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PRUNING SYSTEMS FOR GRAPE VINES
Andrew Teubes VG Nurseries
In this presentation
• Pruning objectives • Grape fruitfulness • Types of pruning
– Spur – Short canes – Long canes
• Practical use of pruning systems
Objectives of pruning
• Controlling the size and structure of the vine
• Regulate crop size • Maintain a balance between vegetative
growth and fruiting – maximizing the yield potential while
maintaining the health of the plant
Fruitfulness of grape vines
• Fruitfulness depends on – Grape variety (genetic) – Foliage management (summer practices)
• Sunlight penetration into canopy during and after flowering
• Fruitfulness involves the number of clusters per bud as well as the weight of the clusters
Permanent trunk (3 years or more)
Spur of previous season (2 years)
Shoot from this season (1 year)
FRUITFULNESS: 1 year old on 2 year old = fruitful (carry clusters)
1
5
10
14
Natural fruitfulness increases from the
basal position to the apical position
Flame, Victoria
Redglobe, Autumn Royal
Thompson Seedless, Dauphine
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
SUNSHADE
Bud fruitfulness of Thompson Seedless canes as a function of bud position
Node position on cane
Num
ber o
f clu
ster
s pe
r nod
e
Pruning types • Short spurs/bearers (2 buds)
– High fertility cultivars on cordon trellis – Flame Seedless, Victoria, Dan-ben-Hannah,
Alphonse Lavalleé • Half-long/short canes (5-8 buds)
– Medium fertile cultivars – Red Globe, Autumn Royal
• Canes (10-14 buds) – Low fertility cultivars – Thompson Seedless/Kishmish
Productivity of Sauvignon blanc as a function of pruning technique
Pruning method
Clusters /vine
Cluster weight (gram)
Total weight/
vine (gram)
2 bud spurs 20.2 63 1273
4 bud spurs 31.7 65 2061
Canes 38.5 79 3042
Spur pruning • Used for varieties that shows high enough
fruitfulness on basal buds • Vine structure is permanent cordon system • Shoot positioning normally vertical (VSP) or at
angle (Gable, Y-trellis) • Spacing between spurs of 12-15 cm important
– Sunlight penetration – Space for the clusters
Length of spur is 2 clearly defined buds
CORRECT SPACING
12-15 cm
Spacing between spurs result in good sunlight penetration and spacing of clusters
12-15 cm
Clusters well spaced, not touching each other
Well spaced clusters on spurs
WRONG SPACING
Results of poor spacing
No lignification of shoots
Low crop levels
Poor spacing of spurs
= No sunlight in canopy
Dead shoots
Results of poor sunlight in into canopy
Cane pruning • Used for varieties with low natural fruitfulness on basal
buds (1-3) • Vine structure consists of permanent trunk with annual
renewal canes • Shoot positioning can be vertical or horizontal • VERY IMPORTANT: For every one (1) cane that is
pruned, one (1) 2 bud spur must also be left below the cane for renewal
• Length of cane depends on the position of highest bud fruitfulness – Bud 5-8: Short cane – Bud 9-14: Long cane
2 year old cane from previous season
1 year old cane from this season
Canes in the field
How should it be pruned??
Spur for renewal
New cane
Principle of cane pruning
NOTE: The spur is always below the position of the cane
CORRECT CANE PRUNING
Spur of previous season in correct Position below cane
Short cane of previous season
Fruiting canes of this season
Cane for spur pruning this season
CORRECT CANE PRUNING
Spur for renewal
New cane
WRONG CANE PRUNING
Short cane of previous season
No spur at the base of the cane for renewal ??
Cane pruning in practice
Spurs
Canes
Cane pruning in practice
Cane
Spur
Well spaced clusters on canes