Provisional Protocol and Research Plan: Non-Residential Lighting Retrofits Regional Technical Forum December 16, 2014 Seems fine to me. (Baker) I like

Provisional Protocol and Research Plan: Non-Residential Lighting Retrofits

Regional Technical ForumDecember 16, 2014

Seems fine to me. (Baker)

I like it. (Baylon) I really don’t

think this is all that bad. (Douglass)

I think they incorporated

my comments. (Tingleff)

The Measure

Non-Residential Lighting Retrofits• Lots of different building types and space-uses within

buildings• Lots of different lighting technologies and control strategies• Measures include lamp/fixture changes as well as controls

– Example 1: Covert T8 LED in an open office space – Example 2: Covert T8 LED and install motion sensors in an

open office space• Protocol must account for savings due to both

lamps/fixtures/ballasts and controls.

2 – Introduction

Key Terms (1)Hours of Use (HOU) for a lighting system • Burn time, full-power-equivalent hours (3 hours at 50% power is 1.5

HOU)• The thing we wish we could always know• HOU is measured with loggers and meters during research phase

Hours of Operation (HOO) for a space• Time spanned by period(s) that typically include activity in the space• Easy to collect, often equals business hours, plus time for cleaning, etc. • HOO is gathered through site interviews

HOU/HOO Ratio • Parameter for the mean, or typical value, of the ratio HOU/HOO• Estimated through provisional research • Values differ by control type (and probably space type)

3 – Introduction

Key Terms (2)Lighting System• Set of fixtures associated with a single control type and a single

space or space type• Multiple fixtures in a space may be considered a single system if they share

a single control type (e.g., multiple occupancy sensors in open office can be one system)

Pre-Existing System: What was there before the project

Efficient-Case System: What was there after the project

Baseline System: What savings is relative to • If Pre-Existing system includes obsolete equipment, then Baseline

substitutes current-practice efficiency levels in place of the obsolete equipment.

• Otherwise, the Baseline system is the same as the Pre-Existing System

4 – Introduction

Outline for today

• Simplified Method• Provisional Research• Highlighted Areas• Decision

5 – Introduction

Simplified Method

6 – Simplified Method

HOO Interview: Structure6 – Simplified Method

• Interview guide asks for Hours of Operation separately for each space in a project…– Space 1: Open office on 4th floor,– Space 2: Private offices in Suite 400,– Space 3: Hallways

• Enter number of hours for each day of week • Can enter more than one weekly schedule to

capture seasonality

HOO Interview: Content8 – Simplified Method

• Hours of Operation is…– About space usage, not lighting behavior– Coarse, asks questions that are easy to answer– Just a rough correlate to lighting system burn time

• Interview guide includes instructions and examples.

Data Requirements

• For each affected space:– Hours of Operation (based on interview of building

representative)– HVAC type

• For each lighting system:– Space served by the system– Lamp, fixture, ballast, and control data

• Types and counts • Complete descriptions for both pre-existing and efficient-

case systems


Calculation steps

1. Determine baseline system

2. Do separately for baseline and efficient-case systems:A. Calculate full-load power (kW) using nominal lamp wattage

and appropriate ballast factors B. Look up HOU/HOO Ratio (based on XYZ control type and

space type) and estimate HOU as HOO*RXYZ C. Estimate annual energy as HOU*Power*HVAC_IF

3. Subtract baseline annual energy from efficient-case annual energy to get savings.

The Calculator does all this for you.


Calculation ExampleChange open office lighting controls from manual on/off switch to photocell dimmer• HOO: Suppose interview says annual HOO is 3000 hours

for this space;• HOU/HOO Ratios: Table (next slide) provides the ratio

values, RMANUAL = 0.9 and RPHOTO = 0.70;• (Full-load) Power: Suppose kWBase = 1.5 and kWEff = 0.4.


Space Space type HOO Control

TypeHOU/HOO

Ratio HOU Power (kW)

Energy (kWh)

Baseline 3rd Floor open office

Open office 3,000 Manual

(local) 0.90 2,700 1.5 4,050

Efficient 3rd Floor open office

Open office 3,000 Daylight

sensor 0.70 2,100 0.4 840

Savings (ignoring HVAC IF): 3,210

Simplified method: Savings12 – Simplified Method

Lighting Control Type ProvisionalHOO Ratio

AnticipatedSpace-Use Types

Timer or Non-Local Manual Switch

100% Any

Local Manual Switch 90% Any

Daylight Sensor withoutOccupancy Sensor

100% Parking garage, Exterior

70% Classroom, Open Office, OtherOccupancy Sensor withoutDaylight Sensor (On/Off)

70% Private Office, Classroom, Warehouse Aisle, Parking/Exterior, Other

Occupancy Sensor withoutDaylight Sensor (Bi-Level)

65% Stairwells, Hallways

70% Other

Occupancy Sensor with Daylight Sensor (On/Off)

70% Classroom, Parking Garage/Exterior,Warehouse Aisle Lighting, Other

Occupancy Sensor with Daylight Sensor (Dimming)

70% Classroom, Parking Garage/Exterior,Warehouse Aisle Lighting, Other

Limitations: Right-on-average• Objective is savings estimates that are right-

on-average across lots of different projects.• Fixed HOU/HOO Ratios mean savings may be

very wrong for individual projects. • Custom evaluations (not using the protocol)

may be preferred for some large projects.

Note: These are limitations of the simplified method itself, assuming we can get our hands on good HOU/HOO Ratio estimates. Provisional research limitations are on a separate slide.


14

Loose end: Systems with EMS?

Earlier subcommittee recommendation on systems with energy management systems (EMS): The skill set required for collecting data from these controls is special (different what’s needed in the remainder of the plan); advanced lighting controls should be addressed through their own protocol at a later date.

Josh’s mix-up: Before I reviewed the old subcommittee recommendations, I altered eligibility to include EMS controls in cases where the EMS mimics functionality of one of the other control types included in the protocol. (Objections?)


It slices, it dices! (data)

New and improved!

Provisional Research

16 – Provisional Research

Objective: HOU/HOO Ratios

HOU/HOO Ratio is parameter for average ratio of meter-based HOU to interview-based HOO• Simplified method uses HOU/HOO Ratio to

estimate HOU based on HOO• Provisional research objective is to estimate

HOO Ratio values– Values differ by control type and space type– Research different scenarios


Objective: HOU/HOO Ratios

Basic research question: How does Actual HOU (burn time) relate to interview-based Hours of Operation?

• For systems without changes to controls, savings depends on a single HOU ratio:

∆kWh = ∆kW x HOO x RXYZ

• For systems with controls changes, savings depends on Delta between ratios:

∆HOU = HOO x (RBASE - RXYZ)


Approach

• For a sample of systems, collect:– Metered-based HOU data – Interview-based HOO data– Control type, space type, and building type

• Data analysis will estimate mean HOU/HOO Ratio values by control type… – And by space-type and/or building type (when

necessary and possible) – There are a few analytical options, some pretty obvious

(e.g., ratio estimator)


Phased research

Current research plan is only Phase I • Does not call for pre-/post- data• Sunset period (1-year) allows time to analyze data from

Phase I research currently in the field • Expect second research phase to include carefully

targeted pre-/post- data– Research questions (and sample targets) to depend on

phase-I results– Expectation of second phase stated in current research plan

but plan details not yet possible• Slides that follow mostly describe Phase I research


Phase I Research: Expectations

• Expect to get– HOU/HOO Ratios that are valid (proven-worthy) for

lots of scenarios where controls don’t change.– Clear understanding of further research needs and

reasonable research planning assumptions

• Don’t expect to get – Proven-worth values for cases where controls do

change (due to lack of pre-/post- data)– Proven-worthy values for every possible scenario

where controls don’t change (expect some strays).


Phase I Lighting System Sample Targets22 – Provisional Research

Lighting Control Type AnticipatedSpace-Use Types*

CV, HOU/HOO

Ratio

Precision at 90%

confidence

Sample target

(Systems)Timer or Non-Local Manual

Switch Any 0.25 10% 17

Local Manual Switch Other 0.75 10% 152

Daylight Sensor withoutOccupancy Sensor

Parking garage, Exterior 0.25 15% 8

Classroom, Open Office, Other 0.5 15% 30

Occupancy Sensor withoutDaylight Sensor (On/Off)

Private Office, Classroom, Warehouse Aisle,

Parking/Exterior, Other0.50 15% 30

Occupancy Sensor withoutDaylight Sensor (Bi-Level)

Stairwells, Hallways 0.75 25% 24

Other 0.50 15% 30

Occupancy Sensor with Daylight Sensor

Classroom, Parking, Garage / Exterior, Warehouse Aisle

Lighting, Other0.75 15% 68

Total: 359

Phase I Research Cost EstimatesTask Party Unit Description Unit

Cost#

UnitsTotal Cost

Training and Data Quality Coordination

Research Coordinator

Hours (40 hours each for 6 data providers)

$150 per hour

240 $36,000

Data Collection and Organization

Utilities / Lighting

evaluator

Research tasks for an individual site, assuming an average of three Lighting Systems per site:

• Recruit site (0.5 hr), • Confirm HOO Interview data for

selected systems (1 hr), • Collect and record spot

measurements (3 hr), • Install and remove meters (post-

only, 8 hr) • Format/organize data (2.5 hr)

$2,250 (15 hrs per site; $150 per hour)

120 $270,000

Organization, Analysis, and Reporting

RTF 32 hours per data set submitted (3 submissions)

$150 per hour

96 $14,400

Total: $320,400


Research Limitations

• Initial sample targets (and the disaggregation itself) are guesses– Need data about relationship between HOU and

HOO– Need to revisit when first data wave comes back

(BPA study results expected in 2015) • Again, Phase I is post-only so won’t get

proven-worthy HOU Deltas



Provisional research functions

too!

Decision

26 – Decision

Decision

“I _______ move to approve the Provisional Standard Protocol for Lighting Retrofits, the associated Research Plan, and the Protocol Calculator with a sunset date of December 31, 2015.”

At the end of the sunset period, we’ll use the first round of data to update what parameters we can, and we’ll develop a research plan for targeted pre-case metering and other outstanding questions.

27 – Decision

Additional Slides

28 – Additional slides

Simplified method: InterviewHours of “Operation.” In many cases, hours of operation equals business hours, plus time for cleaning and after-hours events. See examples for common exceptions.

• Example 1: Private office with a single major usage period (the occupant's workday), which is about 8 hours long– Suppose cleaning is negligible most days for the offices in this

example.– Then Hours of Operation is 8 for typical workdays.

• Example 2: Open office where early-birds start arriving around 7:15AM and late-bird linger until around 6:30PM.– Suppose cleaning takes 30 minutes each evening for the office in

this example. – Then Hours of Operation is 11.25 + 0.50 = 11.75 for typical

workdays.


Simplified method: InterviewHours of “Operation.”• Question is about how the space is used, doesn’t

generally change pre-/post-.

• Doesn’t attempt to account for intermittent lights-out periods throughout the day. – Want to know one shift versus two shifts– Don’t want to know if people turn off lights for lunch

• Doesn’t seek to make the most of the owner or occupant's knowledge; sacrifices site-specific insight for data uniformity and simplification.


Limitations: Granularity• May need to group some space/control

scenarios together – Example: “Gym or classroom or school library with

occupancy sensor and/or daylight sensor”– Calculate a single (weighted) HOU ratio for

aggregated scenario• May need to exclude some scenarios from the

protocol if we don’t get them in the sample and don’t want to group them with others.


Calculator Updates• Structure and look of the calculator largely unchanged• Updated calculator with newly adopted Hours of

Operation (HOO) methodology, including new interview guide

• Pre-period logging/metering data no longer required; however, much of the pre-/post- structure remains for potential future needs

• Calculator automatically computes HOO ratios for controls savings research

• One outstanding item to be updated: working with BPA, SBW to make some minor updates to HVAC interaction table (to ensure consistency in region)


Documents

Provisional Protocol and Research Plan: Non-Residential Lighting Retrofits Regional Technical Forum December 16, 2014 Seems fine to me. (Baker) I like