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Public Affairs Index (PAI) A Closer look at Andhra Pradesh
NOTE: All the data and rankings presented in PAI represent the
united Andhra Pradesh (before the bifurcation)
Contents of the Presentation
• About us
• What is the need to measure governance?
• What is PAI?
• Results
• Where does Andhra Pradesh stand?
• Some insights
JM Keynes
• “The political problem of mankind is to combine three things: economic efficiency, social justice and individual liberty.”
• JM Keynes, Essays in Persuasion 1931
INDIA: complex governance
• Prime Minister’s call for maximising governance and minimising government
• List I, II and III of the Constitution and state’s responsibilities
• Ideological differences of political parties
• State aspirations may differ from national goals.
• The dilemma is to find a comprehensive set of matrixes for inter-state comparison.
10 Broad Themes
Human Development Infrastructure
Transparency and Accountability
Social Protection
Women and Children
Fiscal Management
Governance
Law and Order Economic Freedom
Environment
Delivery of Justice
25 Focus subjects
Power
Water
Roads & Communication
Housing
Education
Health
Women
Children
Violent crimes
.
Policing
Atrocities.
Pendency of cases
Vacancies in judiciary
PDS
Pensions
Minority welfare
Fiscal management
Development expenditure
.
Pollution
Environmental violations
Forest cover
Renewable energy
Transparency
Accountability
Economic freedom
Some examples of the 68 indicators Covering 10
themes And 25 focus
subjects Comprehensive list of variables
Per Capita Consumption of Power
Households electrified as a % of total
% of Households with safe water
Total Irrigated Area vs Agricultural Area
T&D losses
Water Regulatory Commission
Ground Water Regulation Act
Surface Roads as a % total Roads
Road Density per 1000 sq. KM
% of households with Cellphone
No. of Pakka Houses as a % of total
Slum as a % of total population
% of households with toilets inside premsises
Allocation and offtake of grain under food
security act
% of Pension beneficiaries of the total
above 60 population
% of Households with no land
Incidence of crime against SC/ST
No. of Minority Children given pre metric
scholarship
Unemployment Rate
% of Manual Casual Labour
Crime against Children
Percentage of Child Labour
% of Beneficiaries under ICDS
Child Sex Ratio
% of Malnoutrished children
Women Working Population ratio
Utilization of Janani Suraksha Yojna Funds
Male Female Literacy Gap
Adherance to Section 4 RTI
RTPS act legislated or not
No. of Services provided under E
Governance plan
Lok Ayukt: Constiuted/Bill Passes,
Existence of Individual Sites and
Chairperson appointed
No. of ACB cases Disposed as a % of total
Social Audit under NREGA: % of GP's
covered
Panchayat Devolution Index Score
Fiscal Surplus (% of GSDP)
Debt Burden (% of GSDP)
Per Capita Development Expenditure
States own tax revenue growth
No. of Industrial Entrepreneurs
Memorandum filed
Ease of Doing Business
Value of MSME's assets (% of GSDP)
PAI: a comprehensive matrix PAI is based on government data in public domain. Covers outcomes, institutions and processes 68 indicators covering the gamut of Government activities.
Methodology (contd)
• A three stage aggregation technique has been used in the study.
• Formula Used at indicator level = Value-Maximum/Maximum-Minimum
• This formula compresses the data of every variable into a scale of 0 to 1, where 0 indicates the worst and 1 indicates the best performer.
• Previous Use of this formula in Literature –Bibek Debroy’s Economic Freedom Index and Raghuram Rajan’s report to Finance Ministry 2013
• Before indexing/scoring each variable is standardised by either using population/GDP based on the variable.
Indicator Level: Formula based
Indexing/Scoring
Subject Level: Subjective Weighted
Aggregation
Theme Level: Equal Weightage
Average
An example: water. values of 2 indicators
Name of the State
% of Households
with access to drinking water
Index/Score - Drinking
Water
% of Net Irrigated Land to Cultivable Land
Index/Score - Irrigated Land
Overall Water Index Rank
Weightage 0.6 0.4 Minimum 69.9 5.57
Maximum 95 64.70
Arunachal Pradesh 78.6 0.347 22.44 0.285 0.322 5
Assam 69.9 0.000 5.57 0.000 0.000 6
Bihar 94 0.960 49.41 0.741 0.873 2 Chhattisga
rh 86.3 0.653 28.60 0.390 0.548 3
Delhi 95 1.000 64.71 1.000 1.000 1
Goa 85.7 0.629 28.47 0.387 0.533 4
Why is PAI different ?
• Mix of development outcomes and governance processes
• 68 comprehensive indicators covering all representative aspects of the role of government
• Measures processes; evaluates institutions
• Sentiment analysis
• New variables discovered
• Reflects current status and movement over three years
• Product release in report form and online platform.
• www.pai.pacindia.org
How does Andhra Pradesh perform in the 10 themes?
PAI Score: Andhra Pradesh
Name of the theme Index value Rank
Essential Infrastructure 0.656 4
Support to Human Development 0.549 5
Social Protection 0.389 14
Women and Children 0.589 4
Crime, Law & Order 0.603 7
Delivery of Justice 0.421 9
Transparency & Accountability 0.445 15
Environment 0.475 8
Fiscal Management 0.331 17
Economic Freedom 0.532 3
Overall PAI Score 0.499 8
Theme 1: Essential Infrastructure
Essential Infrastructure
Power Water
Roads
&
Communication
Housing
AP- Rank 7 Top States – Delhi,
Goa AP- Rank 1
AP- Rank 10 Top States –
Haryana, Punjab
AP- Rank 5 Top States –
Kerala, Punjab
Andhra Pradesh positioned at Rank 4, with Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat on the top
Theme 2: Support to Human Development
Support to Human Development
Health Education
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 7
States above AP – West Bengal and
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 4
States above AP– Punjab, Haryana
Andhra Pradesh positioned at rank 5 with Karnataka and Tamil Nadu placed above
Theme 3: Social Protection
Social Protection
Public Distribution
System
Minority Welfare
Social Justice Employment
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 11
Top States – Kerala, Rajasthan
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 9
Andhra Pradesh- Ranks at the
bottom (Rank 17)
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 12
Above Odisha, West Bengal
Andhra Pradesh is ranked 14
Theme 4: Women & Children
Children & Women
Children Women
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 6
Top States – Assam, West
Bengal
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 4
Above Karnataka, Gujarat
Andhra Pradesh finishes at rank 4, with Assam and Tamil Nadu above
Theme 5: Crime, Law & Order
Crime, Law & Order
Crimes Atrocities Policing
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 8
Top States – Tamil Nadu, Kerala
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 15
Andhra Pradesh- Rank 3
Top States – Punjab,
Chattisgarh
Andhra Pradesh finishes at Rank 7
Theme 6: Delivery of Justice
Delivery of Justice
Pendency of Cases
Vacancy of Judges
AP- Rank 14 AP – Rank 5
Andhra Pradesh placed at rank 9 with Kerala and Tamil Nadu on top of the table
Theme 7: Transparency & Accountability
Transparency & Accountability
Transparency Public
Accountability
AP- Rank 12 AP- Rank 16
Andhra Pradesh stands at rank 15, with Kerala and Karnataka on top
Theme 8: Environment
Environment
Pollution & Environmental
Violation
Renewable Energy
Forest Cover
AP- Rank 4 AP- Rank 7 AP- Rank 17
Andhra Pradesh is placed at 8th position, with Tamil Nadu and Karnataka topping the list
Theme 9: Fiscal Management
Fiscal Management
FRBM Indicators Resource Generation
& Development Expenditure
AP- Rank 17
AP- Rank 16 Top States –
Chhattisgarh, Bihar
Andhra Pradesh placed at rank 17, where Uttar Pradesh and Assam top the table
Theme 10: Economic Freedom
Economic Freedom
No. of IEM filed Ease of doing
business MSME assets
AP- Rank 3
AP- Rank 2
AP- Rank 12 Top States-
Gujarat, Punjab
AP had achieved rank 3 with Gujarat and Maharashtra at 1 and 2 respectively
Sentiment Analysis
• Over the globe, sentiment analysis is picking up as an important tool for policymaking and politics. One chapter is dedicated to this in PAI.
• Over 10 Lakh Newspaper articles and 7 Lakh tweets were analysed to gauge the sentiment of the common man towards each state.
• Andhra Pradesh stood at 3rd position among large states, with Kerala topping the table
• A positive correlation between PAI and Sentiment scores
Conclusion
• Overall AP scores a rank of 8 among large states with an index of 0.4991
• Next year, we can segregate AP from Telengana
• Sub-state studies can be carried out (district level comparative studies)