If you can't read please download the document
Upload
doquynh
View
227
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Departamento de Fsica
ptica e Informao Quntica na UFSC
Eduardo Inacio Duzzioni
INCT de Informao Quntica
Sumrio
Introduo ptica Quntica
Nobel de Fsica 2012
Computao Quntica
Informao Quntica
Problemas de Interesse
Concluses e perspectivas
Introduo ptica Quntica
Max Planck (1900) Radiao de corpo negro
h=6,62.10-34 J.s constante de Planck
E=h
Albert Einstein (1905) Efeito fotoeltrico
h = W+K
W = h0 - Funo trabalho
K Energia cintica dos eltrons
Niels Bohr (1913) Modelo atmico
2
1
nE
Theodore Harold Maiman Inventor do 1 laser (16/05/1960)
Laser - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Caractersticas da radiao laser:
Monocromtica
Pouca divergncia do feixe
Coerncia de fase
Teoria Quntica da Luz
Roy J. Glauber Nobel de Fsica 2005
COHERENT AND INCOHERENT STATES OF RADIATION FIELD
ROY J. GLAUBER, PHYSICAL REVIEW 131, 2766 (1963) Times Cited: 3.875
QUANTUM THEORY OF OPTICAL COHERENCE
ROY J. GLAUBER, PHYSICAL REVIEW 130, 2529 (1963) Times Cited: 1.995
PHOTON CORRELATIONS
ROY J. GLAUBER, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 10, 84 (1963) Times Cited: 699
Citaes > 15.000
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=Refine&qid=4&SID=3DkikGB6li3DdLoDdIc&page=7&doc=61http://apps.webofknowledge.com/CitingArticles.do?product=UA&SID=3DkikGB6li3DdLoDdIc&search_mode=CitingArticles&parentProduct=UA&parentQid=4&parentDoc=61&REFID=781621&betterCount=3875http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=Refine&qid=4&SID=3DkikGB6li3DdLoDdIc&page=7&doc=62http://apps.webofknowledge.com/CitingArticles.do?product=UA&SID=3DkikGB6li3DdLoDdIc&search_mode=CitingArticles&parentProduct=UA&parentQid=4&parentDoc=62&REFID=1084763&betterCount=1995http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=Refine&qid=4&SID=3DkikGB6li3DdLoDdIc&page=7&doc=63http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=Refine&qid=4&SID=3DkikGB6li3DdLoDdIc&page=7&doc=63http://apps.webofknowledge.com/CitingArticles.do?product=UA&SID=3DkikGB6li3DdLoDdIc&search_mode=CitingArticles&parentProduct=UA&parentQid=4&parentDoc=63&REFID=896319&betterCount=699
Estados qunticos da radiao
Funo P de Glauber
0
2
!
2
n
n
nn
e
Estado coerente (LASER ideal)
a
P Funo de quase-probabilidade:
P0 campo clssico
Quantizao da radiao
A quantizao da radiao era realmente necessria?
A quantizao do campo de radiao 1927 por Dirac.
Efeito fotoeltrico No (Scully e Sargent 1985)
Efeito Compton No (Dodd 1983)
Lamb shift No (Crisp e Jaynes 1969)
... Apenas quantizao da matria!
Propriedades Estatsticas do
Campo de Radiao - Fotodeteco
Funo de correlao de segunda ordem:
e
Nobel de Fsica 2012 Serge Haroche
Colloquium: Manipulating quantum entanglement with atoms and photons in a cavity
Raimond, JM; Brune, M; Haroche, S, REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS 73, 565 (2001)
1.135 citaes
Observing the progressive decoherence of the ''meter'' in a quantum measurement
Brune, M; Hagley, E; Dreyer, J; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 77, 4887 (1996)
1.031 citaes
Generation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs of atoms
Hagley, E; Maitre, X; Nogues, G; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 79, 1 (1997).
MANIPULATION OF PHOTONS IN A CAVITY BY DISPERSIVE ATOM-FIELD COUPLING -
QUANTUM-NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS AND GENERATION OF SCHRODINGER CAT
STATES
BRUNE, M; HAROCHE, S; RAIMOND, JM; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW A 45, 5193 (1992).
Total de citaes > 16.000
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=4&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4
Eletrodinmica quntica de cavidades
Cavidade
supercondutora
Atomos de
Rydberg
Forno
Zonas de
Ramsey
Detector
Algumas realizaes
Oscilaoes de Rabi do vcuo Colapsos e ressurgimentos:
Necessidade da quantizao
do campo da cavidade
+ realizaes
Estado do tipo gato de Schrdinger
Estados emaranhados (campo-campo, campo-tomo
e tomo-tomo)
Medida da decoerncia
Medida direta da Funo de Wigner
Teste de fundamentos da Mecnica Quntica
Portas lgicas qunticas
Nobel de Fsica 2012 David Wineland
DEMONSTRATION OF A FUNDAMENTAL QUANTUM LOGIC GATE
MONROE, C; MEEKHOF, DM; KING, BE; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 75, 4714 (1995).
Citaes 990
Experimental entanglement of four particles
Sackett, CA; Kielpinski, D; King, BE; et al., NATURE 404, 256 (2000).
Citaes 843
A ''Schrodinger cat'' superposition state of an atom
Monroe, C; Meekhof, DM; King, BE; et al., SCIENCE 272, 1131 (1996).
Cites 785
Generation of nonclassical motional states of a trapped atom
Meekhof, DM; Monroe, C; King, BE; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 76, 1796 (1996).
Citaes 739
Citaes > 22.000
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=1http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=2http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=3http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=CitationReport&qid=7&SID=4EF1FB3Eej94MnKie46&page=1&doc=4
Realizaes
Resfriamento de ons apriosionados na armidilha
de Paul (primeiro passo!)
Construo de estados no clssicos vibracionais
de um nico on
Computao quntica universal
Medidas de fases topolgicas
Emaranhamento de ions
Medidas precisas (definio da escala de
tempo)
Computao quntica escalvel (quase)
Computao Quntica
Lei de Moore - 1965
Tamanho dos
transistores
atuais: 45 nm.
Raio atmico: 1
nm ~ 10 nm.
Origens
Richard Feynman- 1982
Como simular
eficientemente
sistemas qunticos?
Origens
Deutsch - 1985
Quais os limites para
a computao?
A computao
Fsica!
qubit - bit quntico
0 1ou/e
1sin0cos ie
Estado de Superposio
Exemplos de qubits
O spin nuclear;
O eltron e o spin eletrnico em nanoestruturas
semicondutoras;
Dois estados atmicos;
Ftons: estados de polarizao e nmero;
Fluxo do campo magntico
em uma juno Josephson.
Vantagens do processamento quntico
Fatorao em ns primos
Algoritmo de Grover (1995)
clssico
quntico
Algoritmo de fatorao de P. Shor (1994)
Informao Quntica
Mecnica
Quntica?
Classicamente A e B tem acesso a mesma quantidade de informao.
Discrdia quntica
Estados separveis correlacionados quanticamente
Estado com discrdia quntica no-nula.
Correlao alm do emaranhamento.
Linhas de pesquisa
Fases geomtricas (M. V.
Berry 1984) - So fases que
dependem apenas do
caminho que o estado
percorre.
Computao quntica geomtrica
Resistncia a alguns tipos de erros! Erros de Flutuaes Experimentais
Proteo de estados qunticos
where
Computao quntica dissipativa
Computao quntica contnua no tempo
Correlaes Clssicas e Qunticas
Concluses e perspectivas
A quantizao da radiao aprofundou o nosso
conhecimento sobre a natureza.
O controle experimental de sistemas qunticos
individuais nos permitiu confirmar todas estas
hipteses.
Computador quntico.
A natureza a informao que temos acesso?
Obrigado pela
ateno!
Contact: [email protected]