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Psychology Perception. May 16, 2008. Focusing on 5 personality theories. Psychodynamic (done last week) Humanistic Behavioral Trait Social Cognitive. Humanistic. 2 theorists: Rogers and Maslow Background: belief that each individual is unique with their differences. Carl Rogers. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Psychology PerceptionPsychology Perception
May 16, 2008May 16, 2008
Focusing on 5 personality theories.
Focusing on 5 personality theories.
• Psychodynamic (done last week)• Humanistic• Behavioral• Trait• Social Cognitive
• Psychodynamic (done last week)• Humanistic• Behavioral• Trait• Social Cognitive
HumanisticHumanistic
• 2 theorists: Rogers and Maslow
• Background: belief that each individual is unique with their differences.
• 2 theorists: Rogers and Maslow
• Background: belief that each individual is unique with their differences.
Carl RogersCarl Rogers
• People are rational• Stressing the importance of
conscious level to relation to rationality.
• Coined the term: Unconditional Positive Regard
• People are rational• Stressing the importance of
conscious level to relation to rationality.
• Coined the term: Unconditional Positive Regard
Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR)
Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR)
• Suggest that individual differences must be accepted.
• UPR consists of acceptance, warmth, and any that could lead to positive self-regards / to make he or she feels good about him or herself.
• Suggest that individual differences must be accepted.
• UPR consists of acceptance, warmth, and any that could lead to positive self-regards / to make he or she feels good about him or herself.
Abraham MaslowAbraham Maslow
• Hierarchy of needs and the striving for self-actualization.
• Hierarchy of needs and the striving for self-actualization.
Psychological Needs
Safety Needs
Belongingness Needs
Esteem Needs
SelfActualization
BehavioralBehavioral
• According to Behaviorists: BF Skinner, John Watson, personality is not observable because it’s unseen.
• Behaviorists believe that our behaviors are influenced by our environment and surroundings.
• According to Behaviorists: BF Skinner, John Watson, personality is not observable because it’s unseen.
• Behaviorists believe that our behaviors are influenced by our environment and surroundings.
Why theories of Behavior are included for explaining Personality?
What’s the connection?
Why theories of Behavior are included for explaining Personality?
What’s the connection?
TraitDifference of Characteristic
TraitDifference of Characteristic
• Trait theorists view personality as consistent pattern of thought, feeling, and behavior that last quite some time and situations.
• We’ll discuss: Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck.
• Trait theorists view personality as consistent pattern of thought, feeling, and behavior that last quite some time and situations.
• We’ll discuss: Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck.
Allport (1897-1967)Allport (1897-1967)
• Cardinal Trait: all-consuming characteristic that guides behavior. I.e: Power
• Central Trait: one that influences behavior. I.e: Integrity, sense of respect.
• Secondary Trait: Attitudes or Preferences.
• Cardinal Trait: all-consuming characteristic that guides behavior. I.e: Power
• Central Trait: one that influences behavior. I.e: Integrity, sense of respect.
• Secondary Trait: Attitudes or Preferences.
Eysenck (1916-1997)Personality Dimensions
Eysenck (1916-1997)Personality Dimensions
• Extraversion - Introversion (E-I)
• Neuroticism - Emotional Stability (N-ES)
• Psychoticism - Impulse Control (P-IC)
• Extraversion - Introversion (E-I)
• Neuroticism - Emotional Stability (N-ES)
• Psychoticism - Impulse Control (P-IC)
E-IE-I
• Extraversion: outgoing, social, open, focus on others.
• Introversion: focus on self, thoughts and feelings, rather shy.
• Extraversion: outgoing, social, open, focus on others.
• Introversion: focus on self, thoughts and feelings, rather shy.
N-EIN-EI
• Neuroticism: Difficult to control emotions > anxious, low self-esteem.
• Emotional Stability: Demonstrate control of emotion > calm.
• Neuroticism: Difficult to control emotions > anxious, low self-esteem.
• Emotional Stability: Demonstrate control of emotion > calm.
P-ICP-IC
• Psychoticism: Difficult with impulse control > uncooperative, insensitive.
• Impulse Control: Demonstrate control of impulse > warm, helpful.
• Psychoticism: Difficult with impulse control > uncooperative, insensitive.
• Impulse Control: Demonstrate control of impulse > warm, helpful.
5 Factor Model of Personalityby Robert McRae and Paul Costa
5 Factor Model of Personalityby Robert McRae and Paul Costa
• Extroversion - talkative, active, confident, optimistic, sociable.
• Agreeableness - generous, accommodating, warm, considerate, sympathetic.
• Conscientiousness - competent, organized, consistent, responsible, ethical.
• Emotional Stability - calm, even-tempered, not emotional, good manner.
• Openness - introspective, deep, insightful, creative, sophisticated.
• Extroversion - talkative, active, confident, optimistic, sociable.
• Agreeableness - generous, accommodating, warm, considerate, sympathetic.
• Conscientiousness - competent, organized, consistent, responsible, ethical.
• Emotional Stability - calm, even-tempered, not emotional, good manner.
• Openness - introspective, deep, insightful, creative, sophisticated.
Social CognitiveSocial Cognitive
• Emphasize on the role of environment, social influence, and cognition on personality development.
• Emphasize on the role of environment, social influence, and cognition on personality development.
Julian Rotter (1916)Julian Rotter (1916)
• Consider locus control in relation with personality.
• 2 types of locus control• Locus: particular position / place.
• Consider locus control in relation with personality.
• 2 types of locus control• Locus: particular position / place.
2 Types of Locus Control2 Types of Locus Control
• Internal: we believe that we receive reinforcement (support) as a result of our own behavior. I.e: Salary increase caused by having overtime.
• External: Receiving reinforcement as a result of something apart from ourselves, out of our control. I.e: Salary increase as Government regulation about minimum labor wage.
• Internal: we believe that we receive reinforcement (support) as a result of our own behavior. I.e: Salary increase caused by having overtime.
• External: Receiving reinforcement as a result of something apart from ourselves, out of our control. I.e: Salary increase as Government regulation about minimum labor wage.
