Minimum Signal

Progression Efficiency ***

Left-Turn Out

Left-Turn In

Right-Turn Out

Right-Turn In

1 Raised 6 Only at

signalized intersections

Only at signalized

intersections 330 150 150 40%

2 Raised 4 330 330 330 150 150 30%

3 2-Way Left Turn Lane 4 150 150* 150* 150* 150* 20%

4 2-Way Left Turn Lane 2 150* 150* 150* 150* 150* 10%

*Does not apply to single-family residential uses **Greater spacing may be required in order to minimize conflicts with queued traffic. ***If the existing efficiency is less than the standard, new traffic signals may not reduce the existing efficiency.

3.2.15 Sight Obstructions

The following sight clearance requirements take into account the proportional relationship between speed and stopping distance.


The sight distance area is a clear-view triangle formed on all intersections by extending two lines of specified length right and left from the intersecting street along the centerline of the through street and connecting those endpoints to form the hypotenuse of the triangle. The area within the triangle will be subject to restrictions to maintain a clear view on the intersection approaches. Intersection Sight Distance Triangle:

A. Areas around all intersections, including the entrance of driveways onto streets,

must be kept clear of sight obstruction. Intersection sight distance shall be determined based on posted speed limits per AASHTO requirements. FWRC 19.135.310 establishes what may be in the area that is to be kept clear of sight obstructions.

B. The vertical clearance area within the sight distance triangle will be free from

obstructions to a motor vehicle operator’s view between a height of 2.5 feet and ten feet above the existing surface of the street.

C. Exclusions

The following are permitted to be within the area that must be clear of sight obstructions:

1. Any structure erected before the effective date (2-27-90)

2. Natural topography of the ground. However, the Public Works Director may

require land surface modification to fulfill the intent of this division of FWRC as part of any development activity on the subject property.

3. Any number of tree trunks, sign poles or utility poles if the Public Works Director determines that adequate visual access is available between them.

3.2.16 Surfacing Requirements

The following are the surfacing requirements for each application listed. The minimum pavement sections listed in the standard plan street are in lieu of pavement design; and are based on subgrade California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of three. Alternate pavement sections will be accepted based on soil tests to determine the actual CBR value and traffic counts, truck percentages, and 20-year design life. Soil tests and a pavement design for each road classification will accompany plans submitted if other than the sections shown below are used. Fire access lanes must be designed in accordance with South King Fire and Rescue Administrative Policy Guideline 10.006. Fire access lanes that are not part of required circulation or parking may be paved with grass grid pavers, provided they meet the minimum loading pressure (86 psi). One soil sample per each 500 LF of centerline with three minimum per project representative of the roadway subgrade will be taken to determine a statistical representation of the existing soil condition.


An engineering firm specializing in soils analysis shall perform soil tests. The soils report, signed and stamped by a professional engineer licensed by the State of Washington, will be based on actual soils tests and submitted with the plans. All depths indicated are a minimum compacted depth. Parking areas, driveways and other vehicular circulation areas must be surfaced with a material comparable or superior to the surface material of the adjacent right-of-way. The first 40 feet of an access driveway must meet the standard described above.

A. Sidewalks

Surfacing: 4" Commercial Concrete Base: 2" Crushed Surfacing Top Course

Asphalt sidewalks will not be permitted unless otherwise approved by the Public Works Director.

B. Driveways

Residential:


Non-Residential:

Surfacing: 8" Commercial Concrete Base: 4" Crushed Surfacing Base Course

Industrial: Surfacing: 10" Commercial Concrete Base: 4" Crushed Surfacing Base Course

C. Non-Motorized Path


Alternate:

Surfacing: 2-1/2" Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) ½”, 58H, -22 Base: 4" Crushed Surfacing Top Course

D. Road Sections

Principal Arterials:

Surfacing: 1.0' HMA ½”, PG 58H, -22 Base: 0.83’ CSTC. Subbase: Bank Run (Thickness to be determined by design)


Minor Arterials: Surfacing: 0.67’ HMA ½”, 58H, -22 Base: 0.50’ HMA 1”, 58H, -22

or: Surfacing: 0.83’ HMA ½”, 58H, -22 Base: 0.83’ CSTC Subbase: Bank Run (Thickness to be determined by design)

Principal Collectors – Commercial/Industrial/Multi-Family:

Surfacing: 0.50’ HMA ½”, 58H, -22 Base: 0.50’ of ATB and/or Crushed Surfacing

(Thickness to be determined by design with minimum thickness of 0.67' if ATB is not used)

Subbase: Bank Run (Thickness to be determined by design)

Principal Collectors – Single Family: Surfacing: 0.30’ HMA ½”, 58H, -22 Base: 0.50’ of ATB and/or Crushed Surfacing

(Thickness to be determined by design with minimum thickness of 0.67' if ATB is not used)

Subbase: Bank Run (Thickness to be determined by design) Minor Collectors:

Surfacing: 0.25' HMA ½”, 58H -22 Base: 0.17' Crushed Surfacing Top Course 0.50' Crushed Surfacing Base Course Subbase: Bank Run as necessary to stabilize pavement

Local Streets – Residential:

Surfacing: 0.25' HMA ½”, 58H, -22 Base: 0.17' Crushed Surfacing Top Course 0.42' Crushed Surfacing Base Course Subbase: Bank Run as necessary to stabilize pavement

E. Pavement Construction

All pavement construction shall be in accordance with the Standard Specifications except as modified herein.

1. Compaction tests shall be performed by an approved geotechnical or testing

firm under the direction of a professional civil engineer registered in the State of Washington.

2. HMA ½” shall be compacted in lifts not to exceed 0.3' unless approved by the Director or his designated representative. Density shall be at least 91% of maximum theoretical density (Rice Density). HMA 1” shall be compacted in lifts not the exceed 0.35’.

3. Base Course (crushed surfacing) shall be compacted in depths not to exceed 0.35' except top course shall be 0.17' unless otherwise directed. Density shall be at 95% of ASTM D 1557.


4. Bank run (gravel base) shall be compacted in depths not to exceed 0.75' unless otherwise directed and a density of at least 95% of ASTM D 1557. Bank run (gravel base) materials shall meet WSDOT requirements.

5. Asphalt treated Base (ATB) shall be compacted to a density of at least 80% of maximum theoretical density (rice density). ATB shall meet WSDOT requirements.

6. The prepared subgrade shall be compacted in the top 0.50' to 95% of ASTM D 1557 for a cut section. If the underlying subgrade is too soft to permit compaction of the upper six-inch layer, the contractor shall loosen (or excavate and remove), and compact the subgrade until the top layer can meet compaction requirements. Fill sections shall be prepared in accordance with the Standard Specification Section 2-03. (14) C, Method B except ASTM D 1557 shall determine the maximum density.

7. Where HMA is placed in lifts, tack coat shall be used unless the lifts are placed on the same day and approved by the Director.

8. In areas where soft subgrade requires stabilization, geofabric and/or soil stabilizing methods may be used upon the approval of Public Works. Ballast material may be used where necessary as directed by the engineer, and with the approval of the Public Works Director.

F. Materials

1. All materials used for road construction shall be in accordance with the

applicable sections of the WSDOT Standard Specifications and as modified herein.

2. If other materials than those specified are used or concrete pavement is designed, criteria and procedures shall be approved by the Director.

3. Recycled materials for the pavement sections shall only be allowed by permission from the Director. The decision to use such materials under varying site conditions is final.

3.2.17 Temporary Street Patching

All hard surface roads are to be jacked or bored, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the Public Works Director or the Director’s designee. Temporary restoration of trenches will be accomplished by one of the following: HMA ½”, PG 58H, -22 two inches thick; a two-inch medium-curing (MC-250) Liquid Asphalt (cold mix), U.P.M.®, two-inch Asphalt Treated Base (ATB), or steel plates. ATB used for temporary restoration may be dumped directly into the trench, bladed and rolled. After rolling, the trench must be filled flush with asphalt concrete pavement to provide a smooth riding surface.


Prior to beginning street trenching work, the contractor will ensure that temporary patching material is stockpiled at the project site, both for completing and maintaining the patching. All temporary patches will be maintained by the contractor and will be made permanent within three working days, unless approved otherwise by the Public Works Department. Patches that are not properly maintained will be identified by the City Construction Inspector and repaired by the City at the developers/contractors expense.

3.2.18 Trench Backfill and Restoration

All hard surface roads are to be jacked or bored, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the Public Works Director or the Director’s designee. Trench restoration will be either by a patch, patch plus overlay, as outlined in Section 3.2.19 or lane reconstruction as required by the City.

A. All trench and pavement cuts will be made uniformly by cutting. If edge of trench

line degrades, ravels, or is non-uniform, additional saw cutting will be required prior to final patch or paving. The minimum width for asphalt patching will be three feet for transverse and longitudinal trenching. Sidewalks shall be removed and replaced at the nearest joint. Trenching through existing sidewalks, driveways and curb ramps will require they be removed and replaced in completely and improved to current ADA standards.

B. All crushed surfacing materials will conform to Section 9-03.9(3) of the WSDOT Standard Specifications. The trench will be compacted to 95 percent maximum density, as described in Section 2-03 of the WSDOT Standard Specifications.

All granular backfill material will conform to Section 9-03.19 of the WSDOT Standard Specifications. The trench will be compacted to 95 percent maximum density, as described in Section 2-03 of the WSDOT Standard Specifications. If the existing material is determined by the City to be suitable for backfill, the contractor may use the native material except that the top eight inches of trench will be 2½-inch minus ballast. All trench backfill materials below the roadway base and sub-base level will be compacted to 95 percent density. When trench width is 18 inches or less, and is within the traveled way, trench will be backfilled with control density fill (self-compacted flowable fill) as defined by WSDOT Section 2-09.3(1). Backfill compaction and placement will be performed in compliance with WSDOT Standard Specifications. All perpendicular crossings of the roadway will be backfilled 100% with CSTC. The asphalt section shall be restored with a minimum of three (3”) inches of asphalt, HMA ½”, or be replaced to the original condition if thicker, at the City’s sole discretion. Concrete is not to be used in travel lanes. Replacement of the asphalt concrete or Portland Cement Concrete pavement will be to WSDOT Standard Specifications.


C. Tack will be applied to the existing pavement and edge of cut and will be emulsified asphalt grade CSS-1 as specified in Section 9-02.1(6) of the WSDOT Standard Specifications. Tack coat will be applied as specified in Section 5-04 of the WSDOT Standard Specifications.

D. Asphalt concrete will be placed on the prepared surface by an approved paving machine and will be in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 5-04 of the WSDOT Standard Specifications, except that longitudinal joints between successive layers of asphalt concrete will be displaced laterally a minimum of 12 inches unless otherwise approved by the Public Works Director. Fine and coarse aggregate will be in accordance with Section 9-03.8 of the WSDOT Standard Specifications. Asphalt concrete over three inches thick will be placed in equal lifts not to exceed three inches each.

All street surfaces, walks or driveways within the street trenching areas affected by the trenching will be feathered and shimmed to an extent that provides a smooth-riding connection and expeditious drainage flow for the newly paved surface. Shimming and feathering as required by the Public Works Director will be accomplished by raking out the oversized aggregates from the HMA ½”, PG H58, -22 mix as appropriate. Surface smoothness will be per Section 5-04.3 (13) of the WSDOT Standard Specifications. The paving will be corrected by removal and repaving of the trench only. Asphalt concrete pavement for wearing course will not be placed on any traveled way between October 15 and March 15 without written approval from the Public Works Director.

Asphalt for prime coat will not be applied when the ground temperature is lower than 50° F, without written permission of the Public Works Director. Asphalt concrete will not be placed on any wet surface, or when the average surface temperatures are less than those specified in Section 5-04.3(16) of the WSDOT Standard Specifications, or when weather conditions otherwise prevent the proper handling or finishing of the bituminous mixtures:

Section 5-04.3(16) – WSDOT Standard Specs

Compacted Thickness (ft.) Surface Temperature Limitations

Wearing Course Other Courses Less than 0.10 55° F 45° F

0.10 to 0.20 45° F 35° F More than 0.20 35° F 35° F

E. All joints on trenching or overlays will be sealed using rubberized asphalt as

specified in WSDOT Standard Specifications Section 9-04.10 (ASTM D-2000) unless to receive an overlay within six months. No longitudinal joints will be allowed in the vehicle wheel path.

F. When trenching within the roadway shoulder(s), the shoulder will be restored to its original or better condition.


G. The final patch will be completed as soon as possible and will be completed within three days after first opening the trench. This time frame may be adjusted if delays are due to inclement paving weather, or other adverse conditions that may exist. However, delaying of final patch or overlay work is allowable only subject to the Public Works Director’s approval. The Public Works Director may deem it necessary to complete the work within the three days’ time frame and not to allow any time extension. If this occurs, the Contractor will perform the necessary work as directed by the Public Works Director.

H. Asphalt overlays will be installed within fourteen (14) calendar days after asphalt grinding.

3.2.19 Pavement Restoration

Trench cuts in roadways greatly degrade the condition of the pavement, as well as reduce the design life. The most significant damage can be seen in newer pavements. A restored trench cut in newly paved road lowers the Pavement Management System (PMS) rating up to 30 points (on a scale of 0 to 100). It is the goal of the City to have restored pavement in as good or better condition when compared to pre-trench condition.

A. Primary method shall be prevention of trench cuts through utility coordination.

B. High-Quality Pavement Restoration Lane Width Requirements: For longitudinal utility trench cuts in pavements over 5-years old, a minimum 2-inch overlay or full depth pavement reconstruction is required for the following widths:

1. One-lane overlay or reconstruction: when the trench cut or patch is within

one travel lane. 2. Two-lane overlay or reconstruction: when the trench cut or patch is within

two travel lanes. 3. Additional overlay or construction: when the remaining pavement area to the

edge of the pavement on either side is less than one travel lane. No longitudinal joints will be allowed in the wheel path.

C. Pavement Restoration Requirements: The following table describes pavement

restoration requirements for various size projects and various existing pavement conditions.

D. Transverse Utility Crossings: As stated in Section 3.2.18 transverse utility crossings must be bored or completed by another trenchless method. Bore pits should be located outside of the paved surface area. If located within paved surface area then then pit must be restored in accordance with the following table.

E. Trench Cuts in New Pavements: Trench cuts are not permitted in pavement that have been constructed or rehabilitated within five years. Rehabilitation includes asphalt overlays. If there is no other option but to cut into new pavement, then the pavement must be restored pursuant to the requirements found in the following table.


F. Exemption from Pavement Restoration Requirements and Financial Penalties: Utilities can appeal in writing directly to the Public Works Director for exemption from pavement restoration requirements and financial penalties associated with trenching in new pavement. Utilities may be exempt from the pavement financial penalties if there is no other viable alternative and under the following conditions:

1. If the City failed to give six months’ notice of an upcoming roadway

rehabilitation project either because of:

i. A change in property ownership, or

ii. A change in the City’s Capital Facilities Plan.

2. An emergency project requiring immediate attention for preservation of life or property.

Project Type New Pavement

< 5 years old Pavement > 5 years old

Pavement Identified by City to be Reconstructed within 2

years Large Projects Consists of projects requiring a longitudinal trench cut through paved roadway surface, 50 linear feet or greater, or four or more transverse trench cuts per 300 linear feet of roadway

Complete reconstruction, grind/inlay, or overlay of entire paved surface (all lanes). Grind shall be no less than 2-1/2” on Arterial Roads and no less than 2” on all other roadways. Restoration limits shall be no less than 500 feet on both sides of the trench.

Grind/inlay, reconstruction, or overlay. Width per lane requirements in Section 3.2.19 of these Development Standards.

Depending on intended reconstruction strategy, could utilize lesser pavement restoration. Minimum restoration is per Standard Drawing 3-28 & 3-28A.

Small Projects Consists of projects requiring longitudinal trench cuts through the paved roadway surface less than 50 linear feet or less than four transverse trench cuts per 300 linear feet of roadway.

Patch per Standard Drawing 3-27 & 3-28A. Trench restoration mitigation (1) assessed per Mitigation Chart. The cost will be calculated based upon roadway classification, width and shoulder construction. In addition to penalty, for transverse cuts, the Contractor shall grind 2-1/2” on Arterial roads and 2” deep on all other roadways, 30 feet longitudinally for the entire length of the trench and inlay with HMA. For longitudinal cuts, the Contractor shall grind 2” deep, one lane wide, for

Patch per Standard Drawing 3-28 & 3-28A



at least the trench length and inlay with HMA. Restoration limits shall be no less than 500 linear feet on both sides of the trench.

Emergency Projects Unforeseen projects requiring immediate attention for the preservation of life or property.

Grind/inlay, reconstruct, overlay, or patch (dependent on project size – see above). Width per lane requirements in Section 3.2.19 of these Development Standards.

Grind/inlay, reconstruct, overlay, or patch (dependent on project size – see above). Width per lane requirements in Section 3.2.19 of these Development Standards.


(1) Trench restoration mitigation fees will be used by the City to make pavement repairs in the city to improve overall pavement condition. Mitigation Chart is based upon ¼ of the cost of grind and inlay for a standard city block. Public Works will update these costs periodically.

3.3 SIDEWALKS AND CURBS


Plans for the construction of sidewalks and curbs are to be submitted as part of the street plans when applicable. The City has set forth minimum standards as outlined in the Appendix that must be met in the design and construction of sidewalks and curbs. Because these are minimum standards, the Public Works Director may modify them should the Director feel circumstances require increased or decreased widths.

3.3.2. Sidewalks The width of sidewalks will be shown in the street design drawings. Those sidewalks designated in the comprehensive bike plan of the City as bike paths will, in addition, meet the minimum width requirements established for said bike paths. The Public Works Director will require that the design of all sidewalks provide for a gradual, rather than an abrupt, transition between sidewalks of different widths or alignments. When the sidewalk and curb are contiguous, the width of the sidewalk will be measured from back of curb to back of sidewalk

A. Form and subgrade inspection by the City is required before sidewalk is poured.

B. Monolithic pour of curb and sidewalk will not be allowed for public sidewalks.

C. For driveway requirements, see Section 3.2.13.

D. For surfacing requirements, see Section 3.2.15.

E. Whenever part of a square or slab of existing concrete sidewalk or driveway is cut or damaged, the entire square or slab shall be removed and replaced.


F. Transition from ADA cross slope to existing cross slope shall be accomplished

beyond project boundaries. Transition zone shall be a minimum of one foot per degree of slope differential.

3.3.3 Curb

Cement concrete curb will be used for all street edges unless otherwise approved by the Public Works Director, or where ditch sections are shown in the FWRC. All curbs will be constructed of Commercial Concrete as shown on Detail 3-4. Form and subgrade inspection by the City are required before curb and gutter are poured. Whenever curb/gutter is cut or damaged, the damaged segment shall be removed and replaced from expansion joint to expansion joint.

3.3.4 Curb Access Ramps

All sidewalks must be constructed to provide for access ramps in accordance with the standards of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Washington State Barrier-Free code (WAC 51-30). Construction shall conform to Standard Plan 3-8 through 3-11. The City requires detectable warning as tactile mats. Material shall be Federal Yellow composite cast-in-place, wet-set, panels. No painted concrete stamps or replaceable tactile mats will be allowed. Access ramps shall be provided on each quadrant of an intersection from which pedestrian movement is permitted. They shall be oriented in the same direction as pedestrian flow of crosswalks. Diagonally oriented curb ramps are prohibited where the curb radius is less than 35 feet.

3.3.5 Staking

All surveying and staking will be performed by engineering or surveying firm capable of performing such work. The engineer or surveyor directing such work will be licensed by the State of Washington. At the Preconstruction Meeting, the City will discuss staking requirements. The City may inspect construction staking prior to construction. The minimum staking of curb and sidewalk will be as follows:

A. Stake top back of sidewalk or top face of curb at a consistent offset for vertical and horizontal alignment every 25 feet (50 feet in tangent sections).

B. Staking must be maintained throughout construction.

3.3.6 Testing

Testing will be required at the developer or contractor’s expense on all materials and construction as specified in the WSDOT Standard Specifications.


3.4 BIKEWAYS 3.4.1 Design Standards

The design of bicycle paths will depend upon their type of usage. Bikeway surfacing will be as outlined in Section 3.2.16. All minimum design standards as set forth in Section 3.2.16 will apply. The minimum design standards for bikeways will be as defined in the “WSDOT Design Manual,” Chapter 1515, Shared Use Paths, and Chapter 1520, Roadway Bicycle Facilities. Bikeways are categorized as follows:

A. Class I, Bike Path – A separate facility for use principally by bicyclists, but may be shared with pedestrians. These facilities are separated from motor vehicle roadways.

B. Class II, Bike Lane – A portion of the motor vehicle roadway that is designated

by signs and pavement markings for bicycle use. These facilities are adjacent to the motor vehicle roadway.

C. Class III, Bike Route – A street that is designated with signs as a bicycle route, where bicycle usage is shared with motor vehicles on the street or, less desirably, with pedestrians on a sidewalk or walkway.

D. Class I, II, or III Bikeways as appropriate, will be provided: 1. Wherever called for in the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (see Appendix).

2. When traffic analysis or planning indicates substantial bicycle usage that

would benefit from a designated bicycle facility as determined by the City except where noted herein.

3.5 PLANTER STRIP

The planter strip shall be the width specified in the Street Section Details, and shall be landscaped with street trees and sod grass. An underground irrigation system may be required see Section 3.5.2 for list of streets requiring irrigation systems. Following installation, it is the responsibility of the developer to maintain the planter strip in a healthy, growing condition during the two-year maintenance period. Within the City Center, planter strips are not required, except on Pacific Hwy South (SR 99). Instead, trees shall be placed in four-foot by six-foot tree grates alternating with pedestrian streetlights. Detail 3-30 provides spacing and dimensions. Plantings within the pedestrian street light planter well shall be as specified in the Appendix.


3.5.1 Street Trees The recommended trees and minimum spacing between them is shown in the Standard Detail 3-38. Spacing is approximate – exact spacing will depend on locations of streetlights, fire hydrants, driveways, sight clearance triangles, etc. Street trees shall be selected from the approved species list shown in the Appendix and shall be place on 30 to 40 foot centers. At the time of installation, street trees shall be a minimum 2½-inch caliper measured six inches above the ground (ANSII Standard) and shall be installed as shown in City of Federal Way Standard Detail 3-31. Street trees shall not be planted closer than ten feet from driveways/alleys, and 50 feet from intersections.

3.5.2 Irrigation

Newly constructed frontages along the roadway segments listed in table below shall be irrigated. Ownership of the irrigation system and landscape maintenance following the 2-year maintenance period shall also be as shown in the table. Any system to be owned and maintained by the City of Federal Way shall be designed and constructed with a separate metering and control system. Irrigation systems that remain private are not required to install separate metering systems, however, a license for installation and operation of irrigation systems within the right-of-way shall be required. All newly constructed frontages within City Center (as defined within the City’s Comprehensive Plan) shall be required to irrigate the landscaping within the ROW. Upon completion of the 2-year maintenance period, maintenance and upkeep of the landscape will be the responsibility of the adjacent property owner. The requirements for a separate metering and control system for irrigation will be determined by Lakehaven Water and Sewer, however, a license for the installation and operation of the irrigation system within ROW shall be required. All newly constructed frontage improvements that fall outside the City Center (as defined within the City’s Comprehensive Plan) and are not located along any of the roadway segments listed in the table below, shall be the responsibility of the adjacent property owner.

Roadways Requiring Irrigation within the Frontage Improvements Roadway/Location Limits Ownership/Maintenance Notes Pacific Highway S. Throughout City City Supply metered

system Highway 18 SR 161 to Pacific

Highway S. City Supply metered

system 16th Ave S Enchanted Pkwy

S 356th to Pacific Highway S.

City Supply metered system

S 348th Street Pacific Highway S to 1st Ave


SW Campus 1st Ave S to Hoyt Rd

Private ROW license agreement required

21st Ave SW SW 356th to SW Dash point Rd

Private ROW license agreement


required SW 356th St 21st Ave SW to 1st

Ave S Private ROW license

agreement required

SW 320th St Hoyt Rd to 1st Ave S


S 320th St 1st Ave S to City Limits


S 336th St 1st Ave S to I-5 City Supply metered system

S 312th St 1st Ave S to Pacific Highway S


S 312th St Dash Point Rd to 1st Ave S


S 288th St Pacific Highway S to Military Rd S


City Center As defined by City’s Comprehensive Plan


3.6 ILLUMINATION

3.6.1 General

All new commercial or residential subdivisions, short plats or property development requiring review by the Development Review Committee must provide streetlights in accordance with the standards for such improvements of the City, and they will be owned and operated by the City. All new streetlight installations shall be LED luminaires in accordance with City standards. Streetlights installed on private roadways shall be owned and maintained by the property owners.


A street lighting plan submitted by the applicant and approved by the Public Works Director is required for all streetlight installations. Type of installation will be as directed by the City except where noted herein. Refer to the City of Federal Way Streetlight Installation Guidelines for specific equipment and installation guidelines and procedures. Electrical service for streetlights shall be metered, unless the Public Works Director requires only one streetlight. An engineering firm capable of performing such work must prepare all public streetlight designs. The engineer must be licensed by the State of Washington. After the system is completed and approved, a set of “as-built” mylars must be submitted to the City as a permanent record.


Streetlights will be located in accordance with the City of Federal Way Street Light Standards (see Standard Detail 3-38). In addition, intersections shall be illuminated in accordance with the foot-candle and uniformity requirements of IESNA RP-8-00, Table 9, assuming a medium pedestrian area classification for major (arterial) intersections and low pedestrian area classification for intersections where the highest intersecting street classification is collector or local. A single-sided streetlight layout is allowed for the standards shown in Standard Drawing 3-38, however photometric analysis may be required for streets with unusual site conditions, or width greater than 44 feet. A double-sided streetlight layout is required for streets wider than 66 feet, with staggered spacing preferred. On City Center streets, LED pedestrian lighting is required using ornamental lampposts on both sides of the street. Standard cobra-head type LED streetlights are required as necessary to maintain the required average footcandle and uniformity ratio. All other street classifications require the use of standard cobra-head type LED streetlights. Specifications for each type of streetlight pole and spacing are included in the Appendix. Line loss calculations must show that no more than five percent voltage drop occurs in any circuit. Branch circuits will serve a minimum of four luminaires. Pole foundations shall be per the Standard Details. City approval of the poles is required prior to their installation. Junction boxes shall be placed as shown in the Standard Details, unless otherwise noted in the Plans or as approved by the City Engineer. Junction boxes shall not be located within wheelchair ramps or driveways, or interfere with any other previous or relocated installation. The lid of the junction box shall be flush with the surrounding area and be adequately supported by abutting pavements or soils. Junction boxes, cable vaults and pull boxes which are placed within the sidewalk shall have slip resistant lids which meet the requirements of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guideline (PROWAG). Approved products are:

1.) Mebac1 (their most aggressive surface) manufactured by IKG Industries 2.) SlipNOT Grade 3-coarse manufactured by W.S. Molnar Company.

Approved slip resistant surfaces shall have a coefficient of friction of no less than 0.6 and have a proven track record of outdoor application which lasts for at least 10 years. All junction box lids shall be welded shut (2 - 1” welds, located on opposite corners of the lid) following final inspection.

3.6.3 Staking

All surveying and staking shall be performed by an engineering or surveying firm capable of performing such work. The engineer or surveyor directing such work must be licensed by the State of Washington.


Staking requirements will be discussed at the Preconstruction Meeting. The City may inspect construction staking prior to construction.

The minimum staking of luminaires will be as follows:

A. Location and elevation to the center of every pole base.

B. Location and elevation of each service disconnect.

C. Location and elevation of each J-Box.

D. Location of conduit crossings. 3.6.4 Testing

All luminaires are subject to an electrical inspection. Lamp, photocell, and fixture will be warranted for a period of one year. All junction boxes shall be welded shut following final inspection (per Section 3.6.2).

3.7 TRAFFIC SIGNALS

3.7.1 General

City’s system shall be installed per the requirements set forth herein. This work will consist of furnishing and installing a complete and functional traffic control system of controllers, cabinets, signals, interconnect conduit, backup power supply, and appurtenances as required by the City. 3.7.2 Design Standards

City systems shall be designed in accordance with the specifications as set forth in City, King County, WSDOT Design Manual, and the WSDOT Standard Specifications. An engineering firm capable of performing such work shall prepare all public signal designs. The engineer must be licensed by the State of Washington. All applicable requirements set forth in Section 2.1.4 shall be included. Approval of plans and specifications must be obtained before construction commences.

A. Vehicle signal heads shall be all 12-inch LED indications, have backplates and tunnel visors, and shall be painted dark green. Backplates shall be outlined with 2-inch wide Type IX yellow reflective sheeting. Use of programmed visibility heads should be avoided. Protected turn phases shall have arrow indications.

B. At least two heads shall be provided for each phase:

1. Pole mounts on far left of intersection for left-turn phases.

2. Pole mounts on far right for through or, if applicable, right-turn overlaps.

3. Overhead mast arm mount for left turn lanes offset 2’ to right from center of

lane.


4. Near side heads as necessary to provide continuous visibility within stopping sight distance or if far side heads are greater than 180 feet from stop line.

5. All other heads shall be centered over applicable lane groups.

6. Only one indication color per section (no green/yellow arrow fiber optic “bi-modal” heads).

7. Five-section heads shall be stack if pole mount, cluster for others.

8. Pole mount heads shall be mounted per WSDOT Standard Plan J-6f.

9. Mast arm mount heads shall be Type N per WSDOT Standard Plan J-6g.

C. All Overhead signals shall be mast are mounted, except temporary signals may be span wire installations.

D. Pedestrian signal heads shall be modular grid display LED orange hand and white walking man with clamshell Type E mounting per WSDOT Standard Plan J-6f. All new installations shall use countdown displays.

E. Pedestrian pushbuttons shall be WSDOT Type PPB-1AB per Standard Plan J-5a.

Campbell Company Guardian Model accessible pedestrian pushbuttons shall be installed.

F. Wiring shall be installed for all possible left-turn phasing treatments. Wiring for future

left-turn phases and right-turn overlaps need only be supplied from the controller to the terminal cabinet.

G. Conduit shall be 2” minimum, except for stubouts for loop wires, which may be 1”

minimum. H. Low voltage wiring (interconnect, loop wires, Opticom and pedestrian pushbuttons)

should be in separate conduit from high voltage wiring. I. Opticom Model 764 Phase selector with indicator lights shall be installed on all

approaches. Auxiliary detectors shall be provided if needed to provide detection up to 1,000 feet in advance of the signalized intersection.

J. Left-turn phasing shall be the least restrictive possible:

1. Default to permitted.

2. Protected/Permitted if needed capacity. If exclusive left-turn lanes are

provided, flashing yellow arrow displays shall be used.

3. Protected if sight distance inadequate (based on AASHTO intersection sight distance criteria for left-turns in minor approach), high pedestrian volumes, high conflicts or accident experience, or more than one left-turn lane.

K. Right-turn overlaps shall be protected/permissive where allowed by having a right-turn

lane and a complementary protected left-turn phase where U-turns are not permitted.


If there is no through movement from the subject approach, flashing yellow arrow displays shall be used.

L. Interconnect should provide when new signals are installed within one-half mile of

existing signals. See Interconnect Master Plan in Comprehensive Plan. New interconnects shall be 24-strand single-mode fiber optic cable.

M. All WSDOT Type II and III Signal Standards shall have terminal cabinets mounted

135° counterclockwise from the point of mast arm attachment. N. All vehicle loops shall be 6-foot round. O. Presence detection shall be provided on all vehicle lanes, using loop centered 4 and 20

feet in series and 36 feet from stop line spliced in the closest junction box. P. Advanced loops shall be placed based upon 2.5 second gaps, providing adequate

stopping sight distance from any advanced loop at any speed lees than or equal to the posted speed limit on through travel lanes, as shown in the table below:

Approach Posted Speed (mph) Distance From Stop Line (feet)

20 or less 60 25 90 30 130 35 170 40 80, 225 45 120, 285 50 165, 350 55 225, 425

60 or greater 285, 505 Q. The first advanced loops on each approach should have separate inputs for each lane

counting.

R. All loops should call appropriate phases, except for presence loops on turn lanes with other than protected only phases. All advanced loops shall extend phases. Left-turn lane loops shall call and extend opposing through phases where flashing arrow displays are used.

S. Carryover should be used only to resolve high accident locations or to temporarily

cover for other loops that are not operating.

T. Delay of 10 seconds should be used on presence loops from any lane from which turns may be made on red. This may be reduced based on field observations.

U. Bike lane detection should be 3’ square or loop at the end of the stop line with 5

seconds delay and carryover calculated at 10 feet/second to clear intersection.

V. Although it is preferred that yellow time should be approach speed/10, with 3.0 seconds minimum and 6.0 seconds maximum, driver expectancy within the region calls for use of clearance interval to be based on dilemma zone length using posted speeds, with last 1.0 second being used for all-red display.


W. Although it is preferred that all-red clearance should be used only for high-accident locations or wide intersections based on the design vehicle acceleration characteristics from the stop line, driver expectancy within region calls for use of 1.0 second of all-red clearance.

X. All new signals shall use consistent phase numbering with Phase 2 as northbound

through.

Y. Traffic signals installed for exclusive benefit of private property (where the minor streets are private access) shall have operation and maintenance expenses paid by the benefiting property owners.

Z. Video detection should be used when cost effective or when long-term construction

results in inability to provide loop detection. Typically, if 44 or more loops are required, video detection will be more cost effective.

Signal pole foundations shall be per WSDOT Standard Plan J-20.10-03, J-21.10-04, J-26.10-03, or J-26. 15-01.

3.7.3 Induction Loops

Induction loops shall be constructed per WSDOT Standard Specification 8-20.3(14)C, WSDOT Standard Plan J-50, Standard Plan 3-44, and the following:

A. Loops shall not be cut into final lift of new asphalt.

B. Loops shall be cut in existing asphalt or leveling course to sub-base before intersection is overlaid.

3.7.4 Video Detection

Video detection may be used instead of Induction Loops as outlined in the Section 3.7.2 or as otherwise approved by the City Traffic Engineer.

3.7.5 Staking

All surveying and staking shall be performed by an engineering or surveying firm capable of performing such work. The engineer or surveyor directing such work must be licensed by the State of Washington. Staking shall be maintained throughout construction. Staking requirements will be discussed at the Preconstruction Meeting. The City may inspect construction staking prior to construction.

The minimum staking of signals will be as follows:

A. Location with cut or fills to center of all pole bases.

B. Location of junction boxes.

C. Location of all corners of controller base.


D. Location of service disconnects.

E. Locations of conduit crossings. 3.7.6 Testing

All City systems are subject to any necessary electrical inspections as well as requirements as set forth in the City’s Fiber Optic Standards, WSDOT Design Manual and the WSDOT Standard Specifications.

A signal system will not be approved or accepted by the City until the signal has performed correctly to the City’s satisfaction for a 30-day “check-out” period as outlined below.

Controller and cabinet testing will be required at King County Signal Shop. All specifications and material samples shall be submitted to the City for review and approval prior to installation.

3.7.7 Check-Out Procedure

The contractor shall call for a system checkout after completing the controller cabinet installation along with all other signal equipment complete with wiring connections. All parts and workmanship shall be warranted for two years from date of acceptance. New signals must operate without any type of failure for a period of 30 days. The contractor will have technical personnel available to respond to system failure within 24 hours during the 30-day “check-out” period. Failure of any control equipment or hardware within the “check-out” period will restart the 30-day “check-out” period.

3.8 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS)

All new commercial and residential development, plats, and short plats shall install street frontage improvements at the time of construction as required by the Public Works Department consistent with FWRC 19.135 conduit and/or.040 and FWRC 19.135.050. Such improvements will include the installation of fiber-optic conduit and/or fiber-optic cable as specified below:

City Center:

All new development activity or development permits subject to frontage improvement requirements shall also install two (2) – 4 inch fiber conduits and/or fiber-optic cable. At a minimum, the developer shall install fiber conduit and/or fiber cable under the sidewalk abutting the subject property frontage in accordance with City standards. If the development is constructing all frontage improvements between two signalized intersections, the required ITS improvements shall include installation and termination of fiber-optic cable between the two signalized intersections. If the development is constructing a new traffic signal, the required ITS improvements shall include extension of the conduits to the nearest existing traffic signal consistent with the planned Communication Lines shown in Map III-7 of the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (FWCP) and installation and termination of fiber-optic cable.


Outside City Center

Outside City Center: All new development activity or development permits subject to frontage improvement requirements shall also install two (2) – 4 inch fiber conduits and/or fiber-optic cable consistent with the planned Communication Lines shown in Map III-7 of the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (FWCP). At a minimum, the developer shall install fiber conduit and/or fiber cable abutting the subject property frontage in accordance with City standards. If the development is constructing all frontage improvements between two signalized intersections, the required ITS improvements shall include installation and termination of fiber-optic cable between the two signalized intersections. If the development is constructing a new traffic signal, the required ITS improvements shall include extension of the conduits to the nearest existing traffic signal consistent with the planned Communication Lines shown in Map III-7 of the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (FWCP) and installation and termination of fiber-optic cable. All work shall be performed as shown in the Plans in accordance with applicable Standard Specifications and Standard Plans included herein and the following Special Provisions. The ITS work covers the supply, installation, and testing of fiber conduit and optic cable and related communications support facilities and equipment including termination panels, cabling and inner duct as required by the City. Unless otherwise specified in the Plans or Special Provisions, all materials shall be new. Used or refurbished equipment or materials will not be accepted. Final inspection and acceptance of the installed materials will not be given until final installation and testing has been completed on the systems.


Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) shall be designed in accordance with the specifications as set forth in City, King County, WSDOT Design Manual, and the WSDOT Standard Specifications. An engineering firm capable of performing such work shall prepare all public signal and ITS designs. The engineer must be licensed by the State of Washington. All applicable requirements set forth in the City Specifications shall be included. Approval of plans and specifications must be obtained before construction commences.

3.8.2 Equipment List and Drawings

Within one (1) week following the pre-construction conference, the Contractor shall submit to the City catalog cuts and shop drawings required for all ITS work describes the material proposed for use to fulfill the approved Plans and Specifications. One copy will be returned (with appropriate review/approval notations) to the Contractor. Any item not approved and/or requiring revisions shall be corrected and resubmitted by the Contractor for approval.

Before submittal, the Contractor shall review all shop drawings and catalog cuts for constructability and conformance to all applicable codes, plans and specifications and shall so mark each submittal attesting to such review.


In addition, the contractor shall submit the product data, samples, and qualification submittals specified below in one package at the same time. Please refer to the Specifications for additional information. A. Product Data B. Splicing and termination data C. Cable Installer’s Qualifications Data D. Cable Splicer’s Qualifications Data:

3.8.3 Fiber Optic Cable Service Outage Duration and Notification

The maximum allowable interruption to the operation of the existing joint City/County/WSDOT fiber optic cable service is three (3) days, including testing. The Contractor shall notify the City in writing at least two (2) weeks in advance of the proposed outage. The notification shall include description of work, location, duration of outage including start and ending date/time and emergency contact information. The City shall review the request and either approve, disapprove or modify the submitted request within 3 working days. The City’s IT Department will notify appropriate agencies (King County, WSDOT and City Public Safety) of the proposed outage

3.8.4 Resolving Utility Conflicts

The Contractor shall be responsible for determining the exact location of all utilities near underground work. The Contractor shall check with the utility companies concerning any possible conflict prior to commencing excavation in any area.The Contractor and City shall locate alternative locations for poles, cabinet, or junction boxes. The Contractor shall get approval from the City prior to installation. The Contractor shall not attempt to adjust the location of an existing utility unless specifically agreed to by the utility owner.

3.8.5 Fiber Optic Cable Pre-Installation Testing

Pre-installation tests shall be conducted on the cable reels prior to installation. These tests shall be performed in accordance with EIA/TIA-455-78 for single-mode fibers using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR). Both ends of the cable shall be accessible for the tests, and it may be necessary to remove a portion of the protective wooden lagging on the reel. Measurements shall be made using the 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths, and shall be compared to the factory test results. Any test that reveals the material does not meet the acceptable stated factory specifications shall constitute failure.

3.8.6 Fiber Optic Cable Installation

The fiber optic cable shall not be installed prior to the installation of vaults, cabinets or pull points/junction boxes. The fiber optic cable shall be single-mode cable and shall be Corning ALTOS All-Dielectric Cable or approved equal conforming to the requirements of Specifications Fiber Optic Cable and a Single-mode Fiber Optic Cable. Fiber Optic Cables shall be installed in continuous lengths without intermediate splices throughout the project, except at the location(s) specified in the Plans.


During installation the Contractor shall keep a log that notes the length marking on the cable at every pull point/junction box. This will help determine the exact location of problems along the cable run during the OTDR testing. The Contractor shall replace any damaged conductors or cables in occupied conduits as a result of Contractor's operations at the Contractor's cost.

3.8.7 Fiber Optic Cable Splicing Unless otherwise directed/approved by the City, underground splicing of fiber optic cable in junction boxes or vaults will not be permitted. All termination splicing will take place in the traffic signal controller cabinets. If approved by the City, the fiber optic network may be spliced in fiber optic splice enclosures or as shown on the Plans. The Contractor shall use the fusion method with local injection and detection for all fiber optic splicing. All splices shall be securely stored in splice trays. Generally, splices shall not be performed in vaults smaller than 3’-6” x 3’-6” x 3’-6” (444-LA). All splicing in fiber optic splice enclosures shall be completed using “butt splicing”.

3.8.8 Fiber Optic Cable Labeling

All fiber optic cable and patch cords shall be identified whenever entering or leaving a cabinet, vault, pull point/box or enclosure and at all terminals. Permanent plastic marking tags fastened securely to the cables shall be used for identification. Cable designation shall consistently conform to the overall scheme approved by the City to indicate location, circuit, device, cable number, terminal branch, position etc. Letters and numbers shall be used. Identification shall be made with a clear, machine produced, indelible marking. Splice cases will be labeled at each entry point with nomenclature that includes the cable origination point, strand count, and destination. All termination panels shall be labeled at each termination point for each fiber. Termination labels shall conform to the overall scheme approved by the City to indicate location, device and next access point. Identification shall be made with a clear, machine produced, indelible marking.

3.8.9 Communications/Fibers Vault and Conduit

The Contractor shall provide communications/fibers vaults for the purpose of storing slack cabling and installing splice enclosures. The location of all communication vaults shall be as indicated on the Plans and shall be field verified by the Contractor. As specified on the Plans, the communications/fibers vault shall be a type 444-LA manufactured by Oldcastle Precast, Inc. or approved equivalent, or a WSDOT Pull Box per WSDOT Standard Plan J.90.10-00. The communications vaults are to be provided with a racking hardware package for cable storage. The vault cover shall have a slide-lock device, non-skid surface and a ground strap. Within City Center, a minimum of two (2) – 4 inch conduit shall be installed under the sidewalk at a minimum depth of 24 inches and trench backfill may be native after the pipe has been backfilled with crushed surface top course approximately 2 inches above


the pipe. Conduit installed in existing paved areas, whether in the roadway area, shoulder area, or areas other than the roadway, shall be installed at a minimum depth of 36 inches and shall be bedded and backfilled with crushed surfacing top course unless otherwise shown in the Plans.

3.8.10 Fiber Optic Cable Testing

The Contractor is responsible for demonstrating the functionality of the installed fiber optic system through testing for compliance with the transmission requirements of the specification, the cable and hardware manufacturer’s specifications, and prescribed industry standards and practices. The Contractor shall, at its cost, provide suitable test equipment, instruments and labor for the purpose of tests. The types or acceptance testing for optical fiber cable system certification are: A. Attenuation testing B. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing

3.8.11 Fiber Optic Cable Testing Documentation

The Contractor shall submit on hard copy and one electronic copy of the fiber test results to the Engineer for approval. The Contractor shall take corrective actions on portions of the fiber installation determined to be out of compliance with these specifications. The following information shall be included in each test result submittal: A. Contract number, contract name, Contractor name and address. B. Dates of cable manufacture, installation and testing. C. Cable specifications. D. Locations of all splices. E. OTDR test results. F. Attenuation test results

3.8.12 Fiber Optic As-Built Records

The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a cable route diagram indicating the actual cable route and “meter marks” for all intersections, directional change points in the cable mounting, and all termination points. The Contractor shall record these points during cable installation. The Contractor shall provide Cable system “as-built” drawings showing the exact cable route to the Engineer. Information such as the location of slack cable and its quantity shall also be recorded in the cable route diagram. All work shall be performed as shown in the Plans in accordance with applicable Standard Specifications and Standard Plans included herein and the following Special Provisions. The ITS work covers the supply, installation, and testing of fiber conduit and optic cable and related communications support facilities and equipment including termination panels, cabling and inner duct as required by the City.


Unless otherwise specified in the Plans or Special Provisions, all materials shall be new. Used or refurbished equipment or materials will not be accepted. Final inspection and acceptance of the installed materials will not be given until final installation and testing has been completed on the systems.

3.9 ROADSIDE FEATURES 3.9.1 General

Miscellaneous features included herein shall be developed and constructed to encourage the uniform development and use of roadside features wherever possible.

3.9.2 Design Standards The design and placement of roadside features included herein shall adhere to the specific requirements as listed for each feature, and, when applicable, to the appropriate standards as set forth in Section 2.1.1.

3.9.3 Staking See Section 3.7.6.

3.9.4 Testing Testing is required at the developer or contractor’s expense on all materials and construction as specified in the WSDOT Standard Specifications and with a frequency as specified in the WSDOT Construction Manual.

3.9.5 Survey Monuments A. All existing survey control monuments that are disturbed, lost, or destroyed during

surveying or construction must be replaced with the proper monument as outlined in B or C below by a land surveyor registered in the State of Washington at the expense of the responsible builder or developer.

B. A cast-in-place concrete surface monument per the Standard Details as outlined

below. C. Required Monument Locations

Appropriate monuments shall be placed:

1. At all street intersections;

2. At the PC and PT’s of all horizontal curves;

3. At PI of all horizontal curves of streets where the PI lies within the limits of the traveled roadway;

4. At all corners, control points, and angle points around the perimeter of subdivisions as required by the City.


5. At all section corners, quarter corners, and sixteenth corners that fall within the right-of-way.

D. The monument case shall be installed after the final course of surfacing has been

placed. E. A Monument Record Form (see the Standard Details) shall be filled out and sealed by

a PLS for each new or adjusted monument. Completed forms shall be submitted to the City of Federal Way prior to final approval of the project.

3.9.6 Bus Shelter and Amenities

A. Bus zone requirements shall be coordinated by the applicant and shall accommodate

the recommendations of the King County Department of Metropolitan Services (METRO), Pierce Transit, and Sound Transit. These requirements may include, but are not limited to, providing district access to the site for mass transit areas, providing for bus shelters, and providing an on-site transit information area.

The applicant shall provide documentation to the City that the mass transit recommendations have been accommodated. (Contact the appropriate transit authority for standard plan details.)

B. The Federal Way School District will use the following criteria in placement and

design of school bus stops:

1. A school bus stop will be required for each new residential subdivision or apartment complex where school children are to be boarding or deboarding unless it is determined by the Federal Way School District that a new bus stop is not required because adjacent facilities already exist for the site.

2. The Federal Way School District and the City will determine placement.

3. Location of school bus stops will be designed with safety as a paramount

concern. Major arterials with high traffic counts should be avoided where possible, and only used when bus pullouts are available and significant protection provided for children.

4. Location of school bus stops will be designed to complement the residential environment and provide convenient location and access for neighborhood children, including sidewalk access.

5. Every effort will be made to make school bus stops and sidewalk access to school bus stops a safe and friendly pedestrian environment.

6. METRO, Pierce Transit, Sound Transit, and the Federal Way School District should make every effort to coordinate the location of bus stops.

C. The physical location of any bus stop will be primarily determined by the following

considerations: maximizing safety, operational efficiency, and minimizing impacts to adjacent property. Bus pullouts may be required on all arterial roads for safe bus berthing and to minimize impacts on traffic flow of buses stopping. Maintaining


adequate separation between driveways/intersections and bus pullouts can increase the safety and efficiency of both the roadway and the transit service.

D. All METRO, Pierce Transit, Sound Transit, and Federal Way School District bus stops will be identified in some fashion. This may include pavement marking and bus stop signs. Contact METRO Transit for details on METRO Transit sites.

E. Passenger shelters may be required at bus pullouts, and transfer centers. Shelters may

also be required at bus stops as determined by METRO, Pierce Transit, Sound Transit, and the City.

1. The appropriate transit authority will maintain the transit shelters. School

bus stop shelters will be maintained by the subdivision, Homeowner’s Association, or apartment owner, whichever is appropriate.

2. Shelter size will be appropriate to anticipated service and use. The applicable transit agency and the City will determine the size of transit shelters. School bus shelters will provide a minimum of 50 square feet of shelter for each 25 lots in a subdivision, or each 25 two or more bedroom units in an apartment complex.

3.9.7 Mailboxes

A. During construction, existing mailboxes shall be accessible for the delivery of mail, or

if necessary, moved to a temporary location. Temporary relocation must be coordinated with the U.S. Postal Service. The mailboxes shall be reinstalled at the original location, or if construction has made it impossible, to a location as outlined below and approved by the U.S. Postal Service.

B. Location

1. Bottom or base of box height shall be as required by the Postmaster.

2. Front of mailbox shall be 18 inches behind vertical curb face or outside edge of shoulder, with a minimum five feet of sidewalk behind the mailbox.

3. New developments. Clustered mailboxes are required. Contact the U.S. Postal Service for details.

C. Mailboxes shall be set on posts strong enough to give firm support, but not to exceed

4 x 4 inch wood or one 1½-inch diameter pipe, or material and design with comparable breakaway characteristics.

3.9.8 Guardrails

For purposes of design and location, all guardrails along roadways shall conform to the criteria of the “WSDOT Design Manual” as may be amended or revised.

3.9.9 Rock Walls A. Rock walls may be used for erosion protection of cut or fill embankments up to a

maximum height of eight feet in stable soil conditions that will result in no


significant foundation settlement or outward thrust upon the walls. For height over four feet or when soil is unstable, a structural wall of acceptable design stamped by a licensed structural engineer shall be used. Rock walls over four feet high will be subject to inspection by a geotechnical engineer as outlined in the following paragraph.

Any rock wall over 48 inches high in a fill section requires an engineered design by a geotechnical engineer. The geotechnical engineer shall continuously inspect the installation of the wall as it progresses and must submit inspection reports, including compaction test results and photographs taken during the construction, documenting the techniques used and the degree of conformance to the geotechnical engineer’s design.

In the absence of such a rock wall design, walls having heights over four feet, or walls to be constructed in conditions when soil is unstable, require a structural wall having a design approved by the Public Works Department or the Community Development Department if outside of the right-of-way. The design of structural walls shall be by a professional structural engineer qualified in retaining wall design. Structural walls require issuance of a Building Permit prior to construction.

Rock walls over three feet tall and subject to pedestrian access shall be protected by a fence or handrail per the Standard Details.

B. The rock material shall be as nearly rectangular as possible. No stone shall be used

that does not extend through the wall. The rock material shall be hard, sound, durable, and free from weathered portions, seams, cracks, and other defects. The rock density shall be a minimum of 160 pounds per cubic feet.

C. The rock wall shall be started by excavating a trench having a depth below subgrade

of one half the base course or one-foot (whichever is greater).

D. Rock selection and placement shall be such that there will be minimum voids, and in the exposed face, no open voids over six inches across in any direction. The final course shall have a continuous appearance and shall be placed to minimize erosion of the backfill material. The larger rocks should be placed at the base of the rockery so that the wall will be stable and have a stable appearance. The rocks shall be placed in a manner such that the longitudinal axis of the rock will be at right angles or perpendicular to the rockery face. The rocks shall have all inclining faces sloping to the back of the rockery. Each course of rocks should be seated as tightly and evenly as possible on the source beneath. After setting each course of rock, all voids between the rocks shall be chinked on the back with quarry rock to eliminate any void sufficient to pass a two-inch square probe.

E. The wall backfill shall consist of 1½-inch washed rock or as specified by a licensed

engineer. This material shall be placed to an eight-inch minimum thickness between the entire wall and the cut or fill material. The backfill material shall be placed in lifts to an elevation approximately six inches below the top of each course of rocks as they are placed, until the uppermost course is placed. Any backfill material on the bearing surface of one rock course shall be removed before setting the next course.


F. Perforated drainage pipe and filter fabric shall be installed according to the Standard Details. The Engineer may waive this pipe requirement with documented evidence by the developer that no subsurface water problem exists.

3.9.10 Retaining Walls

The design of any retaining wall structure must address the aspects of foundation bearing capacity, sliding, overturning, drainage and design loads. These are complex systems all system shall meet or exceed the manufacturers’ recommendation. Any retaining wall in excess of 42-inches in height or any wall with a surcharge shall be designed by a licensed structural engineer.

G. Bearing Capacity – A minimum factor of safety of 1.5 shall be maintained as the ratio

of the ultimate bearing capacity to the design unit load. Spread footers and other methods may be used to meet factor requirements based upon written recommendations from a Geotechnical Engineer.

H. Sliding – A minimum factor of 2.0 shall be maintained against sliding. A reduction to

a factor of 1.5 may be considered if the passive pressures on the front of the wall are ignored.

I. Overturning – A minimum factor of safety of 1.5 shall be used as the ratio of resisting

moment (that which tends to keep the wall in place) to overturning moment.

J. Drainage – When backfill is sloped down to a retaining wall, surface drainage shall be provided. Drainage systems with adequate outlets shall be provided behind retaining walls. Drains shall be graded or protected by filters so that soil material will not move thru the drains.

K. Design Load – Several different loads or combination of loads need to be considered

during retaining wall design. The minimum load is a level backfill that the wall is constructed to retain. The unit weight will vary based upon the soil composition.

Additional loads such as line loads, surcharge loads or slope fills combine to form the design load for the wall.

L. Geotechnical Reinforcement – All geotechnical reinforcement used as a component of wall design shall be contained either within right-of-way or an easement. The Developer shall clearly identify this area as a excavation exclusion (no dig) zone for existing and future utilities.

3.9.11 Parking Lots

The design of private and public parking lots shall conform to the Off-Street Parking requirements as specified in FWRC 19.130.010 through 19.130.220. Storm drainage flow control and water quality facilities designed in accordance with the King County Surface Water Design Manual may be required.

3.9.12 Roadside Obstacles

Non-yielding or non-breakaway structures which may be potential hazards to the traveling public shall be placed with due regard to safety.


On roads with vertical curbs, hazardous objects that are essential to the roadway network shall be placed at the back of the sidewalk, and as close to the right-of-way line as practical. Such objects shall not be placed in a sidewalk. On shoulder-type roads, hazardous objects that are essential to the roadway network shall be placed as close to the right-of-way as practicable, and a minimum distance of 10-feet measured from the edge of the traveled way or edge stripe, and in accordance with Drawing No. 3-13. Street trees and/or other landscaping within the right-of-way shall meet the minimum requirements as specified in Section 3.5 of these Standards. Non-essential items (e.g., decorative items) shall not be placed within the right-of-way unless otherwise approved by the Public Works Director.

3.10 TRAFFIC IMPACTS

3.10.1 Transportation Concurrency and Mitigation

As of January 1, 2007, the City is using a concurrency application to look at new development’s impact on the transportation network. The purpose of the test is to verify there is adequate capacity in the transportation network and determine traffic mitigation. The test uses the City’s adopted level of service standards (LOS) as identified in the Comprehensive Plan as a basis for determining whether new development can proceed. Concurrency application will be required for all development permits within the city that generate new trips in the PM peak hour, except for development exempt under FWRC Section 19.90.060. All new development must pass concurrency before completing other land use processes. An application must be submitted concurrent with a development activity permit application that generates one or more PM peak hour trips. The applicant may request a concurrency feasibility analysis at any time. However, since a concurrency feasibility analysis application is not tied to a development permit, a Capacity Reserve Certificate (CRC) will not be issued. Each application shall include:

A. Completed Concurrency Application

B. Independent Trip Generation to be considered (if available).

As part of the concurrency application, the Public Works staff will perform capacity analysis at all intersections impacted by one or more of the project’s trips. Once staff has completed the concurrency analysis, the applicant/owner will be notified of the results (Pass or Fail). If the project ‘Passes’ concurrency, staff will issue a Capacity Reserve Certificate (CRC), allowing the project to proceed with other applicable development permit processes. If the project ‘Fails’ concurrency, staff will propose mitigation measures to address the LOS failure at that (those) particular intersection(s). Examples of mitigation measures could be: 1. Construct turn lanes;

2. Modify or construct a traffic signal;


3. Other traffic control measures, such as channelization improvements

The applicant has 30 calendar days to review and respond to staff’s proposed mitigation measure(s). Within that period, the applicant must either accept the proposed mitigation measure(s) or propose alternative mitigation measures for any LOS failure. Once agreement has been reached on mitigation measures, staff will issue a Capacity Reserve Certificate (CRC), allowing the project to proceed with other applicable development permit processes. If the applicant fails to respond within the 30 day period, a ‘Denial’ letter will be issued and the project will not be approved. Alternatively, if the project fails concurrency, the following options are available:

A. Reduce the size of the development or change the type of uses to reduce the trip generation rate until the standard is met;

B. Delay the application until additional improvements have been identified by the City in

the 6-Year (TIP) or constructed by others;

C. Propose appropriate mitigation to include Transportation Demand Management (TDM) measures. The proposed mitigation measures shall be approved and constructed concurrent with the development, usually prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy.

Depending on what option is chosen, the applicant may have to restart the concurrency application process again. The applicant will be responsible to hire an Engineer to address additional traffic related issues that may be associated with the project such as: 1. Impacts to roadways in neighboring jurisdictions

2. Parking Demand and Utilization

3. Queuing and gap analysis

4. Specialized Land Use and Trip Generation

5. Sight Distance Analysis

6. Neighborhood Traffic Impacts

7. Design of Mitigation Improvements (like signals, turn lanes, access, or new roads)

8. Traffic impacts over 100 trips in other peak hours (morning and weekends, for example)

9. Safety analysis and/or solutions

3.10.2 Guidelines for Transportation Impact Analysis

Major new developments may require a TIA for building permits on collector and arterial streets and land use actions.


Key terms to be defined are:

Major new development: A development generating 100 or more trips (entering and exiting) during any peak hour. The evening peak hour will be analyzed for major street impacts using the City’s concurrency analysis procedures by city staff or the applicant. Developments generating a number of trips larger than this threshold value shall have a TIA prepared to analyze impacts to the transportation system and identify appropriate mitigation measures.

Impact: Any intersection, including site access driveways, in which the development generates 100 or more trips during any peak hour in the applicable horizon year shall be defined as impacted.

Horizon year: The future forecast year at which the future conditions without the proposed development are compared to future conditions with the proposed development in order to determine the impacts of the proposed development on levels of service and capacity. The horizon year for each phase of the development shall be the greatest extent of the conditions shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1: DETERMINATION OF APPLICABLE HORIZON YEAR

Greatest Extent of Mitigation Measures

Applicable Horizon Year from Phase Completion Revisions to Comprehensive Plan required

20 years

New or revised traffic signal

5 years

None of the above

0 years

Appropriate mitigation measures: Any combination of street improvements or Transportation Demand Management measures which reduce the number of trips generated by the development at an impacted intersection below the impact threshold values in Table 2 or improve the level of service to a volume/capacity ratio less than 1.20 for signalized (except in City Center, where the standard is an area average of 1.10) or a volume/capacity ratio of less than 1.00 for unsignalized intersections. Levels of service are defined by the 2000 edition of the Highway Capacity Manual.

TABLE 2: IMPACT THRESHOLDS

Impact Parameter

Threshold Site-Generated Traffic Volume

10 vehicles per hour in both directions

Maximum Volume/ Capacity Ratio

Signalized intersections outside City Center

1.20 for the intersection (XC)

Signalized intersections within City Center

Area-wide average of 1.10 (XC)

Unsignalized intersections

1.00 on each lane group


A. Contents

Review and approval of Transportation Impact Analyses shall be subject to meeting the following criteria as applicable. The document shall be prepared under the direction of a Civil Engineer with experience in traffic engineering registered in the State of Washington. Final documents shall bear the seal of the responsible Engineer. The City may use a transportation model in order to provide reasonable future traffic volumes and trip assignments. The cost of model runs outside of those required for a concurrency analysis in order to supply data to the applicant as well as review of the TIA shall be borne by the applicant, charged to review fees.

The following outline should be used in order to facilitate expedient review by the city.

I. Inventory Existing and Proposed Land Use.

A. Existing Land Use. 1. Proposed Site's Land Use. 2. Proposed Site's Physical Location. 3. Proposed Site's Physical Characteristics. Design constraints to proposed

development. B. Proposed Land Use.

1. Change in Land Use. 2. Other Developments Approved in Vicinity. City will provide listing.

II. Inventory Existing and Planned Transportation System. A. Scope of Impact Analysis. Describe the location of new facilities and

existing facilities impacted by increased traffic. Increased traffic is defined as 100 or more trips during any peak hour, all intersections created by driveways serving the site, local street segments used by the development to access the collector and arterial street network, and all intersections of collector and arterial streets.

B. Existing Transportation System. All pertinent data in the City's possession will be supplied by the City. All other data required for the TIA shall be provided by the applicant. The TIA shall address the following:

1. Street Network by Functional Classification. 2. Geometrics of Network and Intersections. 3. Traffic Control Locations. 4. Signal Timing and Signal System Operation. 5. Site Access Points. 6. Existing Right-of-Way. 7. Hourly Traffic Counts, less than 2 years old. 8. Turning Movement Counts, less than 2 years old, including peak hour factors, percentage of trucks, numbers of buses stopping, and pedestrians. 9. Collision Data, last 5 calendar years. 10. Identification of Safety Inadequacies. This is defined by any of the following conditions over a three-year period:

a. A collision rate of more than 1.0 collisions per million entering vehicles at an intersection.

b. A collision rate of more than 10.0 collisions per million vehicle miles on a roadway segment. Segments are defined as arterials


and principal collectors between and including intersections of collectors and arterials.

11.Transit Service. Existing and planned facilities. 12.Bicycle Facilities. Existing and planned facilities. 13.Pedestrian Facilities. Existing and planned facilities.

III. Forecast of Conditions Without Development. A. Selection of Horizon Year(s). The estimated year of completion of each

phase of the development shall be analyzed for capacity and level of service. In addition, the horizon year for each phase of the development shall be determined by the extent of mitigation measures as shown in Table 2 and described below.

Plan revisions required. If required mitigation of transportation impacts for any phase of the development requires revisions to the most current, approved version of the Comprehensive Plan e.g. revised location or classification of collectors or arterials, conditions twenty years following the completion of that phase shall be forecast and analyzed.

Signal revisions required. If required mitigation of transportation impacts for any phase of the development includes new or modified signalization, conditions five years following the completion of that phase shall be forecast and analyzed.

Minor or no improvements required. If required mitigation of transportation impacts for any phase of the development does not involve any of the improvements cited above, conditions at the time of completion of that phase shall be forecast and analyzed.

B. Annual Growth Rate. When available, the City will supply volumes for forecast years from the City's transportation model. Otherwise, the applicant will develop forecasts extrapolated from modeled forecast years or historic volume data.

C. Add Impacts of Adjacent Major Developments Pending and Approved. The City will supply copies of applicable Transportation Impact Analyses and concurrency analyses, if available. If trip assignments from the City’s travel demand model are needed, staff time for the model run will be billed to the applicant at the adopted hourly rate for Public Works Engineering review.

IV. Development-Related Traffic. A. Identify Critical Hours (hours of largest impact) for analysis, in

conjunction with City Staff. Any or all of these peak hours may apply. 1. Morning Peak 2. Generator Peaks 3. Evening Peak 4. Saturday Peak 5. Sunday Peak

B. Calculate Trip Generation. Development proposals with multiple phases of construction shall include all phases of the development for calculating trip generation. If only a portion if the subject land parcel is proposed for development, trip generation shall include the buildout of the remainder of the land parcel under current zoning, or if the proposal involves a zone change, the proposed zoning. The latest version of ITE’s Trip Generation shall be used as applicable. For land uses not listed in Trip Generation, studies of at least three sites for similar development in similar regions may be used upon approval by City Staff.


Pass-by trips shall also be quantified, if applicable. No reduction will be given for diverted link trips without data supporting the revised assignment of those trips.

C. Trip Distribution. If available, the City's transportation model shall be used. Otherwise, the applicant shall provide trip distribution data for approval by City staff.

D. Modal Split. If available, the City's transportation model shall be used. Otherwise, the applicant shall provide modal split data for all modes for approval by City staff.

E. Trip Assignment. If available, the City's transportation model shall be used. Otherwise, the applicant shall provide trip assignment data for approval by City staff.

V. Forecast of Conditions with Each Phase of Development A. Combine Non-Site Traffic and Site-Related Traffic

1. Morning Peak 2. Generator Peaks 3. Evening Peak 4. Saturday Peak 5. Sunday Peak

B. Capacity and Level of Service Analysis. Highway Capacity Manual 2000 procedures shall be used. Ideal saturation flow rates greater than 1900 vehicles per hour of green per lane should not be used unless otherwise measured in the project vicinity. Signal timing used in capacity analysis must use existing timing for existing conditions and have a cycle length no greater than 150 seconds for all future conditions. Minimum phase lengths shall allow for adequate pedestrian crossing time at 4 seconds for walk and 3.5 feet per second for clearance (unless majority of pedestrians are elderly or children, in which case longer pedestrian timing may be required), and be 15 seconds for protected left-turn phases and 10 seconds for protected/permissive left-turn phases. Peak hour factors for signalized intersections for exiting conditions may use either actual existing PHF’s by approach, or use the peak 15 minute period for the entire intersection and multiply those volumes by 4. For future year analysis, a default PHF of 0.95 for the entire intersection may be used, or if the existing intersection PHF based on total entering volume is higher than 0.95, the exiting value may be used. For unsignalized intersections, existing approach PHF’s shall be used. Arrival types at signalized intersections will be supplied by the City, if available from the City's TRANSYT-7F or Synchro models. Queue lengths shall be calculated at the 95th percentile. All impacted intersections as defined in II.B shall be analyzed.

C. Access Management Standards. City standards are summarized in Table 3. On state highways, the minimum spacing is 250 feet, or as shown in Table 3.


TABLE 3: ACCESS MANAGEMENT STANDARDS

Access

Classification

Median

Through Traffic Lanes

Minimum Spacing (feet)**

Minimum

Signal Progression

Efficiency***

Crossing Movements Left-Turn Out

Left-Turn

In

Right-Turn

Out

Right-Turn

In

1

Raised

6

Only at signalized intersections

Only at

signalized intersections

330

150

150

40%

2

Raised

4

330

330

330

150

150

30%

3

Two-Way Left-Turn

Lane

4

150

150*

150*

150*

150*

20%

4

Two-Way Left-Turn

Lane

2

150*

150*

150*

150*

150*

10%

* Accesses for Single Family Residences are exempted. ** Greater spacing may be required in order to minimize conflicts with queued traffic to the 95th percentile queue length. *** If the existing efficiency is less than the standard, new or revised signals may not reduce the existing efficiency.

D. Identify Safety-Related Constraints. VI. Mitigation Measures.

A. Issues to be considered: 1. Design Vehicle Requirements 2. New Facilities (all modes) 3. Geometric Modifications 4. Traffic Control Modifications 5. Timing of Implementation with Respect to Phases of Development 6. Sight Distance Requirements. If required by staff, intersection sight

distance shall be analyzed in accordance with AASHTO for the site conditions using posted speed limits.

B. Planned and Committed Improvements on Affected Transportation Network. Data will be supplied by the City. If the horizon year is 20 years, all CIP projects may be assumed to be completed. If the horizon year is 5 years, all TIP projects may be assumed to be completed. Otherwise, only funded projects may be assumed to be completed.

C. On-Site Improvements. Improvements to streets abutting the development shall be in accordance with City ordinances and design standards. If frontage improvements would be required on a street where a City project is proposed in the City’s Six-Year Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), the applicant shall pay a share of that project based on the proportion of the frontage length to the length of frontage to be constructed by the project or, if the project is designed, the applicant shall pay a share of the project based on the design engineer’s cost estimate for facilities to be provided on the frontage. Otherwise, the applicant shall provide the frontage improvement based on the adopted Comprehensive Plan roadway section. The payment would count as a credit against the Traffic Impact Fee if the frontage improvement is included in the list of projects to be funded by the Traffic Impact Fee.

D. Off-Site Improvements. All improvements shall meet current City standards. Developments impacting City projects as shown in the City’s current 6-Year


Transportation Improvement Program but not included on the list of projects funded by the Traffic Impact Fee shall either provide the project or pay a pro-rata share of the project, calculated as the number of new peak hour trips generated by the development divided by the estimated total peak hour traffic volume at the time that phase of the development is completed. If a project has been deemed to be fully funded by the Public Works Director (at bid award), the pro-rata share will be calculated based on the design engineer’s current cost estimate subtracting funding from federal and state grants. If the development’s impacts on a TIP project vary within the TIP project, depending on the operational or safety issue the TIP project is intended to resolve, pro-rata shares may be calculated separately for each segment that is impacted differently by dividing the cost of the TIP project on a per-lineal-foot basis.

1. Levels of Service. Signalized intersections shall have a level of service of

E or better and an average volume/capacity ratio (Xc) less than 1.20. Unsignalized intersections shall have a volume/capacity ratio less than 1.00 on all lane groups.

2. Local streets and collectors. The use of traffic control devices to reduce impacts on residential streets should be negotiated with local neighborhood groups and City staff with the goal of reducing neighborhood infiltration of development-generated spillover traffic.

3. New or revised traffic signals. Signals proposed as mitigation shall meet at least one MUTCD warrant for signalization in the applicable horizon year. Minor street movements having an unsignalized level of service of A should not be included in meeting volume warrants. Warrant analysis for left-turn phasing shall be conducted for new or revised signals, using the mode recommended by the majority of the following procedures: LTAP, TRC 212 procedures, and Oregon Department of Transportation Traffic Signal Policy. Progression analysis using current versions of PASSER II shall be provided for new or revised signals if located within one-half mile of signals existing or listed in the City's current Capital Improvement Program.

4. Turn lanes. a. Left-turn lanes. Guidelines from Highway Research Record 211

should be used to analyze the need for left-turn lanes. Washington State Department of Transportation Design Manual Figures 910-9a and 9b may also be used. Generally, all signalized approaches should have left-turn lanes where left-turns are permitted on two-way streets.

b. Right-turn lanes. Washington State Department of Transportation Design Manual Figure 910-12 should be used for right-turn lanes at unsignalized intersections, ignoring the note exempting multi-lane approaches. Guidelines for Right-Turn Treatments at Signalized Intersections (ITE Journal, February 1995) should be used for warrants for right-turn lanes at signalized intersections. City staff will provide copies of these guidelines if requested.

E. Internal (On-Site) Transportation System. All systems shall meet current City codes and design standards. Issues to be considered: 1. Design Vehicle Requirements. Turning radii, vertical clearances, etc. 2. Facility Requirements (all modes) 3. Traffic Control Requirements. Signing, striping.


4. Driveway Design. Width, throat length. 5. Parking Requirements 6. Special Features

F. Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plans. When TDM plans are

proposed as mitigation measures, the applicant may submit a report to Public Works Traffic Division to document the success of the TDM Plan one year after occupancy of the development. Upon approval, the applicant may be refunded any traffic mitigation fees collected for the development based on the percentage of reduction in vehicular trips, up to 20%.

G. Analysis of Proposed Mitigation Measures. The greatest horizon years identified in IIII.A for each phase of the proposed development shall be analyzed.

VII. Appendices

A. Maps not contained in the body of the report. B. Count data used for analysis. C. LOS calculations. Software output must explicitly state all input and phase

lengths used in analysis. The City can provide existing conditions coded in a Synchro network.

D. Warrant worksheets for signals, all-way stops, protected turn phasing, right and left-turn lanes, intersection sight distance, etc.

E. Signal progression analyses. All input and output.

City of Federal Way Public Works Development Standards REV. March 2019 Appendix

CHAPTER 4 - STORM DRAINAGE 4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND POLICIES

The City of Federal Way has adopted the 2016 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM), the City of Federal Way Addendum to the KCSWDM, and the King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual (KCSPCM) effective April 24, 2016. The City of Federal Way addendum includes all changes and deletions to the KCSWDM and is to be used for guidance for drainage review and design of storm water facilities within the City. The 2016 KCSWDM may be obtained, for a fee, at the following locations:

King County Water and Land Resources Division 201 S. Jackson St, Suite 600

Seattle, WA (206) 477-4800

Or online at: King County Surface Water Design Manual The City of Federal Way Addendum to KCSWDM may be obtained at:

City of Federal Way, Surface Water Management Division 33325 8th Ave S., 2nd Floor

Federal Way, WA (253) 835-2700

Or online at www.cityoffederalway.com/developmentservices

In addition to these manuals, the City has maps available for public use pertaining to topography, the city-wide drainage system, flow control applications, and water quality treatment applications. The Hylebos Creek and Lower Puget Sound Basin Plan and the CITY OF FEDERAL WAY Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan (May, 1996) are also available at the permit counter. These planning documents identify specific projects that the City has identified to correct drainage problems. These projects may require developer analysis and/or financial contributions. 4.1.1 Flow Control

Flow control requirements within the City of Federal Way may be found on the City of Federal Way Flow Control Application Map. The map is available on the City’s web site at: www.cityoffederalway.com/developmentservices.

A. Detention/Retention within City Center Core

Detention and water quality for private commercial developments within the City Center Core area may be placed underground.

B. Detention/Retention Outside City Core

All City-owned and maintained water detention/retention systems outside of City Center Core must be above ground (i.e. open pond). Detention facilities for short plats or private commercial developments outside the City Center Core must be above ground. For short plats, the detention facilities shall be within a

https://www.kingcounty.gov/services/environment/water-and-land/stormwater/documents/surface-water-design-manual.aspx

http://www.cityoffederalway.com/developmentservices



separate tract that will be owned and maintained by the owners of the platted lots. Underground facilities are allowed only with approval from the City of Federal Way Public Works Department.

4.1.2 Water Quality Treatment

Water quality treatment requirements within the City of Federal Way may be found on the City of Federal Way Water Quality Application Map. The map is available on the City’s website at: www.cityoffederalway.com/developmentservices For water quality treatment, the City will accept any water quality treatment system that meets the treatment standard that is listed in the KCSWDM, or those systems listed on the Department of Ecology’s General Use Level Designation (GULD).

A. Water Quality Treatment within City Center Core

Water quality for private commercial developments within the City Center Core area may be placed underground.

B. Water Quality Treatment outside City Core

All City-owned and maintained water quality treatment systems outside of City Center Core must be above ground (i.e. open pond).

Water quality facilities for short plats or private commercial developments outside the City Center Core must be above ground. For short plats, the water quality facilities shall be within a separate tract that will be owned and maintained by the owners of the platted lots. Underground facilities are allowed only with approval from the City of Federal Way Public Works Department. Water quality facilities may be located within the same tract as the flow control facility.

4.2 STORMWATER SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

4.2.1 General

Installation and construction of stormwater facilities shall conform to the requirements of the City of Federal Way and the manuals referenced in section 2.1.1 of these Specifications. All public and private stormwater facilities that collect, convey, treat, retain and/or detain stormwater that discharges to surface water of the State shall be designed in accordance with this Chapter, the latest edition KCSWDM and the City of Federal Way Addendum to the King County Surface Water Design Manual (Addendum).

4.2.2 Stormwater Site Plans & Technical Information Report (TIR)

The Stormwater Site Plan and TIR, where required by FWRC Chapter 16.20 shall document the proposed stormwater management for the project and shall include supporting calculations, drawings, details and proposed facility descriptions as needed to enable evaluation of the proposed site stormwater system. The Stormwater Site Plan shall include the following and other elements as identified in Appendix C of KCSWDM.



A. Identification of all proposed improvements and impervious area.

B. Stationing and reference points to all stormwater structures, facilities and

appurtenances.

C. Identification of possible utility conflicts.

D. Stormwater conveyance information including pipe location, size, invert elevations, lengths, depths, pipe materials, type of drainage structures, drainage structure rim and invert elevations, and hydraulic grade based on backwater analysis for surcharge structures at the design event.

E. Minimum separation requirements between storm lines and all other utilities.

F. Permanent utility easements for all stormwater conveyance, structures, facilities and

overflow routes.

G. Location of saw cutting and patching/overlay of existing streets.

H. Approved asphalt-patch detail.

I. Applicable stormwater details.

J. Existing and proposed topography (NGVD 29 or KCAS)

K. Inspection and construction control schedule.

L. The design manuals used and basis of selection.

M. Feasibility of Low Impact Development (LID) practices.

N. Tributary basin map identification, existing flow patterns, land cover, sensitive areas and contours.

O. Geotechnical report stamped and signed by a professional geotechnical engineer

licensed to practice in the state of Washington.

P. All pertinent hydrologic and hydraulic calculations.

Q. Backwater calculations

R. Infiltration testing per KCSWDM Section C.1.3

S. Identification and delineation of critical areas within, and adjacent to, the proposed project boundary.

T. Assumptions used in calculations.

U. Proposed stormwater management facilities.

V. Footing drains and groundwater routing.


W. Overflow routes.

X. Stormwater facilities maintenance requirements and schedule.

Y. Applicable permits

Z. Bond Quantity Worksheet.

At a minimum the Technical information Report (TIR) must also include the 9 Core Requirements and 5 Special Requirements as defined in KCSWDM Section 1.2 and 1.3.

4.2.3 Thresholds

All projects that exceed the thresholds established in Section 2 of City of Federal Way Addendum to the King County Surface Water Design Manual (Addendum) shall submit an appropriate Site Plan and TIR.

4.3 STORMWATER SYSTEM DESIGN

4.3.1 General The minimum stormwater conveyance pipe diameter for all City owned and maintained storm mains shall be 12 inches. Larger diameter storm mains may be necessary for systems requiring increased capacity. All storm mains shall be designed and constructed in straight alignments and continuous grade between catch basins. At the discretion of the Public Works Director or designee, the Permittee may be required, as a condition of storm drainage approval, to install conveyance line larger than needed to service proposed projects in order to accommodate future development. In such cases, the Permittee may be eligible for recouping the additional cost associated with upsizing the conveyance system through implementation of a latecomer’s agreement. All storm mains shall be designed and constructed to provide a minimum scouring velocity of 3 fps, flowing full. Pipe run length between catch basins shall be meet the requirements of Section 4.3.3.B. Minimum pipe slope for 12-inch or larger pipes shall be 0.2 percent in accordance with Section 4.2.1 of KCSWDM. Pipe anchors shall be required for conveyance lines exceeding the maximum pipe slopes and velocities outline in KCSWDM Table 4.2.1.A. The on-site conveyance system adequacy shall be demonstrated using Backwater Analysis Methods described in Sections 4.2.1 and 4.4.1 of KCSWDM. When significant storage volume exists in the conveyance system (such as upstream of an existing roadway embankment/cross culvert) these methods shall be used in conjunction with the hydrograph routing method described in KCSWDM Section 3.2.4, or by modeling the storage using an Ecology-approved continuous simulation hydraulic model such as the Western Washington Hydrology Model (WWHM) with 15-minute time steps. The runoff originating on the project site, plus any existing upstream runoff that will be conveyed through the project site, shall be included in the analysis. Pipe systems shall be designed to convey and contain at least the peak runoff rate for the 25-year design storm using:


A. For all sites the Methods of Analysis described in KCSWDM Section 4.2.1.

B. The computation method used for determining design flows for conveyance sizing shall

be per KCSWDM Section 3.2.

C. Rational Method per KCSWDM Section 3.2.1.

D. Structures for pipe systems must be demonstrated to provide a minimum of 0.5 feet of freeboard between the hydraulic gradeline and the top of the structure for the 25-year peak rate of runoff. Structures may overtop for the 100-year peak rate runoff provided that:

1. Runoff is contained within defined conveyance system elements without inundating or overtopping the crown of the roadway; and/or

2. No portion of a building will be flooded; and/or 3. If overland sheet flow occurs, it will flow through a drainage easement.

E. Precipitation values for Rational Method (King County SWDM methodology) or SBUH methodology shall be taken from the 2016 KCSWDM.

4.3.2 Design Considerations

Development activities within designated environmentally critical areas within the City of Federal Way are regulated under FWRC 19.145. It shall be considered the Developer’s/Owner’s responsibility to be familiar with specific provisions of these regulations and standards as they relate to future development of a specific site located within or adjacent to environmentally critical areas.

A. Conveyance Location

Stormwater conveyance pipe shall be installed with sufficient depth to prevent freezing or damage, and to provide adequate slope from the lowest elevation served on the property. Stormwater mains installed with less than two feet of cover, measured from the crown of the pipe, shall be ductile iron or reinforced concrete. Ductile iron or reinforce concrete pipe shall demonstrate compliance with South King County Fire and Rescue Guideline 10.006 loading requirements.

B. Easements and Rights-of-Way

Easement and/or right-of-way document preparation and recording shall be completed per Sections 1.3.2.d and 2.4 of this Manual. Utilities shall be installed in the City right-of-way within the utility strip area whenever possible. Work within State right-of-way requires appropriate review from applicable agencies. The Developer/Owner shall be responsible for submission of plans for review. Permanent on-site easements or tracts for access, maintenance, and construction are required for all stormwater conveyance and control facilities located outside of public right-of-way. If the right-of-way, easement or tract is fenced, a gate shall be installed to


allow access by City personnel. A permanent easement for overflow from water quality, detention or retention facility shall be obtained for both on-site and affected downstream properties where overflow paths are not at existing locations. Private improvements, such as buildings, garages, carports, fences and retaining walls are not allowed in public easements and right-of-way. Where an encroachment occurs, the Owner shall immediately remove and relocate the conflicting private improvements.

C. Easement Requirements

The conveyance systems on private property to be owned, maintained and operated by the City must be located in a storm easement granted to the City of Federal Way. All other drainage facilities and conveyance systems which convey off-site or between-lot flows must be located in a storm easement dedicated to convey surface and storm water, however, the individual property owner(s) shall maintain the drainage facilities within these storm easements. Minimum easement widths are as follows:

1. Storm sewers (under 5 feet deep) – 15 feet wide

2. Storm sewers (over 5 feet deep) – 20 feet wide

3. Storm sewers (>60-inch diameter) – Outside diameter plus 10-feet wide.

4. Access Roads – 15 feet wide.

Access roads for City owned facilities are required to each catch basin, storm drain manhole, retention, detention, and/or water quality facility to enable City personnel access for maintenance. Access roads shall be 12 feet wide (15 feet at all corners), and shall be designed to support HS-20 vehicle loading. Note: Large diameter, deep storm sewers or special conditions may require greater easement widths. Final easement width shall be at the discretion of the Public Works Director or designee.

4.3.3 Storm System Components

A. Drainage Ditches and Channels

Conveyance systems shall be constructed of vegetation-lined channels, as opposed to pipe systems, where feasible. Vegetative channels shall generally be considered feasible if:

1. The channel gradient generally does not exceed five percent,

2. No modifications to currently adopted standard roadway cross sections in the City

of Federal Way PWDS are necessitated by the channel, and

3. The channel would be accessible for maintenance.


New ditches shall have a maximum channel side slope of 2H:1V, or as required by the Public Works Director or designee due to soil conditions. Side slope and bottoms shall be revegetated in accordance with an approved landscaping plan, or be lined with riprap for channel protection. Channel design aspects, including capacity, geometry, design velocities, easements, access requirements, maximum slope, vegetation or riprap lining shall be in accordance with Chapter 4 of KCSWDM.

B. Stormwater Catch Basins and Manholes

Catch basins are required at the following locations:

1. Any break in grade or alignment.

2. Change in pipe material or diameter.

3. Within 50 feet of entrance to a pipe system.

4. Maximum catch basin spacing where the roadway grade is:

• <1% 150 feet • 1% to 3% 200 feet • > 3% 300 feet • Outside of roadway 400 feet

5. At all low points of vertical curves and grade breaks.

Minimum catch basin size in relation to pipe diameter and shall be in accordance with Chapter 4 KCSWDM and Section 7-04 of the King County 2016 Road Design and Construction Standards. Where there is a change in pipe size at the structure, connecting pipes shall match interior crown elevations unless otherwise approved by the Public Works Director or designee. Catch basins shall be installed in street gutter line to minimize flows through pedestrian crossings. Applications where the distance from the lowest storm pipe to the top of the casting is greater than 5 feet require installation of a type 2 catch basin 48-inch diameter, minimum. A storm drain manhole Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 shall be installed where required based upon pipe depth, material and diameter.

C. Storm Laterals

Stormwater mains and laterals may be required for new development, depending on the extent to which LID practices are implemented in conformance with Core Requirement #5 of the KCSWDM. If, per the soil the geotechnical analysis performed to address Core Requirement #5, or the judgement of the Public Works Director or designee, LID practices are not technically feasible, stormwater mains may be required to convey stormwater to a centralized stormwater management facility. If LID practices are


technically feasible, but require underdrains on individual lots, stormwater mains may be required for conveyance to the City’s stormwater system.

Where stormwater laterals are determined to be needed in new development, the mains shall be designed and installed with drainage stub outs at each single family residential lot. Each drainage stub out shall be connected to the stormwater main at a catch basin and shall be located at the lowest elevation on the lot to serve all future impervious surfaces. A cleanout is required on each stormwater lateral at the right-of-way or property line. Cleanouts shall be of the same material and diameter as the drainage lateral piping. All laterals within the right-of-way shall be solid interior wall pipe. Perforated pipe within the right-of-way is not allowed unless associated with an LID facility. The property owner shall be responsible for maintaining all stormwater components on private property and within the right-of-way to the connection at the catch basin.

D. Culverts

The minimum culvert diameter allowed within the City right-of-way shall be 12-inches. Culvert design and installation shall be in conformance with KCSWDM Chapter 4.

E. Stormwater Quality Control Facilities

Runoff from pollution generating impervious surfaces (PGIS) or pollution generating pervious surfaces (PGPS) that exceed the thresholds in FWRC 16.15.010 shall be treated. Water Quality treatment shall be provided in accordance with KCSWDM Core Requirement #8 and Section 4.1.2 of this Manual. Water quality treatment shall be provided through treatment systems listed in the KCSWDM or in the Department of Ecology’s General Use Level Designation (GULD).

F. Stormwater Flow Control Facilities

Proposed public or private projects that exceed the thresholds referenced in Addendum Section 2 Step 4 must provide an appropriate level of flow control as determined in KCSWDM Core Requirement #3 and Section 4.1.1 of these Standards.

G. Low Impact Development (LID) Implementation

For every project, a detailed evaluation of LID feasibility, including a geotechnical analysis to address the feasibility of infiltration, permeable pavements, and bioretention is required in accordance with Core Requirement 9 of KCSWDM.


4.4 STORM SYSTEM MATERIALS AND INSTALLATION

4.4.1 General

All materials used for construction of the stormwater system and appurtenances shall be new and undamaged. All materials used shall be subject to inspection and approval by the Public Works Director or designee prior to use. Materials and construction methods used during stormwater system and facilities installation shall conform to the Section 2.1.1 of the Standards.

The Contractor shall provide the Public Works Director or designee with shop drawings and certifications for all materials used in construction of the stormwater conveyance and control facilities within the City of Federal Way for review and approval prior to the start of construction. All materials and appurtenances shall be installed per the manufacturer’s recommendations and the City of Federal Way’s Standards.

4.4.2 Stormwater Conveyance

The following materials are approved for use as stormwater conveyance piping to be owned or maintained by the City of Federal Way:

A. Reinforced Concrete Pipe: Meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 170, minimum

class 2, with rubber gaskets. High class rating in accordance with WSDOT Hydraulics Manual shall be used based upon pipe cover. Pipe shall have reinforcement in both bells and spigots.

B. Solid Wall Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE): shall conform to the following requirements:

Smooth-wall, corrugated, integrated bell and spigot HDPE pipe conforming to ASTM D3212 with elastomeric gaskets conforming to ASTM F477.

1. Joints shall be molded or produced from an extruded shape approved by the

manufacturer and spliced into circular form.

2. For dual wall pipe up to 30-inch diameter: ASTM F2736

3. For dual wall 30-inch to 60-inch diameter: AASHTO MP 21, Type S or Type D.

4. For triple wall 30-inch to 60-inch diameter: ASTM F2764.

5. Lubricant used for assembly shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or on the pipe.

6. “Spirolite”, if proposed, shall be Class 63.

C. Solid Wall PVC: Conforming to ASTM C 3034 SDR 35 for up to 15-inch diameter, and ASTM F 679, Type 1 for pipe 18-inch to 24-inch diameter. Joints shall be in conformance with ASTM D3212 using elastomeric gaskets conforming to ASTM F477.

D. Ductile Iron: Conforming to WSDOT Section 9-30.1(1). Pressure class shall be

determined based upon anticipated conditions in accordance with AWWA C150. Joints shall be rubber gasketed per AWWA C111.


4.4.3 Pipe Foundation Material

When deemed necessary, the Public Works Director or designee shall require that the trench be over-excavated and pipe foundation material be placed and compacted in the trench beneath the bedding material to provide a firm and unyielding pipe foundation. Proposed foundation material type, depth, installation methods and compaction requirements shall be submitted by a professional engineer to the City for review and approval before implementation in the field.

4.4.4 Pipe Bedding Material

Crushed surfacing top course in conformance with WSDOT Section 9-03.9(3) shall be used for both flexible and rigid pipe bedding material. Pipe bedding shall be placed and compacted at minimum 6-inch lifts for 6 inches below and 6 inches above the crown of the pipe. Bedding material shall be compacted to 90 percent maximum dry density.

4.4.5 Pipe Trench Backfill

Pipe trench backfill within the right-of-way shall be crushed surfacing top course per WSDOT Section 9-03.3(3). The top course material shall be placed in maximum lifts of 12 inches and compacted to 95 percent maximum dry density. Trench backfill outside of City of Federal Way may be bank run gravel per WSDOT 9-03.19. Select native material meeting the requirements for bank run gravel in accordance with WSDOT 9-03.19 is also acceptable. Bank run material shall be placed in maximum 12-inch lifts and compacted to 95 percent maximum dry density. Pavement patching materials and restoration area shall conform to Section 3.2.19.

4.4.6 Catch Basins

Catch basins shall be precast reinforced concrete constructed in conformance with AASHTO M 199 and WSDOT Sections 9-05.50. Catch basin frames and grates shall conform to the requirements in WSDOT 9-05.15(2). Solid-lid castings for storm drain manhole frames shall be cast grey iron conforming to AASHTO M 105 with lids constructed of Grade 80-55-06 ductile iron in conformance with ASTM A 536. Joints between storm drain manholes shall be rubber gasketed. All inside and outside catch basin and storm drain manhole section joints, pickholes and adjustment sections shall be sealed with nonshrinking grout and shall be watertight. Grout shall be smooth finish inside and out after installation. Frame castings shall be brought to final grade and seated with nonshrinking grout on the adjustment rings or brick. The adjustment ring sections or brick shall be grouted to provide a smooth, watertight seal. Stormwater pipe entry into catch basins or storm drain manholes shall only be allowed through knockouts provided by the structure manufacturer, cores provided by the manufacturer, or cores constructed in the field. Ladder rungs shall be grouted into storm drain manhole precast concrete walls. Ladder rungs shall be aligned vertically, with 12-inch uniform separation to the elevation of the


crown of the outfall pipe. A polypropylene hanging ladder shall be installed on the lowest rung, as needed, to allow access to the bottom of the structure.

4.4.7 Stormwater Laterals

Storm laterals servicing individual lots on a new subdivision shall be 6 inches in diameter, minimum. Storm stub outs shall be installed to the property line and the Developer/Owner shall be responsible for installing an on-site stormwater collection system to route runoff from all impervious surface to the storm drain main. Cleanouts shall be installed at the property line and within 5 feet of the home. Cleanouts shall be of the same material and diameter as the lateral pipe. Cleanouts shall be covered with a cast iron ring and cover in accordance with Standard Drawing 4-17. Laterals shall connect to the storm main at a catch basin.

See Section 4.4.2 of these Standards for acceptable stormwater lateral materials.

4.5 TESTING REQUIREMENTS

4.5.1 General

Storm sewer structures and conveyance testing shall be conducted in conformance with WSDOT Section 7-04.

4.5.2 Cleaning

The Contractor shall remove all sediment and debris accumulated in both the existing and new stormwater conveyance and structures as a result of construction activities prior to final project acceptance by the City. The Contractor shall insure that materials flushed from the storm main is trapped, removed and does not enter downstream drainage system. Sediment and debris shall be excavated from stormwater control ponds as needed to provide the design volume shown on the approved plans.

4.5.3 Leak Testing

The Contractor shall furnish all equipment, labor and personnel necessary for conducting pressure testing on new stormwater mains. The Contractor shall provide the City with a certification letter from a City-approved testing laboratory verifying that all testing equipment is accurate. All testing equipment and personnel shall be subject to approval by the Public Works Director or designee. The Contractor shall have all equipment and personnel present and ready for leakage test, and shall have already successfully completed leakage testing on the entire conveyance system prior to calling the Public Works Director or designee out to witness testing. Portions of stormwater conveyance system which fail to meet the testing requirements shall be repaired. The Contractor shall determine all sources of leakage and shall repair all portions of defective materials or workmanship, at no cost to the City, prior to final acceptance.


Leak testing shall be conducted after backfill is completed and trench has been compacted per Section 4.4.5 of these Standards.

4.5.4 Air Permeable Materials Leakage Testing

Stormwater conveyance piping constructed of concrete shall be subject to a low-pressure air test in conformance WSDOT 7-17.3(2)E and the chart below:

Time in Seconds for Pressure Drop

Pipe Dia. (in.)

Pipe Length (ft.)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

12 40 80 120 160 170 170 170 183 15 63 125 188 213 213 214 250 286 18 90 180 255 255 257 310 360 410 21 123 245 298 298 350 420 490 560 24 160 320 340 370 460 550 640 730 27 203 390 390 460 580 700 810 930 30 250 430 430 570 720 860 1000 1140

All pipes in excess of 30 inches in diameter will be tested one joint at a time in accordance with ASTM C1103. 4.5.5 Non-Air-Permeable Materials Leakage Testing

Stormwater conveyance piping constructed of non-air-permeable materials including ABS composite, PVC, ductile iron and polyethylene shall be subject to a low-pressure air test in conformance WSDOT 7-17.3(2)E and the chart below:

Time in Seconds for Pressure Drop

Pipe Dia. (in.)

Pipe Length (ft.)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

12 160 320 480 640 680 680 680 732 15 252 500 752 852 852 856 1000 1144 18 360 720 1020 1020 1028 1240 1440 1640 21 492 980 1192 1192 1400 1680 1960 2240 24 640 1280 1360 1480 1840 2200 2560 2920 27 812 1560 1560 1840 2320 2800 3240 3720 30 1000 1720 1720 2280 2880 3440 4000 8960

4.5.6 Deflection Testing

Upon completion of storm sewers using thermoplastic pipe materials (ADS, Polyethylene, PVC) the Contractor shall deflection test the segment using a properly sized “go-nogo” mandrel in conformance with WSDOT Section 7-17.3(2)G. Deflection testing may be completed concurrently with Television Inspection Section 4.5.7.


4.5.7 Television Inspection

All new stormwater conveyance networks shall be visually inspected following satisfactory cleaning, trench compaction testing and leak testing. Visual inspection shall be conducted using a remote camera specifically designed for such applications, with the ability to rotate the lens 180 degrees and with sufficient lighting to allow clear picture of the entire periphery of the pipe. A “push-type” camera may be used in lieu of the remote camera if approved by the Public Works Director or designee. Public Works inspectors must be present during video inspection. The Contractor shall introduce water with contrasting color to the storm system to the satisfaction of the Public Works Director or designee to better identify ponding. A sewer ball shall be attached to the front of the camera to provide a basis for estimating the depth of ponding within the storm pipe. The ball shall be:

• 1-inch sewer ball for 12-inch and 15-inch diameter pipe, • 1-1/2-inch sewer ball for 18-inch and 21-inch diameter pipe • 2-inch ball for 24-inch plus diameter pipe.

Ponding in excess of 1-inch (12 & 15-inch); 1-1/2-inch (18 & 21-inch) and 2-inch (24-inch plus) shall be repaired. The Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated with repairing or replacing defective portions of piping, including the cost of additional television inspection and leakage testing required to verify that repairs have been completed to the satisfaction of the City. The Contractor shall provide the Public Works Director or designee with a digital video disc recording and paper inspection report for review within two working days of performing the visual inspection.

4.6 MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITIES

4.6.1 General

FWRC Chapter 16.35 stipulates which stormwater facilities are to be publically owned and maintained by the City, which stormwater facilities remain under private ownership, and the maintenance responsibilities.

A. A maintenance covenant/agreement is required for all projects that prepare a

stormwater site plan and TIR. Maintenance agreements for private facilities are required. The maintenance agreement for public facilities shall be in effect for the period until full control and maintenance is transferred to the City (2-years).

B. Maintenance and operation of all stormwater facilities that are to remain under private ownership is the responsibility of the homeowners’ association, property owner or their designee.

C. Maintenance responsibility of all stormwater facilities that are to be transferred to the City is the responsibility of the Developer/Owner, or designee until the stormwater facilities are fully accepted by the City and the City release the bond.

Surface Water Management Department will inspect privately maintained facilities to verify satisfactory maintenance practices in conformance with the Maintenance Covenant per FWRC Chapter 16.


4.6.2 Maintenance Covenant

Prior to project closeout for any permit requiring a Stormwater Site Plan and TIR, the City shall require the Applicant or Owner to execute a Maintenance Covenant and a Flow Control BMP Covenant.

4.6.3 Maintenance Responsibility

The property owner or any other person or agent in control of the property on which work has been done pursuant to FWRC Chapter 16 for storm drainage systems shall maintain in good condition, and promptly repair and restore, all grade surfaces, walls, drains, berms and structures, vegetation, erosion and sediment control measures, and other protective devices. Such repair or restorations, and maintenance shall be in accord with the approved plans. This is required for all projects, whether the stormwater facilities remain under private ownership or are transferred the City for ownership and maintenance.

An operation and maintenance schedule shall be developed for any storm drainage and treatment system that states the required maintenance to be performed, the equipment and skill level necessary to perform the maintenance and the required frequency of maintenance. The operation and maintenance shall be included in the Stormwater Site plan and TIR. The operation and maintenance schedule shall comply with the Maintenance Covenant and a Flow Control BMP Covenant. The ongoing maintenance and operation of privately owned stormwater facilities shall be the responsibility of the property owner. Furthermore the property owner shall, in accordance with the maintenance and operation schedule, record and log maintenance performed and the date performed. Operation and maintenance records shall be retained by the property owner for a minimum of three years and shall be available to the City for inspection at all reasonable times. The City will be responsible for the maintenance and operation of all public storm drainage facilities located within public right-of-way, easements and tracts following the completion of the two-year warranty period.

4.6.4 Single Family Residential – Short Plat

A. Plan Review Phase – Plans shall include provisions for maintenance in perpetuity of the privately owned stormwater facilities by the property owner(s). This shall be documented in the Stormwater Site plan and TIR.

B. Construction Phase – The property owner(s) shall be responsible for maintaining onsite

private and potentially impacted offsite stormwater facilities in functioning condition both during and after construction. The City shall not assume maintenance responsibility for stormwater facilities that service the short plat.

1. During construction, ponds/temporary ponds shall be maintained in functioning

condition, following the guidelines of the KCSWDM. Permanent stormwater facilities shall not be used for temporary erosion and sediment control without written approval from the City.

2. At the end of construction, the responsible party shall show proof that the operation and maintenance plan has been implemented and that the stormwater


treatment and conveyance system is fully operational before any release of the Performance and Maintenance Bond.

3. If maintenance is not done as shown in the maintenance plan, upon notice from the City the responsible party shall forfeit the bond. The City shall then utilize the bond to perform the necessary work.

C. Responsibility for Ongoing Maintenance – The Applicant/Property Owner (s) or

designee is responsible for ongoing maintenance of all privately owned stormwater facilities.

Upon transfer of maintenance responsibility from the Applicant/Property Owner to a homeowners’ association (or property owner or other agent), the association shall be responsible for ongoing maintenance of the privately owned stormwater facilities.

1. The Applicant/Property Owner shall execute and record the documentation that

creates the homeowners’ association and identifies the required maintenance responsibilities to be performed in perpetuity by the association.

2. The Applicant/Property Owner shall sign an agreement establishing responsibility and scope of work for routine minor and periodic major maintenance of private stormwater facilities in accordance with KCSWDM.

3. The maintenance agreement shall list all anticipated maintenance items and shall specify for each item whether maintenance is done by the association or a private contractor.

4. The homeowners’ association shall be responsible for routine minor actions needed to ensure operation and maintenance of private ponds, private bioswales, and other private system elements as detailed in the agreement. Maintenance activities to be performed by the homeowners association or private contractor may include, but are not limited to, dredging and managing vegetation ponds, mowing and/or revegetating swales. The work must be performed to City standards by qualified personnel.

If maintenance activities are not performed as shown in the schedule for operations and maintenance, the City will enforce compliance in accordance with FWRC Chapter 16.

4.6.5 Single Family Residential – Plat

A. Plan Review Phase – Plans shall include provisions for maintenance of the stormwater

facilities. This shall be documented in the Stormwater Site plan and TIR.

1. In general, ownership of the facilities servicing residential development will be transferred to the City. In the event that a stormwater facility serving a residential development is to remain privately-owned, the articles of incorporation of the Plat must provide for a homeowners’ association. This association must then be vested with the authority to maintain the private stormwater facilities, to assess the homeowners to pay for this maintenance, and to enter into agreements with the City regarding maintenance responsibilities.

2. The Developer/Owner shall execute a maintenance covenant with the City for projects that include stormwater facilities.

3. Plans must include easements allowing maintenance access to private stormwater facilities by the City.


B. Construction Phase – The Applicant/Property Owner(s) shall be responsible for maintaining onsite private and potentially impacted offsite stormwater facilities in functioning condition during construction until full responsibility is assumed by the City of Federal Way.



2. At the end of construction, the responsible party shall show proof that the operation and maintenance plan has been implemented and that the stormwater treatment and conveyance system is fully operational before any additional permits for site activity are issued.


4. The Applicant/Property Owner or designee is responsible for maintenance until the maintenance period is complete, the stormwater facilities are accepted by the City, and the City releases the bond.


designee is responsible for ongoing maintenance of stormwater facilities for two years following project acceptance by the City.

4.6.6 Commercial/Multifamily/Industrial

A. Plan Review Phase – Plans shall include provisions for maintenance in perpetuity of the privately owned stormwater facilities by the property owner(s). This shall be documented in the Stormwater Site plan and TIR.

B. Construction Phase – The Applicant/Property Owner(s) shall be responsible for

maintaining onsite private and potentially impacted offsite stormwater facilities in functioning condition both during and after construction. The City shall not assume maintenance responsibility for stormwater facilities service the short plat.



2. At the end of construction, the responsible party shall show proof that the operation and maintenance plan has been implemented and that the stormwater treatment and conveyance system is fully operational before any release of the Performance and Maintenance Bond.



designee is responsible for ongoing maintenance of all privately owned stormwater facilities.


Upon transfer of maintenance responsibility from the Applicant/Property Owner to a homeowners’ association (or property owner or other agent), the association shall be responsible for ongoing maintenance of the privately owned stormwater facilities.

1. The Applicant/Property Owner shall execute and record the documentation that

creates the homeowners’ association and identifies the required maintenance responsibilities to be performed in perpetuity by the association.

2. The Applicant/Property Owner shall sign an agreement establishing responsibility and scope of work for routine minor and periodic major maintenance of private stormwater facilities in accordance with KCSWDM.

3. The maintenance agreement shall list all anticipated maintenance items and shall specify for each item whether maintenance is done by the association or a private contractor.

4. The homeowners’ association shall be responsible for routine minor actions needed to ensure operation and maintenance of private ponds, private bioswales, and other private system elements as detailed in the agreement. Maintenance activities to be performed by the homeowners association or private contractor may include, but are not limited to, dredging and managing vegetation ponds, mowing and/or revegetating swales. The work must be performed to City standards by qualified personnel.

If maintenance activities are not performed as shown in the schedule for operations and maintenance, the City will enforce compliance in accordance with FWRC Chapter 16.

4.7 STORMWATER CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION AND REPORTS

4.7.1 Inspection Schedule and Reports

The Public Works Director or designee shall conduct inspections and file reports for periodic inspections necessary during construction of stormwater facilities to ensure compliance with the approved plans. A minimum of four ESC inspections are required through the permitted construction project. These inspections are:

• Onsite Preconstruction Meeting • Initial Erosion Control Inspection • Interim Erosion Control Inspection • Final ESC Inspection

A. Onsite Preconstruction Meeting – No work shall proceed until the City inspector and

the site contractor have met onsite to review and agree and approves the work previously completed and files the inspection report.

B. Initial Erosion Control Inspection – Once the erosion and sediment control has been

installed, the Applicant/Property Owner shall notify the City to verify installation. The Applicant/Property Owner shall notify the City when the project is ready for final inspection. Any portion of the work which does not comply shall be promptly corrected by the Applicant/Property Owner, after notice from the City. The notice shall set forth the nature of corrections required and the time within which the corrections will be made.


4.7.2 Interim Inspection Requirements

After commencing initial site operations, regular inspections shall be made at specific stages of construction as follows:

A. Water quality BMP’s, such as open vegetated swales upon completion of construction.

However, any underground portion of the facility, such as perforated underdrain under a shallow-slope biofiltration swale, shall be inspected prior to placement of backfill.

B. LID facilities at the following stages. However due to variations in LID practices, LID facility inspections shall be determined by the Public Works Director or designee based on specific LID facility proposed. 1. Prior to site clearing, the site shall be inspected to confirm that areas to be

disturbed for dispersion are flagged. 2. LID practices relying on infiltration shall be inspected at stages similar to retention

facilities. 3. LID practices incorporating piping or structures shall be inspected at stages similar

to detention facilities. 4. For LID practices relying on amended or imported soils, soil sample shall be

submitted to the Public Works Director or designee for review prior to brining the soil to the site.

C. Retention facilities at the following stages: 1. Initial basin excavation to determine that facility has been excavated to within 1-

foot of final elevation of the basin floor and that inlet and overflow structures have been constructed in accordance with approved plans.

2. After all disturbed areas in the up gradient project drainage area have been permanently stabilized; the facility shall be inspected again to determine that it has been constructed to final grade.

3. Prior to placing the facility on-line, the facility shall be inspected to verify the specified vegetation has been installed, any accumulated sediment has been removed, and that the upstream pre-treatment system has been installed, cleaned and is functioning.

4. Periodic inspection to determine access to the facility has been restricted to equipment that may impact the function of the facility. Light-tracked equipment, draglines, trackhoes are recommended for infiltration facility construction to avoid compaction of the basin floor. The infiltration area should be flagged or marked to keep heavy equipment away.

D. Detention facilities at the following stages: 1. Upon completion of excavation of sub-foundation and where required, installation

of structural supports or reinforced structures, including but not limited to: • Core trenches for structural embankments; • Inlet-outlet structures and anti-seep structures, watertight connectors on

pipes; • Trenches for enclosed storm drainage facilities.

2. During placement of structural fill, concrete and installation of piping and catch basins;

3. During backfill of foundations and trenches; 4. During embankment construction; and 5. Upon completion of final grading and establishment of permanent stabilization.


4.7.3 Final ESC Inspection

Final inspection shall be conducted by the City per the request of the Applicant/Property Owner upon completion of all elements of the Stormwater Site Plan and TIR to determine if the completed work was constructed in accordance with the approved plans and these development standards. Final inspection procedures shall be as outlined in Section 2.1.13 of these Standards.

4.7.4 Inspections Following Project Acceptance

The City will conduct routine inspections of all stormwater facilities during the two-year maintenance period. If repair or maintenance is needed, the Applicant/Property Owner shall be notified.

A. If needed work is not completed within the specified time period, the responsible

party may be subject to City enforcement action, or the City may contact the bonding company to complete the necessary work.

B. In case of flooding or pollution emergency, the City will do the necessary work without notification and bill the Applicant/Property Owner.

Documents

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT Development Standards