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Other theories
Social learning theory
• Bandura
• Modeling
• Instrumental (rewarded) conditioning
• Classical (emotional based) conditioning
Approach of learning methods
• Tabula rasa
• Allegory of Darwin:the adaptive behavioral pattern locks
Phenomenological approach
• Love
• = Acceptance
• Positive point of view
• Child care:
(find out the good in everybody!)
Theories of pesonality
Personality
Continuity of it…?!Scripts
reactive-evocative-proactive interactions
Games people play
Orderliness…
Szondi-principle (from agression, as basic property trait sy will become murder,
other butcher…)
Positiv vs. Negativ „Pygmalion” (self-fulfilling
processes)!
There are constant traits AND unique, special variences -
The aim is to be able to make reliable forecasts AND understand and manage the unique variences too!!
Would you be able to extinguish a human life?!
Personality = personality + situation, context, etc.!!
See Ethic too!!
Theories of pesonality
PERSONALITY – OTHER APPROACHES – practical benefits:
Social modeling – see lay image, fantasy about doctors transmitted by the madical TV-series…
Phenomenologhical approach – see the justice&charity as basic ethical principles
Empathy = look behind the surface: understand and acceptance of patient’s different culture, norms…
…and for this to understand what could happen in the personality…!
Development of your own personality
Questions..?
Developmental psychologyBowlby: „Good enogh” mother for the baby!!!
=calculable to him/her, listen&respond to the baby’s real needs, for the baby should feel the mather’s care
about his real life…!
SEE IMPORTANCE OF CALCULABLE BEHAVIOR…!!
External environmental impact:Importance of the primary (love) relationship!
Ainsworthexperiment:
• Safety affection
• Uncertain affection – avoident
• Uncertain affection – ambivalent
• Disconcerted
Developmental psychology
Harlow experiment:
Hairy brooder stove(expletive mother
imitation)Vs.
Cold, bare one
…How is forming our personality?
Long ago: Today:A baby…
= insensitive human being
= although helpless, but his senses are working; and his conscious (on
his level) too…!!
Feel/sense:
• Sight
• Hearing (head turning)
• Smelling („Turns” to the sweet smell, or to the familiar fragnance)
Researches, experiments:
• Observation• Habituation –
dishabituation(if he can recognize, detect the different between 2 status of stimulus’s)
Developmental psychology
Developmental psychology
…both…!!
Nature or nurture?
Developmental maturation (periodic vs. continous…??)
Environment (critical periods!)
There are both specific sections and individual differences too:
• Climb
• Sit
• Stand
• Temperament (see reactive-evocative interaction!)
• Eyesight (eg. Congenital Cataract must be operated before 2 months of age!)
• Development of personality: 1-6 months of age, or, 1-3 age!! – See Child care!!
Enviromental impacts may make affect on the maturation process:
Development of…:
• Perception, sensation (see sensoral deprivation!)
• Cognitive, conceptual, language
• Personality - emotional• Social
Developmental psychology
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY – practical benefits:
Examination of young children – backlog, injury,etc…
In case of familiar conflicts ability to recognize the degree of hazard… (Sign to the guardianship)
The children are always just the symptom-bearings – help to the whole family: eg. When seeing an ambivalent affection from the child… The parent will accept our opinion, help just if we have a good relationship with her (see communicational practice!)(because the parent’s self-image will protect himself: obviously the parent will think about herself, that she is a good parent…)
See psychosomatics too: primary-secundary sickness-benefits – the parent’s attention, listening is the reward to the children…!
Questions..?
SPECIALITIES OF THE ADOLESCENCE…SPECIALITIES OF THE ADOLESCENCE…
Questions & Uncertainty:Questions & Uncertainty:
„„Who am I?”Who am I?”
„„Where did I come Where did I come from?”from?”
„„Where do I go?”Where do I go?”
„„In what to belive?”In what to belive?”
„„Where is my place in the world…?”Where is my place in the world…?”
HUMAN VALUES:
Shows directions in the Life – what to do, where to go, how behave, etc…
AFTER COGNITION & ANALYISIS OF THEM…!
Developmental psychologyLong-life development!
Erik Erikson
Let’s look into ourselves… - raise up the hand who has no more question about himself, about the world…?
ACHIEVEMENT OF IDINTITY
FORE-CLOSURE
MORATORIUMIDENTITY
DIFFUSION
Detect a problem have to be solved?
Is it solved?
Yes
Yes
No
No
„LIFE TASKS”For example:
• Hurt/miss of trust: „good or bad…?”
• Hurt/miss of autonomy: „you don’t have the right to have your own feelings, decisons: must be eated even if it’s not well for you…”
• Intimacy is the prerequisite of achievment of identity (early adulthood)
• Middle life (creator) crisis – „Closing time panic”) (adulthood)
• Emptyness of our life vs. Satisfaction with it (old ages)
Developmental psychologyLong-life development!
Erik Erikson
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY – practical benefits:
Erikson’s olda age’s life task… - see individual psychology: to belong somewhere, compensate the value-less feeling= care about older community development
You have to care with the patient’s soul too: life tasks, crisis’s in adolescence, middle life, and so on…!
Psychosomatics…!
Your own development: your (professional) credo, established point of view, the organization of your life, solving your own crisis’s…!!
You are working with your personalityy too: let’s care about it!
Questions..?
END of the 11th lecture
Thank you for your attention!
Litterature:
Atkinson & Hilgard.: Psychologyp. p. 460-501. 68-107.
Always the related content to the lecture’s theme!
ECLETICISM…!!! –Eg. The development of gender
identity
• PsychoanaliticsOedipus conflict - and it’s solution
• Biological approachadolescence- hormones – self-image adolescence – hormones – self-image(girls have more chaos…) -> it can be one of the reasons of conflicts with parents
• Social learning theory
• Alignment to the gender vs.Gender identity
Experiences, opinions?
Developmental psychology
Early age / infancy: + -(REFLEXES)GOOD
„oncoming””BAD
„getting away”
MEMORY
Previous experiences, development of cognition
CONSCIOUS
DIFFERENTIATED EMOTIONS
Happiness, heartache, anger, fear, etc.
We can cope and navigate with&between…!
1
2
2
Adulthood: DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T O
F P
ER
SO
NA
LIT
Y
HURT OF DEVELPOMENT OF EMOTIONS (THE PERSONALITY)
LACK OF THIS…!!!
2) Lack of Autonomy /stability, feeling of security2) Lack of Autonomy /stability, feeling of security
Or
3) Lack of positive self-image3) Lack of positive self-image
„It is bad to me = I am bad!”
„I am bad boy/girl.” =
Self-centered view of world = „Everything is happening to me could be caused just by me”
And we protect strongly our formed self-concept, as it gives us the security to navigate in the world
Eg. Treating children came from child care – understanding, acceptation of them and not to judge on them! (see at stereotypes…!)
Get relation with deviant adolescence: listen to his problemes, thinkings to him – wil growth the compliance, the cooperation (you are helper professionals – in broad range of meaning of it; see bio-
psycho-social approach)
Community development, prevention – trainings, informative, motivation lectures, etc
SELF-IMAGE/CONCEPT – Affect of emotions on it…