Upload
bennett-austin
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
P.Trejo
The Middle Ages
P.Trejo
The years between the fall of Rome and A.D. 1500 are now called the Middle Ages.
P.Trejo
THE Middle Ages
Also Known As Medieval ( Latin for Middle) because in the middle of ancient and modern times- or Dark Ages- b/c light of civ. had gone out
End of Western Roman Empire ( 500 AD)
P.Trejo
Geography of Europe
Smallest continent on it’s own- BUT combined with Asia- known as Eurasia- creates world’s largest landmass
Shaped like a big peninsula, has many peninsulas and islands
Surrounded by Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea
P.Trejo
CLIMATE- temperate- but there are extreme temps along Asia border and Alps
Many mines have helped sustain Europe’s economy over time: coal, iron, oil, bauxite, copper, lead ,zinc, gold and silver
P.Trejo
2000 years ago Europe was heavily forested Deforested the area and set up farms N. European Plain- most fertile area Fishing very important (close to so many
seas) Rivers very useful to get around Europe
P.Trejo
FEUDALISM
A new form of governing and organization Definition- a society based on land ownership
AND service Manor-large estate owned by wealthy nobles
P.Trejo
The feudalism was a kind of government. It was also a way of life.
P.Trejo
King: gave land to the nobles under him.
P.Trejo
Nobles: promised to help fight the king’s enemies.
P.Trejo
Nobles were called vassals of the king. The vassals (nobles) who fought for their king or for other nobles were called knights.
P.Trejo
Lady (women)
Lady: Lord’s wife was in charge of castle, especially when the lord was away on a Crusade or fighting a war for the king.
Women had fewer rights
Eleanor of Aquitaine -c.1200 AD- ran an area in S. France as a vassal, because queen of France, married Louis VII, divorced him became Queen of England by marrying King Henry II, had many kids- 2 sons became Kings of England
P.Trejo
Knights
Knight- warrior on horseback Different Stages:
Page (7)-left home (son of a noble) Lived with a knight Learned ettiquite Cared for horses
Squire (15-20) Rode into battle with a knight Blessed by a preist Given a sword and a belt
Knight- protected lord and manor Must have 3 horses, armor, and a squire Got extra $ by jousting!
P.Trejo
Serf: someone who farmed the land. Serfs had to pay rent and taxes to the nobles.
P.Trejo
What’s up SERF-er Dude?
Serfs Given land to farm Had to work lord’s land too Pay rent/taxes Ask permission on lord to get married One room house with family and animals Usually died young Church bells signaled breaks in day
P.Trejo
Craftworkers
Craftworkers- free people Made/built saddles, shoes, etc. Family owned business Father was expert/master
Levels: Age 14- apprentice- live with a master 17-28 journeyman- could join a guild Master- makes a “master piece” to show capability
GUILD- groups of workers, set prices and rules about quality
P.Trejo
Most people in the early Middle ages lived on a manor.
P.Trejo
-Christianity in Middle Ages-Majority of people were Christian but
there were also Muslims and Jews
Christian belief grew so strong Middle Ages became known as the Age of Faith
P.Trejo
A small church was an important part of each manor.
P.Trejo
The church saved education from completely disappearing after the fall of Rome.
P.Trejo
Christian priests learned to read an write. All books were handwritten.
P.Trejo
The church helped keep the knowledge of Greece and Rome from being forgotten. This would be very important during the Renaissance.
P.Trejo
The power of the church
By the middle/late Middle Ages power fell into the hands of the spiritual leader (Pope) and political leader (king).
Pope seen as God’s rep. on Earth- got power from God and people
If people disagreed with the Pope he would EXCOMMUNICATE them!
P.Trejo
The Pope steps in
Pope Leo IX believed all religious officials should answer to the Pope. All officials did answer to the first pope ( St. Peter) so all should answer to every Pope
1054 AD Constantinople's bishop refused to do this so Leo excommunicated him. This started the Eastern Orthodox Church
P.Trejo
Breaking up is hard to do!
1054: Christian church split – Constantine’s church: Eastern
Orthodox and Rome: Roman Catholic
P.Trejo
Christians made a long, difficult journey to visit Jerusalem which was a Holy Land not only for Christians but Muslins and Jews.
P.Trejo
Around A.D. 1000, Muslims in Jerusalem no longer welcomed Christians visitors. The Christians went on several journeys to try to capture Jerusalem. These journeys were called the Crusades.
P.Trejo
Crusades
1045 Pope Urban II called for a Christian Pilgrimage (1st Crusade) to Jerusalem to capture it back from Muslim Turks
1291- last crusade Crusade- Latin for marked with a cross
P.Trejo
#1
1st Crusade 1096- 5000 Crusaders left Europe for the Holy Land - the peasant crusaders attacked Jews in Germany- blamed them for Jesus’ death- most of the peasant crusaders were killed before they reached Jerusalem
Nobles reached Jerusalem and took it over- set up 4 small towns and traded with Europe
BUT.. Within 50 years Muslims began taking land back thus the second Crusade began
P.Trejo
#2 and # 3
1147- French and Germans set out to retake the Holy Land – again
Poor planning and heavy “troop” loss led to a disaster
P.Trejo
Crusaders who returned brought treasures home with them.
P.Trejo
#3
1189- Muslims had recaptured all of the HL- The French, German, English, and HRE led armies in- But the German king died, French King and HRE left- so that left King Richard I( the Lionhearted) to battle with Saladin ( Muslim leader)
Both were respected but overall, Saladin kept Jerusalem for the Muslims
P.Trejo
#4
1201- French Knights set out this time- from Venice.
Instead of going to Jerusalem- they got sidetracked and ransacked Constantinople ( another Christian city) and never made it to Jerusalem
P.Trejo
Many more and then finally
By 1291 the Muslims had recaptured ALL of the holy land and the Crusades were DONE ( unsuccessful for Christians)
Why, you may ask? Had to travel far from home on FOOT- many died Weren’t prepared to battle in the desert Outnumbered by well prepared and well led armies Christians fought amongst themselves and were
unorganized
P.Trejo
Crusades: Created more tensions between Jews,
Christians and Muslims increased trade increased towns increased disease…..
P.Trejo
As towns in Europe grew- eventually desire for education did as well.
1st university was in Bologna, Italy. France (Sorbonne) and England also had universities
P.Trejo
Art/Architecture
Medieval art and architecture was mostly about religion. The church was one of the few groups that had money to build large structures and commission paintings.
The church built huge churches called Cathedrals (ex. Notre Dame)
P.Trejo
Notre Dame
P.Trejo
1215 : Kings / Lords in England became irritated with King John’s “idea’s” Their reaction was to limit his power with a legal document *called the Magna Carta.
Created a Parliament- law making body that still governs England today!
P.Trejo
Hundred Years’ War
1328- the French king died- he had no heirs so England and France battled for his throne- France won- but England did not relent- thus began the war!
For 100 years the English fought well- then Joan of Arc ( French GIRL) rallied the French to stand against them- the English killed her- but the French succeeded!
P.Trejo
Effects
England Parliament's power
grew King now needed
permission King lost power
France King’s power grew Nobles supported their
king!
P.Trejo
Charlemagne was one of the greatest kings of the Middle ages.
P.Trejo
BLACK DEATH
1348- Black Plague starts in Sienna, Italy Infected fleas traveled on infected rats on
ships Spread disease- wiped out 1/3 of Europe’s
entire population Spread as far as Africa and Baghdad Black Flags were flown to warn visitors of
plague in the town Lasted for 130 years