Pub. 132 Eastern Mediterranean 12ed 2008

8/2/2019 Pub. 132 Eastern Mediterranean 12ed 2008

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PUB.

(ENROUTE)SAILING DIRECTIONS

2008

132

EASTERNMEDITERRANEAN

Prepared and published by the

NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

Bethesda, Maryland

COPYRIGHT 2008 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENTNO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C.

TWELFTH EDITION

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001
http://bookstore.gpo.gov/http://bookstore.gpo.gov/


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Pub. 132 III

Preface

0.0 Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediter-ranean, Twelfth Edition, 2008, is issued for use in conjunc-tionwith Pub. 140, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) NorthAtlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the MediterraneanSea. The companion volume is Pub. 131.0.0 Digital Nautical Charts 9 and 10 provide electronic chartcoverage for the area covered by this publication.0.0 This publication has been corrected to 28 June 2008, includ-ing Notice to Mariners No. 26 of 2008.

Explanatory Remarks

0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), under the authority of Departmentof Defense Directive 5105.40, dated 12 December 1988, andpursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10,Sections 2791 and 2792 and Title 44, Section 1336. SailingDirections, covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of theworld, provide information that cannot be shown graphicallyon nautical charts and is not readily available elsewhere.0.0 Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal and

port approach information which supplements the largest scalechart produced by the National Geospatial-IntelligenceAgency. This publication is divided into geographic areascalled Sectors.0.0 Bearings.Bearings are true, and are expressed in degreesfrom 000 (north) to 360, measured clockwise. Generalbearings are expressed by initial letters of points of the com-pass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endingshave been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are intendeddegrees are used.0.0 Charts.Reference to charts made throughout this publi-cation refer to both the paper chart and the Digital NauticalChart (DNC).0.0 Coastal Features.It is assumed that the majority of ships

have radar. Available coastal descriptions and views, useful forradar and visual piloting are included in geographic sequencein each Sector.0.0 Corrective Information.Users should refer corrections,additions, and comments to NGAs Maritime Operations Desk,as follows:0.0 1. Toll free: 1-800-362-62890.0 2. Commercial: 301-227-31470.0 3. DSN: 287-31470.0 4. DNC web site: http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/dnc0.0 5. Maritime Do-0.0 main web site: http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/mari0.0 time0.0 6. E-mail: [email protected] 7. Mailing address: Maritime Domain0.0 National Geospatial-Intelligence0.0 Agency

Mail Stop D-440.0 4600 Sangamore Road0.0 Bethesda MD 20816-50030.0 New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through thedate of the publication shown above. Important information toamend material in the publication is available as a PublicationDigital Update (PDU) from the NGA Maritime Domain web-site.

0.0NGA Maritime Domain Websitehttp://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime

0.0

0.0 Courses.Courses are true, and are expressed in the samemanner as bearings. The directives steer and make good acourse mean, without exception, to proceed from a point oforigin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as the

designated course. Vessels following the directives must allowfor every influence tending to cause deviation from such track,and navigate so that the designated course is continuouslybeing made good.0.0 Currents.Current directions are the true directions towardwhich currents set.0.0 Dangers.As a rule outer dangers are fully described, butinner dangers which are well-charted are, for the most part,omitted. Numerous offshore dangers, grouped together, arementioned only in general terms. Dangers adjacent to a coastalpassage or fairway are described.0.0 Distances.Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressedin meters, or tenths of miles.0.0 Geographic Names.Geographic names are generallythose used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in paren-theses following another name are alternate names that mayappear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quotedonly in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks,such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related tospecific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in theinterest of typographical simplicity. Geographic names or theirspellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the politicalstatus of an area by the United States Government.0.0 Heights.Heights are referred to the plane of referenceused for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters.0.0 Index-Gazetteer.Navigational features and place-namesare listed alphabetically in the back of the book. The approxi-

mate position, along with the Sector and paragraph numbers(e.g. 1.1), facilitate location in the text.0.0 Internet Links.This publication provides internet links toweb sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, includ-ing but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hy-drographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities.NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning theaccuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of the websites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and omis-sions of these web sites.0.0 Light and Fog Signals.Lights and fog signals are not de-scribed, and light sectors are not usually defined. The LightLists should be consulted for complete information.0.0 Ports.Directions for entering ports are depicted whereappropriate by means of chartlets, sketches, and photos, whichfacilitate positive identification of landmarks and navigationalaids. These chartlets and sketches are not always to scale, how-ever, and should be used only as a general informational guidein conjunction with the best scale chart. Specific port facilitiesare omitted from the standard format. They are tabulated inPub. 150, World Port Index.0.0 Radio Navigational Aids.Radio navigational aids are notdescribed in detail. Publication No. 117 Radio NavigationalAids and NOAA Publication, Selected Worldwide MarineBroadcasts, should be consulted.
http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/dnchttp://www.nga.mil/portal/site/marimailto:[email protected]://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritimehttp://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritimemailto:[email protected]://www.nga.mil/portal/site/marihttp://www.nga.mil/portal/site/dnc


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0.0 Soundings.Soundings are referred to the datum of thecharts and are expressed in meters.0.0 Special Warnings.A Special Warning may be in force forthe geographic area covered by this publication. SpecialWarnings are printed in the weekly Notice to Mariners uponpromulgation and are reprinted annually in Notice to MarinersNo. 1. A listing of Special Warnings currently in force is

printed in each weekly Notice to Mariners, Section III, Broad-cast Warnings, along with the notice number of promulgation.Special Warnings are also available on the Maritime Divisionwebsite.0.0 Wind Directions.Wind directions are the true directionsfrom which winds blow.

Reference List

0.0 The principal sources examined in the preparation of thispublication were:

0.0 British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions.0.0 Croatian Sailing Directions0.0 French Sailing Directions.0.0 Greek Sailing Directions0.0 Various port handbooks.0.0 Reports from United States naval and merchant vessels andvarious shipping companies.0.0

Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and docu-ments.0.0 Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other docu-ments in possession of the Agency.0.0 Internet Web sites, as follows:

1. Aksaz, Port ofhttp://www.aksaz.com

2. Ashdod, Port ofhttp://www.ashdodport.org.il

3. Holiday Suites Hotel and Resorthttp://HolidaySuites.com

4. Tripoli, Port ofhttp://tripoli-city.org
http://www.aksaz.com/http://www.ashdodport.org.il/http://holidaysuites.com/http://tripoli-city.org/http://tripoli-city.org/http://holidaysuites.com/http://www.ashdodport.org.il/http://www.aksaz.com/


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Pub. 132 V

Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIIChartletSector Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIIConversion Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIIISailing Directions Information and Suggestion Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIIAbbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI

Sector 1

Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Sector 2

Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Sector 3

Israel, Lebanon, and Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Sector 4

Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Sector 5

TurkeySouth CoastKassab Bay to Alobi Burnu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Sector 6

Rodhos (Rhodes), Nisos Karpathos, and Kriti (Crete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Sector 7

GreeceWest Coast and Dhiorix Korinthou (Corinth Canal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Sector 8

GreeceWest Coast and AlbaniaNisos Oxia to Kep I Kefali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Sector 9

Albania, Montenegro, and CroatiaKep I Kefali to Rt Bat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Sector 10

Croatia and Bosnia-HerzegovinaRt Bat to Rt Movar and Off-lying Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Sector 11

CroatiaRt Movar to Rt Marlera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Sector 12GreeceAkra Tainaron to Akra Skillaion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Sector 13

GreeceSaronikos Kolpos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Sector 14

GreeceKikladhes Nisoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
http://tripoli-city.org/http://tripoli-city.org/http://tripoli-city.org/


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Contents

Sector 15

GreeceChannels West of Nisos Evvoia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Sector 16

GreeceNisoi Vorioi Sporadhes and Pagasitikos Kolpos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Sector 17

GreeceThermaikos Kolpos to Alexandroupolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Sector 18

GreeceDhodhekanisos and the Southwest Coast of Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Sector 19

TurkeyWest CoastSamos Strait to Izmir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Sector 20

The Dardanelles Approach and the Adjacent Coast and Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239


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Conversion Tables

Feet to Meters

Feet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74

10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79

20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84

30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89 40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93

50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98

60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03

70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08

80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13

90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17

Fathoms to Meters

Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46

10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75

20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.0330 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32

40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61

50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07 107.90

60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.04 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19

70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47

80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76

90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05

Meters to Feet

Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53

10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34

20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14

30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95

40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76

50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57

60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38

70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19

80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99

90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80

Meters to Fathoms

Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92

10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39 20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86

30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.04 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33

40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79

50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26

60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73

70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20

80 43.74 44.29 44.84 45.38 45.93 46.48 47.03 47.57 48.12 48.67

90 49.21 49.76 50.31 50.85 51.40 51.95 52.49 53.04 53.59 54.13


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Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

Units

C degree(s) Centigrade km kilometer(s)

cm centimeter(s) m meter(s)

cu.m. cubic meter(s) mb millibars

dwt deadweight tons MHz megahertz

FEU forty-foot equivalent units mm millimeter(s)

grt gross registered tons nrt net registered tons

kHz kilohertz TEU twenty-foot equivalent units

Directions

N north S south

NNE northnortheast SSW southsouthwest

NE northeast SW southwest

ENE eastnortheast WSW westsouthwest

E east W west

ESE eastsoutheast WNW westnorthwest

SE southeast NW northwest

SSE southsoutheast NNW northnorthwest

Vessel types

LASH Lighter Aboard Ship ro-ro Roll-on Roll-off

LNG Liquified Natural Gas ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier

LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier

OBO Ore/Bulk/Oil

Time

ETA estimated time of arrival GMT Greenwich Mean Time

ETD estimated time of departure UTC Coordinated Universal Time

Water level

MSL mean sea level LWS low water springs

HW high water MHWN mean high water neaps

LW low water MHWS mean high water springs

MHW mean high water MLWN mean low water neapsMLW mean low water MLWS mean low water springs

HWN high water neaps HAT highest astronomical tide

HWS high water springs LAT lowest astronomical tide

LWN low water neaps

Communications

D/F direction finder MF medium frequency

R/T radiotelephone HF high frequency

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System VHF very high frequency

LF low frequency UHF ultra high frequency

Navigation

LANBY Large Automatic Navigation Buoy SPM Single Point Mooring

NAVSAT Navigation Satellite TSS Traffic Separation SchemeODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System VTC Vessel Traffic Center

SBM Single Buoy Mooring VTS Vessel Traffic Service

Miscellaneous

COLREGS Collision Regulations

IALA International Association of Lighthouse

Authorities

No./Nos.

PA

Number/Numbers

Position approximate

IHO International Hydrographic Office PD Position doubtful

IMO International Maritime Organization Pub. Publication

loa length overall St./Ste. Saint/Sainte


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Pub.132

1.Libya

1.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Dis

SECTOR 1 CHART INFORMATION


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Pub. 132

SECTOR 1

LIBYA

1.0 Plan.This sector describes the coast of Libya. The de-

scriptive sequence is W to E from the border with Tunisia tothe border with Egypt.

General Remarks

1.1 The greater part of this stretch of coast is only chartedat small scale and inshore obstructions are shown only sym-bolically, with many of then remaining uncharted. From RasAjdir, the coast extends E for 860 miles to the border with theArab Republic of Egypt. Important ports along this coastinclude Tarabulus, Banghazi, and Tubruq.1.1 Regulations.See Pub. 140, Sailing Directions (PlanningGuide) North Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, North Sea, and theMediterranean Sea for information concerning special regula-tions for Libyan waters.1.1 The following are declared prohibited areas:

1. Zone AAn area bound by lines joining the follow-ing positions:

a. 3252.8'N., 1324.5'E.b. 3257.7'N., 1324.5'E.c. 3257.7'N., 1318.0'E.d. 3253.8'N., 1322.3'E.

2. Zone BAn area bound by lines joining the follow-ing positions:

a. 3253.7'N., 1320.6'E.b. 3255.9'N., 1318.0'E.c. 3255.9'N., 1315.0'E.d. 3254.5'N., 1315.0'E.

3. Zone CAn area bound by lines joining the follow-ing positions:

a. 3109.0'N., 1942.0'E.b. 3109.0'N., 1919.0'E.c. 3156.0'N., 1942.0'E.d. 3156.0'N., 1919.0'E.

4. Zone DAn area bound by lines joining the follow-ing positions:

a. 3258.0'N., 1306.0'E.b. 3253.0'N., 1306.0'E.c. 3258.0'N., 1248.0'E.d. 3252.0'N., 1244.0'E.

1.1 Caution.Tunny nets may extend up to 6 miles offshore

from many of the fishing harbors along the coast and constitutea hazard. A detailed description of these nets is given in Pub.140, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) North AtlanticOcean, Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.1.1 Submarines exercise off the coasts described within this sector.1.1 Libyan authorities have established cable protection zonesaround many submarine cables. Damaging a submarine cableis likely to result in heavy penalties.1.1 During the winter, vessels anchoring in the roadsteads offthe coast of Libya and working cargo by day are advised toanchor farther out for the night as at that time of year there arefrequent strong winds and occasional NW gales.

1.1 Special Warnings are in effect for vessels calling at Libyan

ports. See Notice to Mariners No. 1 for details.

Ras Ajdir to Tarabulus

1.2 Ras Ajdir (3310'N., 1134'E.) is a low and incon-spicuous point marked by a beacon. The boundary betweenLibya and Tunisia is situated in its vicinity.1.2 The current from Ras Ajdir to Zuwarah is strong and sets SEclose inshore.1.2 Ras at Talijah (3307'N., 1141'E.), located 8 miles SE ofRas Ajdir, is the NW extremity of a low and narrow peninsulawhich forms the only unusual feature along this coast. Shoalsextend up to 6 miles E and N from both of the above points andsome are visible in clear weather. A light is shown from abuilding situated 2 miles ESE of Ras at Talijah.

1.3 Abu Kammash Industrial Complex (3304'N.,1149'E.) is situated 7 miles SE of Ras at Talijah. A jetty, suit-able for coasters, extends 0.4 mile N from the shore frontingthe complex and has a depth of 6.7m at its head.

1.3 The complex can be easily identified from seaward by twowhite tanks, one larger than the other, and by two marabouts

standing on a hill, 21m high, 1 mile E.1.3 A fairway channel, dredged to a depth of 7.9m over a widthof 150m and marked by buoys which are liable to be washedaway, extends about 1.8 miles SW from the fairway to a turn-ing basin off the jetty.1.3 Pilotage is compulsory and is provided by Zuwarah. Re-quests for pilots should be addressed to Zuwarah, which can becontacted by telephone (218-25-225305). The pilot boards asdirected by Zuwarah.1.3 The complex monitors VHF channels 8, 12, and 16.

1.4 Bouri Oil Field (3354'N., 1239'E.), consisting oftwo production platforms and an offshore loading platform(SPM), lies about 70 miles NE of Ras at Talijah. All vessels

waiting to load should remain 2 miles S of the SPM. A storagetanker is moored to the SPM and vessels up to 150,000 dwtmay load alongside it. Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels.An ETA message should be sent 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24hours in advance to AGIP Oil Tripoli. Changes to the ETA ofmore than 12 hours should be reported immediately. The pilotsand terminal are available on VHF channels 6, 16, and 70. Thepilot boards in the waiting area 2 miles S of the storage tanker.Racons are situated at all the platforms.

1.5 Zuwarah Marina (3256'N., 1207'E.) (World PortIndex No. 45350), a village, lies 24 miles SE of Ras at Talijah

Port of Abu Kammash Home Page

http://www.gcci.ly
http://www.gcci.ly/http://www.gcci.ly/


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Pub. 132

and is fronted by a small harbor. This harbor has depths of 4 to5m and is formed by two moles. Shoals and irregular depths liein the approaches and it is only entered by small vessels withlocal knowledge. A light is shown from a framework structurestanding on a peninsula close W of the harbor.

1.5

The town of Zuwarah stands 1.5 miles NW of the harbor andcan be identified by a palm oasis and three conspicuous watertowers. Anchorage is available in an area, 1 mile in radius,centered about 3 miles NE of the light. A dangerous wreck liesabout 4.5 miles N of the harbor.1.5 Marsa Zuwaghah, a small indentation, lies 18 miles ESE ofZuwarah and is mostly used by fishing vessels. Fish canneries,painted white, and four conspicuous chimneys stand on theshore. Marsa Sabrathah, another small indentation, lies 2 milesE of Marsa Zuwaghah and is used by fishing vessels and smallcraft. The ruins of a prominent amphitheater stand on theshore. Anchorage is obtainable by small vessels, in depths of 5to 7m, rocky bottom, within these two indentations.1.5 Mellitah (3252'N., 1214'E.) is a new port. Pilotage is

compulsory. Pilots an be contacted on VHF channels 16 or 72.The pilot or mooring master boards at the anchorage/waitingarea about 1 mile NW of the fairway lighted buoy.1.5 Vessels should provide an ETA at least 7 days in advance.Vessels arriving with less than a 7-day transit should providean ETA 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance.

1.6 Zawia Oil Terminal (3248'N., 1243'E.) (WorldPort Index No. 45335) lies 10 miles E of Marsa Sabrathah andfronts the shore close to the town of Sidi Nasir. A refinery, withtwo conspicuous burn-off flares and a water tank, are situatedin this vicinity. A prominent wind motor stands 1 mile E of thetown. A small jetty fronts the refinery.1.6 The offshore facilities include the following:

1. No. 1 Berth, lying 0.8 miles NNE of the jetty, consistsof an SPM (SALM) moored in a depth of 22m. Vessels up to100,000 dwt and 17m draft can be accommodated.

2. No. 2 Berth, lying 1.5 miles ENE of the jetty, consistsof a SPM (CBM) moored in a depth of 21m. Vessels up to25,000 dwt and 10m draft can be accommodated. The berthuses two stern anchors secured to mooring buoys.

3. No. 3 Berth, lying 1.2 miles NE of the jetty, consistsof an SPM (SALM) moored in a depth of 24m. Vessels up to140,000 dwt and 19m draft can be accommodated

1.6 Pilotage is compulsory from the anchorage to the berths. Theterminal can be contacted on VHF channels 16, 25, 27 and 73.and vessels should do so as soon as possible upon approaching.The pilot boards in the tanker anchorage area. Vessels awaiting

a berth should anchor, in a depth of 25m, sand over rock, about1 mile N of the loading berths. The berths are in the open seaand vessels must have their main engines ready for immediateuse at all times. Operations may be interrupted by strongwinds, particularly during the winter.

1.7 Zanzur (Janzur) (3250'N., 1304'E.), a settlement, issituated 20 miles ENE of Sidi Nasser. The white buildings andchimneys of a tuna cannery stand near the shore and are prom-inent. Two radio masts stand close to the coast, 1.5 miles ENEof Zanzur.

1.7 The coast between Zanzur and Ras el Ahmar, 6 miles ENE,is rugged and uncultivated. A prominent radio mast stands 12miles S of Ras el Ahmar.1.7 Caution.Several submarine cables, which may best beseen on the chart, extend seaward from a point on the coast, 1mile ENE of Ras el Ahmar.

Tarabulus (3254'N., 1311'E.)

World Port Index No. 45330

1.8 Tarabulus, the principal port in Libya, lies in a flatcoastal oasis. The old part of the city stands on a rocky prom-ontory and is surrounded by a wall. The harbor fronts the NEside of the city and is protected by breakwaters.1.8 WindsWeather.In winter, the prevailing winds are fromthe N and NW which occasionally attain gale force. Duringsummer, the prevailing winds are from the NE. During springand autumn, a hot dust-laden wind from the S may limit visi-bility and interrupt port operations. With a sudden squall orNW sea, entering the harbor may be difficult. Strong NWwinds are reported to raise heavy seas in the entrance.1.8 Refraction (Fata Morgana) is frequent and errors in esti-mating distances are possible. Mist or haze is common, es-pecially with winds from between the E to S, and visibilitymay be reduced. With winds from the S and SW, the coast ap-pears considerably nearer, while the opposite occurs withwinds from the E and SE.1.8 TidesCurrents.The tidal rise is slight, being only about0.5m at springs. The water level in the harbor may be raised byas much as 1m by strong N winds, or by the Marrobbio, whichconsists of a series of waves or surges.1.8 The current off the port sets SE with a rate of 0.5 to 1 knot.Because of the prevailing NE winds during the summer, a set

in the opposite direction may be experienced. A surface currentassociated with the Marrobbio may set across or through theharbor entrance. This current may be very strong and has beenreported to attain a rate of over 3 knots, causing eddies andrips. It does not set in one direction for more than 30 minutesafter which it may set strongly in the opposite direction andthen gradually dissipate.1.8 DepthsLimitations.It has been reported that the ap-proach and entrance channels are dredged to a depth of 12mover a minimum width of 150m.1.8 The harbor is divided into inner and outer parts by twomoles. Small naval bases lie in the SE corner of the outerharbor and the SE corner of the inner harbor. Several mooringbuoys are situated within the harbor.

1.8

There is 4,100m of total commercial berthing space, withdepths of 3 to 12m alongside. There are facilities for ro-ro,container, bulk, and tanker vessels. Vessels of any size up to8.3m draft can be accommodated.1.8 Aspect.From seaward, the white buildings and minarets ofthe city stand out clearly against the green of the surroundings.1.8 Spanish Mole extends 1 mile NE from the N part of the townand forms the N side of the harbor. The N breakwater extends1.1 miles NE from the NE end of Spanish Mole and then turnsSE to form the entrance. The S breakwater extends 0.6 mileNNW from the S shore of the harbor.
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1.8 A light is shown a prominent structure, 27m high, standingnear the root of the N breakwater.1.8 Conspicuous landmarks include a water tower, 30m high,standing 0.3 mile SW of the light; The Castle, with two flag-staffs, situated 0.5 mile SSE of the light; the belfry of thechurch of Santa Maria degli Angeli standing 0.4 mile S of thelight; the cathedral, with its octagonal dome and belfry, situ-ated 1 mile SE of the light; and the square tower of the HotelWaddan standing 0.9 mile SE of the light.

1.8 Ras Az Zur Reef is composed of small islets and rocks andfronts the N side of Spanish Mole and the S part of the Nbreakwater.1.8 Kaliyusha Reef (Caliuscia Bank), with a least depth of 2.7m,extends between 1.5 miles and 3.7 miles ENE of the light. Thisreef breaks in strong N winds and a dangerous wreck lies on itsE part.1.8 The approach channel, which leads S through KaliyushaReef, is marked by lighted buoys and beacons. The approachand entrance fairways are indicated by lighted ranges whichmay best be seen on the chart.1.8 A radiobeacon is situated 1.5 miles ESE of the light.1.8 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots can be contactedon VHF channels 8, 12 and 16 and board vessels about 0.5 mileN of the entrance to the approach channel. Vessels should send

an ETA 12 hours in advance.1.8 Signals.The following traffic signals may be displayed:

1. Black cone, point upPort open to vessels entering.2. Two black cones, bases togetherPort open to ves-

sels leaving.3. Three black balls, vertically disposedPort closed.4. Red flag or red flashing lightPort closed due to bad

weather.1.8 The following whistle or siren signals may be sounded with-in the port or anchorage:

1. Succession of short blastsFire alarm.2. One short blast, two long blasts, short blastPolice

required.3. One short blast, two long blastsDoctor required.

4. One long blastLighters required.5. Two long blasts Floating crane required.6. Three long blastsPilot required.7. Four long blastsTug required.

1.8 Anchorage.A designated anchorage area, the limits ofwhich are shown on the chart, lies centered 2 miles NW of thehead of the N breakwater. The holding ground in this vicinityis reported to be good.1.8 Caution.Several mined areas lie in the approaches toTarabulus and may best be seen on the chart.1.8 Sudden wind squalls, especially between October and Febru-ary, can make anchoring in the harbor very hazardous.

1.8 Due to the existence of submarine cables, a prohibited an-choring area lies E of the N breakwater and may best be seenon the chart.1.8 Construction is being carried out within the port.

Tarabulus to Khalij Surt (Gulf of Sidra)

1.9 Ras Tajura (3254'N., 1324'E.), a low point, islocated 9 miles E of the E breakwater at Tarabulus and ismarked by a light. The coast between is sandy and numerousrocks extend up to 0.5 mile offshore along the first 6 miles.1.9 A prominent group of five small oil tanks stands on the sum-mit of a low and brown cliff, 2.2 miles ENE of the SE break-water at Tarabulus. A water tower stands 0.5 mile SE of thisgroup of tanks and an aeronautical light is occasionally shownfrom it.

1.9 Ockba Ben-Nafah Airfield (Wheelus Airfield) is situated inthe vicinity of this water tank; a dark grey hangar building issituated near it. A control tower stands 0.3 mile S of the watertank and a similar water tower stands 0.8 mile E.1.9 A conspicuous tower stands 5.5 miles E of the SE break-water at Tarabulus and is situated among oil installations. Asubmarine pipeline extends 1 mile NNE from the shore front-ing this tower to an offshore tanker berth. This berth consists ofmooring buoys and lies in a depth of 16m. The approach to theberth is indicated by range beacons which may best be seen onthe chart.1.9 Caution.A restricted area, which may best be seen on thechart, lies in the vicinity of the offshore tanker berth.1.9 Mined areas, which may best be seen on the chart, front thecoast in places between Tarabulus and Ras Tajura.1.9 A prohibited area, which may best be seen on the chart,fronts the coast to the E of Tarabulus.

1.10 Ras al Hallab (3248'N., 1348'E.), marked by alight, is located miles 2 miles ESE of Ras Tajura and is formedby rocky promontory, 13m high.1.10 Trig el Gefara, a prominent disused fort, stands 1.5 milesSSE of Ras Tajura; a conspicuous wind pump is situated 3.2miles SE of it.1.10 Caution.Due to the existence of submarine cables, ananchoring and fishing prohibited area, which may best be seenon the chart, extends up to 9 miles NE from a point on thecoast, 3 miles SE of Ras Tajura.

1.11 Ras al Misann (3241'N., 1414'E.), a low and rockypoint, is located 23 miles ESE of Ras al Hallab and is fronted

by a reef. Anchorage, with good holding ground and shelteredfrom NW winds, can be taken, in depths of 5 to 7m, about 0.2mile S of the reef.1.11 Qasr Al Jifarah, a prominent building, stands 7 miles SSE ofRas al Hallab.1.11 Bintal Rock lies close offshore, 10.2 miles SE of Ras alHallab. This rock has a pointed top and is prominent from sea-ward. Sidi Abd al Ghani, a prominent marabout, stands 3.8miles SSW of Bintal Rock.1.11 A radio mast stands 3 miles S of Ras al Misann. Gasr alMisann, a massive isolated fort, is situated close SSW of themast.

TarabulisThe Castle
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1.11 Ras al Wazif(3240'N., 1415'E.) is located 2.7 miles SE ofRas al Misann. A light is shown from a tower, 19m high, stand-ing on this point. Al Khums, a small town, is situated withinRas al Wazif and is backed by hills. A prominent minaretstands 0.3 mile S of the light. The town is fronted by a smallboat harbor. Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 10m, rockybottom, about 0.4 mile E of the light.1.11 Sidi Barku, a low and conical hill, stands 2.5 miles SE of Rasal Wazif and is surmounted by a ruined fort.

1.12 Al Khums (3241'N., 1415'E.) is an artificial harborsituated on the SE side of Ras al Misann. The town is located1.5 miles SE of Ras al Wazif. The port handles motor ve-hicles, containers, and other cargo. The port is approached di-rectly from seaward. It has been reported (1999) that the coastline gives good radar ranges up to 18 miles.1.12 TidesCurrents.From Al Khums to Qasr Ahmad, thecurrent sets SW at a rate of from 0.2 to 4 knots, being influ-enced by the NW winds at the latter point. In summer, the cur-rent is weak and sets NW and N at 0.2 to 1 knot.1.12 DepthsLimitations.The controlling depth in the ap-proach is 13m. The maximum size vessel handled has been re-ported to be 14,500 dwt. The harbor consists of a basinenclosed on its NE side by a breakwater and on its SE side by amole. The harbor entrance, between the mole and the break-water, is 90m wide. Three sides of the basin are quayed. Thereis a T-shaped jetty in the S part of the harbor. It has been re-ported (1999) that there are nine berths within the harbor, withalongside depths of between 8 and 12m.1.12 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory and is available duringdaylight hours only. Pilots must be arranged in advance as thepilot is based in Tarabulus. The pilot boards either side of theanchorage or 1 mile ESE of the breakwater head.1.12 Regulations.The port is unlit; movement of vessels is

restricted to daylight hours only.1.12 Anchorage.It has been reported (1999) that vessels mayanchor between 1.5 and 3 miles E to ESE of the breakwaterhead.1.12 Directions.From the pilot boarding station, the track leadsWSW then NW towards the harbor entrance, passing SW ofthe breakwater head and NE of two special lighted buoys.

1.13 Khoms (Al Khums) Power Station (3238'N.,1420'E.) is located 1.5 miles SE of Sidi Barcu and may beeasily identified by four chimneys, each 100m high.1.13 A pier projecting 1,500m NNE from the shore fronting thepower station has a depth of 16m at its head. The berth at thehead of this pier is flanked by dolphins and fronted by mooring

buoys. It was reported (1989) that tankers with drafts up to13m can be handled.1.13 Vessels approaching the pier are required to contact Tara-bulus Port Control. A local pilot is provided from Al Khums toassist in the berthing operation which is carried out only indaylight.1.13 Sidi Muftah, a conspicuous white-domed building backed bypalms, stands 7 miles SE of Al Khums.1.13 Al Qalb (3230'N., 1434'E.), a high and conical hill, stands10.5 miles SE of Sidi Miftah. Marsa Zlitan Light is shownfrom a tower, 5m high, standing on this hill.

1.13 A conspicuous radio mast, 76m high, stands 0.7 mile S of thelight. Unsheltered and temporary anchorage can be taken, in adepth of 10m, about 0.5 mile NNE of the light.1.13 Ras al Barq (Ras Zorug) (3222'N., 1513'E.), a low androcky point, is located 34 miles ESE of Al Qalb. The coast be-tween is fronted by reefs which extend up to 0.4 mile off-shorein places; several stranded and dangerous wrecks lie along it. Alight is shown from a structure, 8m high, standing on the point.The town of Qasr Ahmad (Misurata Marina) is situated close Sof the point.

Khalij Surt (Gulf of Sidra)

1.14 Khalij Surt (3200'N., 1800'E.), an extensive gulf, isentered between Qasr Ahmad (Misurata Marina) and Ban-ghazi, about 250 miles E. Several important oil terminals aresituated on the shores of the gulf.1.14 The prevailing winds in the gulf are from the NW and NE,and they often raise heavy swells which pound the shores ofthe gulf. The ghibli, a hot and dry wind from the desert, blowsfrom the S and SE into the gulf and often carries sand and dust.This wind blows more frequently in spring and autumn, andmay last from a few hours to several days.

1.14

The prevailing current in the gulf sets SW, at a rate of 0.2 to0.7 knot, depending on the wind force from the NW or NE.During the winter, the current sets SE during the NW wind; insummer, the current sets NW.1.14 The current appears to form a clockwise gyre in the E part ofKhalij Surt, and flows S and W along the E and S shores of thegulf. It turns N when E of Surt, where it again joins the main Eflow along the Libyan coast to Egypt.

1.15 Qasr Ahmad (Misurata) (3222'N., 1513'E.) (WorldPort Index No. 45320), a small port, lies close S of Ras al Barqand is protected by breakwaters. It has facilities for dry cargo,ro-ro, container, and general cargo vessels.1.15 TidesCurrents.During the winter, the current caused

by the prevailing NW winds sets SE, at a rate of 1 to 4 knots.During the remainder of the year, the prevailing SW windcauses a NW current.1.15 DepthsLimitations.The entrance channel is about150m wide and is dredged to a depth of 13m. A turning basin,470m wide, lies close inside the entrance and is dredged to adepth of 12m. There is 1,125m of total commercial quayagewith berths of 185 to 200m long and depths of 11 to 12malongside. There are facilities for general cargo, tanker, bulk,and ro-ro vessels. Additional berths are under construction.Vessels up to 30,000 dwt and 11m draft can be handled.

SidiI Muftah Marabout
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1.15 In addition, a quay fronts a steel works which is situated 1mile SE of the main harbor. It is 350m long and has a depth of15m alongside.1.15 Aspect.The town was formerly enclosed by a wall, butonly parts of it now remain. Several prominent silos stand onthe E breakwater and some conspicuous dish aerials of a radiostation stand near the root. A prominent chimney stands at thepower station situated 3 miles SSE of the light on Ras al Barq.A prominent radio mast stands 7.6 miles WNW of the light.

1.15 The harbor should be approached from a position about 3miles E of the entrance. The fairway channel is indicated by alighted range and marked by lighted buoys.1.15 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory and is available from0800 to 2000 (except Fridays). Vessels should send an ETA 72hours, 48 hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours in advance. Pilots canbe contacted on VHF channel 12 or 16 and board about 1 mileoff harbor entrance.1.15 Anchorage.Vessels can take anchorage, in a depth of13m, about 1 mile offshore, E of the light.

1.16 Al Buayrat (3124'N., 1544'E.), a nearly desertedvillage, is situated 63 miles SE of Qasr Ahmad and can beidentified by a white fort and a white domed monument. Thecoast between is fronted by several dangerous wrecks. Shel-tered anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of 6m, about 1.2miles offshore, NE of the monument.1.16 In the vicinity of Al Buayrat, the current is influenced bythe wind. In winter, with strong NW winds, the current sets SE,at a rate of 1 to 2 knots. In summer, the current generally setsNW, at a rate of 0.2 to 0.5 knot.1.16 Surt (3113'N., 1635'E.), a small and silted harbor, lies 49miles ESE of Al Buayrat and is infrequently used. The towncan be identified by a minaret, a ruined castle, several radio

masts, and a fort, all of which are prominent from up to 10miles seaward. Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 12m,sand, about 0.7 mile offshore, NNW of the castle.1.16 A light is shown from a water tower standing close NW ofthe fort.

1.16 Ras as Sultan (3104'N., 1724'E.) is located 42 miles ESEof Surt. A reef extends up to about 1.5 miles E of this point.Small vessels can anchor, in a depth of 9m, in the lee of thepoint and the reef. A large white house is reported to stand 4.7miles SSE of the point. A prominent red sand dune stands 17miles ESE of the point.1.16 Caution.Numerous oil rigs, platforms, and associated ser-vice vessels may be encountered within about 23 miles of the

coast between Ras es Sultan and As Sidr (Es Sider), 57 milesESE.1.16

1.16 Jabal al Mudawwar (3050'N., 1743'E.), 121m high, is aflat-topped mountain which is conspicuous from seaward.1.16 Ras alUwayja (3055'N., 1752'E.) is a high, rocky, andprominent cape. A reef, with a least depth of 2.7m, extends 3.2miles ESE from this cape. Anchorage can be taken, in depthsof 9 to 14m, within the bight entered close SE of the cape.Local knowledge is required.

As Sidr (3038'N., 1822'E.)


1.17 As Sidr is an open roadstead with an offshore marineoil terminal. Several buildings and a pumping station are situ-ated near the shore and are fronted by a boat harbor which isused by terminal officials.

1.17 TidesCurrents.Tides are negligible, being only 0.3m atsprings.1.17 The currents are wind induced and are predominantly fromthe SE with occasional maximum rates of up to 2 knots.1.17 DepthsLimitations.There are four offshore loadingterminals which are connected to the pumping station by sub-marine pipelines. No. 1 Berth and No. 3 Berth consist of

several mooring buoys. No. 4 Berth and No. 5 Berth consist ofan SBM.1.17 No. 1 Berth lies 1.8 miles NE of the pumping station and canhandle vessels up to 281m in length and 15.54m draft.1.17 No. 3 Berth lies 1.8 miles NNE of the pumping station andcan handle vessels up to 290m in length and 15.54m draft.1.17 No. 4 Berth lies 2.5 miles NNE of the pumping station andcan handle vessels up to 351m in length and 19.05m draft.1.17 No. 5 Berth lies 4 miles NE of the pumping station and canhandle vessels up to 355m in length and 22.25m draft.1.17 Aspect.A conspicuous water tower, 20m high, and a con-spicuous radio tower stand in the vicinity of the pumping sta-tion.1.17 An aeronautical radiobeacon is situated 0.4 mile SSE of the

water tower; a conspicuous group of oil tanks stands 3.6 milesWSW of the water tank; and a prominent radio mast, 50m high,stands 0.3 mile NW of the oil tanks.1.17 The offshore berths are marked by lighted buoys; theapproach is indicated by a lighted range, which may best beseen on the chart.1.17 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots can be contactedon VHF channel 8 or 16 and board about 4 miles NNE of theterminal. Vessels should send an ETA 72, 24, 12, and 4 hoursin advance.1.17 It is reported that Mooring Masters board vessels in thevicinity of the anchorage area and remain on board until thevessels depart the loading berths. They advise vessels regard-ing communications, mooring, unmooring, connecting hoses,

disconnecting hoses, and all other relevant operations.1.17 Anchorage.The recommended anchorage area, whichmay best be seen on the chart, lies centered 4.5 miles NNE ofthe conspicuous water tower and has depths of 27 to 33m,sand. A continuous listening watch is required on VHF chan-nels 8 and 16 while at anchor.1.17 Caution.Vessels approaching the anchorage area from theN or NW should disregard the terminal ranges and mooringbuoy marker lights which are shown intermittently and are onlyfor the use of the mooring masters.

Port of As Sidr Home Page

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1.17 VLCCs are not berthed at night.1.17 An prohibited anchorage area lies in the vicinity of theterminals and may best be seen on the chart.1.17 The approaches to the terminal offshore berths are clear ofknown dangers; however, rigs, platforms, and vessels involvedin oil and gas drilling operations may be encountered up toseveral miles offshore between this terminal and Marsa alBurayqah (Marsa el Brega), 64 miles ESE.1.17 The offshore berths are untenable in high winds. Main en-gines must remain ready for use at these berths.

Ras Lanuf (3031'N., 1834'E.)


1.18 Ras Lanuf, a low and sandy point, is located 13 milesSE of As Sidr and is fronted by an offshore oil terminal. Inaddition, a harbor, which is protected by breakwaters, lieswithin the point and provides alongside gas and oil loadingfacilities.

1.18 TidesCurrents.Tides are negligible, being only 0.3m atsprings.1.18 The currents are wind induced and are predominantly fromthe SE with occasional maximum rates of up to 2 knots.1.18 DepthsLimitations.The harbor approach channel isdredged to a depth of 15.5m. Three finger jetties are situated inthe harbor and provide six oil berths with depths of 11.5 to14m alongside. Vessels up to 50,000 dwt, 250m in length, and12.5m draft can be accommodated. In addition, there is a cargo

quay, 177m long, which has a depth of 11m alongside. Vesselsup 20,000 dwt, 177m in length, and 9.5m draft can be accom-modated.1.18 The offshore terminal consists of four berths, each connected tothe shore by a submarine pipeline. No. 1 Berth and No. 2 Berthconsist of several mooring buoys. No. 3 Berth and No. 4 Berthconsist of an SBM.1.18 No. 1 Berth and No. 2 Berth have depths of 21 to 27m andcan handle vessels up to 130,000 dwt.1.18 No. 3 Berth lies in a depth of 30m and can handle vessels upto 300,000 dwt.1.18 No. 4 Berth lies in a depth of 30m and can handle vessels upto 255,000 dwt and 29m draft.1.18 Aspect.A conspicuous water tower, from which a light is

shown, stands 1.5 miles W of Ras Lanuf. Several oil tanks aresituated 4 miles SW of the water tower and are prominent fromseaward. Marble Arch, a prominent monument, spans thecoastal highway, 3.5 miles S of Ras Lanuf.1.18 An outer lighted buoy, moored about 1.7 miles E of the headof the N breakwater, marks the seaward entrance of the harborapproach channel. A lighted range, which may best be seen onthe chart, indicates the fairway leading through the harbor en-trance. An outer lighted buoy, moored 3 miles N of Ras Lanuf,marks the approach to the offshore terminal.1.18 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send anETA 72, 24, and 12 hours in advance with a confirmation

message 4 hours before arrival. Vessels should also report anychange to their ETA of over 1 hour. Pilots can be contacted onVHF channel 12 and board vessels proceeding to the harbor inthe vicinity of the outer lighted buoy or at the anchorage.Mooring Masters, also serving as pilots, will board vesselsproceeding to the offshore terminal close NW of the berths orat the anchorage.1.18 After securing the vessel at a berth, the Mooring Master willremain aboard in an advisory capacity until departure from theport.1.18 Anchorage.A designated anchorage area for vessels pro-ceeding to the harbor, which may best be seen on the chart, liescentered 2.5 miles NE of the harbor entrance. A designatedanchorage area for vessels proceeding to the offshore terminal,which may best be seen on the chart, lies centered 2.8 miles Nof the harbor entrance. The anchorages have depths of 30 to31m, sand, good holding ground.1.18 Caution.Navigation and anchoring are prohibited, exceptfor vessels using the port facilities or the offshore terminal,within an area which may best be seen on the chart, and ex-tends up to 3.5 miles from the shore.1.18 Rigs, platforms, and vessels involved in oil and gas drillingoperations may be encountered in the approaches to Ras Lanuf.

1.19 Ras al Ali (3023'N., 1848'E.) is a low point which isfronted by shoals. An old jetty, 150m long, projects from thepoint and has a depth of 3.6m alongside its head (1981). Smallcraft with local knowledge can find partly sheltered anchorage,in depths of 6 to 9m, SE of the point.1.19 The barren coast from this point to the head of Khalij Surt isbacked by occasional ridges.1.19 Al Uqaylah (3016'N., 1912'E.) can be identified by severalreddish buildings which have the appearance of forts and stand0.5 mile inland. One of these buildings is encircled by a wall

on which there is a lookout tower. A house, painted in blackand white checkers, stands near the beach; the ruins of alighthouse are situated close to it. Anchorage can be taken dur-ing daylight N of Al Uqaylah, in depths of 16 to 18m, goodholding ground, about 2 miles offshore.1.19 Jazirat Bu Shuayfah, an above-water rock, lies about 1.3miles offshore, 4.2 miles NW of Al Uqaylah. It is dark and canbe easily identified against the yellow background of the sand.Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 10 to 13m, about 1 mileSE of this rock.1.19 Khashm Aritu (Ras al Magdar) (3026'N., 1938'E.), a lowpoint, is fronted by foul ground and depths of less than 10m lieup to 0.5 mile N of it.1.19 El Magdar Reef(3027'N., 1937'E.) lies centered about 1

mile NW of Khashm Aritu. It is extensive, rocky, and hasrocks awash.

Marsa al Burayqah (3025'N., 1936'E.)


1.20 Marsa al Burayqah, a bay, lies 22 miles ENE of AlUqaylah and is entered between Khashm Aritu (Ras alMagdar) and a point, 3 miles SW. An important oil terminal issituated in the SW part of the bay and consists of a harbor, pro-tected by breakwaters, and several offshore berths.

Port of Ras Lanuf Home Page

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1.20 DepthsLimitations.The offshore terminal formerlyconsisted of six berths connected to the shore by submarinepipelines.1.20 No. 1 Berth, No. 3 Berth, and No. 4 Berth are now out ofservice, but some of the ground chains, mooring buoy clumps,and pipelines are still in position.1.20 No. 2 Berth consists of several mooring buoys and lies in adepth of 13.4m. Vessels up to 70,000 dwt, 244m in length, and12.8m draft can be handled.1.20 No. 5 Berth is situated 2 miles NNW of the radar tower andconsists of an SBM. It lies in a depth of 37m and can handlevessels up to 300,000 dwt.1.20 No. 6 Berth is situated 2 miles NW of the radar tower andconsists of an SBM. It lies in a depth of 42m and can handlevessels up to 300,000 dwt.1.20 The harbor can handle general cargo, ro-ro, bulk, gas, andtanker vessels. There is a general cargo quay, 390m long, witha depth of 10m alongside; a bulk berth, 200m long, with adepth of 9.2m alongside; two gas berths, 320m and 333m long,with a depth of 11.3m alongside; and two refined productberths, 334m and 341m long, with a depth of 12.2m alongside.1.20 Generally, general cargo vessels up to 15,000 dwt and 9.2mdraft can be accommodated and tankers up to 30,000 dwt and10m draft can be accommodated.1.20 Aspect.Several conspicuous burn-off flares are situated inthe vicinity of the oil refinery at the SW side of the harbor andcan be seen from 25 miles seaward. A prominent radar tower,marked by a light, stands near the root of the W breakwater. Aconspicuous red water tower, with the ruins of a fort close NWof it, stands 0.6 mile SW of the radar tower.1.20 An outer approach lighted buoy, moored about 2.7 milesNNW of the harbor entrance, marks the seaward entrance ofthe harbor approach channel. The fairway of this channel ismarked by lighted buoys and is indicated by a lighted range

which may best be seen on the chart.1.20 Other lighted ranges indicate the approaches to the offshoreloading berths and also may best be seen on the chart.1.20 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send anETA 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance. Pilots can becontacted on VHF channel 16 and board in the vicinity of theouter approach lighted buoy.1.20 Mooring Masters, also serving as pilots, will board vesselsproceeding to the offshore terminal berths. After securing thevessel at a berth, the Mooring Master will remain aboard in anadvisory capacity until departure from the port.1.20 Anchorage.Vessels should anchor, in a depth of 36m, be-tween the NE and E about 0.5 mile from the outer approachlighted buoy, but staying clear of the E lighted range.

1.20

Caution.A foul area, in which numerous rocks awash lie,extends up to 0.5 mile N from the vicinity of the root of the Wbreakwater. The coastal bank, with depths of less than 10m,extends up to 0.5 mile N of the N extremity of this foul areaand is marked by a lighted buoy.1.20 Navigation is prohibited, except for vessels using the portfacilities or the offshore terminal, within a restricted areawhich may best be seen on the chart and extends up to 2 milesfrom the shore.

1.21 Jabal Lamaresc (3035'N., 1951'E.), 62m high, isprominent and has a truncated summit. This hill stands 1 mileinland, 17 miles NE of Marsa al Burayqah.1.21 Ez Zueitina (3057'N., 2007'E.), a coastal village, can beidentified by several conspicuous buildings and a large whitefortification with a tall watch tower. An old and disused bar-racks stands 4 miles SSW of the village and is prominent.Three flares and three white tanks are reported to stand 0.8mile NE and 0.2 mile N, respectively, of the barracks.1.21 Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 12 to 14m, sand, goodholding ground, about 1.2 miles WNW of the village. A dan-gerous wreck is reported to lie about 0.7 mile WNW of thevillage.1.21 Tre Scogli (3054'N., 2003'E.), a conspicuous group ofrocks, with some above-water, lies 1 mile offshore, 5 miles SWof Ez Zueitina. Scoglio Sud, the S rock, is marked by a light.Trinity Shoal, a rock awash, lies about 0.6 mile SW of thislight.1.21 A tanker hulk, which is used as a workshop by the nearby oilterminal, fronts the shore, 1 mile SE of Scoglio Sud.1.21 Scoglio Nord, a group of rocks, lies about 1.4 miles offshore,2.5 miles NNE of Scoglio Sud.1.21 Caution.Between Marsa al Burayqah and Ez Zueitina,several reefs, shoals, and islets lie up to almost 5 miles off-shore. The outermost include North Lamaresk Reef, with rocksawash, which lies 4.8 miles offshore, 5.8 miles NNW of JabalLamaresc; Hericha Rock, above-water, which lies 6.7 milesNE of North Lamaresk Reef; and Gharah Islet, surrounded byshoals, which lies 2.5 miles NE of Hericha Rock.

Az Zuwaytinah (3051'N., 2003'E.)


1.22 Az Zuwaytinah (Ez Zueitina) Terminal, whichconsists of several offshore oil loading berths and facilities forliquefied petroleum gas, lies close S of Tre Scogli.1.22 DepthsLimitations.The offshore terminal consists offive berths which are connected to the shore by submarinepipeline. Alpha Berth, Charlie Berth, and Echo Berth each con-sist of an SBM. Bravo Berth and Delta Berth each consist ofseveral mooring buoys (CBM).

Alpha Berth is reported (2003) to be temporarily out of ser-vice.

Bravo Berth lies in a depth of 21.9m and can handle vesselsup to 150,000 dwt.

Charlie Berth lies in a depth of 30.5m and can handle vesselsup to 275,000 dwt.

Delta Berth lies in a depth of 20m and can handle vessels upto 110,000 dwt.Echo Berth lies in a depth of 25.3m and can handle vessels

up to 150,000 dwt. This berth was reported (1999) to be out ofservice.1.22 A pier, which shelters a small boat harbor, extends 0.5 milefrom the shore in the vicinity of Tre Scogli and has an LPGberth at its head. This berth consists of mooring dolphins andcan accommodate vessels up to 213m in length and 8.7m draft.
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1.22 Aspect.A prominent radio tower, marked by a light, standsat the terminal, 4.2 miles S of Scoglio Sud. Several conspic-uous oil tanks are situated close S of it.1.22 Sidi Alib, a conspicuous tomb, stands 0.7 miles NE of theradio mast.

1.22 The approach channel, which leads to the LPG Berth, liesbetween Tre Scogli and Trinity Shoal, and is marked by alighted buoy and indicated by a lighted range which may bestbe seen on the chart. This berth can handle vessels of 213m inlength and 8.7m draft.1.22 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send anETA 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance and contactthe pilots on VHF channel 13 or 16 when within range. Moor-ing Masters, serving as pilots, will board vessels in the vicinityof the outer lighted buoy or at the anchorage. They will remainaboard until the vessel departures from the port and advise inthe loading operations.1.22 Anchorage.A designated anchorage area, which may bestbe seen on the chart, lies centered 2.2 miles WNW of ScoglioSud.1.22 Caution.During the winter, vessels at the offshore loadingberths and the anchorage may be forced to leave by suddenstrong winds and heavy swells.1.22 Anchorage is prohibited in the dredged area seaward of theberths as best seen on the chart.1.22 A shoal, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies about 5.5 miles NWof the terminal radio mast and is marked by a lighted buoy.

1.23 Ras Kurkurah (3128'N., 2000'E.), a low and rockypoint, forms the N end of a small bay and is fronted by above-water rocks which extend up to 0.2 mile seaward. It issurmounted by the low ruins of a castle. Sheltered anchoragecan be taken, in a depth of 6m, about 0.8 mile SE of the point.1.23

Bu Zaribah, a fort in ruins, is situated 10 miles N of RasKurkurah and is conspicuous from seaward.

1.23 Bernice Reef (3201'N., 1956'E.), a rock awash, lies 1.2miles offshore at the NW extremity of a rocky spit with depthsof less than 5m. A rocky patch, with a least depth of 3.7m, liesabout 3.2 miles NE of Bernice Reef, and from a point on thecoast 1.2 miles E of this patch a spit with depths of less than3.7m extends 1 mile N.1.23 Caution.It is reported that winds and currents between AzZuwaytinah and Banghazi tend to set vessels onshore.1.23 Several wrecks, some dangerous, lie up to 3 miles offshorebetween Az Zuwaytinah and Banghazi and may best be seenon the chart.

Banghazi (3207'N., 2003'E.)


1.24 Banghazi is a commercial center and summer resort.The town contains many large and modern buildings and issituated on a low point at the E entrance to Khalij Surt (Gulf of

Sidra). The port is protected by breakwaters and is divided intoouter, middle, and inner harbors.

1.24 WindsWeather.In winter, the prevailing winds are fromthe NW and SW; they infrequently attain gale force. Con-siderable variations in the prevailing winds are caused by landbreezes and the topography.1.24 TidesCurrents.The tidal range is negligible, being only0.3m at springs. The wind direction can account for differencesin the harbor water level which may be as much as 0.6m.1.24 The currents are strongly influenced by the winds. Off theharbor, the current sets S and SW with a rate of 0.8 knot, in-creasing in strength with W and NW winds which may alsocause a heavy scend to enter the harbor.1.24 DepthsLimitations.A controlling depth of 13.5m(1988) exists in the entrance fairway.1.24

The main facilities are given in the accompanying table.

1.24 There are facilities for ro-ro, general cargo, container, andtanker vessels. Vessels up to 168m in length and 8.5m draft canbe accommodated.1.24 It is reported (1993) that extensive reclamation and devel-opment have been carried out within the port and quays withdepths of 10 to 12m alongside have been constructed. The localauthorities should be consulted for the latest information con-cerning depths at these new facilities.1.24 Aspect.A light is shown from a water tower, 22m high,standing in a cemetery, 200m NE of the root of the N break-water. A directional light, indicating the harbor entrance, is

shown from a structure standing on the elbow of the N break-water.1.24 Conspicuous landmarks include an old and disused light-house, 33m high, standing 0.1 mile NW of the light; the cathe-dral, surmounted by two domes, situated on the waterfront 0.7mile SSW of the light; a minaret, 33m high, standing 0.2 mileSW of the light; the Manaar Palace and the Hilton Hotel stand-ing near the waterfront 0.5 mile SSW of the light.

Port of Banghazi Home Page

http://mail.spclibya.com

BanghaziBerthing Facilities

Berth LengthDepth

alongside

Rasif Libya No. 1 40m 5.5m



Outer Harbor No. 1 310m 9.0m



Tanker Berth 107m 8.0m
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1.24 Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots can be contactedon VHF channel 12 or 16 and generally board about 0.5 mileseaward of the harbor entrance. Vessels should send an ETA48 hours in advance.1.24 Signals.Visual signals are displayed on a mast at the PostOffice. The signals and their meanings are, as follows:

1. Flag AlphaA vessel is at anchor in the roads.2. Flag BravoA vessel is leaving the harbor.3. Flags Echo, November, or WhiskeyA vessel has

been sighted approaching the port from the E, N, or W.4. Three blacks balls, vertically disposedPort is

closed.1.24 Anchorage.Exposed anchorage is available in a desig-nated area, which may best be seen on the chart, lying centered4 miles NW of the head of the N breakwater. Strong W windscause a very heavy sea which renders this roadstead dangerousand during the winter it is seldom used.1.24 Directions.Vessels approaching the port from the SWshould remain 2 to 3 miles offshore until near the harbor inorder to avoid the coastal shoals. Vessels approaching from theN should, in thick weather, make their landfall to the NE of the

harbor as the landmarks are more prominent than those to theSW of the port and there are no dangers more than 2.5 milesoffshore.1.24 Caution.Several charted dangers lie in the approaches tothe harbor and may best be seen on the chart.

1.24 Due to the existence of submarine cables, an anchoring andfishing prohibited area, which may best be seen on the chart,lies close S of the harbor entrance and extends up to 6 milesfrom the shore.1.24 Several disused submarine cables extend seaward from thevicinity of the root of the N breakwater and may best be seenon the chart.

Banghazi to Marsa Tubruq

1.25 Banghazi Petroleum Terminal (3211'N.,2005.1'E.) is situated 4.3 miles NE of the port of Banghaziand 0.3 mile SW of Al Minqar al Kabir (Mengar es-Seghir). Itconsists of a jetty which extends about 1 mile NW from theshore and has two berthing platforms.1.25 The first platform, at the head, has a depth of 15m alongsideand can accommodate vessels of 1,000 to 50,000 dwt. Thesecond platform, situated 650m from the shore, can accommo-date vessels of 500 to 10,000 dwt.1.25 A power station, with three prominent chimneys, stands 2miles NE of Al Minqar al Kabir. A lighted buoy is moored

close offshore in this vicinity and marks the seaward end of awater intake pipe.1.25 Sidi Suwaykir Marabout (3220'N., 2017'E.), a smallwhite building, is situated 17 miles NE of Banghazi. A light isshown from a tower, 15m high, standing close W of the mara-bout.1.25 Driana Point, low and inconspicuous, is located 4.5 milesNE of this light. Driana Reef, with depths of 4 to 9m, extendsup to 7 miles NE of the point and 2.5 miles offshore. Kawn alAsal, 350m high, stands 9 miles E of Driana Point and is prom-inent from seaward.

1.26 Tukrah (3232'N., 2034'E.), a walled coastal village,is situated 36 miles NE of Banghazi. It has the appearance of asmall fortified town and is conspicuous from seaward.1.26 A conspicuous fort is situated 3.5 miles E of Tukrah and aradio mast, 61m high, stands close SW of it.

1.26 Tulmaythah (3243'N., 2057'E.), a coastal village, is