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Submitted by

Hafsa Siddiqua

Title

Telecommunication application with GIS

platform

Internship conducted at

PTCL, GIS department, South Karachi, Karachi

Supervisor

Mr. Asif Gul

AM GIS PTCL, karachi

From feb 01, 2010 to march 13, 2010

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ABSTRACT

PTCL is highly progressive and career oriented organization where I improved my

professional skills to work with GIS specialist on telecom application with GIS

plateform.i got chance there to Understanding telecom network, Better handling of

the map and attribute data and faster updating of spatial information, Estimate

length and direction of cable network from one point to another point on the

network for the existing cable network., Draw the route of a given lead-in cable and

the associated pillars on the map, Optimize cable network along the roads and

estimate the length of the cable to be laid down, Suggest new locations for erection

of pillars for cable expansion, Generate fault/performance reports for lead-in cables,

pillars and distribution points, Mark exchanges, cabinets/onus, dps, man hole, hand

hole, splice, joints locations by using Arc GIS. Transfer CAD drawing to Arc GIS

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CONTEXT

Objective

Introduction

PTCLPTCL networkTelegraphic GIS

Task

I have learnedTask performedAccuracy issue

Conclusion

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I joined PTCL GIS department for internship at Feb01, 2010 & completed at

March12, 2010. I found GIS staff corporative & true helper. GIS department

PTCL, Karachi was facing some facilities problems that time but AM GIS conveyed

almost all knowledge about PTCL & its network, telegraphic GIS & guided me at

any step while performing task as much as he could in that limited time & Toughsituation. Objectives, What I have learned, performed tasks, felt accuracy error

mentioned in this report.

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OBJECTIVE

The prime objectives of training:

o Understanding PTCL & its networko Better handling of the planning maps and attribute data and faster updating of

spatial information

o Estimate length and direction of cable network from one point to another pointon the network for the existing cable network.

o Draw the route of a given lead-in cable and the associated pillars on the map.o Optimize cable network along the roads and estimate the length of the cable to

be laid down.

o Indicate number of working tags, waiting tags, utilized tags and percentage offilled tags in the pillars from time to time.

o Suggest new locations for erection of pillars for cable expansiono Generate fault/performance reports for lead-in cables, pillars and distribution

points.

o Mark exchanges, cabinets/onus, distribution points, man holes, hand holes,splices locations.

o Transfer CAD drawings to Arc GIS

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Before this technology, landlines were issued from old kind of cabinets, not practically

old, but taking them as old in comparison with this new technology. Those cabinets were

just directly connected to respective exchange through simple copper wires and they

didnt need any source to boost their signals up. But in present technology, these Fiber

Optic cables have modernized cabinets named ONU which need some electricity source

to connect to exchange, Pakistan telecommunication limited introduced a triple play

service. Subscribers of that service can enjoy more than 100 TV channels, DSL and a

regular phone service all just on one phone line.

There are two types of telephone network offered by PTCL

o A fixed line network where the telephones must be directly wired into a singletelephone exchange.This is known as thePublic switched telephone network.

o A wireless network where the telephones aremobile and can move aroundanywhere within thecoverage area.

Telecommunication network is made up of basic components that are present in each

network environment regardless of type or use. These basic components include

terminals or exchanges, telecommunications processors, telecommunications channels,

computers, and telecommunications control software.

o Exchanges are the starting and stopping points in any telecommunicationnetwork environment. Any input or output device that is used to transmit or

receive data can be classified as a terminal component. A telephone exchange

or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects

telephone calls. A central office is the physical building used to houseinside

plant equipment including telephone switches, which maketelephone calls

work in the sense of making connections and relaying the speech information.

o Telecommunications processors are supportdata transmission and receptionbetween terminals and computers by providing a variety of control and

support functions. (i.e. convert data from digital to analog and back)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_callhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_callhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange

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o Telecommunications channels are the way by which data is transmitted andreceived. Telecommunication channels are created through a variety of media

of which the most popular include copper wires and coaxial cables.Fiber-

optic cables are increasingly used to bring faster and more robust connections

to businesses and homes.[1]

Telecommunications control software is present

on all networked computers and is responsible for controlling network

activities and functionality.

o In a telecommunication environment computers are connected through mediato perform their communication assignments.

o Telecommunications control software is present on all networked computersand is responsible for controlling network activities and functionality.

TELEGRAPHIC GIS

The telecommunications services have been computerized since about a decade and all

this information is maintained in tabular form. The spatial information is being

maintained in carefully hand drawn maps which are of several levels/kinds and

innumerable. Whenever any changes are to be made in the telephone cables like diverting

a telephone cable to another nearby pillar or erecting a new pillar, a lot of time is wasted

in drawing the new maps or updating the already drawn maps. The personnel of the

telephone department also have to take into consideration the existing telephone facilities

that have been laid down i.e. they have to have the tabular information alongside while

planning such changes. Hence, a need has been felt to explore the possibility of

transferring the map information in digital format and to design and develop a software

package to provide query based access using the available technology of GIS; where the

spatial and non-spatial data could reside under a common umbrella.

Geographical information system in telecom industry plays an important role. GIS can be

a great planning and decision-making tool for telecom industries. GIS platform with a

dedicated telecommunication application is the optimum solution since it can store the

network inventory in a geographical manner. Telecom applications have specially

designed data model, providing ability to build models of frequently used items like

ports, cards, chassis, equipment, cables, structures etc. These models can be instantiated

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_network#cite_note-Marakas-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_network#cite_note-Marakas-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_network#cite_note-Marakas-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_channel

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utilization of installed physical inventory and high quality of uninterrupted service to the

customers. GIS based Telecom applications are ideally suited to meet all of these

requirements. A GIS based Telecom Application is not only capable of supporting

standard GIS functions, but because of its specially developed telecom data model and

functionalities, also supports various telecom inventory and operational service system

related requirements.

The database consists of spatial and non-spatial component. The spatial component

includes coverages like

o roado the locality map to serve as reference coverageo

primary cable coverage ando Pillar location coverage

The non-spatial component consists of

o subscribers list( which includes detail of name, address, the associated pillarand the distribution point and his address in MDF)

o pillar utilization data from time to timeo Primary cable data with details on size, weight, tags etc.

The spatial and non-spatial data have been appropriately linked to generate the required

information. At the outset as the cursor is moved over locations of different telephone

exchanges a pop-up window gives details of telephone exchange like the number of

levels, no of pillars, primary cables, geographical area, no of subscribes etc.

GISDATA enables wireless telecommunication organizations incorporate geographic

data into

o complex network design,o planning,o optimization,o maintenance ando Operation activities.

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Task performed by using Arc GIS

o Create master maps, locality maps, road maps, pillar location maps, junction& Access maps (with man hole, hand hole, splices exchanges, cabinets/onu,

dps, (basically planning maps which contain Duct info i.e. total number of

duct spare duct or fill duct, Cable information i.e. how many cables are

passing through, type of cable and the distribution of every cable from

exchange to cabinets then to DPs & then to the costumer. Every DP has 10

pairs, and carrying rest along with and again distributing some 10, 20, 50,100,

pairs and so on. DP has Capacity of 10,20 Pair. Tag Box 30,40,50 Pairs

usually used to avoid use of more that 2,3 DPs at a single point ( It depend on

the requirement, for apartments or any big office needing 50 connections. etc )o Edit an already existing map.o Import a map that has been created elsewhere in Arc/Info format and google

earth

o Import a scanned mapo Cleaning and building of coverageso Creation of non-spatial table

Subscribers list (which include details of name, address, theassociated pillar & distribution point and his address in MDF)

Primary cable data with details on size, weight, tags etc. Duct details total no, spare & fill no. Junction and access route length from each exchange. Man hole & Hand hole no, landmarks & its distance. Splices types info Cabinets no. its origin exchange & its capacity Dps no., routes. Serving homes & offices

o Altering the structure of non -spatial tableo Importing of non-spatial table from dbase format.o Cleaning and creation of topology of the coverageso Create a network for the entire map features

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o Update the network of an existing network. This is useful if any updating hasbeen done after the network was created.

o Create bifurcating routesFelt about accuracy issue

Accurate geo-referenced map data is insufficient to derive maximum value from the Telco application.

Accuracy of survey data is of utmost importance. Survey data with trench, man-hole & hand-hole details,

number and alignment of ducts is migrated from AutoCAD platform. Correct models of span & ducts are

populated. Cables are also drawn using models developed on Telco application. Further, cross-sectional

views of the trench are added and cables are associated with ducts. Cable splicing / connection and slack

loop addition is carried out and lastly, as built data of cable optical & run length is entered.

In case of Optical Fiber Cables (OFC), OTDR equipment is able to provide an optical distance with

excellent accuracy.

However, following factors affect accuracy of fault localization:

o Fiber length of cable is generally 2-3% more than the cable length.o Cable is blown in conduits, which have 'snaking', thus increasing the cable and fiber length.o Slack loops of 10-20 meters are left in each chamber, approximately every kilometer.o Line feature in the map does not consider differences in elevations, which add to the cable and

fiber length.

o OTDR equipment can be 100 km away from the fault.Unless the fault localization algorithm compensates for these factors, inaccuracies may add up to several

hundred meters, defeating the whole purpose.

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CONCLSION

Telecom professionals are turning to GIS to ensure their businesses operate at peak

efficiencies. Telecom network inventory and connectivity involves complicated logical

relationships, which are difficult to capture on CAD platform. Migration of such data to

GIS platform is also very complex, error prone and does not lead to cost, efforts or time

reduction. Therefore, network inventory is created directly on selected GIS platform,

using telecom application. GIS is a perfect tool with which telecom operators may

integrate various data from a variety of data sources and present it in an integrated and

controlled manner via intranet GIS portals.

if the telecommunications services be more efficient in terms of rendering services

existing and futuristic, and gaining more visibility to the planning issues faced by the

telecommunications department with a view to increase the efficiency, which would

ultimately lead to increase in the customer satisfaction.