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Public Private Partnership for Rural Water Supply: Experiences from
Zimbabwe
Authors:
• Tameez Ahmad
• Victor Kinyanjui
• Maxwell Jonga
• Hasios Ronald Mashingaidze
PPP for O&M of Water Supplies
Implementing Partners GoZ- Overall management
10 NGOS (3 NNGOs & 7 INGOs)
FROM GOVERNMENT MANAGED TO CBM SYSTEMS
• 1980 – 2000 -3 tier maintenance system by GoZ Dependency syndrome
Lack of community ownership
Sustainability compromised.
• 2000 -2009 Economic downturn Government support seizing collapse of 3 tier maintenance system decreased access to water supply –
• 2012 – GoZ Policy re-affirms CBM concept
WHY PPPs?
To address a complex set of water supplies O&M system operational challenges
Lack of a sustainable O&M strategy to address the high hand pump breakdown rates of 40%
Weak WASH inputs supply chains.
RDCs’ institutional weakness to handle the O&M supply chain
Weak community self-reliance systems in O&M
PPP OBJECTIVES
Leverage private sector capital to fund O&M costs
and increase sustainability.
Unlocking a range of private sector skills.
Leverage PPPs business planning practice dependent
on feasibility and strategic responsibility alignment.
Allocate risks to the party best able to manage
them”-CB Private Partners.
Linking payment to quality of services provided. Promote CB demand & ability to pay for O&M stimulates WASH market growth
- WASH commodities and inputs stocking by local retailers
PPP Models
Stakeholder Mobilisation and Conscientisation
Community and stakeholders: awareness on O&M challenges, CBM
concept and role of private sector
Local Private Sector: sensitisation on WASH business potentials, and
involvement in WASH coordination and management structures at
different levels
Government: reorientation of structures and officials
Demand Creation/WASH Inputs Market Development Strategies.
Formation of District PPP Task Forces.
Revitalization/establishment of Water Point Committees.
Training and equipping of Village Pump Mechanics.
Market size estimation and reporting. Establishment of RWIMS.
PPP Models (Cont’d)
Resource Mobilisation and Funding Procurement of O&M inputs
Mobilisation of funds at WP level through the Water Point Fund.
Negotiations by IPs with local retailers & wholesalers to stock WASH commodities.
Capacity building of Community Based Structures for O&M.
Improving the Enabling Regulatory Framework
RDC resolutions on community based O&M.
MOUs between RDC & Pvt sector on spares.
Main Results
Achievements
Paradigm shift from
heavily subsidized O&M
to community based O&M
system. (10,338 WPCs,
and 2,560 VPMs trained at
local level in 33 districts.
Development of National
WASH PPP Framework
Reduction in O&M Fees
Reduction in Water Point
Downtime
Increased Product and
Market Knowledge
Challenges
MoUs not legally binding.
Lack of ready market for local water point O&M retailers to offload proceeds from spares sold in kind.
WP O&M spares are “slow moving commodities”
No regularly updated spares market database.
Continued supply of free WASH related inputs
Infrequent BH b/down & low VPM-WP ratios
No financial support extended to the local retailers
Lessons Learned
Communities willing to embrace new approaches and make
significant contributions if convinced of long term benefit of
proposed interventions irrespective of poverty.
No quick fixes for introduction of WASH sector PPP
approaches.
Transparent and effective rigorous monitoring systems
involving systematic sharing of progress on monthly basis
with all stakeholders increase accountability and
performance.
Implementation of the project through government structures
created an enabling environment with increased capacity - a
key factor for sustainability of the WASH PPP replication
beyond the RWP life.