Psychology 188

Final Exam Version X

Dec 6, 2016

1. What do nicotine addiction and computer addiction have in common?

a. Both can produce a calming effect

b. Both habits typically begin from an effort to look “cool” to peers

c. Both require 4-5 hours to reach a “steady state”

d. Both commonly lead to carpel tunnel

2. Which is a personality trait that is common in computer addiction but not in most other

forms of addiction?

a. Sociable and talkative

b. Risk seeking

c. Intellectualization

d. Anxious

3. Which of the following is NOT a “characteristic of use” common in computer

addiction?

a. Cyber shakes

b. Sensory numbness and pain

c. Dry eyes or blurred vision

d. Stuttering of speech

4. Emotional expressivity effect refers to:

a. a lack of emotion in people who seeth silently

b. crying uncontrollably after venting

c. experiencing an emotion when one is expressing that emotion

d. relaxation and meditation

5. Which is typically active when somebody is expressing a strong emotion?

a. The parasympathetic nervous system

b. The sympathetic nervous system

c. The endorphin system

d. Neural circuitry involved in processing rewards

6. Which psychiatric disorder is associated with feeling calm after expressing anger or

using violence?

a. Sociopathy

b. Clinical anxiety

c. bipolar disorder

d. Psychopath y

7. Which of the following can be an early sign of bulimia?

a. water eyes

b. excessive fidgeting

c. russell knuckles

d. lack of sleep

8. Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa and NOT Bulimia?

a. mood instability

b. perfectionisms

c. anxiety

d. impulsivity

9. Which type of drugs are often abused by individuals with bulimia nervosa?

a. psychostimulants

b. hallucinogens

c. depressants

d. opioids

10. Compulsive grazing is an example of:

a. conflicting standards

b. psychological inertia

c. binge eating

d. a rumination disorder

11. Being “in the zone” during an intense workout at the gym is most analogous to which

part of the addiction cycle?

a. Preoccupation/anticipation

b. Withdrawal/negative affect

c. Binge/intoxication

d. Relapse

12. Which of the following is a personality trait that is common for individuals with

anorexia and for individuals who compulsively exercise?

a. Perfectionism

b. Extroversion

c. Introversion

d. Enthusiasm

13. Contrary to primary compulsive exercise, the primary motivation for secondary

compulsive exercise is:

a. Losing weight or compensating for extra calories

b. Improving performance

c. Getting “cut” or “buff”

d. Gaining positive attention from others

14 . When a compulsive exerciser is on the exercise bike and feels as though once they

start it is easy to just keep going (even to the point of excessively long distances i.e.

100miles) is an example of:

a. renegade attention

b. psychological inertia

c. anorexia nervosa

d. conflicting standards

15. Intermittent explosive disorder is associated with hyperactivity in the _____ in

response to anger stimuli?

a. Insula

b. Hippocampus

c. Amygdala

d. Hypothalamus

16. An exaggerated fight or flight response in people with intermittent explosive disorder

is thought to result from:

a. a)Increases in dopamine release

b. b)Excessive activity in the hippocampus

c. c)An abnormally small amygdala

d. d)Dysfunction of serotonin levels

17. Pyromaniacs often experience euphoria or a high while:

a. Returning to the scene and observing the aftermath

b. Making s’mores at a bonfire

c. Smelling smoke or a match burning

d. Around intense light

18. Kleptomania is a possible variant of

a. Depression

b. Obsessive compulsive disorder

c. Intermittent explosive disorder

d. Pyromania

19. Predatory, instrumental violence is associated with:

a. lateral hypothalamus

b. right inferior frontal gyrus

c. insula

d. medial hypothalamus

20. Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with psychopathy according

to the Hare Psycopathy Checklist?

a. lack of remorse

b. conning and manipulating

c. highly diminished self esteem

d. pathological lying

21. What is an example of misregulation, specifically of abnormal standards, in

psychopathy?

a. constantly doubting one’s abilities

b. excessively comparing themselves to others

c. seeking comfort for things out of their control

d. forming relationships based on power and dominance

22. Which of the following statements is NOT true of ADHD:

a. people with ADHD often fail to give close attention to details

b. It is more prevalent in females

c. the prevalence is similar across cultures

d. it is often associated with low self esteem

23. What is a complication with unmanaged ADHD in adults?

a. Adults with ADHD do not have any observable symptom

b. Unsanitary living arrangements

c. Procrastination

d. Temper tantrums

24. What ADHD subtype is more common in females than males?

a. inattentiveness/distractability

b. combined

c. c)hyperactivity/impulsivity

d. risk averse ADHD

25. Which of the following is NOT associated with psychostimulant treatment of ADHD:

a. decreased task irrelevant behavior

b. increased sensitivity to rewards and punishment

c. increased focused behavior

d. excessive sleepiness

26. What is a core distinction between OCD and psychopathy?

a. only psychopaths have obsessive thoughts; people with OCD only have

compulsions

b. psychopaths are horrified by their thoughts and will seek help

c. psychopaths are not afraid by their thoughts but rather feel relief or excitement

d. people with OCD are not afraid by their thoughts but rather feel relief or

excitement

27. Which of the following treatments is very effective for OCD but less effective for

ADHD?

a. Naltrexone

b. Cognitive behavioral treatment

c. Morphine

d. Meditation

28. The direct pathway in the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic loop (CSPT) is also referred

to as the:

a. Go pathway

b. Indirect pathway

c. No-go pathway

d. basal ganglia chain

29. What is one function that the No-go pathway is thought to be involved in?

a. Stopping an action

b. Continuing an action

c. Relaxing after an impulsive act

d. Triggering obsessive thoughts

30. What is a primary way parents can help prevent self-regulation failures in children?

a. being flexible with rules and always changing them

b. instill the zero tolerance belief in their children

c. consistency of rules and consistency of enforcement

d. train kids to always reach for unobtainable goals

31. Narcotics Anonymous is an example of:

a. the shaming effect

b. a 12 step program

c. group hysteria

d. a 9 step program

32. Which is an example of a non-drug therapy for excessive behavior?

a. Motivational enhancement therapy

b. Zero tolerance therapy

c. zeigarnik therapy

d. psychological intertia training

33. As part of motivational enhancement therapy the therapists do all of the following

EXCEPT:

a compliments rather than denigrates

b guides toward optimism, self-efficacy

c listens vs. tells

d does not allow the patient to make any of the decisions

34. The extended amygdala is associated with:

a. negative reinforcement

b. positive reinforcement

c. relaxation

d. abnormal levels of happiness

35. The current dominant theory on dopamine is that:

a. dopamine release serves as a reward prediction error (releases with cue of

reward)

b. dopamine release is strictly related to the reward itself and not any cues of

reward

c. dopamine is not involved in any forms of addiction

d. dopamine is completely absent in addicted individuals

36. Misregulation of the basal ganglia is associated with all of the following except:

a. OCD

b. bipolar disorder

c. ADHD

d. Huntington’s disease

37. The HPA axis:

a. is one of the three stress systems

b. is responsible for the fight or flight response

c. is activated during low stress circumstances

d. only releases CRF locally in the brain

38. Which of the following is considered an internet-related problem area?

a. pornography

b. Gaming

c. Shopping

d. Ordering food

e. All of the above

39. Which of the following is considered an internet-related problem area?

a. pornography

b. Gaming

c. Shopping

d. Ordering food

e. All of the above

40. Which is true of computer addition?

a. Women and men are equally likely to have this addiction

b. It can result in carpal tunnel

c. Addicts tent to be social conformists

d. All of the above

41. Which tends to co-occur with computer addiction?

a. Excessive extroversion

b. Attention deficit and Hyperactivity disorder

c. Anti-social personality disorder

d. Use of illegal drugs

42. Freud originally proposed that the human psyche is similar to a container of water,

and:

a. emotions cause increased water pressure that should be discharged

b. emotions are the water and a lid should be in place to prevent them from

spilling

c. this view is still held today by research psychologists and therapists today

d. both a and c

43. Research has shown that “venting” emotions:

a. is effective at eliminating negative mood

b. can prolong a negative mood and increase violence and aggression

c. can increase negative mood, but reduce violence and aggression

d. both a and b

44. The emotional expressivity effect predicts that:

a. smiling will make a person feel happier

b. smiling will dull a persons experience of happiness immediately after

c. venting will reduce a negative mood

d. increased arousal is associated with positive emotions, decreased arousal with

negative emotions

45. Venting is considered a _______________ of emotion if the person _____________.

a. Underregulation; deliberately vent because they believe it is good for them

b. Misregulation; deliberately vent because they believe it is good for them

c. Underegulation; don’t vent because they know it is a bad strategy

d. Misregulation; don’t vent because they know it is ineffective

46. Amanda is a 18 months olds who, for the last few months, keeps eating non-nutritive

food such as soap and paper. Amanda should be classified as having:

a. Binge-eating disorder

b. Pica

c. Rumination disorder

d. none of the above

47. James is a five year old who, for the past few months, has been chewing his food,

spitting it out, and then eating it again. He does this at most meals. James would likely be

diagnosed with:

a. Binge-eating disorder

b. Pica

c. Rumination disorder

d. none of the above

48. Jennifer is a 18 year old who is afraid of gaining weight and has restricted her food

intake. In order to be diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa, Jennifer must also:

a. Binge and Purge

b. Have a BMI that is below average

c. Food avoidance based on sensory characteristics of the food

d. Not be able to distinguish emotional and physical hung

49. You would know Allen has Bulimia Nervosa instead of Anorexia Nervosa if you

learned that ____________:

a. Has a BMI that is below average

b. Has a distorted body image

c. Engages in compensatory “purging” behavior

d. Any the above

50. Sarah regularly eating much more food than most people, she feels out of control and

cannot stop until she is uncomfortably full. She often eats alone because she is

embarrassed. In order to diagnose her with __________ you would have to know

______________.

a. Binge Eating Disorder; whether or not she engages in compensatory

behavior such as purging

b. Anorexia Nervosa; if she competes in competitive eating competitions

c. Bulimia Nervosa; has a high BMI

d. Binge Eating Disorder; has a distorted body image

51. Which of the following is true of Kleptomania?

a. The person does not need the stolen items for use or monetary value

b. Stealing is often committed out of anger or vengeances

c. The person feels no fear or capture or guilt about stealing

d. They often lure other people into their theft plans

52. In Kleptomania, stealing with the goal of alleviating anxiety or depression is

considered:

a. Misregulation

b. Underegulation

c. Failure to self-regulate

d. Both a. and c.

53. Which of the following is NOT part of the diagnostic criteria for Pyromania?

a. Deliberate fire setting on more than one occasion

b. Pleasure from setting fires

c. Occurs in response to a delusion or hallucination

d. The fire setting is not done for monetary gain

54. Which of the following is true of Kleptomania and Pyromania

a. Both disorders are more prevalent in men

b. No guilt is experienced

c. Tension is experienced before the act

d. Pyromania requires delusions, Kleptomania does not

55. The Hare Checklist used to diagnose psychopathy includes all of the following

except:

a. Superficial charm

b. Pathological lying

c. Excessive self-control

d. All of the above

56. Which is NOT true of Psychopaths?

a. They are more likely to use a weapon when coming a crime

b. Violence does not decrease with age

c. They often avoid incarceration by pleading insanity

d. They escape more often from psychiatric hospitals

e. All of the above

57. Which of the following is considered a motivation affective violence?

a. Jealously

b. Sexual desire

c. Money

d. All of the above

58. Which of the following is considered an inattention subsyndrome of ADHD?

a. difficulty organizing tasks and activities

b. leaves seat in classroom when sitting is expected

c. talks excessively

d. difficult waiting one’s turn

59. Which of the following often accompany ADHD?

a. depression

b. anxiety

c. excessive mood reactivity

d. all of the above

60. What is the most important diagnostic tool for determining if a person has ADHD?

a. A clinical interview

b. A neuropsychological evaluation

c. Accounts of family and co-workers

d. all of the above

61. What is NOT a difficulty faced when trying to make an ADHD diagnoses?

a. different jobs can differentially highlight deficits

b. Different individuals have different potential for success

c. High comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders

d. There are no objective tests for ADHD

62. Which of the following is a negative aspect of treating ADHD with stimulants?

a. They are highly addictive

b. They are only effective for treating a small portion of people with ADHD

c. They are less effective than atomoxetine for most cases of ADHD

d. None of the above

63. The limbic cortico-stiato-pallido-thalmic circuitry have been prosed to be the source

of pathology in:

a. Huntington’s disease

b. Parkinson’s disease

c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

d. All of the above

64. Shame and embarrassment often prevent those suffering from ___________ to seek

treatment.

a. OCD

b. ADHD

c. Psychopathy

d. Huntington’s disease

65. One of the most common obsessions in OCD is _____________, and one of the most

common compulsions is ______________.

a. Contamination; washing and cleaning

b. Washing and cleaning; contamination

c. Checking; aggressive in nature

d. Sexual in nature; Hoarding

66. John must stand up and sit down 8 times before eating dinner. John vehemently

believes that something failing to engage in this ritual will cause something terrible to

happen. John has OCD with:

a. absent insight

b. fair insight

c. good insight

d. delusional insight

67. Which of the following is no longer thought to be true of dopamine?

a. It's release causes a pleasure response

b. is associated with predicting whether or not an experience will be pleasurable or

not

c. related to positive reinforcement

d. none of the above are thought to be true of dopamine

68. Dopamine D2 receptors

a. Decreases after cocaine abuse

b. Increase after cocaine abuse

c. Are naturally higher in some people, and those people less likely to be effected by

cocaine

d. Are naturally lower in some people, and those people less likely to be effected by

cocaine

69. The opioid peptide system involves:

a. the Ventral tegmental area & Nucleus accumbens

b. the Amygdala & Ventral pallidum

c. reward, pain suppression, and bonding

d. all of the above

70. If a lever is hooked up to stimulate the ______________ of a Rat, the rat will

______________.

a. medial forebrain bundle; press the lever excessively

b. medial forebrain bundle; never press the lever again

c. lateral forebrain bundle; press the lever excessively

d. lateral forebrain bundle; never press the lever again

71. The Amygdala is

a. associated with the fight or flight response

b. highly active in PTSD

c. is implicated in survival behaviors

d. all of the above

72. Which one symptom is required for an individual to be diagnosed with addiction?

a. Physical dependence/withdrawal symptoms

b. A loss of interest in the things a person normally likes to do

c. Persistent desire to cut down

d. None of the above

73. Checking your progress in a class throughout the quarter and considering your current

performance compared to the final grade you want is analogous to which function of

a TOTE loop?

a. Observe

b. Operate

c. Exit

d. Test

74. Increased neural response to sexual cues in people with sexual compulsive disorder

is an example of:

a. paraphilia

b. anhedonia

c. deindividuation

d. incentive salience

75. An example of “Gamblers fallacy” is:

a. Believing that since 5 heads have already come up, the next flip is likely to

be a tail

b. A pathological gambler’s belief that he can stop any time

c. A pathological gambler’s belief that he is exceptionally skilled at gambling

d. The belief that a past “big win” predicts a future “big win”

76. Which pharmacotherapy’s primary function is to aid in avoiding relapses in

alcoholism?

a. Naltrexone (Revia)

b. Acamprosate (Campral)

c. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

d. Disulfiram therapy (Antabuse)

77. What best defines compulsive sexual behavior?

a. double or more the average number of sexual activities over a 6 month period

b. double or more the average number of sexual partners over a 6 month period

c. excessive sexual activity without satisfaction

d. lack of control over one's sexual behavior

78. Incentive salience in drug addiction is most closely associated with what brain

region(s):

a. The Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens

b. The Central Nucleus of the Amygdala

c. The Prefrontal Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala

d. The Hippocampus

79. The zero-tolerance beliefs advocated by organizations like Alcoholics

Anonymous can potentially lead to which of the following failures of self-

regulation?

a. Zeigarnik effect

b. Renegade attention

c. Abstinence-violation effect

d. De-individuation

80. Which of the following neurotransmitters is hypothesized to be the most responsible for

the arousal and euphoria associated with many impulse control disorders?

a. dopamine

b. CRF

c. opioid peptides

d. all of above