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psychlotron.org.uk Cognitive development Content (AO1)Skills (AO2; AO3) Explanations of how & why children’s thinking changes over time: Jean Piaget; Lev Vygotsky; Renee Baillargeon; Robert Siegler. Empirical studies of thinking in childhood Using theories to analyse and explain real-world behaviour; Using evidence to evaluate theories; Evaluating evidence according to the methods used to obtain it; Designing research studies to test specific hypotheses.
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PSYB3 Cognitive Development
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Cognitive Development
• Where have you encountered developmental psychology before?
• What do you think cognitive development will be about?
• What do you think you will need to learn?– Content?– Skills?
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Cognitive developmentContent (AO1) Skills (AO2; AO3)
Explanations of how & why children’s thinking changes over time:•Jean Piaget;•Lev Vygotsky;•Renee Baillargeon;•Robert Siegler.Empirical studies of thinking in childhood
• Using theories to analyse and explain real-world behaviour;
• Using evidence to evaluate theories;
• Evaluating evidence according to the methods used to obtain it;
• Designing research studies to test specific hypotheses.
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Some recurring questions...
• How can we find out what infants and children are thinking?
• How is a child’s thinking different from an adult’s?
• Does nature or nurture have more influence on children’s development?
• Can a child’s rate of development be accelerated?
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• Pair up. Decide who will be child and who will be investigator.
• The child will be given an object to play with. The investigator must observe carefully in order to be able to describe what the child did.
• Now swap roles.
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Adaptationof
schemas
Assimilate
Accommodate
DisequilibriumEquilibrium
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Today’s sessionYou are learning about... You are learning how to...
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development•Schemas•Adaptation
Analyse real world behaviour and experiences in theoretical terms
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Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
• The first person to study cognitive development scientifically and systematically.
• The most influential theory of cognitive development.
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Adaptation
• The process by which the child changes its mental models of the world to match more closely how the world actually is.
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Cognitive developmentAs the child gets older its schemas become...
More numerous
More complex
More interconnected
More abstract
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Cognitive developmentThe child’s understanding develops because...
Its brain is developing
(maturation)
It is exploring the world around it
(experience)
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• Where do you think Piaget would stand on the nature-nurture debate?
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Homework
• Write a paragraph describing a child adapting its understanding of the world due to an experience it has had. Make sure you use the correct terms:– Schema– Assimilation– Disequilibrium– Accommodation– Equilibrium