PSYC2301: LEARNING EXERCISE Psychological Disorders

On notebook paper, fill in the blank with the correct psychological disorder. 1. Jane Doe is always fighting with the stafT to be moved to another room because she believes the

people on the hospital staff are sending poisons through the ventilator to her room. She may be suffering from schizophrenia.

2. Bill, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, sometimes his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Bill most likely suffers from a(n) disorder.

3. Sally is 35 years old and rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her so much that she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a free-lance journalist, working at home. Sally's behavior is most characteristic of .

4. Lucy is continually expecting something dreadfiil to happen, whether to herself or to her family. Even though she and her husband both are in good health and have good jobs and more than adeqxiate savings and insurance, she is constantly worried that they will both become ill, lose their jobs, and have to accept welfare. Lucy is probably suffering from a(n) disorder.

5. For the last month, Mary has felt lethargic and unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Mary is most likely suffering from disorder.

6. On several occasions Willie has been taken to an emergency hospital because he seemed to be having a heart attack. Actually, his dizziness, choking, difficulty in breathing, and heart palpitations are symptoms of a(n) disorder.

7. Every day Sharon worries about whether she turned off the stove. She can barely think of anything else. This is an example of a(n) .

8. Johanna suffers from an extreme desire to avoid any situation where she is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. She also fears that she may act in a way that will be embarrassing. She suffers from a(n) .

9. Phyllis lives in her own private world. Her speech is incomprehensible, she giggles at tragedies, and spends hours "communicating with her hallucinations." She should probably be diagnosed as a(n) schizophrenic.

10. Mr. W., a patient in a psychiatric hospital, has various motor disturbances. He can maintain bizarre stationary poses for hours. He also has bouts of wild, excited movement. His diagnosis is probably schizophrenia.

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11. Sam has a fear of snakes. This fear prevents him from joining any groups that sociahze outdoors because he is afraid of encountering a snake in such situations. His disorder is an example of a(n) .

12. John, a 25-year-old mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He fiirther believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. John is most likely suffering from schizophrenia.

13. Jeff is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several elderly people out of their hfe's saving, and he seems to have httle feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of a(n) disorder.

14. A new patient comes to a clinical psychologist complaining of someone sending radio messages to his teeth and trying to kill him with radar beams. You immediately recognize his problem as one of delusions of .

15. Frank, a 32-year-old electrician, did his job completely, seldom missed work, and was never late. His co-workers found him somewhat quiet at times, but noted nothing unusual about his behavior. When he consulted a therapist, however, about his ability to maintain a relationship with one girl after another, the therapist slowly became aware that Frank had the delusion that he was being pursued by a group of people bent on killing him and that much of his private life was devoted to efforts at self-protection. His thinking, apart from his delusional system, was so logical that no one suspected the disorder from which he was suffering.

16. Janet constantly washes her hands. She must keep them clean as she fears that without these 70 to 80 daily washes she will catch some types of disease. Janet is displaying symptoms associated with a(n) disorder.

17. Jack has been in and of mental hospitals most of his Ufe. He seems to experience periods of extreme "highs" followed by periods of extreme "lows" in cycles. The "highs" are sometimes so high that he is almost mcoherent, and the "lows" are sometimes- so low that his is almost in a stupor and must be tube-fed. John's diagnosis is probably a(n) disorder.

18. Alex came to a clinical psychologist to seek employment. He described his background as having been trained by Sigmund Freud in the practice of psychotherapy. You recognize that Alex has a problem since he is only 32 years old, and you diagnose it as delusions of .

19. Elizabeth becomes seriously depressed every winter, hi the summer, she becomes either normal or sometimes even slightly manic. Unlike most depressed patients she tends to sleep and eat excessively during her depressed period in the winter. Elizabeth is probably suffering from a(n)

disorder. 20. Richard is an intelligent, charming, and socially adept physician who has just had his Ucense to

practice revoked because he billed the government $100,000 for medical services he never performed. Upon fiirther investigation, it was found that he had a history of cheating as far back as high school. Richard would probably be classified as having a(n) disorder.

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C h a p t e r 13 Psychological Disorders 15

Psychological Disorders Symptoms Anxiety Disorders I r ra t iona l , uncontrollable, and disruptive anxiety

Generalized anxiety disorder Excessive, global, and persistent anxiety Panic Attacks Sudden episodes of extreme anxiety, escalating rapidly in

intensity Panic Disorder Frequent and unexpected panic attacks Phobia An irrational fear of a specific object or situation Agoraphobia Extreme, irrational fear of experiencing a panic attack in a

public situation Social Phobia

(social anxiety disorder) Extreme, irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Chronic and persistent anxiety symptoms in response to an extreme physical or psychological tramna Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Intrusive, repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or urges to perform certain actions (compulsions)

Mood Disorders Chronic disruptions in mood Major Depression Extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthless-

ness, and hopelessness Dysthymic Disorder Chronic low-grade feelings of depi-ession Seasonal Affective Disorder Episodes of depression that recur during the fall and winter

and remit during the spring and summer Bipolar Disorder Alternating depressive and manic episodes Cyclothymic Disorder Moderate but frequent mood swings

Personality Disorders Inflexible, maladaptive, stable personality traits Antisocial Pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating others' rights Borderline Instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and

emotions, and marked impulsivity Dissociative Disorders Extreme disruptions of awareness, memory, and per­sonal identity

Dissociative Amnesia Inability to recall important personal information Dissociative Fugue Sudden travel away from home, extensive amnesia, and

identity confusion Dissociative Identity Disorder

Extensive memory disruptions, along with the presence of two or more distinct personalities

Schizophrenia Severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thoughts Paranoid type Delusions and/or hallucinations, but virtually no cognitive impairment, disorganized behavior, or negative symptoms Catatonic t5npe Highly disturbed movements or actions, waxy flexibility Disorganized type Disorganized behavior and speech, and flat affect Undifferentiated type Combination of symptoms of the other three t5rpes

Handout 13.2 Personality Disorders

Odd, Eccentric Cluster Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Cluster Aiudous, Fearful Cluster

Paranoid Personality Disorder Pervasive but unwarranted distrust and suspiciousness; assumes that other people intend to deceive, exploit, or harm them.

Schizoid Personality Disorder Pervasive detachment from social relationships; emotionally cold and flat; indifferent to praise or criticism from others.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder Odd thoughts, speech, emotional reactions, mannerisms, and appearance; impaired social and interpersonal « functioning; often superstitious.

Antisocial Personality Disorder Blatantly disregards or violates the rights of others; impulsive, irre­sponsible, deceitful, manipulative, and lacks guilt or remorse.

Borderline Personality Disorder Erratic, unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image; impul­sive; desperate efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment; feelings of emptiness; self-destructive tendencies.

Histrionic Personality Disorder Exaggerated, overly dramatic expression of emotions and atten­tion-seeking behavior that often includes sexually seductive or provocative behaviors.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Grandiose sense of self-impor­tance; exaggerates abilities and accomplishments; excessive need for admiration; boastful, preten­tious.

Avoidant Personality Disorder Extreme social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism, rejection, or disapproval.

Dependent Personality Disorder Excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive, cling­ing behavior, fears of separa­tion, and the inability to assume responsibility.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Rigid preoccupation with orderli­ness, personal control, rules, or schedules that interfere with completing tasks; unreasonable perfectionism.

Chapter 15

IX. Activity Handouts

Activity Handout 15.1

Wliat Is Abnormal, Anyway?

Read each example and decide if this behavior is abnormal. Use the main aspects of the definition (deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional) as a guide to justify yoiu answers. At the end, draw some conclusions about the difficulty and implications of such decisions.

1) Feeling very nervous or scared when talking to someone

2) Hiding under a desk because you think alien spaceships are landing

3) Thinking about suicide

4) Talking to yourself when no one is around

5) Believing that someone can read your thoughts •*

6) Intentionally running another car off the road for entertainment

7) Manipulating others to like you

8) Doing illegal drugs

King, The Science of Psychology, 3e IM-15 j 25 Copyriglnt © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. Ail rights reser\'ed. N o reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 15

Activity Handout 15.2

What Type of Anxiety or Anxiety-Related Disorder Is It?

Read through the examples below and identify what type of anxiety disorder is being described.

1. John is driving down the road and is overcome with a feeling that something is going to happen. His heart rate increases, he feels dizzy, and he begins sweating profusely. TYPE OF DISORDER:

2. Joan has to check the door seven times before leaving her apartment to make sure it is locked. She also has to turn the faucet on and off seven times after washing her face. TYPE OF DISORDER:

3. Janet has never flown on an airplane because she has an intense fear of the plane crashing. She has never been able to go and see her son and grandchildren in Hawaii because she would need to fly to get there. TYPE OF DISORDER:

4. Jeffrey has lived in his two-room apartment for five years and has never left. He orders food to be delivered and his nephew brings his groceries to him every two weeks. He is afraid that if he leaves something bad will happen to him. TYPE OF DISORDER:

5. Samantha keeps everything she receives, including junk mail, paper bags, plastic grocery bags, rubber bands, etc. Her apartment is a mess and all of the floor space is covered with piles of stuff. Her kitchen is a mess with dirty dishes everywhere, and she doesn't even clean up after her dogs when they go to the bathroom in the house. TYPE OF DISORDER:

6. Joaquin was a soldier in Vietnam and since returning over 35 years ago, he stills wakes up during the night in a cold sweat with his heart beating very fast. He takes five different nerve medications to relax liim. He has lost many jobs and can't seem to hold on to one for more than a couple of months. TYPE OF DISORDER:

7. Janice sets her clothes out the night before work. She checks and double-checks everything to make sure it all matches and looks right. She sets her alarm two hours early to make sure she is not late and even wakes up sometimes two or three times during the night to make sure the alarm is set. TYPE OF DISORDER:

King, The Science of Psychology, 3e IM-15 j 26 Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without tlie prior written consent of McGraw-Hil l Education.

Chapter 15

Activity Handout 15.4

Is It Hoarding or Just Messiness?

Answer the following questions. Prepare to discuss your answers in class or in an alternative assignment.

1) Compulsive hoarding is typically considered what type of mental disorder? A. Anxiety disorder B. OCD-related disorder C. Mood disorder D. Psychotic disorder

2) How many Americans are compulsive hoarders? A. 1.2 million B. 3 million C. 20.9 million D. About half of all Americans

3) Which of the following is not a cause of compulsive hoarding? A. Problems with aggression. B. Emotion distress about discarding possessions C. A strong emotional attachment towards ones possessions D. Trouble deciding what is valuable and what is not

-«

4) What is the name of the assessment tool developed by the National Study Group on Chronic Disorganization (NSGCD)?

A. Simpson-Angus Scale B. Subjective Weil-Being on Neuroleptics Scale C. Clutter-Hoarding Scale D. Chronic Disorganization Scale

5) True or False: Not all hoarders excessively collect or save objects; some hoard animals. TRUE FALSE

6) Which is not a characteristic of hoarding? A. Repeatedly acquiring and saving unneeded things B. A living space so cluttered by acquisitions it disrupts moving around C. Sleeping disturbances D. Procrastination and indecisiveness

King, The Science of Psychology, 3e lM-15 | 28 Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 15

7) True or False: Hoarding runs in families. TRUE FALSE

8) One of the following treatments is not used as a strategy for alleviating hoarding symptoms and triggers:

A. Pharmacotherapy B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy C. Residential treatment D. Intensive multimodal treatment E. Psychodynamic therapy

9) True or False: Hoarding symptoms are commonly seen only in adults TRUE FALSE

10) Compulsive hoarders may be at risk for health issues due to all of the following except: A. Fire hazards B. Unsanitary conditions C. Obesity D. Stroke E. Cardiac and respiratory problems

King, The Science of Psychology, 3e IM.-15 | 29 Copyright © 20J 4 McGraw-Hil l Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hil l Education.